INGLÊS

FRENTE ÚNICA | CAPÍTULO 01

1.1 PROCESSO DE FORMAÇÃO DAS PALAVRAS

READING INGLÊS > PORTUGUÊS PORTUGUÊS > INGLÊS

STRATEGIES Actual Verdadeiro Atual Current

Application Inscrição Aplicação Investiment
Argument Discussão Argumento Point
cognatos / falsos cognatos / palavras incorporadas /
Balcony Sacada Balcão Counter

INGLÊS - FRENTE U - CAPÍTULO 02

sufixos
Confident Confiante Confidente Confidant
O primeiro passo será entender o vocabulário e o Content Conteúdo Contente Glad
processo de formação das palavras na Língua Inglesa.
Muitos alunos se preocupam em decorar o vocabulário, Costume Fantasia Costume Custom
mas é muito importante entender a lógica estrutural Convict Réu Convicto Sure
da língua que estudamos para facilitar o processo de Curse Maldição Curso Couse
compreensão da mensagem.
Facilities Dependência Facilidade Easiness
Fate Destino Fato Fact
A Língua Inglesa, no seu processo de desenvolvimento Expressão
Idioms Idiomas Language
histórico, sofreu influência de diversos idiomas, sendo os mais idiomáticas
predominantes de origem germânica (anglo-saxões), do Latim e Lecture Palestra Leitura Reading
também do Francês.
Por isso, deparamo-nos com palavras em Inglês que se parecem Legend Lenda Legenda Subtitle
com palavras em Português, afinal, ambos idiomas sofreram Library Biblioteca Livraria Bookstore
influência do Latim. Para esse caso, encontramos dois tipos de
Prejudice Preconceito Prejuízo Damange
palavras opostas:
Accent Sotaque Assento Seat
• Cognatos – são palavras que possuem a mesma raiz Lunch Almoço Lanche Snack
etimológica e significados similares em Português e em Inglês.
Parents Pais Parentes Relatives
Preservative Conservante Preservativos Condom
INGLÊS PORTUGUÊS
Principal Diretor escola Principal Main
competition competição
Sensible Sensato Sensível Sensitive
Television Televisão
Retired Aposentado Retirado Removed
Radio Rádio
Supper Ceia Super Super
Music Música
Vegetable Verduras Vegetais Plants
Area Área
Human Humano Após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, os Estados Unidos passaram
a dominar economicamente o mundo e também passaram a
Emotion Emoção exportar muita cultura, baseando-se no American Way of Life.
Idea Ideia Sendo assim, muitos produtos começaram a chegar em diversos
países do mundo e, com eles, vieram também palavras que
Factors Fatores
passaram a ser incorporadas em nosso idioma, o que chamamos
Garage Garagem de estrangeirismo.
Regular Regular

• Falsos Cognatos - são palavras que parecem com outras

palavras em Português, porém, na realidade, apresentam outro
significado.

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 INGLÊS - FRENTE U - CAPÍTULO 02 READING STRATEGIES 1

A identificação dos três tipos de palavras descritas 2. Verbo no particípio regular

anteriormente facilita na interpretação textual. Lembre-se de I’ve already watched this movie
que o mais importante é decodificar a mensagem que o texto 3. Adjetivo
quer transmitir, portanto, não precisamos traduzir todas as He’s tired of you
palavras que formam a frase. Veja o exemplo:
EXAMPLE ORIGINAL EXAMPLE SUFFIXED
SUFFIX MAKING
O racismo é qualquer pensamento ou atitude que separam as WORD WORD
raças humanas por considerarem algumas superiores a outras. -ation explore, hesitate exploration, hesitation
Fonte: Disponível em http://racismo-no-brasil.info/. Acessado em 24 de outubro de 2018.
-sion persuade, divide persuasion, division
Perceba que podemos resumir a ideia do período acima -er teach teacher
apenas com as três palavras destacadas, ou seja, com a junção de -cian music musician
racismo + raça + superiores, o receptor da mensagem consegue -ess god goddess
decodificar a informação que está sendo transmitida. A mesma nouns
-ness sad sadness
coisa irá acontecer na Língua Inglesa. Preste atenção ao exemplo:
-al arrive arrival
Computers are machines that perform tasks or calculations -ary diction dictionary
according to a set of instructions, or programs. The first fully -ment treat treatment
INGLÊS - FRENTE U - CAPÍTULO 02

electronic computers, introduced in the 1940s, were huge -y jealous, victor jealousy, victory
machines that required teams of people to operate. Compared
-al accident accidental
to those early machines, today’s computers are amazing. Not
only are they thousands of times faster, they can fi t on your desk, -ary imagine imaginary
on your lap, or even in your pocket. -able tax taxable
adjectives
-ly brother brotherly
No texto, encontramos os 3 tipos de palavras citadas
-y ease easy
anteriormente, cognatos, falsos cognatos e palavras facilmente
reconhecidas por serem utilizadas com frequência em nosso -ful sorrow, forget sorrowful, forgetful
idioma. Se juntarmos todas as palavras, poderemos utilizar nosso -ly adverds helpful helpfully
conhecimento prévio para decodificar a mensagem que está -ize verbs terror, private terrorize, privatize
sendo transmitida. -ate hyphen hyphenate
Para as palavras que encontrarmos dificuldade de
compreensão, poderemos fazer a inferência (teremos um
capítulo dedicado a essa e outras técnicas) e também podemos
usar nosso conhecimento no processo de formação das palavras
REVISÃO NA PLATAFORMA
do Inglês.
Uma forma muito interessante de analisarmos as palavras na AULAS 13
Língua Inglesa, é entender o processo de justaposição que forma
boa parte do vocabulário composto desse idioma. Justaposição 1. INTERPRETAÇÃO DE
é a união de duas palavras para formar outra palavra. Veja os TEXTO
exemplos:

Week + end = weekend

Sun + flower = sunflower APOSTILAS EXERCÍCIOS ONLINE
Life + boat = Lifeboat 4 Resumos + 60 questões 60 questões
Head + ache = headache CAIU NO ENEM:
90 questões
Outra forma muito importante de ampliar o vocabulário
é reconhecer o uso dos afixos (prefixos e sufixos). Eles são
importantes porque podem modificar o significado da palavra, SEÇÃO VESTIBULARES
muitas vezes, mudando também a sua classe gramatical. Os mais
utilizados são o ING e ED, ambos podendo trazer mais de um
significado.
QUESTÃO 01
ING
(UFMG) ONE SATURDAY NIGHT, during a visit to a fast-food
1. Pode ser verbo gerúndio restaurant with my wife and children, I noticed a woman’s purse
She’s studying right now beneath a table in the corner. I gave the purse to the manager,
2. Substantivo and moments later an elderly couple returned in a panic to claim
She hurt my feelings it. The gentleman insisted on giving me a ten-dollar reward for
3. Adjetivo my honesty.
This is an interesting class In the car on our way home, my four kids began singing, “For
He’s a Jolly Good Fellow.” I explained that I had done nothing
ED extraordinary, but I appreciated the song anyway.
“We’re not singing about you, Daddy,” they responded. “We’re
1. Verbo no passado regular singing about the man who gave us ten dollars.”
Jack Lyles (Forest, Va.)
He called me yesterday

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 INGLÊS - FRENTE U - CAPÍTULO 02
In fact, the children were singing because
A  the family received a reward for finding the purse.
B  the lady at the restaurant had praised them a lot.
C  the restaurant manager had given them a reward.
D  the waiter at the restaurant was a very kind fellow.
QUESTÃO 02
(UFAL) Ericsson mobile systems
Ericsson is a global leader (I) mobile telephony, supplying state-
of-the-art technology and quality equipment to customers
worldwide. More people make and receive calls using Ericsson
mobile systems than (II) other. Since 1876, Ericsson (III) at
the forefront development in telecommunications. Today, our
products and systems are sold in more than 100 countries.
According to the text,
A  telephones today are cheaper in 100 countries.
B  Ericsson has customers all over the world.
C  Ericsson must do better in technology.
D  mobile phones are similar to works of art.
E  nobody can compete with Ericsson in price range.
QUESTÃO 03
(ITA) Harvard conducted one of the longest and most
comprehensive studies of human development — the 75 year
old Grant Study — that’s reached some fascinating conclusions
regarding the recipe for leading a happy life. The sample group
was comprised of healthy male Harvard college students who,
over the course of their lifetime, agreed to meet with an array
of scientists and researchers who measured their psychological,
physical and anthropological traits. Though all identities are
confidential, it was recently discovered that John F. Kennedy
was a sample participant. Following these men through times of
war, their careers, parenthood and old age, the Grant Study has
amassed an exorbitant amount of data that deeply reflects the
human condition. What can be concluded from seven decades
of data? It is quite simple actually; warm relationships between
parents, spouses, children and friends have the greatest impact
on your health and happiness in old age. The study found that 93
percent of the sample group who were thriving at age 65, had
a close relationship with a sibling when they were younger. As
George Vaillant, the lead director of the study states, it can all be
boiled down into five simple words: “Happiness is love. Full stop.”
Business Insider. http://www.goodnet.org/articles/1055. Acesso em 10/06/2013.
A Grant Study, pesquisa realizada pela Universidade de Harvard,
A  teve por objetivo investigar o comportamento de pessoas
idosas e felizes.
B  possibilitou o levantamento gigantesco de dados sobre
pesquisadores de Harvard.
C  comprovou que John F. Kennedy foi um homem extremamente
feliz.
D  chama-se the 75 year old Grant Study por ser homenagem à
faixa etária analisada.
E  comprovou que felicidade na vida adulta está atrelada às
relações afetivas ao longo da vida.
READING STRATEGIES 1
QUESTÃO 04
(UNEB) Brazil Science Without Borders
The Brazilian government’s new Science Without Borders
Program will provide scholarships to undergraduate students
from Brazil for one year of study at colleges and universities in the
United States. Scholarships will be given primarily to students in
the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
fields. Students in the program will return to Brazil to complete
their degrees.
Undergraduate students from Brazil may apply for the Science
Without Borders Program scholarship beginning August 31,
2011.
This program, administered by IIE, is part of the Brazilian
government’s larger initiative to grant 100,000 scholarships for
the best students from Brazil to study abroad at the world’s best
universities.
INGLÊS - FRENTE U - CAPÍTULO 02
“BRAZIL Science Without Borders”. http://educationusacienciassemfronteiras.org/scier.
Fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False).
About the Brazil Science Without Borders Program, it’s correct
to say:
( ) In order to get a scholarship, students are required to take a
hard placement test.
( ) Science is among the program’s top priorities.
( ) An advantage of this program is that students may graduate
from college in the United States.
( ) One hundred thousand scholarships will be given to
Brazilian students by this program.
According to the text, the correct sequence, from top to bottom, is
A  T – F – F – T
B  T – F – T – F
C  F – T – F – T
D  F – T – T – F
E  T – T – T – T
TEXTO PARA AS PERGUNTAS 05 À 09
In early June, the Annenberg Center at the University of
Pennsylvania released a new study, “Open to Exploitation”, which
addressed online price discrimination among other subjects.
The study revealed that nearly two-thirds of adult Internet
users surveyed believed incorrectly that it was illegal for online
retailers to charge different people different prices. It also noted
that two-thirds of people surveyed said they believed online
travel sites are required by law to offer the lowest airline prices
possible to all customers.
Not only did the survey participants think price customization
was illegal, they also strongly believed it ought to be. According
to the study, 87 percent of people surveyed strongly objected to
the practice of online stores charging people different prices for
the same products based on information collected about their
shopping habits.
The report was based on results from a telephone poll, conducted
in February and early March, of 1,500 adults who said they had
used the Internet within the past 30 days. The margin of sampling
error was described as plus or minus 2.51 percentage points.
CNN.com – Law Center, June 24, 2005
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 INGLÊS - FRENTE U - CAPÍTULO 02
QUESTÃO 05
O texto acima trata de um estudo sobre
A  os preços cobrados nas vendas online e a reação aos usuários
da Internet.
B  a discriminação de usuários de alguns sites da Internet.
C  a exploração dos usuários da Internet nas vendas online.
D  a divulgação de endereços de consumidores que utilizam a
Internet.
E  a abertura da Internet para usuários que costumam fazer
cotação de preços.
QUESTÃO 06
De acordo com o texto, para a maior parte dos entrevistados,
A  a Internet deveria controlar melhor as vendas online.
B  a cobrança de preços diferentes pelo mesmo produto de uma
empresa na Internet é ilegal.
C  os consumidores não sabem fazer pesquisas de preços na
Internet e deveriam ser melhor orientados.
D  os usuários da Internet são diferentes dos que utilizam outras
empresas para compras.
E  os sites de companhias aéreas alteram os preços de acordo
com o comprador.
QUESTÃO 07
Segundo o texto, o estudo mostra que
A  a clientela da Internet é contrária à prática de venda de
cadastro.
B  as empresas online, em vários casos, são ilegais.
C  os usuários da Internet têm o costume de negociar preços.
D  os participantes esperam que os sites de vendas sejam
regulados pela justiça.
E  os consumidores têm informações equivocadas sobre vendas
pela Internet.
QUESTÃO 08
De acordo com o texto,
A  as mudanças surgidas com a Internet beneficiaram os
consumidores.
B  os consumidores modernos são melhor preparados.
C  os usuários da Internet fazem compras online a cada 30 dias.
D  a fixação de preços na Internet segue regras próprias.
E  a maior parte dos entrevistados compra passagens online.
QUESTÃO 09
Conforme o texto, o estudo foi realizado com
A  pessoas que utilizavam a Internet há mais de 30 dias.
B  pessoas que costumavam fazer pesquisas por telefone.
C  87% de usuários que só compravam pela Internet.
D  pessoas que haviam feito compras pela Internet no mês
anterior.
E  pessoas que foram selecionadas aleatoriamente.
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EXERCÍCIOS
QUESTÃO 10
Dinosaur Fossil Is Found on Construction Site in Minas Gerais
A construction work on an eight tower condominium in the
Mineiro Triangle revealed much more than dirt and rocks. Fossils
from a huge dinosaur, with an estimated age of 80 million years
and a possibly unknown species, will be unearthed within the
next few days.
The animal’s ribs, vertebrae, tibia and waist bones
have already been identified. According to researchers, the
state of preservation indicates that cranial material may still be
buried in the rock. Excavation will continue until next week.
Last
December, a city hall employee found evidence of the existence
of fossils in the condominium site. Since then, the construction
project is being monitored. For geologist Luiz Carlos Borges
Ribeiro, the structure may belong to a new species of titanosaur,
a herbivore dinosaur that once inhabited the region. “From the
diversity of the fossils we found and the degree of preservation,
we will probably have the opportunity to present a new species.
That would provide another piece of data for the advancement of
international paleontological research,” says Ribeiro.
After removal of the fossil, the material will be sent to the Center
for Paleontological Research for analysis. According to Ribeiro,
the morphological and anatomical studies must be completed
within a year and will confirm if the discovery refers to a new
species not yet identified in Brazil.
In the last ten years, three species of titanosaur were discovered
in the Mineiro Triangle: the Trigonosaurus pricei, the Baurutitan
britoi and the Uberabatitan riberoi. About two years ago, on the
site next to the condominium project, the first fossils in the region
were discovered during excavations for the construction of a
mall. However, due to lack of access to the site, the researchers
were not able to identify the species.
Translated by SUGHEY RAMIREZ. www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/em/
scienceandhealth/2015/o7/1651156-dinosaur- fossil-is-found-on-construction-site-in-
minas-gerais.shtml. Acesso em: 12 out. 2015.
(UNIT) Fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False).
About the fossilized dinosaur mentioned in the text, it’s correct
to say:
( ) It’s about eighty million years old.

( ) The fossils belong to a large-sized species.
( ) Its entire skeleton has already been collected.

( ) This species used to be commonly found worldwide.
The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is:
A  T, T, T, T
B  T, F, F, T
C  T, T, F, F
D  F, T, T, F
E  F, F, T, T
 INGLÊS - FRENTE U - CAPÍTULO 02 EXERCÍCIOS

QUESTÃO 11 A  pela influência internacional nos nomes de bandas e de

músicas.
(UNIT) Because of the fossils’ discovery, the construction of the B  como um instrumento de reflexão crítica do jovem da periferia.
condominium C  pela irreverência dos cantores, adeptos e suas vestimentas.
D  como um gênero musical de menor prestígio na sociedade.
A  had to be disregarded. 
 E  pela criatividade dos primeiros adeptos do gênero hip hop.
B  is under close supervision. 

C  was temporarily interrupted. 
 QUESTÃO 02
D  became much more expensive. 

E  was prohibited by the government. 
 (ENEM) The record industry

QUESTÃO 12 The record industry is undoubtedly in crisis, with labels laying

off employees in continuation. This is because CD sales are
(UNIT) According to the geologist Luiz Carlos Ribeiro, the fossils plummeting as youngsters prefer to download their music from
they found the Internet, usually free of charge.
And yet it´s not all gloom and doom. Some labels are in fact
A  won’t probably add much to paleontological research. 
 thriving. Putumayo World Music, for example, is growing, thanks
B  belong to the same species uncovered before. to its catalogue of ethnic compilation albums, featuring work by
C  will be impossible to be identified. 
 largely unknown artists from around the planet.
D  were in a poor state of preservation. 
 Putumayo, which takes its name from a valley in Colombia, was
E  offer a great variety of types. 
 founded in New York in 1993. It began life as an alternative
clothing company, but soon decided to concentrate on music.
QUESTÃO 13 Indeed its growth appears to have coincided with that of world
music as a genre.
SpeakUp. Ano XXIII, nº 275 (fragmento).
(UNIT) The fossils discovered in the same region two years ago
couldn’t be identified because A indústria fonográfica passou por várias mudanças no século XX
e, como consequência, as empresas enfrentaram crises. Entre as
A  there were signs banning trespassers from the site. 
 causas, o texto da revista SpeakUpaponta
B  the researchers didn’t have official license to enter the site. 

C  they had decayed beyond recognition. 
 A  o baixo interesse dos jovens por alguns gêneros musicais.
D  they couldn’t be removed from the site. 
 B  o acesso a músicas, geralmente sem custo, pela Internet.
E  the researchers couldn’t get to the site. 
 C  a compilação de álbuns com diferentes estilos musicais.
D  a ausência de artistas populares entre as pessoas mais jovens.
E  o aumento do número de cantores desconhecidos.
SEÇÃO ENEM
QUESTÃO 03
QUESTÃO 01 (ENEM) Our currency

(ENEM 2ª APLICAÇÃO)
Hip hop music
Hip hop music is a musical genre which developed as part of
hip hop culture, and is defined by key stylistics elements such
as rapping, DJing, sampling (or synthesis), scratching and
beatboxing. Hip hop began in the South Bronx of New York City
in the 1970s. The term rap is often used synonymously with hip
hop, but hip hop denotes the practices of an entire subculture.
http://en.wikipedia.org. Acesso em: 8 jul. 2010.
Brazilian hip hop is one of the world’s major hip hop scenes,
with active rap, break dance and graffiti scenes, especially in São
Paulo, where groups tend to have a more international style,
influenced by old school hip hop and gangsta rap.
Brazilian rap has served as a reflection of political, social, and
racial issues plaguing the disenfranchised youth in the suburbs
of São Paulo and Rio. The lyrical content, band names, and song
names used by Brazilian hip hop artists often connote the socio-
political issues surrounding their communities.
http://en.wikipedia.org. Acesso em: 8 jul. 2010 (fragmento).
Sendo a música uma das formas de manifestação cultural de um
país, o rap brasileiro, a partir das informações do texto, tem sido
caracterizado
Australia was the first country in the world to have a complete
system of bank notes made from plastic (polymer). These notes
provide much greater security against counterfeiting. They also
last four times as Iong as conventional paper (fibrous) notes.
The innovative technology with which Australian bank notes
are produced -— developed entirely in Australia — offers artists
brilliant scope for the creation of images that reflect the history
and natural environment of Australia. At the same time, the
polymer notes are cleaner than paper notes and easily recyclable.
Australia’s currency comprises coins of 5, 10, 20 and 50 cent and
one and two dollar denominations; and notes of 5, 10, 20, 50 and
100 dollar denominations.
AUSTRALIA GOVERNMENT. AboutAustralia. Disponível em: www.newzealand.com.
O governo da Austrália, por meio de seu Departamento de
Assuntos Estrangeiros, divulga inovações tecnológicas desse
país. Associando as informações apresentadas na busca pelo
tema, percebe-se que o texto se refere
A  à educação ambiental na Austrália.
B  ao sistema monetário australiano.
C  aos expoentes da arte australiana.
D  à situação econômica da Austrália.
E  ao controle bancário australiano.

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 INGLÊS - FRENTE U - CAPÍTULO 02 EXERCÍCIOS

QUESTÃO 04
(ENEM) The record industry

The record industry is undoubtedly in crisis, with labels laying

off employees in continuation. This is because CD sales are
plummeting as youngsters prefer to download their music from
the Internet, usually free of charge.
And yet it´s not all gloom and doom. Some labels are in fact
thriving. Putumayo World Music, for example, is growing, thanks
to its catalogue of ethnic compilation albums, featuring work by
largely unknown artists from around the planet.
Putumayo, which takes its name from a valley in Colombia, was
founded in New York in 1993. It began life as an alternative
clothing company, but soon decided to concentrate on music.
Indeed its growth appears to have coincided with that of world
music as a genre.
SpeakUp. Ano XXIII, nº 275 (fragmento).

A indústria fonográfica passou por várias mudanças no século XX

e, como consequência, as empresas enfrentaram crises. Entre as
causas, o texto da revista SpeakUp aponta

A  o baixo interesse dos jovens por alguns gêneros musicais.

B  o acesso a músicas, geralmente sem custo, pela Internet.
C  a compilação de álbuns com diferentes estilos musicais.
D  a ausência de artistas populares entre as pessoas mais jovens.
E  o aumento do número de cantores desconhecidos.

GABARITO

VESTIBULARES ENEM

1 A 11 B 1 B

2 B 12 E 2 B

3 E 13 E 3 B

4 C 14 • 4 B

5 A 15 • 5 •

6 B 16 • 6 •

7 E 17 • 7 •

8 D 18 • 8 •

9 A 19 • 9 •

10 C 20 • 10 •

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