# 6.

weliwadi 7 aprils
pirveli !*&& o8

sapolitiko da saliteraturo gazeTi. fasi 1 lari

gamodis xuTSabaTobiT
xelis mowera: tfiliss, `iveriis~ redaqciaSi, mTawmindis quCaze, Sioevis saxlebis zemod. #5
quTaiss, anton lorTqifaniZis biblioTekaSi.
`iveriis~ fasi 1877 wels. Tu saWiroeba moiTxovs, redaqcia gaasworebs da Seamoklebs
aTi Tvisa, gagzavniT da gaugzavnelad . . . 6 man. - dasabeWdaT gamogzavnil werilebs.
TiTo nomeri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 15 kap. gancxadeba miiReba qarTulsa da rusuls enaze.

saZiebeli: I. cxovreba da kanoni, werili
meoTxe. _ III. saqarTvelos matiane. _ III. Tamar-
mefis saxe beTanis ekklesiaSi, leqsi qsnisxevelisa.
_ IV. sapolitiko mimoxilva: osmaleTi, germania.
_ V. muSis simRera, leqsi s. oqriaSvilisa. _ VI.
mokle moTxroba sxva da sxva saxelmwifoTaTvis,
italia. _ VII. ukanaskneli gasakveTi, naamobi
patara elzaselisa, moTx. alfons dodesi. _ VIII.
Cvenis istoriisaTvis masala. _ X. gazeTebidam
amokrefili ambebi. _ XI. redaqciisagan.
cxovreba da kanoni.
_ igia, rom yovels qveSevrdoms misi satkivari
meoTxe werilis Semdegi*)
adgilobrivi TviT_mmarTveloba (мѢстное
самоуправленiе) da umaRlesi mTavroba
(верховное правленiе) arc erTi da igivea, arc
urTierTis mokamaTe da mocileni arian. erTsa da
imave qveyanaSi, erTsa da imave saxelmwifoSi orniv
mSvidobianad Tavsdebian da urTierTis saxeirod
moqmedoben. zemod movixseneT, rom Znelia amaT Sua
namdvilis samZRvaris dadeba Tu yvelaferSi ara,
zogierTSi mainca. Tumca es asea, magram sazogadod
erTsac da meoresac iseTi Tval-saCino Tvisebis
kuTvnileba aqvs, rom mis meoxebiT kacs SeuZlian,
TiTqmis yovels SemTxvevaSi, gaarCios an erTi
ris moRvawe da patroni unda iyos, an meore. Cven
Tviseba TviTveulisa zemod gakvriT movixsenieT.
magram vxedavT, rom igi Cvenis umTavresis sagnis
___________
*) dasawyisi am werilisa “iveriis” # 4-Sia.
uked cnobisaTvisa cotaa. amisaTvis gvsurs am Jamad
eg Tviseba cotaodnad dawvrilebiT aRvniSnoT.
yoveli saxelmwifo, Tund gvar-tomobiT
erTisa da igive xalxiT iyos Semdgari, mainc,
adgilobrivis sxva da sxvaobisagamo, bevrs sxva
da sxva Tvisebis mxaresa da mxares warmogvidgens.
yovels mxares, yovels nawils erTisa da igive
saxelmwifosas Tavisi sakuTari Wiri da lxini
aqvs, Tavisi sakuTari gaWireba adgia, Tavisi
sakuTari mzrunveloba da fiqri umZimebs gulsa,
Tavisi sakuTari netareba afxizlebs da ibirebs.
umaRlesis mTavrobis pirdapiri daniSnuleba
gaugos, misi wamali dasdos, yovels sikeTisa da
keTildReobis gza gauxsnas. amisaTvis saWiroa
umaRlesma mTavrobam utyuarad, pir-uTvnelad,
zed miwevniT icodes yovelis kuTxis namdvili
viTareba, misi av-kargianoba, rom saca SesaZloa
Svela, uSvelos, Semweoba miawvdinos. cxadia, rom
umaRless mTavrobas TviTon, sxvis dauxmareblad
ver SeuZlian verc Tvali miawvdinos dasanaxavad
yvelgan, verc yuri sasmenlad da verc xeli
saSvelada. cxadia, rom man unda iyolios amisaTvis
anu sakuTari moxeleni yovelgan mofantulni
da morigebulni, anu eg moxeleoba TviT
adgilobriv-mcxovrebTa unda Caabaros, miandos.
pirvelma saSualebam Tavi versad ver gaimarTla,
imitom-rom sxvis xeliT saqmis gakeTeba arsad
da arasferSi arc Tavs mosula da arc mova. sxvas,
tyuilia, CemTvis ise guli ar Sehstkiva, rogorc
me TviTon; sxva Cem av-kargianobas CemsaviT ver
Seityobs, Cems tkivils CemsaviT ver mouvlis, Cems
2 iveria
Civils CemsaviT ver ityvis; rac me vici Cemi, sxvas
Tavis dReSi ar ecodineba. es yvelgan ese hscnes da
amitomac eg saSualeba TiTqmis yvelgan dawunebul
imqna da uar-yofili.
sul sxva aris, roca umaRles mTavrobas Tvis
meTval-yureT, moxeleT da adgilobrivTa saqmeTa
gamgeT TviT adgilobrivi mcxovrebni hyvanan. maT
ukeT ician Tavisi viTYareba, ukeT ician Tvisi
saWiroeba, ukeT ician Tvisis Tavis movla, TvisTa
saqmeTa patronoba. am SemTxvevaSi erTis mxriT _
yovelis kuTxis WeSmariti saWiroeba, utyuari
tkivili, gulwrfeli da marTali wadili
mTavrobamde mixweulia, meores mxriT _ umaRlesis
mTavrobis saerTo mzrunveloba erTnairis gulis
tkiviliT, erTnairis madliT yovels kuTxemde
miwvdenilia, morigebuli da mofenili.
aqedam cxadia, sad unda daidvas samzRvari uma-
Rlesis mTavrobisa da TviT-mmarTvelobis Sua.
umaRlesimTavroba,rasaxisacundaiyos,sayovelTao
saqmeTa mzrunveli da moRvawea, ese igi, ima saqmeTa,
romelnic aramc Tu yovels nawils, aramed yovels
qveSevroms erTnairad da erTgvarad Seexeba da
romelnic saerTo, sayovelTao keTildReobisaTvis
cnobilia. mag gvarni saqmeni ekuTvnian sayovelTao
kanon-mdeblobis warmoebasa, sayovelTao finansTa
(Semosaval-gasavalis) moZraobasa da sayovelTavo
mxedrobis ganwyobilebasa. ese yoveli xelSeuvali
kuTvnilebaa umaRlesis mTavrobisa, TviTmmar-
Tvelobas, rogorc kerZo sammarTvelos, am saqmeebSi
xma ara aqvs: igi emorCileba yovels mas, rac
umaRlesis mTavrobisagan gangebulia, dawyobili
da ganwesebuli. TviT-mmarTveloba xelqveiTia
am SemTxvevaSi umaRlesis mTavrobisa da saerTo
kanonis adgilobrivi mcvelia da aRmasrulebeli.
rac saxelmwifos saerTos viTarebas ar Seadgens,
igi TviT-mmarTvelobis ucilo kuTvnilebaa. TviT
mmarTveloba Tvis adgilas yovelis Sinauris
saqmis gamgebelia da meoxe; yovelive saerTo
saxelmwifo xarjis da samsaxuris adgilobrivTa
mcxovrebTa Soris ganmawilebelia, adgilobrivis
sazogadoebis rigisa da wesis damwyobia, misis
zneobis, pativis, qonebis, ganaTlebis da erTob
keTildReobis mzrunelia. yovelive amis mom-
qmedia imodenad, ramodenadac yovelive es mis
sammarTvelos wreSi mcxovrebTa gankerZoebiT
Seexeba da ar ewinaaRmdegeba saerTo saxelmwifo
kanonsa da gankargulebasa. aqedam hsCans, rom TviT-
mmarTveloba erTis mxriT adgilobrivis saqmeTa
# 6.
damwyobia da gamrigebeli, meores mxriT umaRlesis
mTavrobis xelis-ufali *) (непольительный)
orRanoa.
am saxiT, igi erTsa da imave dros adgilob-
rivis sazogadoebis orRanoc aris umaRlesis
mTavrobis winaSe da umaRlesis mTavrobis
orRanoca winaSe adgilobrivis sazogadoebisa.
cxadia, rom rogoric unda iyos umaRlesi
mTavroba TviT-mpyrobelobiTi, monarxiuli-
warmomadgenelobiTi, Tu respublikis saxisa _
erTSiac, meoreSiac da mesameSiac TviT-mmarTveloba
mSvidobianad moewyoba, sazogado wyobilebas aramc
Tu xels SeuSlis, aramed xels moumarTavs, radganac
TviT-adgilobrivis sazogadoebis moWirnaxulea
da amasTanave umaRlesis mTavrobis ukeTesi Tvali
da xelia, yovel kuTxemde miwvdenili.
ruseTSia mag TviT-mmarTvelobas didi farTo gza
gaexsna umaRlesis mTavrobisagan da TiTqmis mTeli
ruseTi amas sixaruliT miegeba. iq jer soflis
glexTa sazogadoebas mieniWa TviT-mmarTvelobis
ufleba, mere mazrasa da guberniasa erTad (земство)
da am saxiT yovels ganyofilebaSi daidgina TviT-
mmarTvelobiTi gamgeoba adgilobrivTa saqmeTa. igi
didixania moqmedebs inglisSiac, saca monarxiuli _
warmomadgenelobiTis saxis mTavrobaa da Crdilo-
amerikaSiac, saca respublikaa. es magaliTebi
cxadad gviCvenebs Cven, rom TviT-mmarTveloba
umaRlesis mTavrobis sxv da sxva gvarobazed ar
aris damokidebuli; rom igi yovel gvars umaRles
mTavrobas uxdeba.
TviT-mmarTvelobam rom Tavisi Cveulebrivi
nayofi moitanos da Tavis Tavs ar umtyunos, misda
Sesaferad unda iyos mowyobili da darguli. am
mowyobaSi arc erTi misi arsebiTi kuTvnileba
daviwyebuli ar unda iqmnas, arc erTi Zireuli
azri ar unda dairRvas. Tu es sifTxile ar ixmara
adamianma TviT-mmarTveloba ufro uqmi sityva
iqneba, ufro saxeli iqmneba, vidre saxravi.
umTavresni kuTvnilebani TviT-
mmarTvelobisani arian: 1) adgilobrivis saqmeTa
adgilobrivis gansamarTlebis ufleba. amazed
aris damyarebuli mcxovrebTa pativis, Rirsebis da
qonebis namdvili mfarveloba da xelSeuxebloba.
___________
*) “xelis-ufleba” swored am azriT aris xmarebuli
Cvenis dastulamaSi. aqedam aris warmomdgari sityva
“moxele”. TviTon dastulamaSi mefis da mdivanbigis
ganCinebis aRmasrulebelni kacni saerTod “xelis-ufalaT”
wodebulni arian.
# 6. iveria 3
2) umaRlesis mTavrobisagan ganwesebulis saqarTvelos matiane
xarjisa, _ begarisa da samsaxurisa adgilobrivTa _
mcxovrebTa Soris ganawileba. es ukeTesi Ronis-
Zieba rom yovelma samarTlianad da umet-naklod amier da imier kavkasiis mcxovrebTa ricxvi
gaduxados saxelmwifos Tvisi Sesaxvedri gvartomobisa da kvalad. _ peterburRSi
movaleoba; 3) adgilobrivis saWiroebisaTvis dabeWdila amier da imier kavkasiis
gardasaxadis dadgena, gawera da aqedam Semosulis eTnoRrafiuli ruka, romelSiac moyvanilia
fulis Tavisuflad gamgeoba. 4) sxva da sxva kavkasiis mcxovrebTa ricxvi gvartomobisa
wesisa da rigis dadgenis ufleba adgilobrivis kvalobazed. Semadgeneli ima rukisa uf. ruttixi
sazogadoebis kanonad, magram ise ki, rom igi wesi gviqadis, rom masSi moyvanili cnobani sul
da rigi sayovelTao kanons ar ewinaaRmdegebodes; bolondelis droisani ariano. am rukaSi esea
5) adgilobrivis sazogadoebis pirvel dayofili kavkasiis mcxovrebni gvartomobis
dawyebiTis swavlis mowyoba da Tavisufali mixedviTa:
gamgeoba; 6) adgilobrivis sazogadoebisaTvis I qarTvelTa tomisani:
mzrunveloba da RonisZiebis moxmareba, 7) 1) qarTvelni _ _ _ 375,452.
adgilobrivis sazogadoebis sazrdoebisaTvis _ _ _ _
2) imerni 264,211.
Tavdarigis daWera da RonisZiebis mopoeba; _ _ _
3) gurulni 59,432.
8) adgilobrivis gzebisa, xidebisa keTeba, _ _ _
movla da Tavisufali gamgeoba. 9) umaRlesis 4) mengrelni 205,212.
mTavrobis winaSe Suamdgomeloba yovels maszed, 5) fSavni _ _ _ _ 12,490.
rac adgilobrivis sazogadoebis saWiroebas da 6) xevsurni _ _ _ _ 5,050.
moTxovnilebas Seadgens. 7) TuSni _ _ _ _ 5,210.
_ _ _ _
umTavresni safuZvelni TviT_mmarTvelobisani 8) svanni 9,110.
arian: 1) xma da arCevanis ufleba miniWebuli II iranis tomisani:
unda hqondes yovels adgilobrivs mcxovrebsa, 1) somexni _ _ _ _ 515,811.
raki sruli wlovania; maSasadame yovels 2) osni _ _ _ _ 75,604.
movaleobaSiac yovels mcxovrebs wili unda 3) arabni _ _ _ _ 9,881.
edvas; 2) adgilobrivis sammarTvelos xelqveviT 4) TaTni _ _ _ _ 64,656.
unda iyvnen yovelni, vinc ki sammarTvelos wreSi 5) TaliSni _ _ _ _ 51,221.
hscxovrobs., aq rogorc pirvels SemTxvevaSi, III slavianebis tomisani:
wodebaTa Soris ganyofileba da xarixebis gadeba 1) velikorusni _ _ _ 676,595,
mavnebelia da TviT-mmarTvelobis bunebis winaa-
2) malorusni _ _ _ 346,928.
Rmdegia. 3) adgilobrivi mosamarTleni agreTve
IV litvelTa tomisani:
moxelenica unda amoirCion adgilobrivTa
mcxovrebTa, 4) yovelive adgilobrivis Tanamde- latiSni _ _ _ 118.
bobis meqoni kaci pasuxis mgebeli unda iyos V berZenT-romanelTa tomisani:
winaSe sazogado, samarTlisa da samsjavrosa da berZnebi _ _ _ 10,517.
ara TvisTa ufrosTa winaSe. VI germanielT tomisani:
Cvenis sasoflo mmarTvelobis wesdebulebas 1) nemencni _ _ _ _ 9,475.
vinc Tvals gadaavlebs dainaxavs, rom igi cotad 2) Sotlandelni _ _ 500.
Tu bevrad TviT-mmarTvelobis safuZvelzed aris 3) sparselni _ _ _ 782.
amoyvanili. amis Semdeg, rasakvirvelia, sabuTi VII kavkasia-kaspiis gundisani (группа).
aqvs adamians ikiTxos: Tu TviT-mmarTveloba eg 1) avarelni _ _ _ 116,313.
aris, maS yovelis mxriT da yovelgan rad ismis 2) yuaulni (andielni) _ 3,693.
samduravi soflis mmarTvelobazed? ratom mag 3) qirdni (yaratelni) _ 4,952.
TviT-mmarTvelobam ar aayvava sofeli, TviT 4) axvayni _ _ _ _ 2,142.
glexoba egre erT-xmad rad uCiviso? 5) boRulalni _ _ _ 1,989.
Cven vecdebiT am sabuTians sityvas Sesaferi _
6) iderni (Tindixelni) 2,515.
pasuxi mivsceT Semdegs werilSi. _ _ _
7) Wamalalni 2,418.
4 iveria # 6.
8) xvarWinelni _ _ _ 1,094. _ tfilisis Semosaval-gasavlis sqema,
9) didoelni (cezni) _ _ 4,010. aRricxuli 1877 wlisaTvis, gvacnobebs Cven,
10) kapuWelni _ _ _ _ 1,703. rom qalaqs tfiliss hqonia.
11) xuunZaxelni (enzeba) _ 568. Semosavali 1876 w. _ _ _ _ 339,551 man.
12) boTlixelni _ _ _ 1,102. _ _ 1877 w. ki moelian _ _ _ 439,887 man.
13) udni _ _ _ _ 300. amaT Soris:
14) CaCanni _ _ _ _ 139,652. qalaqis qonebidam da saijaradro ma-
15) lekni _ _ _ _ 33,982. mulebidam _ _ _ _ 47,155.
16) arWinelni _ _ _ 562. _
uZrav qonebis patronTagan mali 153,806.
17) darRoelni (xurkilelni) _ 83,588. savaWro da sarewavo adgilebidam
18) yarayaiaTalelni _ _ 5431. gadasaxadi _ _ _ _ 54,671.
19) yubaCelni _ _ _ 3757. notariulT sigelTagan da sxva da
20) Tabasarelni _ _ _ 14,667. sxva saganTagan _ _ _ 36,360.
21) aRulelni _ _ _ 5,022. xazinidam da erobisagan monaSveli _ 147,895.
22) qiurinelni _ _ _ 105,688.
23) muxadarni (ruTulelni) _ 10,009. sul daiWers _ _ _ _ 439,88o man.
24) noxurelni _ _ _ 3,428. SarSandeli Semosavlis jami yofila _ 339,555.
25) gaputlelni _ _ _ 659. maSasadame wlevandeli Semosavali SarSan-
26) buduxelni _ _ _ 3420. delzed metia _ _ _ _ 100,336 man.
27) jiqni _ _ _ _ 9,767. gasavali 1876 wels iyo _ _ 320,042.
_ _ 1877 wlisaTvis daniSnulia _ 429,404.
28) xanaluxelni _ _ _ 2315.
29) yrizni _ _ _ _ 3200. amaT Soris:
qalaqis sazogado gamgeobisaTvis _ 79,638.
567,649. qalaqis policiisa, saeqimo nawilisa
VIII kavkasia-Savis-zRvis gundisani: da tusaRTa cixisaTvis _ _ _ 86,707.
1) adiRni _ _ _ _ 75,360. qalaqis sazogado qonebisa movlisaTvis da
2) yabardoelni _ _ _ 53,098. qalaqis keTil-kargierebisaTvis 67,847.
3) abxazni _ _ _ _ 71,933. samxedroTa sadgomisaTvis _ _ 131,582.
IX semitelni: valTa mosaSoreblad _ _ _ 41,326.
1) ebraelni _ _ _ 15,680. sxva da sxva gasavali _ _ _ 22,304.
X Tiurko-TaTris tomisani: sul jami gasavali daiWers _ 429,402.
1) TaTarni _ _ _ 828,203. SarSan 1976w. gasavlis jami yofila - 320,042.
2) darumandelni _ _ 22,917. maSasadame 1877w. gasavlis jami metia
3) yaraCaelni _ _ _ 10,000. SarSandelzed _ _ _ 109,362 man.
4) noRaelni _ _ _ 75,415.
5) yirgizelni _ _ _ 11,554. _ Cven mogvivida Semdegi werili tfilisis
6) Saxselnelni _ _ _ 3,821. seminariis uf.kuSinskis pasuxis *) pasuxad:
7) Turqmenni _ _ _ 3,207. `uf. kuSinski ambobs, rom `seminariaSi
8) yumiselni _ _ _ 72,329. qarTulis enis kaTedra aris daniSnulio,
XI finnis tomisa: maswavlebelni qarTulis enisa yovelTvis
1) estni _ _ _ _ 300. yofilano.~ Cvenc magas vCiviT, rom yovelive es
XII mongolT tomisa: umaRlesis mTavrobisagan moniWebuli gvaqvs,
1) yalmuxelni _ _ _ 10,374. magram umdablesisagan warTmeuli 1872 wlidam
2) muRanlelni _ _ _ 24,745. qarTulis enis maswavlebeli xan iyo da xan
XIII ucnobTa tomisani: ara. uf. turievs epyro eg Tanamdeboba da didad
1) buSni _ _ _ _ 131. cdilobda keTilsinidisianad Seesrulebina
2) kurdni _ _ _ _ 23,225. ___________
sul amier da imier kavkasiis *) uf. kuvSinskis pasuxi “droebis” 35 #-Si iyo
mcxovrebni arian: _ _ 2,699,386. dabeWdili
# 6. iveria
Tavisi movaleoba. magram uf. kuSinskisa da
reqtoris valentinis SemweobiT uf. turievi
seminariidam daiTxoves da 1874 wlamde
qarTulis enis maswavlebeli seminarias ara
hyolia. am wlis enkenisTveSi maswavlebelad
daniSnes uf. tatievi, romelsac TviTon
Segirdebi aswavlidnen zog-zog xucurs asoebsa,
aseTi mcodne gaxldaT qarTulisa. amisTana
maswavlebelma unda aswavlos qarTuli ena? nuTu
es umaRlesis mTavrobis keTil-nebis gauqmeba ar
aris?
uf.Sukinski ambobs, rom seminariis mowafeni,
rogorc momavalni samRvdeloni qarTulis
mrevlisas aqve seminariaSi imarTebian qarTulis
qadagebisaTvisao,~ amisaTvis uf. kuSinski
akiTxebs mowafeTa filaretis, inokentis,
smolenskis, iakimovis da evsevis rusuls enazed
warmoTqmulTa qadagebaTa. iqmneba es qadagebani
Zalian kargni iyvnen, magram rusulma qadagebam
rom qarTuli aswavlos mowafesa, magisi ki ra
mogaxsenoT. aba uf. kuSanskim dagvisaxelos erTi
qarTulad Tqmuli qadageba, rom mowafeebisaTvis
waekiTxebinos enis gasamarTavad. uf. kuSinskis
mosvlis Semdeg seminariis ekklesiaSi qarTuls
enazed qadageba sruliad mospobilia. exla
vkiTxoT: rogor da riT imarTebian mowafeni
qarTulis qadagebisaTvisa?
uf. kuSinski bZanebs, rom mowafeni valdebulni
arian rusuls saeklesio galobasTan Seiswavlon
qarTuli galobaca, amisaTvis daniSnulia
maswavlebelio~. batono, vhsTqvaT rom mowafeni
movaleni arian iswavlon qarTuli galobaca,
maS Tqvenc xom movale iqnebiT aswavloT qarTuli
galoba. aswavliT ki? rom bZanebT maswavlebelia
amisaTviso, ar SeiZleba dagvisaxeloT, vin aris.
rom ara gyavT eg maswavlebeli vis daasaxelebT!..
uf. kuSinski bZanebs, rom uwmindesi sinodi
Txoulobso qarTuls enas iseTive adgili
eWiroso seminariaSio rogorc sxva sagnebsao.
batono, eg yvelam viciT, rom umaRlesis
mTavrobisagan egrea ganwesebuli, da Cven miT
ufro gvtkiva guli, rom umdablesni mag wess
uSiSarad arRveven da Cvens SvilTa Tvis saunje-
deda-enas aviwyebineben.
uf. kuSinski bZanebs, rom uwmindesis sinodis
gankargulebiTao mowafeni valdebulni ariano
icodnen SesaniSnavi werilni qarTulis saero
da saeklesio istoriisao~. gana es seminariaSi
aRsrulebaSi modis? aba romeli wigni giZleviaT
5
mowafeTaTvis, rom eg uwmindesis sinodis
moTxovnileba mowafes aesrulebina? maS Tqveni
mowafe p. k_ ki valdebuli ar iyo Tavis qveynis
istoria Seeswavla? rad waarTva uf. kuSinskim,
dastuqsa, da mxolod cremliT xvewnisa Semdeg
daubruna p. k_gs qarTuli xelnaweri istoria? raT
waarTva erTs mowafes qarTuli `daviTiani~ meores
`saymawvilo kona~ da biblioTekaSi Seitana?~
Tumca CvenSi qarTuli warmodgena ise xSiri ar
aris, magram mainc didi xania ar davswrebivarT
imisTana mSveniers qarTuls warmoadgenas,
rogoric wuxel gaimarTa sazafxulo TeatrSi.
warmodgines uf. sundukiancis komedia
`xaTabala~, somxuridam gadmoRebuli. es
warmodgena metadre momqmedTa pirTa TamaSobiT
aris SesaniSnavi, vidre TviTon komediis
SinaarsiT. deda-sagani am komediisa aris erTi
amJamadac gaxSirebuli umecari movlena Cvenis
cxovrebisa _ maWankliT qalis gaTxoveba. alagi
nebas ar gvaZlevs aq dawvrilebiT vuamboT
mkiTxvels es komedia. mxolod is ki unda
aRviaroT, rom amis damwerscota gadaWarbebiT
grZeli laparaki miundvia momqmed pirTaTvis
ase rom komediis sagans ar uxdeba. am komediis
sazogado xasiaTi im rigia, rom moqmedeba
Cqara unda mimdinareobdes. magram Cinebulma
aRsrulebam verc ki SeamCnevina mayurebels es
naklulevaneba komediisa. metadre sasiamovnoni
iyvnen warmodgenaSi el. yifianisa, uf. kost.
yifiani da vas. abaSiZe. Cvenda samwuxarod, bevri
mayurebeli ar daswrebia wuxandel warmodgenas.
nu Tu qarTuli warmodgena ise xSiria rom
mobezrda kidec Cvens sazogadoebas!
Tamar mefis saxe beTanis ekklesiaSi
Sens wmidas saxes,
SvenebiT savses,
saxierebiT gansxivebulsa,
vumzer krZalviTa,
Tayvan-cemiTa,
creml-moreuli gemTxvevi ferxTa!
*
mixaris, _ gimzer!
vhswuxar _ da gimzer!
da esreT mzera msurs sikvdilamde,
ar gamovfxizlde,
rom aRar vhgrZnobde
Cemis samSoblos suliT dacemas!...
*
6 iveria # 6.
yvavilovani Sors Soreulsa,
walkoti Seni, Sens uRirss Svilsa!...
Senis didebis sxiv-moklebuli, *
aRara hSvenis, ........ va Tu rac waxdes,
aRara gvibrwyinvis, veRara aRhsdges,
Sav-droTa ZaliT fer-waxdenili!.... * veRar aRhyvavdes axlis SvenebiT?
da rac daeca,
*
da viT wasulsa, is waritaca,
sizmarsa tkbilsa, Savman yoranma, viT umwe msxverpli?
*
mzes, didebulad Casvenebulsa,
....... he, cru sofelo,
vigonebT Sens dros,
daundobelo,
guli gvimagros,
SenSi keTili sad ars fer-ucvlel?
srulad ara wavhswydeT ciT Serisxulni!....
dideba Cveni,
* cad sxiv-mimfeni,
xniT damaSvrali, nuTu esRa gvaqvs, vhxedav rasaca?...
daRonebuli, dayruebulsa,
Senadve, mefev, movel vedrebiT: gza-Seuvalsa,
moxedo bedkruls, udaburs tyeSi, _ taZars darRveuls,
Sens satrfos mamuls, sad saxe mefis,
da jvariT SeniT akurTxo kvalad, *) didis Tamaris,
Seni iveri: hsCans Zvels kedelze gamoxatulad!...
iqmnes Zlieri qsnisxeveli.
sarwmunoebis gulsSi danergviT!....
wmidiT saydariT,
sapolitiko mimoxilva
eniT mdidariT,
swavlisa SuqiT ganaTebuli! osmaleTi. _ osmaleTis saxelmwifom arc
zne amaRlebiT, londonis sigeli miiRo, arc Cernogorias
SromiT, mxneobiT, Seurigda da arc despani gagzavna ruseTSi. axla?
da ganhqres bneli umecrebisa!... axla yvelani omis lodinSi arian.
ambebi ise swrafad mimdinareoben, ise
da gagvicocxldes,
Cqara scvlian erTi erTmaneTs, rom kaci ver
rom kvlavc mogvesmes,
aswrobs daafiqrdes da romelime Sexeduloba
rusTavelis xma gulis mimtaci!.... iqonios. metadre kvira gamoSvebiTs gazeTs,
* rasakvirvelia, ar SeuZlian droze gauwios
....... maram cad Tvalni, Tavis mkiTxvels am ambebze musaifi. dRevandeli
gaqvs miqceulni, axali ambavi xval daZveldeba kidec xolme.
da me veRar mcnob damcirebulsa,
suliTa mokles, udebad qmnilsa, germania. _ ams wined germaniis reiRstaRSi
didi baasi gaimarTa Sesaxeb imisa, rom
___________
*) qarvelebma, Savi dro, daarqves saxelad langTemuris elzassa da lotaringias axali mmarTveloba
da Sahambazis Semosvlasa, romelTac srulebiT gaaoxres mieceso. rogorc mogexsenebaT, aqamdisin
saqarTvelo. elzas-lotaringiis saqmeebs ganagebda calke
*) Tamarmefe yovelTvis jvariTa akurTxebda jarsa, sa- ganyofileba imperiis kancleriisa, romlis
laSqrod ganmzadebulsa. warmomadgenelad TviTon elzas lotaringiaSi
# 6. iveria
aris umaRlesi gamgeoba. garda amisa elzas-
lotaringiaSi aris saero sabWo, romelsac
ara viTari kanon-mdeblobiTi ufleba ara aqvs
da mxolod rCevas aZlevs umaRless gamgeobas,
rodesac axal adgilobriv kanonze Camovardeba
laparaki.
sazogado kanonebs ki rogorc mTel germani-
isaTvis, agreTve elzas-lotaringiisaTvis
sdebs reixstaRi da mozaveTa sabWo.
axlis wesdebulebis deda-azri imaSi mdgo-
mareobas, rom es sazogado kanonT-mdebloba
elzas-lotaringiisaTvis mieniWos sakuTriv
imperiis mTavrobsa elzas-lotaringiis saero
sabWos dakiTxviT, e i. mTavrobas. rogoric
kanoni unda iseTs gamoscems, mxolod rCeva ki
unda mosTxovon saero sabWos. Tu vinicobaa
saero sabWo mTavrobas ar daeTanxma, mas ar eqmneba
ufleba Tavisi Civili germaniis parlaments
warudginos. maS vis eqmneba am uTanxmobis
mospobis ufleba? rasakvirvelia TviTon
germaniis mTavrobas. ai brZnuli gankarguleba
es aris! maS riRas damaSvenebelni iqmnebian
is TxuTmeti deputati, romlebsac elzas-
lotaringia gzavnis reixstaRSi esRa aklda
germaniis konstitucias, da meoris mxriT, esRa
aklda sacodavs elzas-lotaringiasac.
elzasis deputatebma bevri Ronis
Zieba ixmares, rom axalis gankargulebis
usamarTloba daemtkicebinaT, magram vera gaawyes
ra. es gankarguleba miT ufro usamarTloa, rom
germaniam xalxis daukiTxavad daiCema elzas-
lotaringia da misi mdgomareoba uamisodac
samwuxaro da ubeduri iyo prusielebis xelSi.
_ amboben, rom bismarkis droebiT samsaxuridgan
gamosvlis mizezi miTom is ariso, rom igi da
germaniis imperatori sxva da sxva azrisani
ariano aRmosavleTis saqmis Sesaxeb: germaniis
imperatori Turme ruseTisken aris, da bismarki
ki misi winaaRmdegiao. marTalia es Tu ara, ra
mogaxsenoT: bismarki iseTi ostati kacia, rom
xorcieli adamiani Znelad gaigebs gulSi ra aqvs.
italia. _ momaval ambebSi aRmosavleTis
saqmis Sesaxeb italiac miiRebs, rasakvirvelia,
jerovans monawileobas. avstri-vengria yovel
RonisZiebas xmarobs, rom agebi rogorme
daimegobros italia da miT aicilos Tavidgan
yoveli dabrkoleba aRmosavleTis saqmeSi. magram
es megobroba italielebs verafrad eWaSnikebaT.
7
ai amas wined milanSi ra moxda.lombardiaSi
(italiis CrdiloeTi nawilia) ramdensame sam-
Soblos moyvares moagondaT erTi samwuxaro
ambavi im droisa, rodesac italiis CrdiloeTi
avstriis mflobelobis qveS imyofeboda.
saxeldobr: 1853 w. ramdenime kaci daeca
avstriis guSags da astyda Setakeba da sisxlis
Rvra. avstriis mTavrobam, rasakvirvelia,
es saqme italielebs daabrala; is ki ara, Tu
rogorc bolos gamoCnda, es Setakeba TviTon
avstrielebma moigones da Tavisive kacebi
daariges guSags daeciTo. es umgzavsi ambavi
moagondaT milanelebs da isurves dResaswauli
gaemarTaT Tavis moZmeTaTvis, romelnic
ubralo daitanjnen radganac ara viTari
monawileoba ar mieRoT zemoxsenebuls CxubSi.
am dResaswaulis Sesaxeb winadadeba warudgines
deputatTa palats, romelTac Tavisi neba-rTva
gamoacxada da gadawyvita deputacia gaegzavna
milanSi. gaigo es ambavi avstriis mTavrobam Tu
ara, maSinve mis-da italiis mTavrobis Soris
Seiqmna grZeli miwer-mowera, magram avstriis
mTavrobam vera gaawyo ra garda imisa, rom sTxova
meore drosaTvis gadedvaT Tavisi dResaswauli.
muSis simRera
(tomas gudasebrivi)
mameciT celi yanebisa gasacelavad,
mameciT focxi TavTavebis mosafocxavad;
mameciT dana, waldi, culi, _ an rac geneboT,
rom meca davrCe col-SviliTa Tqvenc dagarCinoT!
aha Tqvenc Cemi miCveulni Sromas xelebi,
jafis swavlaSi nawurTni da navarjiSebi.
rus gayvana gsurT, Tu mindvrisa gapativeba,
yanis Znad Sekvra, anu ise abululeba, _
yvela SromisTvis yovel dRes var gamzadebuli,
oRond SimSiliT ar amoxdeT Cem col-Svils suli!
Tqvenc nu SehkrTebiT: me ar miZevs gunebaSia,
rom Tqveni sarCo, Cemi Rvawli davwva cecxlSia!
me Tavis dReSi fiqraTac ar warmomidgeba
CemgniT cecxliTa gadawuli Tqveni cxovreba;
me minda cecxli enTos mxolod Cemsa kerazed,
rom sicivisa da yinvis dros Cemi Svilebi
mis gareSemo damSvidebiT isxdnen Wilobzed
janiT saRebi, tanT mosilni, puriT maZRrebi!...
8 iveria
man, visgniTaca scxovrobs mTeli qveyniereba,
visgniTac yanebs kaliebi moevlineba, _
dae man mexiT daangrios misi cxovreba,
vinc ar isminos guliTadi Cemi vedreba
da exlave ar gamiCinos me samuSao.
raRas uyurebT, damiZaxeT: `modi muSao!~
mameciT waldi, culi tyeTa gasaCexelad,
namgali yanis mosamkalad, celi sacelad;
rogoric unda saqme iyos me avasruleb,
maSin aravis cxovrebasa xels aRar vaxleb.
Tu ara SromiT, maS miTxariTY riTi vicxovro?
Cems gaCenaSi urevixar Sen, macxovaro?!....
qveyanazeda me msurs erTi bedniereba:
Cemis ofliTa da SromiTa tkbilad cxovreba.
mameciT saqme. aha Tqvenca Cemi xelebi,
jafis swavlaSi nawurTvni da navarjiSebi.
am xelebiTa da fexebiT msurs vimuSao,
da ara qveynad viwanwalo da viglaxao!
me ar vTxoulob aravisgan mowyalebasa
da amiTi ar davamcireb Cems Rirsebasa;
Sromis dagvarad viTxov TqvengniT dajildoebas.
qvis gulisano! yurs ar ugdebT Cemsa vedrebas?
gaigoneviT! msurs vicxovro Cemis ofliTa
da ara Tqvenis saCuqriT da mowyalebiTa.
oRond ki mqondes lukma puri, saxli patara
sxva amis meti, merwmuneT me ara mindara!...
mameciT waldi, culi, dana, focxi, niCbebi,
namgali, celi _ _ yvela Sromis iaraRebi!
rogoric unda saqme iyos mudam mzaTa var,
vidre cocxal var me imisi erTguli yma var!
netavi imas, vinc am Txovnas agvisrulebdes
an Cvenis Sromis fass sruliad Cagvabarebdes!...
s. oqriaSvili.
1877 w. Tebervlis 20-sa
mokle moTxroba sxva da sxva saxel-
mwifoTaTvis
italia: _ didi xani ar aris, rac exlandelis
italiis sakorolo sufevs. TiTqmis 1860
wlamde italiis naxevar kunZuli ganyofili
# 6.
iyo ramdensame samefod, romelnic oTxis wlis
ganmavalobaSi (1856-1860 w.) SeuerTdenen erTs
maTTa Soris uZlieres samefos _ sardiniis
sakorolos, da am rigad daarsda exlandeli
italiis saxelmwifo (17 marts 1861 w.) Tumca
is xalxis moZraoba, romlis ZaliTac moxda
es ambavi, didad SesaniSnavi da Rirs-sacnobia,
magram am Jamad mis moTxrobas ver SeudgebiT.
es Tval-saCino xana italiis istoriisa
ufro vrceli adgilis Rirsia, vidre am mokle
werilisa
exlandeli konstitucia italiisa igivea,
romelic arsebobda sardiniis sakoroloSi,
garda ramdenime mcire cvlilebisa. xelis
(aRmasrulebeli) ufleba ekuTvnis korols,
mis ministrebs da sxva ministrTa xelqveiT
moxeleebs. kanon-mdeblobiTi ufleba ekuTvnis
korols, senats da deputatTa palats. koroli
aris umaRlesi laSqar-mTavari. mas aqvs ufleba
gamoacxados omi an Serigeba, gamosces sxva da sxva
brZaneba kanonTa aRsrulebis Sesaxeb. koroli
yovel wliv Sehyris orTave palats; mas aqvs ufleba
gadasdvas maTi yriloba, da srulebiT gadaayenos
deputatTa palati, magram im pirobiT ki rom
erTs YTves unda moiwvios sxva axali palati.
kanon-mdeblobiTis Taosnobis ufleba ekuTvnis
rogorc korols, agreTve senats da deputatTa
palats. yoveli kanoni, romelsac sagnad aqvs
romelime axali gardasaxadi, winapirvelad
unda garCeul iqmnas deputatTa palatSi. sxva
yoveli kanoni jer erTs sabWoSi gaisinjeba, mere
meoreSi da Semdeg korolis mier damtkicdeba.
koroli anwesebs da iTxovs samsaxuridgan Tavis
ministrebs. yoveli gankarguleba korolisa
ministris mier unda xelmowerili iyos,
Torem araviTari Zala ar eqmneba da uqmia.
yovels gankargulebaSi, romelsac moaxdens
xelisufleba, pasuxis mgebelni ministrebi arian,
da ara koroli. zemod moxsenebuli iyo, rom
kanon-mdeblobiTi ufleba ekuTvnis ors sabWos,
senats da deputatTa palats. am orTave sabWos
wevrTa araviTari jamagiri ara aqvsT daniSnuli,
da amis gamo dabali da Raribi xalxi ver gzavnis
Tavis warmomadgenels parlamentSi. yoveli
italieli, romelic ocda aTis wlisa, SeiZleba
amorCeul iqmnas parlamentis wevrad. deputatebs
irCeven xuTis wlis vadiT, arCevanis ufleba ki, ra
# 6. iveria
sakvirvelia, yvelas ar ekuTvnis. amorCeuls unda
hqondes kanoniT dadebulis Rirebulobis qoneba,
25 wlisa mainc unda iyos da wera-kiTxva usaTuod
icodes.
amomrCevelTa ricxvi am Jamad aris 528,000
kaci (italiaSi scxovrebs 27,482,174 suli).
deputatTa palatSi 508 wevria. 40 aTass sulze
erTi deputati modis.
senatis wevrTa niSnavs TviTon koroli, maTi
ricxvi ar aris gansazRvruli. xolo am Jamad
322 senatoria. igini aRsruleben Tanamdebobas
vidre cocxalni arian. yoveli senatori
ormocis wlisa mainc unda iyos. yoveli
sruliwlovani Svili korolis ojaxisa senatis
wevria. senati aris agreTve umaRlesi samsjavro
italiis saxelmwifoSi.
italiis sivrce Seadgens 5,321 oTxkuT.
mils, romelzedac scxovrebs 27,482,174 suli.
sarwmunoebiT italielni TiTqmis gansa-
kuTrebiT kaTolikeni arian.
yoveli sruli wlovani italieli
valdebulia laSqarSi emsaxuros vidre ormocis
wlisa Sesruldeba.
mSvidobianobis dros Tof-qveS imyofeba 205,314
kaci (aficrebis ricxvi 12,196). omianobis dros
italiis jaris kacTa ricxvi adis 867,886-mde.
italiis saxelmwifos-Semosavali 1,321,142,386
frankia, *) da gasavali ki 1318,612,252, ase rom
Zirsa rCeba 2,530,134 franki.
ukanaskneli gasakveTi.
naambobi patara alzaselisa *)
(moTxroba alfons dodesi.)
am diliT me saswavlebelSi wasasvlelad
cotad davgviandi da Zalian meSinoda
sayvedurisa miT ufro, rom Cvenma ostatma
gamelma winadve gviTxra Rrammatika
gaikveTeTo, imasa gkiTxavTo da me ki erTi
sityvac ar gamekveTna jer. mswrafl fiqrad
gamiara _ modi dRes ar waval saswavlebelSi,
meTqi. vsTqvi da avasrule kidec. mindorSi
gaviqeci.
_ ase Tbiloda, aseTi naTeli iyo qveyana­
zed mofenili!
____________
*) Cveulebrivad miRebulia oTxi franki erT maneTad.
*) alzasi is qveyanaa, romelic prusiam waarTo
safrangeTsa am ukanasknels dros da romelsac suli da guli
dResac safrangeTisaken aris.
9
tyis pirSi SaSvebis Stvenis xma ismoda,
prusiis jaris­kacni ri peris qarxanis axlos
mindorzed varjiSobdnen da swavlobdnen.
CemTvis yovelive es ufro sasiamovno iyo,
vidre Rrammatikis gazepireba, magram Cemi
jiutoba gavtexe, myis gamovbundi da Cqaris
sirbiliT isev saswavleblisaken gamoviqec.
mivuaxlovdi qalaqis sammarTvelos Tu
ara, Tvali Sevaswar, rom xalxi mogrovila
da raRac gancxadebas kiTxulobs. ai ori
weliwadi iyo gasuli rac am sammarTvelo­
dam sul cudi ambebi gvesmoda: xan isa, rom
ai ama da am adgilas Cveni jari damarcxdao,
xan isa rom prusielebma dagvarbieso, xan
es bZaneba gamovida prusielebTaganao, xan
isao da sxva am gvari.
_ `neta miTxra ra momxdara kidev~
gavifiqre gulSi da sirbiliT gaveSure.
gzazed Semeyara mWedeli fanteri. imas da
mis Segirds waekiTxnaT gancxadeba da raki
daminaxa damiyvira:
_ ras mieSurebi, jer mainc adrea,
saswavlebelSi Tavis drozed mixval.
me megona rom damcinis. daRaluli da
daqanculi Sevardi uf. gamelis patara ezo­
Si, sadac Cveni saswavlebeli imyofeboda:
sxva dros vidre swavla daiwyeboda
aseTi alianqoTi da Jriamuli iyo xolme
saswavleblis oTaxSi, rom quCaSi ismoda.
zogi stolis ujrebs gamoaRebda da SeaRebda,
zogni xma maRla izepirebdnen gasakveTsa,
yurebi ki daecoT, rom ufro kargad
daexsomnaT. ostati ki Tavisis mozdilis
saxazaviT dadioda da wam da uwum ambobda:
ymawvilebo, Tu SeiZleba cota nela. me am
JRriamulis imedi mqonda Cems adgilas ise
davmjdarviyav, rom ostats ar davenaxe.
magram im dRes aseTi mSvidobianoba da
siCume iyo TiTqo kvira dRe ariso. gaRebuls
fanjaraSi Sevixede da davinaxe, rom sul
yvelani Cemi amxanagebi Tavis adgilas sxedan,
ostati ki, Tavisi saSineli rkinis saxazaviT
iRliis qveS, win da ukan dadis. meti Cqara ar
iyo,unda gameRo kari im siCumeSi da gamebedna
oTaxSi Sesvla. vin icis ra feri medo SiSisa
gamo!... ra ggoniaT? Cemma SiSma uqmad Caiara.
ufalma gamelma Semomxeda me gaujavreblad,
da mSvidobianad miTxra:
10 iveria
`Cqara dajeq, patara franco, Sens adgilas.
Cven uSenod gvindoda dagvewyo kidec~.
gadavcocdi Cems adgilisaken da
davjeqi. roca cotad guli damimSvidda
da mivixed­movixede vnaxe rom Cvens
ostats kargi mwvane serTuki ecva, TeTri,
Cinebulad gauTuebuli perangis sayelo
uCanda da Tavzed exura abreSumiT nakeri
qudi, romelsac ixuravda mxolod gansa­
kuTrebuls SemTxvevaSi, magaliTad, roca
ufrosi ewveoda saswavleblis gasaCxrekad,
anu jildoebis darigebis dro iqneboda.
TviTon oTaxSi ki raRac saocari medidu­
roba iyo, TiTqo sadResaswaulo ram ariso.
me ufro iman gamakvirva, rom sasxdomi ad­
gilebi oTaxis bolos, sxva dros carieli
iyo xolme, exla ki sul daeWiraT soflis
xalxs, romelnic ise xma dakmendilni iyvnen,
rogorc Cven. iq isxdnen beberi xauzeric
Tavisis ganuSorebelis sam­kuTxianis qu­
diTa, uwindeli soflis ufrosi, misi uwi­
ndeli mwerali da bevrni sxvani. yvela
daRonebulis da Sewuxebulis saxiT ijda
Tavis adgilas. xauzers moetana Tavisi Zveli,
pireb­moWmuli anbani, gadeSala muxlebzed
da zed gadaSlilzed gardi­gardmod
daedva Tavisi uSvelebeli saTvalebi.
vidre yovels amas vaTvalierebdi da
gakvirvebaSi viyav, ufali gameli avida
Tavis kaTedraze da gviTxra im tkbilis da
rixianis xmiT,rogoriTac me Semosvlis dros
mommarTa:
`ymawvilebo! dRes Cemi ukanaskneli swa­
vlebis dRea. berlinidam bZaneba movida, rom
alzas lotaringiaSi marto nemecuriRa unda
aswavlon. xval sxva axali maswavlebeli
geyolebaT. dRes ukanasknelad unda gai­
kveToT franciuli ena. gTxovT yuradRebiT
iyvneT~.
es sityvebi rogorc isari ise meca guls.
hoi barbarozno! ai Turme ra gamocxadeba
yofila sammarTvelos kedelzed gamokide­
buli!...
ukanasknelad unda gaikveToT fransiuli
enao!... me ki jer Zlivs vjRabnidi asoebsa! _
hsCans Tavis dReSi veRar viswavli. nu Tu
amazedRa unda gavCerde!... ox, ra rigad
vwuxdi dakargul droisaTvis. rodesac
# 6.
unda meswavla, maSin davrbodi Citis budee­
bis saZebnelad, anu vsrialebdi yinulzed!...
Cemi wignebi, romelnic im dRemde Tvalis
dasanaxavad memZimebodnen, Cemi Rrammatika,
samRTo werili ostatis sityvebis Semdeg
Semiyvardnen rogorc megobrebi, romelTac
moSoreba da daTmoba Znelia.
TviTon ufali gameli!... raki warmomidga
rom igi midis da amis Semdeg veRar
vinaxuleb, weli momwyda. me am fiqrSi
garTuls damaviwyda misi saxazaviT cemaca
da yovelive misgan moyenebuli sasjelica.
sawyali! exla ki mivxdi risTvisac Caecva
axali tansacmeli da risTvisac mosu­
liyvnen Ceni moxucebuli soflelebi. Tu­
rme ukanaskneli gasakveTis mosasmenlad
mogroviliyvnen, rom amiT gamoecxadebinaT
ufalis gamelisaTvis Tavisi guliTadi ma­
dloba ormocis wlis samsaxurisaTvis, da
safrangeTisaTvis, Tavisis sayvarelis mamu­
lisaTvis, romelic maT SordebodaT, pativi
miecaT.
me sruliad fiqrebma wamiRes; uecrad
Cemi saxeli warmoiTqva. yurebi vacqvite,
Turme Cemi jeri movida pasuxis gebisa. ra
rigad mindoda, rom Tavidam bolomde
Seucdomelad amesxna mSvenieri wesebi Cvenis
enis Tandebulisa. magram pirvel sityvaSive
avirie da mwuxaris guliT, rogorc keti, ise
videq Cems adgilas, sircxviliT Tavi maRla
ver ameRo. ufali gameli meubneboda:
`am xanad, franco, me ar gisayvedureb. Sen
umisodac dasjili xar... miT, rom ar ici. iqneba
Sena fiqrobde: eh, eg ara feria! Tu dRes ara,
xval xom viswavlio! ai xom xedav ra moxda...
diax, mag dRe­xvaliobam, swavlis gadadebam
saxvaliod gaaubedura alzasi. exla nemencebs
sabuTi aqvT gviTxran: ra migigavT fransielebs,
rom iZaxiT fransielni varTo, rodesac arc
kiTxva, arc wera Tqvens enazed ar iciT?...
yovels amaSi marto Sen ara xar damnaSave, Cemo
sawyalo franco! ara, yovelma Cvenganma unda
usayveduros Tavis Tavsa.
`Tqveni naTesavebi Tqvenis ganaTlebisaTvis
bevrs aras zrunavdnen, oRond ki erTi meti
groSi SeeZinaT da isini sxvas aras dasdevdnen,
da amisaTvis xan samuSaod gvistumrebdnen
qarxanaSi, xan miwis saxvnelad. arc ki me var
# 6. iveria
udanaSaulo. gana me ki ar unda vusayveduro
Cems Tavs? gana swavlis magier xan da xan Cems
baRs ar garwyvevinebdiT xolme? gana roca
saTevzaod mivdiodi, Tqvenis daTxovnis
fiqri mawuxebda?~
ufals gamelis sityva erTis sagnidam
meorezed gadahqonda da bolos laparaki
Camoagdo fransiuls enis Taobazed.
gveubneboda, rom fransiuli ena yvelazed
mSvenieri, yvelazed cxadi, yvelazed mtkice
ena aris mTel qveynierobazedao; igi ar
unda daviwyebul iqmnaso. da Tu vinme
monebis qveS Cavardebao, misTvis samSoblo
deda­ena ukeTesi Ronea, rom ubedurebidam
Tavi ixsnaso... mere gadasxna Rrammatika da
agvixsna gasakveTi. me mikvirda, rom yoveli
feri ise advilad mesmoda. razedac ki im
Jamad mogviTxrobda, yovelive meadvila. me
mgonia rom Cems dReSi iseTis yuradRebiT ar
migdia imisaTvis yuri da TviTonac, mgonia,
Tavis dReSi iseTis moTminebiT ar ausxnia
gasakveTi, rogorc maSin. adamians egoneboda,
rom raki gvSordeba, hsurso rac icis yo­
velive erTxanad da erTbaSad gadmoqvceso
da sul erTad TavSi Cagvidoso.
gasakveTis axsnis Semdeg wera dagvawyobina.
am jerad ufals gamels TviTveulisaTvis
calke axali dedanebi Seedgina; im dedanebSi
mxolod es ewera: `safrangeTi, alzasi,
safrangeTi, alzasi~. aviReT dedanebi da
maRla CamovkideT; rogorc bairaRebi ise
farfarebdnen Tvalwina. unda genaxaT
rogoris yuradRebiT vwerdiT am sityvebs,
ra rigi xma gakmendili mdumareba iyo! M
mxolod erTi kalmis wri pini Ra ismoda.
zogjer maisis buzebi Semofrindebodnen
oTaxSi, magram imaT yurs aravin aTxoebda,
pawawina Sagirdebic ki Tvals qaRaldidam
ar aSorebdnen da iseTis gulmodginebiT
gamohyvandaT TavianTi xazebi, TiTqo is
xazebic safrangeTisani ariano.... Cardaxzed
mtredebi RuRunebdnen da me gavifiqre:
`amaTac xom nemencurad ar daawyebineben
RuRunsa.~ dro gamoSvebiT ze avixedavdi
da vxedavdi, rom ufali gameli mdumared
idga kaTedrazed da raRac gulis­tkiviliT
Tvals akvirvebda yovels sagans, rac mis
gareSemo iyo, TiTqo cdilobso saukunod
11
daexsomebina es patara saxli da yoveli
is, rac Sig aris. rogorc gindaT ifiqreT,
_ is kaci ormoci weliwadi iyo am adgilas,
ormoci weliwadi iyo mayurebeli erTisa da
imavv ezosi, erTisa da imave saswavleblisa.
yovelives uwindeli feri da saxe edo,mxolod
Segirdebis skamebi da ruka droTa brunvas
moecveTna, kaklis xe ezoSi gazdiliyo, svia,
romelic TviTon daerga, gars Semohfenoda
fanjrebs da saxlis saxuravamde asuliyo.
usaTuod Zalian ukvnesda, Zalian hstkioda
guli, rom yovels amas Tavi unda daanebos;
rom misi da aqedam ayrisaTvis wina da ukan
darboda zemo oTaxSi da bargs alagebda.
diaR, xval zeviT unda ayriliyvnen da
samudamod gamohsTxovebodnen am mxaresa.
xolo mas mainc kidev Rone da moTmineba
SerCa, rom rac im dRes saswavlebeli iyo
yvela Seesrulebina. weris Semdeg, istoria
gagvikveTa, mas mermed pawawina bavSvebma
Cveulebrivad ugalobes Tavisi ba, be, bi,
bo, bu. iq kidev, kuTxeSi xauzers cxvirzed
gaekeTebina saTvalebi, xelSi aeRo anbani
da bavSvebTan erTYad xma maRla imeorebda
imave ba, be, bu­s. etyoboda, rom isic did
mecadineobaSia. SeSfoTebisa gamo xmis kan­
kali damarToda da ise ucnaurad moismoda
imisi xma, rom Cven tirilic mogvdioda da
sicilica. ox, Cems dReSi ar damaviwydeba, is
ukanaskneli Cvenis swavlis dRe!...
uecrad dahkra saydris saaTma SuadRe,
amasTanave Cvenis fanjrebis win daigriala
samxedro musikis xmamac: prusielebis jars
gaeTavebina Tavisi swavla da modioda
mindvridam... ufali gameli gafiTrebuli
da fer mixdili Camovida kaTedridam. me
igi Tavis dReSi ar momCvenebia imodena
tanisad, rogorc im Jamad meCvena, TiTqo
tani aiyarao.
`megobarno!... gviTxra Cven: `megobarno....
me... me....
raRaca moawva gulzed, raRacam suli
SeuxuTa da sityva aRar daasrulebina.
maSin miubrunda kedelzed Camokidebuls
sawers ficars, aiRo xelSi meli, rac Zali
da Rone hqonda daaWira ficars meli da
uSvelebelis asoebiT es dawera:
`gaumarjos safrangeTsa!~
12 iveria
amis Semdeg Sedga, Tavi dahkida da kedels
mieyrdno. sxva aRara uTqvams ra, sityvis
ilaji aRara hqonda, mxolod xeliT gvaniSna:
`exla wadiT!... gasakveTi dasrulda!~
Cvenis istoriisaTvis masala.
(Semdegi) *)
iqmna mefed imerTa zeda solomon Ze arCilisa
da daipyro yovli imereTi, da iqmna didi
siyvaruli Soris mefisa da dadianisa. xolo
HJamsa mas mTavrobda guriasa Sina simon giorgi
gurielis Ze, da avxazTa Soris qelaiS ahmed beg
SarvaSiZe. Jamsa amas moiyvana meuRled grigori
dadianma saqarTvelosa da kaxTa mefis erekles
Svilis Svili nina, da amis Semdgomad wariyvana
meuRle Tvisi mefeman solomon mariam grigol
dadianis dai, da iyo mSvidoba da mxiaruleba amaT
Soris. gardavrdnili mefe daviT iyo TaTarTa
Soris axal-cixes da moica muniT Zali da
Camoiyvana ramdenime lekTa da TaTAarTa mxedroba
da movida imereTad da dasdga zoreTs. mcnobman
amisman axalman mefeman solomon Seikriba spani
imerelTani da mimarTa maT, da vinaTgan iyvnen
mcire mxedroba daviTisa, amisTvis Semoivles
sangarni da dadgen mas Sina. da vinaTgan ixiles
solomonisTa simcire maTi ar darides simagresa
sangrisasa da Seutives imerTa, maSin gamovida
sangridaman simon abaSiZe nikolaozis Ze, romeli
axlda daviT mefesa vinaTgan iyo siZe misi, da
daudga Setevebulsa simagresa. maSin mimarTa ra
mebairaxeman mefisa solomonisaman, gardmoagdo
mebairaxe da wariRo bairaxi mefisa da dasca Tavsa
sangrisa maTisasa da odes ixiles ese imerTa
ukuniqcnen da ivltoden imerni da sdevden TaTarni
da lekni, da romelnime Seipyres, da romelnime
mohkles da gaemarjva daviTs mefesa. warmovida
mefe daviT da movida lomiasTxevs, da romelnime
imerni Seikribna, xolo solomon warvida
saCxeres sasaxlesa wereTlisasa, romel wereTeli
papuna da zurab didaT erTgulobda solomons, da
Jamsa amas mokvda wereTeli papuna. maSin mun
myofman solomon mefeman sTxova Sewevna
saqarTveloisa mefesa iraklis, papasa Tvissa, da
colis Zmasa Tvissa grigori dadiansa, da
______________
*) dasawyisi # 5-Sia.
# 6.
warmoavlina irakli mefeman Svilis Svili Tvisi
ioane spiTa Sesawevnelad solomonisa, xolo
grigori dadiani aqeT spiTa TvisiTa. movida ra
sazRvarsa imereTisasa mefis-Ze ioane, miegeba
solomon mefe da mouxden daviTs da qmnes brZola
daiotes daviT, da aqiT movida grigor dadiani
didisa spiTa da aRiRo quTaTisi gamagrebuli
daviT mefisagan. maSin Sekrben spani saqarTveloisa
mefisani da dadianisani, da daipyres yoveli
imereTi da miaTvales kvalad mefesa solomons da
warviden mefis-Ze ioane da grigol dadiani
saxlad maTdad gamarjvebulni, xolo
ltolvilman daviTman verRa iSovna visganme
Sewevna, da movida kvalad imereTad, morCil eqmna
solomon sabatoniSvilo da scxovrobda mun,
daegnen mSvidobiT ramodensame Jamsa da
scxovrobden sixarulisa kma-yofilni. garna
borot mohazreTa kacTa, romelni uTanxmoebisa
gamo hangarebiTa sargeblobden kvalad qmnes
aRreuleba Soris mefisa da dadianisa, da iqmna
ganxeTqileba. Jamsa amas iyo did SemZle kaci yma
dadianisa geloani qaixosro, romeli mouraobda
leCxums da mZlavrebda odiSsaca. ese midrka
grigol dadianis erT-gulebisagan da miibara Zma
grigori dadianisa manuCar, moiyena mefe
solomon wereTlisa gamo, amisTvis romel zurab
wereTelisa Zmis-wuli yavda colad qaixosros
geloanis Zesa da zurab wereTeli Jamsa mas
pirvelobda srulsa imereTsa zeda. da ese viTariTa
SeTqmulebiTa gardaagdes dadiani grigol da
qmnes dadianad manuaCar, da grigol warvida
samurzayano afxazT Soris da iyo mun. Jamsa amas
myofman imereTsa Sina mefed yofilman daviT
imoqmeda axal-cixes da STamoiyvana lekni da
mierTda maTda da moviden maxloblad quTaisisa.
aqaT mefeman solomon Seikribna spani imereTisani
da ganmagrda quTaTis da moiwvia Sesawevnelad
dadiani manuCar da movida quTais odiS leCxumiTa
spiTa, sada pirvelobda qaixosro gelovani odiS
leCxumTa Soris. Jamsa amas Sekrben samurzayano
avxazni Sesawevnelad grigol dadianisa, vinaTgan
ixiles mflobeli maTi ganZebuli usamarTlod,
warmoemarTnen da daibanakes marsils maxlobelad
banZisa. msmeneli amisi mefe solomon da dadiani
manuCar uRono iqmnen, aqiT lekis spiTa daviT,
xolo aqaT avxaziTa grigori dadiani. garna
uRono-qmnilTa moipoves ese warsamarTebeli
saqme, wavida leCxumis jariTa qaixosro geloani
da warmoitana moyvare Tvisi qaixosro wereTeli,
# 6. iveria
Zmis-wuli zurab wereTlisa ramodenime imerelisa
spiTa da daesxa RamiT marsils afxazTa da gaiqcen
afxazni da didiTa alafiTa savse. vidremdis
scnobda daviT mefe dabanakebuli maxlobelad
quTaTisa, munemdis mivida gelani ukmo-qceuli
quTaTis, xolo dadiani grigol kvalad warvida
afxazeTs. msmeneli ama saqmisa daviT moklebul
iqnma Zalisa, verRa ebrZola quTaTis solomons
da manuCars gamagrebulTa, warmovida muniT,
gamovlo imereTi da mivida maTxojis da daibanaka
mun. xolo erTi beladi lekisa saxeliT durmama
Tvisisa sabeladoTi dasdga zemoT darRveulsa
nasaydrsa zeda. maSin miesma hanbavi solomons,
romel saqarTveloisa mefesa erekles war-
mougzavnia Svili Tvisi aleqsandre spiTa da
artileriiTa Sesawevnelad solomonisa, vina-
Tgan eTxovna amas Sewevna papisa TvisisaTvis.
msmeneli amisi mefe solomon mxiarul iqmna,
miegeba biZasa Tvissa aleqsandres, erekles Zesa,
da SeerTden spani saqarTvelo, imereTisa, odiS-
leCxumisa, da mividen maxlobelad maTxojisa da
daibanakes mun. xolo daviTman simcirisa gamo
Semoivlo sangari da ganmagrda mas Sina, movida
daviTTana grigori dadiani da grigor warvida
afxazeTs qelaiS-ahmed-begisaTana, raTa muniT
moices Zali da daviT iyo maTxojs gamagrebuli.
xolo solomon mefe, da dadiani manuCar, da
aleqsandre saqarTvelos mefis Ze idgnen naxa-
xulevs raodensame Jamsa. xolo dadiani grigol
misruli qelaiS-ahmed-begisa Tana mTxovelsa
misca qelaiS-ahmed-begman Sewevna da warmoyva
afxazT spiTa da moviden xibuls da dasdgen mun.
garna aqaT misces TeTri ramodenime zemoT
xsenebuls durmama belads da ganudga daviTs da
danaSTomTa lekTa Semoadgen zemoxsenebuliTa
spiTa, mefe solomon. dadiani manuCar da lekni
sangrid-gamo ibrZoden Zlierad, da simon
abaSiZe yovels Jams qebuli mamacobasa Sina
ibrZoda gareT sangrisa mxilvelTa gasa-
cvifreblad, da mas-Tana leki erTi saxelovani
saxelad amirxan. garna ver daudga simcire
simravlesa da ivltoden daviT da mxleni misni
lekni, da warmoviden odiSiT da moviden xibulas,
sad iyvnen dabanakebulni qeleS-begi da grigori
dadiani. mxilveli amisi qelaiS-ahmed-begi
SeSinda da ukun-iqca kvalad afxazeTad, da daviT,
da grigor dadiani warviden foTs. grigori
Tvisis meuRliT dasdga foTs, xolo daviT
warvida Tvisis mxle lekiTa axal-cixes, da mciris
13
xanisa Semdgomad daviT gardaicvala axal-cixes
yvavilisa seniTa. xolo grigori dadiani
raodenisame Jamisa Semdgomad verRa dasdga foTs
da meuRle Tvisi warmogzavna odiSad da miabara
Zmasa Tvissa Wyondidel mitropolits besarions
da TviT warvida axal-cixes. xolo odiSs iyo cixe
WaqviTisa gamagrebuli mxeiZis petre beJanis
Zisagan, da leCxums muri gasviani xosiasagani, da
erT-guleba biZa Tvisi giorgi grigol dadiansa,
vinaTgan zrdida Svilsa missa leons, biZa Tvisi
giorgi. da amaT garda daipyra yoveli samengrelo
samTavro manuCar dadianma da mTavrobda. Jamsa
amas gardaicvala gurieli simon da iqmna
gurielad Ze misi mcir-wlovani mamia. garna
mourneobda deda misi da dai zemoGT xsenebulisa
zurab wereTlisa marina, da biZa Tvisi qaixosro
gurielis Ze. maSin SeiSura biZaman misman vaxtang
gurielis Zeman da mibirebiTa mefisaTa miuRo
mamias gurieloba, da esreT mefisa gamo xan igi
miuRebda gurielobas da xan igi, garna Semdgomad
daSTa mamias da mTavrobs awmyosa Jamsaca. garna
Jamsa amas didaT ekirTeboden TaTarni guriasa da
awuxebden moxdomiTa, kacis kvliTa da waryvaniTa
tyveTaTa, kninRa da yoveli guria aRixoca,
romelnime TaTarTa miyavda da romelnime
ganibninen imereTad Tu odiSad. Tuca gurulni
mamacad da mxned brZoden mravalsa xocden da
Seipyrobden da amarcxebden, garna simravlisa-
gamo TaTarTa ver-ekmaven gurulni. xolo axal-
cixes myofman grigol dadianma vera raime hpova
Sewevna, da muniT warvida saqarTvelod erekle
mefisa Tana, da simamrisa Tvisisa mefis Zis
giorgisaTana, garna ver miiRo verca muniT
Tvisis sawadisa kma-yofa da warmoatana mefeman
ereklem Svili Tvisi aleqsandre, da Svilis Svili
Tvisi ioane raTa izrunos mefeman imereTisaman
solomon TxovisaTvis papisa da qmnes mSvidoba
grigorisa da manuCarisa Soris da moviden quTais.
garna vera raisa saqmisa gardamwyvetelni mefis
Zeni warviden qarTls, da grigol dadiani
colSviliTa TvisiTa iyo mefisa Tana imereTs da
izrdeboda da ara swadioda mefesa mTavroba
grigolisa aramed manuCarisa, da mravlisa
Txovnisa da xvewnisa Semdgomad scna ra WeSmariti
grigorim, romel mefe solomon ara marTliad
zraxavs mas da umetes mecadinobs dabrkolebasa,
amisTvis ezraxa biZasa Tvissa giorgi dadianis
Zesa, raTa man gardmoibiros grigolis erT-
gulebisadmi qaixosro geloani. amisaTvis
14 iveria
imecadina giorgim dadianis Zem da miibara
geloani qaixosro, da mouwoda grigols Tvissa
sasaxlesa Sina nojixevs. warmovida RamiT malviT
grigori quTaTisiT da movida nojixevs biZisa
Tvisisa giorgisaTana, warmouZRva biZa Tvisi da
moviden cixesa zeda giorgi dadianis Zisasa noRas
da imyofeboden mun. xolo meuRle grigor
dadianisa saqarTvelos mefis asuli nina
wariyvanes RamiT malviT da miiyvanes leCxums.
moegeba qaixosro geloani da yovelni leCxumni
da misces piri erT-gulebisa qrmisa Tvisisa
grigor dadianisa. xolo grigor dadianma biZisa
Tvisisa giorgis cixes noRas myofman Semoikriba
spani imereTisani, miegeba manuCar, grigor
dadianis Zma spiTa odiSisaTa, warmoemgzavren da
moviden noRas da daebargen legercames gaRmiT
cixisa, magram radganac grigor dadiani da
giorgi biZa misi idgen mamacad da mxned da
daamarcxes wasrulni jarn mefisani iqiT aqaT
grigoris da giorgisTa. amisTvis veRar SemarTa
mefeman da moigona ese ara msgavsieri saqme: iwyo
laparaki grigorisTana da biZisa misisaTana,
modiT CamTana quTaTis da iq miiTvale dadianoba.
ama azrsa zeda neba-sca grigorim dadianma, da
ganizraxa mefeman odes movals quTais CemTana
grigor movklav da biZasa missa da anu Sevipyrob,
da ama hazriTa warvida mefe quTais. TumcaRa
icoden grigorma da biZaman misman,. romel
cbierebs mefe da miyavs RalatisaTvis, garna
imamaces guli da Semdgomad ramodenisame dRisa
warviden esenica da mividen banZas. muniTgan
wargzavnes kaci da iTxoves momgebelad mir-
topolitni orni quTaTeli dosiTeos wereTeli,
genaTeli efTvimi guriis erisTvisZe, amasTan
saxlT-uxucesi wereTeli zurab, da wulukiZe
giorgi. moviden eseni banZas, waruZRven dadiansa
da mividen quTaTis sasaxlesa Sina quTaTlisasa,
da vinaTgan grZnobil-iyo maTgan Ralati mefisa,
grigor dadiani aRar STavida sasaxlesa mefisasa,
da biZa misi giorgi STavida mefisaTana sasaubroT,
da scna WeSmaritebiT romel gamzadebul-ars mefe
Ralatad da naxa damdgarni kacni. maSin warmovida
da movida grigorisaTana, uTxra cxadaT mefisagan
Ralati. maSin mswrafl aRmxedrda da warmoviden
da warmohyven zemo Tqmulni mitropolitebi da
Tavadni imerelTani, da mefeman verRa SemarTa
Ralatsa da dauteves ganbasrebuli da dadiani
movida xunws, da imerTa mRvdel-mTavarni da
# 6.
Tavadni ganutyva didiTa madlobiTa da warviden.
Semdgomad amisa warvida grigori dadiani
leCxumad, mun misvlasaTana moegeba leCxumis
mouravi geloani qaixosro da sruliad leCxumi,
misces fici dadiansa erT-gulebisa da cixeni
yoveni da daipyra dadianma sruliad leCxumi. mefe
vera-raisa Tvisis ganzraxvisa aRsrulebelman,
warmovida da movida ojalas, da daiwyo saubari
dadianisadmi mSvidobisa, eqidam warvida biZa
dadianisa giorgi da gelovani qaixosro da qmnes
dadianisa da mefisa Soris mSvidoba da warvida
mefe kvalad quTaTis. xolo dadianis Ze giorgi,
biZa dadianisa Seiqmna avaT Jamsa amas dRorisas,
moiyvanes giorgi zogiSs da gardaicvala mun
wels qristesis 1799, dekembersa 15. mcnobi amisi
dadiani grigol didaT mwuxare iqmna vinaTgan
moukvda saqmisa Tvisisa gamgebeli biZa,
warmoiRo didis pativiT da moasvena samarxosa
mama papaTa TvisTa da damarxa martvils
SesaferiTa pativiTa. xolo dadianma moimtkica
yoveli odiSari da iqmna dadianad da Zmasa missa
manuCars uboZa salipartiano da mun izrdeboda,
garda erTman-erTTana ara movidoden da arca
ixilviden urTi-erTTa, vinaTgan iyo Suri didi
Soris maTsa mefisa mier daTesili. Jam raodenime
flobda grigori samTavrosa Tvissa nebasa
Tvissa zeda, na mZlavrebda yovels odiS leCxumsa
kvalad geloani qaixosro. amisTvis vera
momTmenelman geloanis qaixosros saqci-
elisagan grigori dadianma geloani qaixosro
gords, da umetesad Semoimtkica grigori
dadianma odiS leCxumi, da yoveli mimdgomi
qaixosro geloanisa daamdabla: iyvnen Jam
raodenme siyvarulsa zeda mefe solomon da
dadiani grigori. garna mefeman ara dauteva
Tvisi ganzraxva da swadoda Tvisad dapyroba odiS
leCxumisa, amisTvis kvalad miibira Zma grigor
dadianisa manuCar da warmoemarTa grigorsa zeda
spiTa mravliTa imerel lekiTa, da gardaagdo
grigori da qmna dadianad manuCar.
(Semdegi iqneba).
gazeTebidam amokrefili ambebi
_ saxelmwifo sabWos gaduwyvetia saqme Tavnzed.
sargeblis aRebis Taobazed. amboben, kanonad
daudvia, rom sargeblis raodenoba sesxis micemis
# 6. iveria 15
da sesxis amRebis nebazed iqmneba damokidebulio. aleqsandre nikoloozis Zis saxe, Reneralis
_ ruseTSi melitopolis mazraSi ganuzraxavT garibaldisa, italiis ministris kaurisa,
imisTanave amxanagoba gamarTon puris Senaxvis italiis gamoCenilis mamulis Svilis maZZinisa
da sesxis Sesaxeb, rogorc fulis Sesaxeb soflis da sxvaTa. mravali sityva warmoiTqva Turme,
bankebia. am amxanagobisaTvis uwodebiaT: `ar- mravali sadRegrZelo dailia. garibaldisaTvis
sebiTi saWiroeba~. sagani am amxanagobisa is misalocavi telegramma gaugzavniaT.
aris, rom TvisTa wevrT moupovon gaWirebis dros
_ 1846 wlidam dawyobili 1870 wlamde saqar-
puri iafad da advilad. wesdebuleba SeudgeniaT,
ormocs kacs xeli mouweria da warudgeniaT TveloSi doRebi iyo ganwesebuli marbenalTa
finansT ministrisaTvis dasamtkiceblad. cxenTa sacdelad da jiSis gansakargeblad. 1870
_ evropiis umTavresTa qalaqTa Soris ai w. adgilobrivma mTavrobam mospo saqarTveloSi
doRebi, radganac aqauri cxenebis av-kargianobas
ramdeni suli ixoceba Turme ricxvTa Sua
mag doRebis dawesebiT ara daetyo ra. exla aqaurs
angariSiT erTs TveSi aTas sulzed: londonSi
_ 24 1/4; edinburgSi _18 3/4; glazgoSi _ 25 1/4; umaRles mTavrobas gaduwyvetia, rom doRebi
kvlav iqmnan saqarTveloSiao. am 1877 wels iqmneba
dublinSi _ 26, pariJSi _ 29, romSi _ 29, venaSi _
daniSnuli doRi. dro da adgili doRisa Tavis
26 briusselSi _ 21, berlinSi _ 25, gamburgSi _
drozed gamocxadebuli iqneba.
23, amsterdamSi _ 28, qristianiSi _ 22, breslavSi
_ 28, feStSi _ 38, turinSi _ 24, kopengagenSi _
_ bzibis (afxazeTSia) tyis Taobazed viRac
23, miunxenSi _ 34, neapolSi _ 30.
o. a. fon-lipxortsa winadadeba Seudgenia da
_ vitebskSi Semdgara `soflis meurnoeTa sa-
warudgenia erTs sazogadoebisaTvis ruseTSi,
zogadoeba~. am sazogadoebis sagani is aris, rom romelsac hqvian `Общество для содѢйствiя
meurnoeni erTmaneTs dauaxlovos, moumarTos русскому торговому мореходству~. fon-
xeli da warmatebas mihsces adgilobrivi miwaT- lihxorti ambobs Turme, rom bzibis tye 60,000
moqmedobis warmoeba, gaadvilos miwis mosavlis dRiuria, mSvenieri ram ariso, dRevandlamde uqmad
gasaReba da muSa xalxis mopoeba. wesdebuleba am devso da xazinas arafers sargebels ar aZlevso,
sazogadoebisa daumtkicebia kidec saxelmwifo maSin rodesaca mag tyes SeuZlian aTi aTasi
qonebaTa ministrsa. Tumani Semoutanos xazinasao, Tu ki xazina fon-
_ odesaSi qalaqis gamgeobas axali xarji lipxortisagan Setanils winadadebazed dadgebao.
SemouRia qalaqis mcxovrebTaTvisa. eg xarji eg sazogadoeba garda imisa rom tyes gaitans
gansazRrulia saxlis qiraobis fasis kvalobazed, samzRvarT gared, Tavis xomaldebsac gamarTavso
da edebaT mxolod saxlis qiriT damWerTa. Savis zRvis pirzed vaWrobis sasvleladao. rom
_ Svids martsa saxelovanis garibaldis am sazogadoebam Tavisi daniSnuleba aRasrulos,
lipxortis sityviT, eqvsi milionia saWiro, Tu
dabadebis dRe iyo. amisgamo odesaSi am dRes
mTavroba aTs Tumanzed xuTs maneTs sargebels
didi nadimi gaumarTavT odesaSi mcxovrebT
aRuTqvamso fulis patronTao.
italielTa da eg dRe udResaswaulniaT. meTauri
nadimobisa yofila italiis despani (konsuli)
kastelio. wveuleba hqoniaT erTs sastumroSi, es winadadeba fon-lipxortisa `Общество для
romelsac hqvian `CrdiloeTis sastumro~ содѢйствiя русскому торговому мореходства~-
(СѢверная гостинница). zala mdidrulad sa yuradRebis Rirsad ucvnia da gaduwyvetia rom
morTuli yofila mravalis yvavilebiTa, rusisa fon-lipxortis winad adeba warudginon dids
da italiis xalxis droSebiTa. kedlebzed mTavars, kavkasiis mTavar-mmarTebelsa.
amarTuli yofila xelmwife imperatoris _ mas Semdeg raki 17 aprilis 1874 wels
16
axalis Rerbis fuli dawesda zogierTi naymevTa
glexTa saqmis sasamarTloni (учережденiя по
крестьянскимъ дѢламъ) arzebs da saCivrebs
ubrunebdnen moCivarT Tu or abaziani marka ar
hqonda qaRalds. exla ki, gazeTebis sityviT,
Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs ausxnia, rom mag
sasamarTloebSi saqmis warmoeba srulad
Tavisuflad unda iqmnaso Rerbis fulisaganao.
_ inglisis gazeTSi iwerebian, rom am cotans
xanSi auqcioniT gaiyidao erTi muxis xis
seli (кресло), romelzedac Turme villiam
Seqspiri ijda, roca Tavis saxelovans dramebs
hswerda. TviTon seli ubralo ram ariso,
magram auarebeli xalxi moawyda sasyidlaTao da
gayidula ocda Svid TumnaT. aqav gayidula erTi
Zvelad nabeWdi Txzuleba Seqpirisa ass Tumnad.
redaqciisagan
zogjer mogvdis xolme werilebi, leqsebi
da sxva da sxva korrespondenciebi da damwerni
gvTxoven calke baraTiT vacnoboT davbeWdavT Tu
ara gamogzavnilTa werilTa da sxv. radganac am
baraTebis weras dro unda da amas garda arc raime
sasargeblo Sedegi mohsdevs, amisaTvis Cven
varCieT pasuxi SevuTvaloT Cvenis gazeTis piriT
im mweralTa, romelT nawersac ver davbeWdavT.
pirvels SemTxvevaSi Cvens pasuxs vugzavniT
Semdeg gvamTa:
1) `quTaTurs~ _ Tqveni werili `iveriaSi~
ar daibeWdeba. mag gvars uTav-bolo da deba:
gamousadegars sagans, romelsac Tqven gvauwyebT,
`iveriaSi~ adgili ar eqmneba aras dros. `iveria~ Tlisa. fasi erTi Sauri.
kerZo piris wadils ar emsaxureba.
2) mRvdels s. b s._ _ Tqvenis Txzulebis gamocema pirveli. fasi Svidi Sauri.
dabeWvdis pirobas ver gaZlevT, imitom rom
TviTon Txzuleba ar gamogigzavniaT. Tumca
iveria # 6.
dagvisaxeleT is gvami, romelsac, Tqvenis
sityviT, is Txzuleba unda gamovTxovoT, magram
arc dro gvaqvs ukan devnisaTvis da arc cnoba
Tqvengan dasaxlebulis gvamisa.
3) `uf. moglejilaZes~. _ Tqveni werili
da egred usabuTod laparaki zogierTis av-
zneobazed, iqneba zogierTisaTvis gamosadegi
iyos da ara `iveriisTvis~. Tu adamians hkicxavT,
misi sabuTi, saqme da namoqmedari gvauwyeT.
sxva gvar gankicxva, Cvenis fiqriT lanZRvaa da
lanZRvas Cvens gazeTSi adgili ara aqvs.
4) `konstantine gegiaZes~. _ Tqvenis weriliT
nauwyi ambavi ar `axalia Zvelia~. Tvali daakvirveT
Tqvens gareSemo cxovrebis mimdinareobas da rac
axali SesaniSnavi ram naxoT yvelasaTvis Rirs-
sacnobi, is gvauwyeT: sixaruliT davbeWdavT.
5) T. i. y _ s. _ Tqveni leqsi ver gavarCieT,
radganac cudis xeliT aris gadawerili da rac ki
gavarCieT vcaniT rom ulmobels beds TqvenTvis
poeziaSi adgili ar mouzomavs.
6) i. j. _ s. _ Tqveni werili usargeblod
didia. xalxis pativis dacva didi saqmea, magram
TviTonxalxis pativic ise didia, rom igi imiT
arc amaRldeba, rasac Tqven gvauwyebT. Tqven marto
am weriliT ar gicnobT: Tqveni mwerlobiTi
Rvawli cnobili gvaqvs. pasuxzed ar dagvemduroT
d Tqveni Sroma amis gamo ar mogvakloT.
gancxadeba
tfilisSi, yvela wignis maRaziebSi isyi­
gogia meCangure, legenda T. akaki were­
davriSiani, anu zRapruli moTxroba,

Дозволено цензкрою. Тифлис, 7 Апреля 1877 г. Тирография Е. Хеладзе. redaqtori da gamomcemeli ilia WavWavaZe.
sapolitiko da saliteraturo gazeT `iveriis~ ganmeorebiTi gamocemis proeqtisa da ideis avtori,
redaqtor-gamomcemeli nugzar WiaberaSvili
saredaqcio jgufi: neli darbaiZe, nino keratiSvili, nino SavaZe, nino glunCaZe, lali goCitaSvili, Tamuna dvali,
merab dvali, akaki iobaSvili. mxatvari, buba arabuli, dizaineri laSa Cxenkeli
proeqti: iveria _ warsulSi dabruneba _ momavlis gadasarCenad
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