Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
1
zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebi
saqarTveloSi zogadi ganaTlebis sistema miznad isaxavs Seqmnas xelsayreli pirobebi erovnuli
da zogadsakacobrio Rirebulebebis matarebeli, Tavisufali pirovnebis CamoyalibebisaTvis.
amasTan erTad ganaTlebis sistema uviTarebs mozards gonebriv da fizikur unar-Cvevebs,
aZlevs saWiro codnas, amkvidrebs jansaRi cxovrebis wess. moswavleebs uyalibebs liberalur
da demokratiul Rirebulebebze damyarebul samoqalaqo cnobierebas da exmareba maT ojaxis,
sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos winaSe sakuTari ufleba-movaleobebis gacnobierebaSi.
saqarTvelos zogadi ganaTlebis sistemaSi miRebuli gamocdilebis safuZvelze mozardma unda
SeZlos:
a) qveynis interesebis, tradiciebisa da Rirebulebebis mimarT sakuTari pasuxismgeblobis
gaazreba:
saskolo ganaTlebam unda ganuviTaros mozards unari, rom sworad gansazRvros sakuTari
qveynis saxelmwifoebrivi, kulturuli, ekonomikuri da politikuri interesebi da misces mas
sasikeTo gadawyvetilebaTa miRebisa da aqtiuri moqmedebis SesaZlebloba;
b) bunebrivi garemo pirobebis SenarCuneba da dacva:
mozardma unda icodes, ra bunebriv garemoSi cxovrobs, ra ziani SeiZleba miayenos garemos
adamianis ama Tu im moqmedebam, rogor SeinarCunos da daicvas bunebrivi garemo.
g) teqnologiuri Tu sxva inteleqtualuri miRwevebis efeqtianad gamoyeneba; informaciis
mopoveba, damuSaveba da analizi;
dRes, rodesac adamianisaTvis misawvdomia didi moculobisa da sxvadasxva Sinaarsis informacia,
misi efeqtianad gamoyenebis unari sasicocxlo mniSvnelobas iZens. mozards unda SeeZlos ara
mxolod informaciis mopoveba, aramed misi Sefasebac Sinaarsis, daniSnulebisa da xarisxis
mixedviT, dasaxuli miznebisaTvis misi gamoyenebis formebis gansazRvra; teqnologiuri miRwevebis
efeqtiani gamoyeneba yoveldRiuri cxovrebis, muSaobis, inteleqtualuri Tu sulieri moRvaweobis
pirobebis gasaumjobeseblad.
d) damoukideblad cxovreba, gadawyvetilebis miReba:
saskolo ganaTlebam unda ganuviTaros mozards pirad, ojaxur da sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi
damoukidebel gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis unar-Cvevebi;
e) iyos Semoqmedi, Tavad Seqmnas Rirebulebebi da ar icxovros mxolod arsebulis xarjze:
saskolo ganaTlebam unda uzrunvelyos mozardis im unar-Ccvevebis ganviTareba, romlebic
miscems mas saSualebas, ukve arsebuli gamocdileba da miRwevebi gamoiyenos axali materialuri,
inteleqtualuri Tu sulieri Rirebulebebis Sesaqmnelad;
v) sakuTari SesaZleblobebisa da interesebis uwyveti ganviTareba mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi
da maTi maqsimaluri realizeba rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise mis sazRvrebs gareTac;
saskolo ganaTlebam unda Camouyalibos mozards ganviTarebis, mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi
axali codnisa da Cvevebis damoukideblad SeZenis unari, raTa SeZlos sakuTari SesaZleblobebisa
da sulieri midrekilebebis adekvaturad gansazRvra da amis mixedviT sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi
sakuTari adgilis damkvidreba; mozardi mzad unda iyos arCevani gaakeTos momavali ganaTlebisa
da SromiTi saqmianobisaTvis.
z) komunikacia individebTan da jgufebTan:
saskolo ganaTlebam unda uzrunvelyos, rom sazogadoebis momaval wevrebs ganuviTaros
zogadi sakomunikacio unar-Cvevebi (wera, kiTxva, metyveleba, mosmena), saorganizacio da jgufuri
muSaobis Cvevebi, maT Soris imaT, visTvisac saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ena mSobliuri ar aris;
T) iyos kanonmorCili, toleranti moqalaqe:
dRevandel dinamiur, eTnikurad da kulturulad mravalferovan samyaroSi sazogadoebis
funqcionirebisaTvis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens urTierTpativiscemis, urTierTgagebisa
da urTierTSemecnebis Cvevebi. skolam unda gamoumuSaos mozards adamianis uflebebis dacvisa
da pirovnebis pativiscemis unari, romelsac igi gamoiyenebs sakuTari da sxvisi TviTmyobadobis
SesanarCuneblad. mozards unda SeeZlos adamianis arsebiTi uflebebis Sesaxeb miRebuli
Teoriuli codnis ganxorcieleba da am principebiT cxovreba.
2004 wlis 18 oqtomberi
2
Tsisana Burdiladze-Lezhava
inglisuri ena
V-VI klasi
maswavleblis wigni
cisana burdilaZe-leJava
© c. burdilaZe-leJava
English - V-VI.
Teacher’s book.
Tsisana Burdiladze-Lezhava
© Ts. Burdiladze-Lezhava
ISBN: 9789941802355
4
sarCevi
Sesavali 6
Sesatyvisoba erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan.
Sinaarsisa da miznebis matrica. V klasi 8
Sesatyvisoba erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan.
Sinaarsisa da miznebis matrica. VI klasi 13
saswavlo masalis wardgenis fazebi. 17
gakveTilis dagegmva. 18
sanimuSo gakveTilis scenari. 19
komentarebi moswavlis wignTan dakavSirebiT. 28
Sefasebis formebi da rekomendaciebi. 31
moswavlis wignis, moswavlis rveulis
savarjiSoebisa da testebis pasuxebi. 32
5
saxelmZRvaneloebis seriis koncefcia
6
Sesavali
dawyebiTi safexuris pirveli ucxouri enis ,,inglisuri enis V klasis
saxelmZRvanelo’’erTiani erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli ucxouri
enis standartis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad aris Sedgenili. erTiani erovnuli
saswavlo gegmiT inglisuri enis swavla gaTvaliswinebulia eqvsi mimarTulebiT:
mosmena, kiTxva, wera, laparaki, kulturaTa dialogi da swavlis swavla.
saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili masala mizanad isaxavs dawyebiTi safexuris
moswavleebs Seaswavlos inglisuri ena da ganuviTaros maT inglisur enaze mosmenis,
kiTxvis, werisa da laparakis, praqtikuli unar-Cvevebi. aseve miznad isaxavs wlis
bolos standartiT gaTvaliswineuli V klasis daZlevas.
saxelmZRvanelos meTodika da Tematika iTvaliswinebs mSobliuri qveynis
kulturis, msofliosa da Sesaswavli enis qveynebis kulturuli faseulobebis
Seswavlas.
gramatikuli sakiTxebisa da leqsikuri erTeulebis swavla xdeba aseve
praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebasTan erTad.
saxelmZRvaneloSi gaTvaliswinebulia moswavleTa interesebi, maTi gonebrivi
SesaZleblobani, asakobrivi Taviseburebani, dawyebiTi safexuris mesame donis, V
klasis ucxouri enis standartis Tanamedrove moTxovnebi, romlis Sesabamisad
dawyebiTi safexurze V klasSi ucxouri enis swavleba unda mimdinareobdes
xalisianad da SemoqmedebiTad. moswavlem unda SeZlos miRebuli codnis
praqtikaSi gamoyeneba, moswavlem unda Seiyvaros is ena da im qveynis kultura,
romlis enasac igi eufleba. swavlebis meTodikam unda gaiTvaliswinos moswavleTa
fsiqikuri ganviTarebis Taviseburebebi da gamoiyenos swavlebis Sesabamisi
xerxebi. saxelmZRvanelo Tavisi SinaarsiT SesaZleblobas aZlevs maswavleblebs
SemoqmedebiTad ganaviTaron swavlebis komunikaciuri da interaqciuli meTodebi.
dawyebiTi safexuris pirveli ucxouri enis ,,inglisuri enis V klasis
saxelmZRvanelo’’ Sedgeba 3 wignisa da kompaqt-diskisagan.
saxelmZRvanelo Semadgeneli nawilebia:
1. moswavlis wigni (Pupil’s Book);
2. moswavlis rveuli (Workbook);
3. maswavleblis wigni (Teacher’s Book);
4. kompaqt-diski maswavlebelTaTvis (CD).
moswavlis wigni
moswavlis wigni Sedgeba 25 Tematuri erTeulisagan (25 Units), maT Soris,
25-eTematuri erTeuli (Unit 25 - Revision), eTmoba naswavli masalis gameorebas.
moswavlis wignSi masala feradi ilustraciebiT aris gaformebuli. wigni moicavs
84 gverds. wigns Tan erTvis inglisur - qarTuli leqsikoni.
moswavlis wignSi warmodgenili saxaliso masalebi (leqsebi, simRerebi, martivi
dialogebi, enis gasatexebi, mcire zomis teqstebi, moTxrobebi, zRaprebi, TamaSebi,
da sxva), saSualebas aZlevs moswavles aiTvisos leqsika, mravalferovani enobrivi
struqtura. moswavles saSualeba eZleva xalisianad ivarjiSos rogorc enobriv
unar-Cvevebze (mosmena, kiTxva, wera, laparaki), ise enobriv struqturaze (leqsika,
gramatika) calkeuli savarjiSoebi da aqtivobebi sruldeba individualurad,
gundurad (mcire jgufebad) an mewyvilesTan erTad.
moswavlis wignSi TiToeuli aqtivoba (savarjiSo) warmodgenilia pirobiTi
niSnebiT: mousmineT, isaubreT, waikiTxeT, dawereT, imRereT, iTamaSeT.
moswavlis wignSi mocemuli savarjiSoebis pasuxebi ixileT maswavleblis
wignSi.
7
moswavlis rveuli
moswavlis rveulSi warmodgenili 24 Tematuri erTeulis savarjiSoebi da
aqtivobebi, Sesatyviseba moswavlis wignSi mocemul masalas. wigni 113 gverds
moicavs. masSi warmodgenili savarjiSoebi, moswavleebs saSualebas miscems
damoukidebelad Seasrulon saSinao davalebebi, srulyon rogorc leqsikuri,
aseve enobriv-gramatikuli unar-Cvevebi.
moswavlis rveuli Sedgeba sxvadasxva saxis savarjiSosa (daasrule
winadadebebi, Seusabame, daalage winadadebebi logikuri TanmimdevrobiT da sxva)
da mosmenis aqtivobisagan (moismine da gaimeore, moismine da Tqvi, moismine da
aRniSne, moismine da daimaxsovre da sxva), romelic maswavleblis winaswari axsna-
ganmartebiT moswavleebma audioCanaweris gamoyenebiT saxlSi unda Seasrulos.
moswavlis rveulSi yoveli Tematuri erTeulis (unit) dasrulebis Semdeg
mocemulia rgolebi (My work is...), romlebSic moswavle garkveuli qulebiT afasebs
mis codnas,xolo maswavlebeli (My teacher says...) moswavles Sesrulebuli samuSaos
Sesabamisadafasebs. aseve yoveli rva gakveTilis Semdeg mocemulia (self-assessment)
TviTSefasebisa da (joint-assesment) TanaSefasebis sqemebi, romlebsac moswavle da
maswavlebeliavseben. kiTxvars moswavleebi damoukideblad pasuxoben, Sedegebi
ki gansazRvravs, Tu ra codnas miaRwies, ra uWirT an ra ician. TviTSefasebis
kiTxvaris sistematuri gamoyeneba da Sedegis maswavlebelTan ganxilva moswavles
mocemuli masalis codnas ganumtkicebs.
maswavlebelma sistematurad unda Seamowmos ramdenad emTxveva moswavlis
TviTSefaseba realur mdgomareobas. wignis bolos mocemulia Progress Tests,
romelic sami testisgan Sedgeba. TiToeuli testi moicavs rva Tematur erTeuls
(moswavlis Semajamebeli SefasebisaTvis).
moswavlis rveulSi mocemuli savarjiSoebisa da testebis pasuxebi ixileT
maswavleblis wignSi.
maswavleblis wigni
maswavleblis wignSi warmodgenilia: Sesavali, dawyebiTi safexuris mesame donis,
Sinaarsisa da miznebis matrica, saswavlo masalis wardgenis fazebi, gakveTilis
dagegmva, sanimuSo gakveTilis scenari, detaluri komentarebi moswavlis wignTan
dakavSirebiT, Sefasebis formebi da rekomendaciebi, savarjiSoebi da testebis
pasuxebi. wignis moculoba 42 gverdia. TiToeuli Tematuri erTeulis (unit)
aTvisebas ZiriTadad 4-5 akademiuri saaTi unda daeTmos.
maswavlebelma gakveTili wignSi warmodgenili standartis Sesabamisad unda
dagegmos. wignSi me-16 Temis (unit 16- Jobs) magaliTze warmodgenilia sanimuSo
gakveTilis Sinaarsi, romelSic meToduri rekomendaciebia mocemuli. me-16 Temis
(Jobs) sanimuSo scenari, romelic maswavlebels sxva danarCeni gakveTilebis
dagegmvaSi daexmareba.
gakveTili Sedgeba Semdegi nawilebisgan: mosmena, kiTxva, wera, laparaki.
TiToeul gakveTilSi mocemuli leqsikuri da gramatikuli masala xels Seuwyobs
oTxive nawilis enobrivi unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas. aseve, xels Seuwyobs enobrivi
sistemebis swavleba - ganmtkicebas.
saxelmZRvaneloSi gamoyenebuli meTodika individualur, gundur da wyvilebad
muSaobis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas iTvaliswinebs, rac gulisxmobs saswavlo
wlis bolos moswavleebis mier evrostandartis A2 donis aTvisebasa da daZlevas.
maswavlebelma, wignSi mocemuli savarjiSoebis Sesruleba, SesaZloa
moswavleebs saxlSi Sesasruleblad daavalos (Tu gakveTilisTvis gankuTvnili
dro sakmarisi ar iqneba), magram moswavleebs aRniSnul savarjiSosTan
dakavSirebiT axsna-ganmarteba unda mieceT.
aqvea mocemuli indikatorebi (maCveneblebi), romlebic gviCvenebs, miaRwies
Tu ara moswavleebma sasurvel Sedegs.
8
saxelmZRvanelos Sesatyvisoba erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan
V klasis Sinaarsisa da miznebis matrica
kvireuli saaTi _ 3, wliuri _ 105
9
January, February, (Revision): Compera- ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
March, April, May, tives: adjective+er; ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
June, July, August, +est: warmer, warm- 9,10
September, October, est. ucx. I.(II).11, 12
What’s
Unit Novemer, December, good, better, best; ucx. I.(II).13, 14
the 4
5 month, date, orchard, bad, worse, worst;
date?
vine, celebrate, ripe, many-much, more,
yard, agree, grapes. most. (Revision):
What’s the date? Ordinal numbers.
north, south, east, Directions: north, ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
Georgia, west, earth, compass, south, east, west; ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
direction, cross, state, northern, southern, 9,10
Unit the UK district, range, bridge, eastern, western. ucx. I.(II).11, 12
6 5 ucx. I.(II).13, 14
and the coast, church, resort, Which part…?
USA cliff, world.
In short. That’s why.
ache, allergic, flu, (Revision): ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
headache, earache, have got: ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
toothache, backache I have got …… 9,10
dust, stomach-ache, He/she has got….. ucx. I.(II).11, 12
ucx. I.(II).13, 14
pill, handkerchief, Modal: must.
Unit Are you medicine, dentist, Why?... Because…
7 healthy? 4
care, need, X-ray, What do you need? I
wealthy, drop, cough, need….
chemist, temperature. What does he/
At the same time. she need? He/She
What’s the matter with needs…
you? I’d love to.
computer, project, (Revision): Cardinal ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
programme, glue, im- Numbers 10 – 100. ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
portant, scissors, infor- (Revision): 9,10
mation, paper, photo, can /can’t. ucx. I.(II).11, 12
Can you ucx. I.(II).13, 14
plan, camera, nowa- Prepositions of direc-
Unit use a
3 days, office, labora- tion: up, down.
8 comput-
tory, factory, (Revision): How
er?
bank, hospital, stick, many / How much;
type. countables and
How stupid you are. uncountables:
Leave me alone. a lot of…….
wardroab, cupboard, (Revision): ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
bedside, ashtray, car- There is/There are. ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
pet, mirror, mug, Modal verb: 9,10
curtain, cooker, bin, may / mustn’t. ucx. I.(II).11, 12
ucx. I.(II).13, 14
sausepan, washbasin, Prepositions of
Unit This is bath, plant, middle, place: between,
9 our flat 4 left, right, among, among, opposite, in
between. On the front of;
ground / first floor Which+noun.
(in England); on the
first/ second floor
(in Georgia).
On the left/right.
10
cinder, stepmother, Past simple of regu- ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
stepsister, daughter, lar and ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
rag, widow, young, irregular verbs. 9,10
nickname, comfort, Synonyms and ucx. I.(II).11, 12
Cinder-
Unit marry, clumsy, ugly, antonyms. ucx. I.(II).13, 14
ella
4 sigh, ball, palace,
10 dare, silk, scrub.
(Part I)
Once upon a time.
That is how…
What about me?
Cinder- godmother, mice, Modal: ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
ella pumpkin, coach, Plural of nouns: ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
coachman, burst, mouse-mice; 9,10
Unit
(Part II) amazing, suddenly, caochman- ucx. I.(II).11, 12
4 ucx. I.(II).13, 14
11 midnight, slipper. coachmen;
In a moment. foot -feet.
At that time.
maiden, prince, fair, Modal verb: ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
minister, tiny, sound, must/mustn’t ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
Cinder- stair, fast, gold, only. Adjectives: 9,10
Unit
ella Let me try it on. fair, tiny. ucx. I.(II).11, 12
4 ucx. I.(II).13, 14
12 What does it matter?
(Part III) He was in love with
her.
chips, rice, salad, Past simple of ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
roast, toast, sausage, have: had ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
appetite, mashed, res- I had salad for din- 9,10
taurant, slice, tray, ner. ucx. I.(II).11, 12
Unit We had ucx. I.(II).13, 14
chips for 4 diet, upstairs, voice, He/She had chips for
13 lunch low, sleepy, knock, lunch.
carefully, kebab. Prepositions:
How strange. for, of.
Lay the table.
news, quiz, cartoon, (Revision):
ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
serial, space, wave, Present Simple: ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
cinema, channel, mag- I like….. I hate….. 9,10
azine, comedy, dem- I don’t mind….. ucx. I.(II).11, 12
Unit What’s onstration, own, I dislike…. ucx. I.(II).13, 14
on TV? 4 classical, different, Prepositions:
14 cameraman, horror, for, about.
musical, information. What’s on TV?
What’s on channel
one? As for me.
statue, jewellery, vase, (Revision): ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
painting, bone, Past simple of be: ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
sculpture, object, trea- was / were. 9,10
Unit We were sure, skeleton, Comperatives: ucx. I.(II).11, 12
at the ucx. I.(II).13, 14
4 gobelin, stone, silver, more+adjective.
15 museum expensive, together, Superlatives: the
excavate, carve, most+adjective.
ceramics, ancient. Past passive:
It was founded.
11
businessman, driver, (Revision): ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
policeman, postman, Present simple. ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
fireman, artist, poet, What are you? 9,10
secretary, customer, What do you do? ucx. I.(II).11, 12
Unit ucx. I.(II).13, 14
shop assistant, soldier, What’s your job?
Jobs 4 farmer, musician, coin, Past continuous:
16 fighter, brave, trading, I was working.
exellent,poet, He/She was crying.
leather, traiding, They were running.
bartering.
athletics, running, (Revision): ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
jumping, skating, I am good at…. ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
snowboarding, skiing, He/She is good at.. 9,10
sledding / sledging We are good at… ucx. I.(II).11, 12
ucx. I.(II).13, 14
sledge, gymnastics, a pair of….
What’s event, pair, mitten, Adjectives:
Unit your fa-
4 helmet, pole, anorak, dry, wet.
17 vourite thick, thin, swan, knot, Adverbs of frequen-
sport? hero, pain, winner, cy: always, usually,
neighbour, thin, thick, often, sometimes,
apologize, harm. never
What’s your favourite?
12
fog, foggy, mild, raw, (Revision): Word ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
climate, seldom, building of adjectives: ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
island, conversation, fog – foggy; 9,10
evegreen, generally, sun – sunny; ucx. I.(II).11, 12
Unit same, without, keep. rain – rainy. ucx. I.(II).13, 14
Weather 4 The same kind of… What’s the weather
21
For a long time. like today?
All the year round. It’s hot today.
It’s foggy. It snows.
Adverb: nowhere.
salt-grinder, beard, (Revision):
dwarf, sheet, deep, Why?... Because… ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
handstand, mean, Prepositions:
9,10
Why the trudge, greedy, ham, through, with. ucx. I.(II).11, 12
Unit sea is cartwheel, below, Adverbs of degree: ucx. I.(II).13, 14
salty 5 through, trust, notice, nearly, hardly, very.
22 disappear, salty, mill,
(Part I) deep, seem, grind.
For money. Why on
earth would I? Three
times. Once a year.
wife, husband, life, Adverbs of degree: ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
barely, delicious, barely, proudly. ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
cheap, complain, Coordinating 9,10
Why the proudly, jealous, conjunctions: ucx. I.(II).11, 12
ucx. I.(II).13, 14
Unit sea is turkey, excited, and, but, or, etc.
salty 5 puzzle. How lovely. Subordinating
23 They did their best. conjunctions: that,
(Part II) Work hard. They barly as … as, until, if,
made ends meet. Give because, as…as:
a kiss. Any longer; no She was as kind as
longer. her husband.
steal, sail, valuable, What happened? ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
enough, sink, drown, (Revision): many, ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
sack, shout, stupid. much. 9,10
Why the ucx. I.(II).11, 12
Unit sea is The grinder carried on Adverbs of degree:
ucx. I.(II).13, 14
salty 5 and on. enough, too.
24 Who is it? It’s me (him, (Revision):
(Part III) her) Imperativs: possitive
and nagative.
13
Test I; sami trimestris gan-
Progress
3 Test II; mavlobaSi
tests: moswavle asrulebs 3
Test III;
tests, azustebs
codnis dones.
VI klasi
14
pineapple, lettuce, (Revision): ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
maize, cauliflower, How many….? ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
aubergine,n rast, How much….? 9,10
turkey, corn, dream Where…..? ucx. I.(II).11, 12
Unit Thanks- ucx. I.(II).13, 14
giving 5 catcher, How much did it
7 tread, bead, wrap, cost?
Day
stripe, web How much was it?
How much were
they?
silly, wade, drown, Indefinite pronouns: ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
The six deep, miss, no, nobody, none, ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
Unit traveller (BrE.), none of… no one, 9,10
8 sillies 4 ucx. I.(II).11, 12
(part I) traveler (AmE.) nothing.
ucx. I.(II).13, 14
Who’s missing?
forget, wizard, mean, Indefinite pronouns: ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
Unit The six solve problem, no, nobody, none, ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
sillies 4 ride away, wrong, none of… no one, 9,10
9 ucx. I.(II).11, 12
(part I) How could that be nothing.
ucx. I.(II).13, 14
pine tree, spruce tree, Special questions: ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
oak tree, lime tree, who, what, whete, ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
beech tree, reed, force who(m), how, 9,10
deer,wild boar, snail How long did you ucx. I.(II).11, 12
ucx. I.(II).13, 14
squirrel, lizard, plant, travel?
Unit In the harsh,damp, swamp,
10 4 no value, dangerous,
wood
stem, swiftly, bend,
pull off, yoke, reply,
log, rafter, cradle,
fear, juddge,
I want smb.to do smth.
blueberry, cranberry to be going to ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
What are blackberry, raspberry ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
unit strawberry, tracksuit. 9,10
you go-
11 4 we; lington, safe, ucx. I.(II).11, 12
ing ucx. I.(II).13, 14
to do? goody, sauce, deli-
cious
weapon, pottery, hut, Passive voice: ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
sword, iron, eool, Something is made ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
arrival, humans, of smth. 9,10
Stone, Bronze, Iron ucx. I.(II).11, 12
unit The his- Ages, thatcg, roof, ucx. I.(II).13, 14
12 tory 5 conquer, century, tribe,
of Britain departure,
invesion, kingdom,
several, settler,invade
powerful, state, united.
bagpipe, tartan, kilt, Indefinite pronoun ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
barlay, cock-a-liik, one (ones) ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
unit prune, castle, salmon, 9,10
13 Scotland 5
loch, tune, wool, broth, ucx. I.(II).11, 12
ucx. I.(II).13, 14
pattern,
15
half (of), one third (of), Fractional numbers ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
unit two thirds, one quarter ½, 1/3, 2/3, ¼, ¾ ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
14 Ireland 5 (of), island, found, 9,10
priest, slave, bishop ucx. I.(II).11, 12
ucx. I.(II).13, 14
bulb, wreath, mistle- Relative pronouns: ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
toe, stocking, popcorn, who, who(m), ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
unit Christ- chimney, cheer, nut, whose, what, 9,10
15 4
mas carol, pudding, host, which, that. ucx. I.(II).11, 12
ucx. I.(II).13, 14
pork, congratulate,
ancient, express, spir- Reflexives and ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
it, lover, firework, emphatics: myself, ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
unit Valen- exciting, commercial, yourself, himself,
16 3 9,10
tine’ Day creat, produce, sand herself, ourselves, ucx. I.(II).11, 12
themselves ucx. I.(II).13, 14
fellow, called, fortune, Conditional I ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
sieve, well, oatcake, If it is cold we’ll stay ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
clay, carry, stupid, at home. 9,10
Jock and ucx. I.(II).11, 12
unit his bag- dish, seek, bake,
17 4 feather, enough, ucx. I.(II).13, 14
pipe
(part I) housekeeper, sweep,
ash, keep, hare, hang,
crippled
clog, go away, piece, Questions: general, ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
Jock and
unit pull, wing, marry, special, disjunctive, ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
his bag-
18 4 leave-left, arm, ever alternative. 9,10
pipe
after. ucx. I.(II).11, 12
(part II ucx. I.(II).13, 14
extra, day off, almost, Quantifiers: other, ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
believe, worship, spe- others, the others. ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
cial, \jewish, Hindus, 9,10
unit shape, size, fill, cream, ucx. I.(II).11, 12
19 Easter 4 ucx. I.(II).13, 14
hardboil, race, rill
down, beat, wineer,
willowbranch
unit Have 4 triangle, circle, cross, Present perfect: ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
20 you ever heart, star, square, I have never been ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
been to dot, flower, line, cen- to London. 9,10
Mtskhe- tre, religious, accept, ucx. I.(II).11, 12
ucx. I.(II).13, 14
ta? confluence, to move,
defend, invader, serve,
numerous,
monument, fortress,
to be found, acropolis,
significiant, dating,
millennium,
16
1. selling, adventure, Revision all learnt ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
marriage, success, gramatical rules. ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
scary, doorknocker, 9,10
frightencellar, lock, ucx. I.(II).11, 12
ucx. I.(II).13, 14
boarding school,
naughty, real, pain
angry with smb.
2.educator, major,
fairy, fiction, defense,
recognize, throw,
handful, attendant,
beg, bag pardon,
unit Reading
5 refuse, turban, dowry,
21 books battle, raging, valley,
side by side, brave
3.series,award-
winning, bestselling,
translate, lead, win,
husband, dinosaur,
whisk, cave, ninja,
secret, evil, warior,
earthquake, safety,
surround, escape,
terrify , bury, treasure.
17
Revision merrily, bow, throne, ucx.I.(II).1,2,3,4
The big- strange, proud, polish, ucx.I.(II).,5,6,7,8,
gest backwards, sow, 9,10
2 ucx. I.(II).11, 12
pumpkin Don’t mention it.
ucx. I.(II).13, 14
in the
wood
18
maswavlebeli mxolod mas Semdeg gadadis momdevno davalebaze, roca darwmundeba,
rom ZiriTadi masala gaigo da daZlia moswavleTa umetesobam. aRniSnuli fazis
dasasruls moswavleebma maswavleblis daxmarebis gareSe unda SeZlon naswavli
masalis gamoyeneba, werisa da laparakis aqtivobebSi da elementarul realur
cxovrebiseul situaciebSi.
4. mocemul etapze Sesasrulebeli samuSaoebis (mag.,SeusabameT sityvebi/
winadadebebi suraTebs, moismineT da upasuxeT da dawereT diax/ara. waikiTxeT da
SemoxazeT swori/ araswori, da a.S.) meSveobiT, moswavleebi ecnobian da euflebian
axal masalas ris Sedegadac maT uviTardebaT mosmenis, kiTxvis, werisa da laparakis
unar-Cvevebi.
5. bolo etapze Sesasrulebeli savarjiSoebi iseTi savarjiSoebia, rodesac
moswavle naswavl masalas praqtikulad iyenebs zepiri an weriTi komunikaciisaTvis.
am etapze moswavle ZiriTadi leqsikuri da gramatikuli masalis gamoyenebiT
mcire zomis dialogs, teqsts damoukideblad warmoadgens da maswavlebels,
Tanagundels, mewyviles SekiTxvebze swor pasuxs iZleva. gakveTilis am fazaze
maswavlebeli arkvevs ramdenad SeZles moswavleebma axali masalis aTviseba.
6. damoukidebeli samuSao.
damoukidebeli samuSao gulisxmobs saSinao davalebis micemas. amisaTvis
ki saTanado baza gakveTilis bolo etapze unda momzaddes. moswavleebs saxlSi
damoukidebeli muSaobisaTvis eZlevaT samuSao wignSi mocemuli savarjiSoebi
(Tumca maswavleblis Sexedulebisamebr SeiZleba zogierTi savarjiSos gakveTilzec
Sesruleba), romlebic xels uwyobs saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli axali masalis
xalisianad Seswavla-ganmtkicebas.
saswavlo masalis wardgenis fazebis Tanmimdevroba SemoqmedebiTma
maswavlebelma SeiZleba Secvalos, mocemul gakveTilze situaciis gaTvaliswinebiT.
aseve saintereso iqneba, Tu moswavleebi SeZleben sakuTari savarjiSoebebisa da
aqtivobebis meSveobiT Seqmnan axal resursebi. es ki xels Seuwyobs moswavleTa
Tavisufali azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebas, sakuTari codnis donis
gansazRvras.
gakveTilis dagegmva
gakveTilis dagegmvis zogadi da aucilebeli kriteriumebia:
1. gakveTilis mizani/miznebi;
2. aqtivobebi;
3. moswavlis organizeba;
4. drois ganawileba;
5. resursebi;
6. Semowmebis formebi.
yoveli gakveTili individualuri da SemoqmedebiTia. gakveTilis sanimuSo
sqemis praqtikuli ganxorcieleba xdeba gakveTilis masalis specifikidan
gamomdinare. amdenad maswavlebels SeuZlia Secvalos gakveTilis gegmis
Tanmimdevroba mocemul gakveTilze situaciis gaTvaliswinebiT.
me-16 Temis, (unit 16, Jobs) magaliTze warmogidgenT gakveTilis dagegmvis
sqemas. analogiurad aigeba sxva gakveTilebis gegmac.
19
sanimuSo gakveTilis scenari
sanimuSo gakveTilis scenari warmodgenilia me-16 Temis (unit 16 – Jobs)
magaliTze, romelSic meToduri rekomendaciebia mocemuli gakveTilis TiToeul
struqturul elementTan dakavSirebiT.
mocemuli Tema gaTvlilia 5 akademiur saaTze, vinaidan mocemul TemaSi
warmodgenilia moswavleTaTvis sruliad axali gramatikuli erTeuli, namyo
gangrZobiTi dro (Past continuous tense). 4 akademiuri saaTi eTmoba moswavlis
wigns (klasSi samuSao masalas), xolo 1 akademiuri saaTi-samuSao rveuls (saxlSi
samuSao masalas).
moswavlis wignSi mocemuli Tema samuSao, samsaxuri - Jobs, 5 akademiur saaTze
Semdegnairad SeiZleba ganawildes: 1 akademiuri saaTi – 1-4 aqtivobebs, da 4a -
xumrobas (Joke), romelic kargi, saxaliso nimuSia zemoT aRniSnuli gramatikuli
masalisa; me-2 akademiuri saaTi –me-5 aqtivobas - SemecnebiTi xasiaTis teqstsa
da 6-7-8 - savarjiSoebs; me-3 akademiuri saaTi – me-9 savarjiSosa da me-10
aqtivobas - gamocanis (Guess the riddle) teqstze muSaobas; me-4 akademiuri saaTi
– me-11 aqtivobas - TamaSsa da me-11a - informaciuli teqstis gacnobas.
maswavlebels, mocemuli sqemis Secvla SeuZlia, moswavleebis moswrebisa da
sxva faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
Unit 16 Jobs
moswavlis wignSi warmodgenil me-16 Tematur erTeuls, Unit 16 – Jobs (samuSao,
samsaxuri) sagakveTilo 5 saaTi eTmoba. maswavlebeli, mocemuli Temis Sinaarsisa
da gramatikuli masalis moculobis mixedviT, TviTon gansazRvravs Tu romel
aqtivobas ra dro daWirdeba konkretul klasSi.
gakveTilebis miznebi: mosmenis, kiTxvis, werisa da laparakis unar-Cvevebis
ganviTareba, kulturaTa dialogis, swavlis swavlisa da unarebis srulyofa;
axali leqsikuri erTeulebis: a job, a policeman, a businessman, a postman,
a fireman, a shop assistant, a secretary, an artist, a driver, a customer, a soldier, a farmar,
a poet, a musician, a fighter, a housewife, brave, trading, coin, bartering, position, a fence,
a bungalow, fierce, the boys were trembling, mother calmed them da sxva, damaxsovreba
da maTi cxovrebiseul situaciebSi gamoyeneba, namyo gangrZobiTi drois
(Past continuous tense) aTviseba da komunikaciuri miznebisaTvis gamoyeneba,
TamaSis wesiT da gamocanis teqstis dazepirebiT, axali gramatikuli
erTeulis, namyo gangrZobiTi drois (Past Continuous Tense) Seswavla-ganmtkiceba.
sasurvelia moswavleebma moswavlis wignSi mocemuli savarjiSoebi rveulSi
gadaiweron da ise imuSaon, raTa metad ganuviTardeT weris praqtikuli unar-
Cvevebi.
20
dakavSirebul leqsikas ( jobs, a policeman, a businessman, a postman, a fireman, a
shop assistant, a secretary, an artist, a driver;) da mxolod amis Semdeg warmoTqvamen maT
2-3-jer gundurad, individualurad saSualo tempSi _ audioCanaweris TanxlebiT.
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba karg warmoTqmas, swor bgerebze, maxvilze,
intonaciaze varjiSs. teqnikis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi mocemuli masala jer
maswavlebelma unda waikiTxos an kargi diqciisa da warmoTqmis mqone moswavlem,
vinaidan mosmenis unar-Cvevisa da marTebuli diqciis/warmoTqmis Camoyalibebas
didi mniSvneloba aqvs.
savarjiSo 2.
mizani: varjiSi diqciasa da warmoTqmaSi.
xangrZlivoba: daaxloebiT 5-8 wuTi.
procesi: moswavleebi jer smeniT aRiqvamen mocemul masalas, romelsac
(maswavlebeli ukiTxavs, (What were you doing at 12 AM yesterday? What was an artist
doing when you saw her? Were you painting at 5 o’clock last Sunday? Yes, I was. Was a
fireman writing a poem at 12 AM yesterday? No, he wasn’t da a.S.) da Semdeg maswavleblis
daxmarebiT wyvilebSi muSaoben kiTxvebis aRmavali da mokle pasuxebis daRmavali
toniT warmoTqmaSi. sasurvelia moswavleebma wyvilebad imuSaon mocemul Temaze
da - samuSaos (samsaxuri-Jobs) Tematikaze kiTxva-pasuxis gamoyenebis gziT Seqmnan
komunikaciuri situacia da warmarTon namdvili zepiri dialogi. mag., What’s your
father’s job? He is a businessman. Where does he work? He works at an office.
savarjiSo 3.
mizani: mosmenis unar-Cvevis ganviTareba,
xangrZlivoba: daaxloebiT 5-7 wuTi.
procesi: es savarjiSo safuZvels uyris gakveTilze moswavleebisTvis axali,
namyo gangrZobiTi drois (Past Continuous Tense- damxmare zmna be-is warsuli
(was/were) forma da zmnis meoTxe forma – (going)).) aTvisebasa da ganmtkicebas.
maswavlebelma dawyebiTi safexuris mesame donis, dIII moswavleebs es gramatikuli
masala wesebis axsna-ganmartebiT ar unda Seaswavlos, man mxolod swori forma da
misi Sinaarsi unda miawodos. moswavleebi ramdenjerme imeoreben mocemul sqemas,
sadac warmodgenilia namyo gangrZobiTi drois (Past Continuous Tense) kiTxviTi,
uaryofiTi da mtkicebiTi formebi. (gramatikaSi damkvidrebuli wesiT, gramatikuli
droebi mtkicebiTi winadadebis axsna – ganmartebiT iwyeba). maswavlebelma xeli
unda Seuwyos moswavleebs am gramatikuli kanonzomierebis dadgenaSi, amocanis
damoukideblad gadaWraSi. gundurad, wyvilebad da individualurad varjiSis,
gameorebis Sedegad moswavleebi nimuSze dayrdnobiT advilad agneben da ayalibeben
wess.
mas Semdeg, rac maswavlebeli darwmundeba, rom moswavleebma daimaxsovres
da kargad aiTvises axali gramatikuli masala, wers dafaze I was going da avalebs
sxvadaxsva moswavles daweros analogiuri winadadeba yvela piris gamoyenebiT You
were going, He was going da a.S. aseve gagrZeldeba namyo gangrZobiTi drois (Past
Continuous Tense) kiTxviT da uaryofiT winadadebebze varjisisas.
savarjiSo 4
mizani: mosmenis unar-Cvevis ganviTareba, axal gramatikul erTeulze muSaobis
ganmtkicebis mizniT mocemuli savarjoSos Sesruleba, namyo gangrZobiTi drois
(The Past continuous) drois gamoyenebiT.
xangrZlivoba: daaxloebiT 5-10 wuTi.
procesi: maswavlebeli moswavleebs aZlevs winaswar ganmartebas da miuTiTebs
21
dros, savarjiSos SesrulebasTan dakavSirebiT. moswavlebi, winadadebebis cariel
adgilebs avseben damxmare zmnis be-is warsuli was/were formiT. maswavlebeli
moswavleebis mier Sesrulebul samuSaos amowmebs da Sesabamisad afasebs.
savarjiSo 4 (a).
mizani: mosmenis unar-Cvevis ganviTareba, axal gramatikul erTeulze muSaoba,
leqsikuri erTeulis xalisiani formiT miwodeba. namyo gangrZobiTi drois (The
Past continuous) drois gamoyeneba komunikaciuri miznebisaTvis.
xangrZlivoba: daaxloebiT 10-15 wuTi.
procesi: maswavlebeli moswavleebs 1-2-jer winaswar asmeninebs saxaliso
ilustrirebuli Temis, xumrobis (Joke) Sesatyvis audioCanawers, Semdeg TviTon
kiTxulobs teqsts nel tempSi. ramdenjerme mosmenis Semdeg moswavleebi
maswavleblis daxmarebiT imeoreben teqsts. maswavlebeli suraTis gamoyenebiT
agebinebs moswavleebs axali sityvebisa da frazebis mniSvnelobas (SegiZliaT maTi
mniSvneloba dafaze dauweroT).
maswavlebeli gansakuTrebul yuradRebas amaxvilebs axali gramatikuli
erTeulis namyo gangrZobiTi drois (The Past continuous) gamoyenebaze. (Mother
asked her small daughter who was reading a book. You were reading aloud, so you must
know. I was reading aloud, but I was not listening da a.S.) aseve The Past continuous drois
gameoreba-ganmtkicebaze da komunikaciuri mizniT gamoyenebaze. teqsts (Joke)
moswavleebs saxlSi wasakiTxad eZlevaT.
22
procesi: moswavleebi instruqcias kiTxuloben damoukideblad. maswavlebeli
2-3-jer asmeninebs mocemul gamocanas, romelic leqsis saxiT aris warmodgenili
As I was walking to St.Ives,... (Tu teqnikurad amis saSualeba ar aris, TviTon ukiTxavs
teqsts). maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs ilustraciis daxmarebiT amoicnon
leqsSi mocemuli ucnobi sityvebi da winadadebebi. moswavleebi gamocanas xalisiT
kiTxuloben da cdiloben gamocanis gamocnobas. ilustraciaze yuradRebiT
dakvirvebiT gamocanis pasuxi advili misaxvedria, moswavleebi enis gasatexis
kiTxvisas, icaven Sesabamis intonaciebs da riTmebs.
savarjiSo 11.
mizani: metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba. nimuSis mixedviT mcire zomis
dialogis Sedgena da prezentacia.
xangrZlivoba: daaxloebiT 5-10 wuTi.
procesi: moswavleebi instruqcias kiTxuloben damoukideblad. aRniSnuli
aqtivoba TamaSis saxiT aris warmodgenili Write the given words from the list….
moswavleebi winaswar amzadeben cal-calke baraTebs, romlebzec dawerilia
sxvadasxva saqmianobis amsaxveli frazebi: riding a bike, reading a book da sityvebi:
running, sleeping (sasurvelia, moswavleebma sakuTari frazebi da sityvebic
gamoiyenon). Semdeg erTad dawyobili baraTebidan rigrigobiT iRebs zeda baraTs
ori moswavle. isini gaiTamaSeben dialogs. dialogis gaTamaSebis nimuSi mocemulia
moswavlis wignSi (aqtivoba 11). moswavleebs saSualebas aZlevs damoukideblad
imetyvelon. mag., Tqvan, ras akeTebdnen an ra ar akeTebdnen gasul kviris SuadRes,
damoukideblad Seadginon frazebi/winadadebebi, namyo gangrZobiTi drois (The
Past continuous) gamoyenebiT. is moswavle, romelic ver SeZlebs winadadebis
sworad da swrafad Sedgenas TamaSidan gadis. gamarjvebulad gamocxaddeba is
moswavle (wyvili), romelic baraTze gamosaxuli frazebisagan sworad da swrafad
Seadgens winadadebas (dialogs). TamaSis saxiT moswavleebi xalisiT euflebian
axal gramatikul da leqsikur masalas. es ki, moswavleebs garkveul stimuls
miscems ukeT swavlisTvis, isini meti pasuxismgeblobiTa da xalisiT moekidebian
enis Seswavlas.
23
Unit 16 Jobs (PB. page 47)
wera
savarjiSo 6.
mizani: weris unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba. savarjiSos Sinaarsis gageba.
xangrZlivoba: daaxloebiT 10-15 wuTi.
procesi: moswavleebi instruqcias kiTxuloben damoukideblad. moswavleebi
maswavleblis mier dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxoben (savarjiSo 6). Semdeg maswavlebeli
moswavleebs avalebs rveulSi daweron mocemul savarjiSos pasuxebi. maswavlebeli
moswavleebs drois limits axsenebs. weris damTavrebis Semdeg isini TviTon
amowmeben marTlweras. zog nawers moswavleebi xmamaRla kiTxuloben. sasurvelia,
rom gasworebisas maswavlebelma nawerebs Tavisi ganmartebani da rekomendaciebi,
rCeva-darigebani daurTos. moswavleebi savarjiSos damoukideblad akeTeben,
Semdeg wyvilebSi erTmaneTTan adareben pasuxebs da msjeloben. sabolood swor
pasuxebs maswavlebeli ukiTxavs.
Tu sakiTxi moswavleebs cudad esmiT da savarjiSoebSi bevri Secdomaa,
maswavlebelma SeiZleba dafa da damatebiTi masala gamoiyenos.
savarjiSo 7.
mizani: weris unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba. savarjiSos Sinaarsis gageba.
xangrZlivoba: daaxloebiT 5-7 wuTi.
procesi: moswavleebi instruqcias kiTxuloben damoukideblad. es savarjiSo
moswavleebSi anviTarebs SerCeviTi kiTxvis anu mocemul teqstSi (savarj. 7) saWiro
informaciis swrafad povnis unars. maswavlebeli moswavleebs drois limits
axsenebs. moswavleebi muSaoben wyvilebad. isini teqstSi (ilustraciaSi) eZeben
im informacias, ris mixedviTac gansazRvraven winadadebis siswores/simcdares.
moswavleebi teqstisa da suraTis Sesabamisad moniSnaven Sesabamis pasuxebs. sanam
maswavlebeli swor pasuxebs waikiTxavs, SesaZlebelia moswavleebma pasuxebi
erTmaneTSi gadaamowmon da maT Sesaxeb
wyvilebSi ismjelon. Secdomebis SemTxvevaSi moswavleebi eZeben da xmamaRla
kiTxuloben teqstis im monakveTs, romelic pasuxis siswores daasabuTebs.
savarjiSo 8.
mizani: weris unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba. savarjiSos Sinaarsis gageba.
xangrZlivoba: daaxloebiT 5-10 wuTi.
procesi: moswavleebi instruqcias kiTxuloben damoukideblad. es savarjiSo
moswavleebSi anviTarebs SerCeviTi kiTxvis anu mocemul winadadebebSi (savarj.
8) saWiro informaciis swrafad povnis unars. mocemul savarjiSoSi mocemulia
ganmartebebi, romlis meSveobiTac moswavleebi adgenen pirovnebis samuSaos
(samsaxurs). mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebi amoicnoben winadadebebis Sinaarss,
daasruleben maT Sesabamisi sityvebiT. mag., Someone who draws and paints is
an artist. aRniSnuli winadadeba mocemuli savarjiSos nimuSs warmoadgens. sanam
maswavlebeli swor pasuxebs waikiTxavs, SesaZlebelia moswavleebma pasuxebi
erTmaneTSi gadaamowmon.
savarjiSo 11 Some more information
mizani: metyvelebis, detaluri kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibeba-ganviTareba.
ZiriTadi
azris gageba kiTxva-pasuxis meSveobiT.
xangrZlivoba: daaxloebiT 10-15 wuTi.
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