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Sintomas de
Sintomas de
asma/função Terapia* Terapia
asma
pulmonar
Step 5: Step 5:
Medium to high- Medium-dose ICS-
dose ICS-LABA LABA plus LAMA
plus LAMA daily daily and SABA as
and SABA as needed (preferred)
needed Assess asthma
(preferred) phenotype and
Alternative option(s) evaluate for possible
addition of asthma
Medium-high
biologicsΔ
dose ICS-LABA
daily or high- Other options
dose ICS + LTRA* High-dose ICS-LABA
daily and SABA as trial (3-6 months)
needed Possible add-on
Possible addition LTRA or
of asthma azithromycin
biologicsΔ Oral glucocorticoids
titrated to optimize
asthma control and
minimize adverse
effects
Step 6:
High-dose ICS-
LABA daily;
consider LAMA as
substitute for
LABA or as add-
on therapy if not
done previously◊
Oral
glucocorticoids,
titrated to
optimize asthma
control and
minimize adverse
effects
Possible addition
of asthma
biologicsΔ
Initial therapies are noted above. A higher level of initial therapy, sometimes with concurrent use
of oral glucocorticoids, may be chosen if the patient presents with an acute exacerbation.
Treatment may be stepped down if asthma is well controlled for at least 3 months, or stepped up
1 or 2 steps if asthma is not well controlled or is very poorly controlled. At follow-up visits, check
adherence, inhaler technique, environmental factors, and comorbid conditions. Subcutaneous
immunotherapy is suggested as an adjunct to standard pharmacotherapy in individuals who
have demonstrated allergy to the included allergens and whose asthma is well-controlled
whenever immunotherapy is administered. Consult with asthma specialist if step 4 or higher is
required.
FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; SABA: short-acting beta-agonist; ICS: inhaled
corticosteroid (glucocorticoid); LABA: long-acting beta-agonist; MDI: metered dose inhaler; DPI:
dry powder inhaler; LTRA: leukotriene receptor antagonist; IgE: immunoglobulin E; IL:
interleukin; LAMA: long-acting muscarinic antagonist.
* Theophylline and cromolyn are not included in the table even though they were included in
NAEPP-EPR 3 (2007) and theophylline is included in NAEPP (2020). These agents are rarely used
now, due to availability of more effective options.
¶ Risk factors for exacerbations include: smoking, allergen exposure if sensitized, previous
intubation or intensive care unit stay for asthma, low FEV1 (especially <60% predicted), obesity,
food allergy, chronic rhinosinusitis, and poor adherence/inhaler technique.
◊ The NAEPP 2020 Focused Updates included LAMA therapy in step 5 but not step 6; however, a
trial of add-on LAMA therapy is reasonable, if not previously assessed.
References:
1. Programa Nacional de Educação e Prevenção da Asma: Relatório do painel de especialistas III: Diretrizes para o
diagnóstico e manejo da asma. Bethesda, MD: Instituto Nacional do Coração, Pulmão e Sangue, 2007.
(publicação do NIH nº 08-4051). https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/guidelines-for-diagnosis-management-
of-asthma .
2. Atualizações focadas para 2020 nas Diretrizes de Gerenciamento da Asma: Um Relatório do Grupo de Trabalho
do Painel de Especialistas do Comitê de Coordenação do Programa Nacional de Educação e Prevenção da Asma.
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020;146:1217-70. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/asthma-management-
guidelines-2020-updates .
3. Estratégia Global para Gestão e Prevenção da Asma, Iniciativa Global para a Asma (GINA). www.ginasthma.org .