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BIBLIOGRAFIA
1. Chaboyer WP, Thalib L, Harbeck EL, Coyer FM, Blot S, et al. (2018) Incidence and
prevalence of pressure injuries in adult intensive care patients: a systematic review
and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 2018; 46:e1074–e1081
2. Coyer F, Miles S, Gosley S, Fulbrook P, Sketcher-Baker K, et al. (2017) Pressure injury
prevalence in intensive care versus non-intensive care patients: a state-wide
comparison. Aust Crit Care. 30:244–250
3. Labeau SO, Afonso E, Benbenishty J, Blackwood B, Boulanger C et al. (2021)
Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive
care unit patients: the DecubICUs study. Intensive Care Med. 2021; 47:160–169
4. Deschepper M, Labeau SO, Waegeman W, Blot SI; DecubICUs study Team, the
European Society of Intensive Care Medicine ESICM Trials Group collaborators. (2022)
Heterogeneity hampers the identification of general pressure injury risk factors in
intensive care populations: A predictive modelling analysis. Intensive Crit Care Nurs.
2022 Feb;68:103117. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103117. Epub 2021 Aug 13. PMID:
34393009.
5. Coyer F, Labeau S, Blot S. (2022) Preventing pressure injuries among patients in the
intensive care unit: insights gained. Intensive Care Med. 2022; 48: 1787-1789.
6. European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP), National Pressure Injury Advisory
Panel (NPIAP) and Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance (PPPIA) (2019) Prevention and
Treatment of Pressure Ulcers: Clinical Practice Guideline.
7. Centro Hospitalar S. João. Unidade de Qualidade e Segurança do Doente. (2022)
Prevenção e Tratamento da ÚlceraporPressão. CHSJ.
RESUMO 2
INTRODUÇÃO: Muitos desafios estão presentes ao cuidar do doente crítico com obesidade.
Dificuldades na mobilização e posicionamento, imprevisibilidade dos efeitos farmacocinéticos,
hipoxia e hipoperfusão expõem estes doentes a um risco acrescido de quebra cutânea e
problemas na cicatrização.
Partindo de um caso clínico muito marcante, propomos um texto que é também um lugar de
reflexão sobre as nossas práticas e que as possa elevar, com evidência e com humanidade.
Os doentes com obesidade mórbida têm maior risco de desenvolver úlceras por pressão e de
estas surgirem mais precocemente que em doentes sem obesidade.
As úlceras de pressão em doentes obesos podem ocorrer em locais incomuns, tal como no
caso apresentado. O peso do tecido adiposo por si só pode causar pressão suficiente para
ocluir os capilares e conduzir a diminuição da perfusão tecidular. Um cuidado acrescido deve
ser dado às áreas das pregas cutâneas. Também a atrofia muscular associada à imobilização
prolongada, combinada com o aumento do peso corporal, conduz a aumento da carga sobre
os tecidos moles e consequente aumento da probabilidade de lesão de tecidos profundos, o
que vai de encontro ao que observamos após o primeiro desbridamento, com uma extensão
de dano já muito significativa.
BIBLIOGRAFIA
Drake et al. suggested in an earlier study that BMI over 40 was independently associated with
pressure ulcers, and patients with a BMI over 40 had a risk of pressure ulcers two times that of
patients of other weights after adjustment for the Braden score.
Drake DJ, Swanson M, Baker G, et al. The association of BMI and Braden total score on the
occurrence of pressure ulcers. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2010;37(4):367-371.
Obesity has many localised effects on pressure load. Although extra subcutaneous fat can
provide better subcutaneous cushioning, reduce the degree of local tissue deformation, and
prevent the occurrence of pressure ulcers, greater weight leads to an increase in pressure load
and increases the risk of pressure ulcers.22
22. Weng PW, Lin YK, Seo JD, Chang WP. Relationship between predisposing and facilitating
factors: does it influence the risk of developing peri-operative pressure injuries? Int Wound J.
2022;19(8):2082-2091.
Biomechanical modelling shows that with an increase in BMI, the protective effect of fat on
tissue deformation is gradually offset by the increased pressure load caused by higher body
weight, and the risk of pressure ulcers gradually increases.23 The large body weight of obese
patients, especially morbidly obese patients, creates greater local stress and makes turning
care extremely difficult, though this is mitigated to some extent by adequate medical staffing
in the ICU
23. Elsner JJ, Gefen A. Is obesity a risk factor for deep tissue injury in patients with spinal cord
injury? J Biomech. 2008;41(16): 3322-3331.
Obesity contributes to immobility in the ICU and subsequent pressure on skin surfaces.6
Helping obese patients change their position in bed to relieve sites of increased skin pressure is
a challenge for caregivers.7
. Drake D, Swanson M, Baker G, et al. The association of BMI and Braden total score on the
occurrence of pressure ulcers. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2010; 37(4):367–371.
[PubMed: 20644369] 7. Alexander JW, Cafiero M, Conroy S, et al. Does skin care for the obese
patient require a different approach? BariatrNursSurgPatientCare. 2006; 1(3):157–165.
When both total scores on the Braden scale and BMI category were predictors of the
likelihood of pressure ulcers, extremely obese patients were 3.7 times more likely to have a
pressure ulcer than were obese patients and 1.9 times more likely than were normal weight
patients
Our study demonstrates that obesity is not an independent risk factor for the
development of PUs in the ICU. However, patients with morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40
kg/m2) might develop PUs earlier compared to patients without obesity.
Jessica D. Workum, Annechien van Olffen, Pieter J. Vaes, Anca van Gestel, Piet Vos,
Dharmanand Ramnarain,
The association between obesity and pressure ulcer development in critically ill patients: A
prospective cohort study,
Obesity Research & Clinical Practice,
Volume 16, Issue 1,
2022,
Pages 56-62,
ISSN 1871-403X,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2022.01.003.
Intertrigo
Pressure Ulcers