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Apresentação
Prof.ª. Daniella Eleutério, Rosana Garcia e Equipe
Matéria: Inglês
Professoras: Daniella Eleutério e
Rosana
Prof. Daniella Garcia
Eleutério, Rosana Garcia e Equipe 1 de 3
www.exponencialconcursos.com.br
Matéria: Inglês
Apresentação
Prof.ª. Daniella Eleutério, Rosana Garcia e Equipe
Apresentação
Leitura rápida
Skimming
Inferir o assunto
Leitura minuciosa
TÉCNICAS Scanning
DE LEITURA
Informações importantes
Ao terminar o skimming, você já deve ter uma ideia de sobre o que o texto
está falando. Logo em seguida leia as questões, sem se preocupar em respondê-
las. O objetivo é saber o que está sendo perguntado.
Feito isso, vamos voltar ao início do texto, dessa vez para realizar o scanning.
Agora é o momento de fazer a leitura convencional, na forma top-down (de cima
para baixo). A grande vantagem é que já sabemos quais são as perguntas que
teremos que responder, portanto fique atento! Você pode marcar o que for mais
importante no texto, fazer um asterisco ao lado daquilo que chamar mais a sua
atenção. Mas, nesse momento evite parar a leitura do texto no meio para ler
novamente as questões, isso pode fazer você se perder no meio da leitura e
acabar confundindo você. O momento do scanning é de leitura, com atenção
para os detalhes!
Foge do
contexto.
Extrapolação
Ignora o
contexto.
Foca em um só Oposto da
detalhe. Extrapolação.
Redução
3- Aplicando as Técnicas
Agora que já entendemos as técnicas de leitura e interpretação, vamos aplica-
las. Primeiro vamos ler o texto a seguir e as questões utilizando as técnicas de
skimming.
• Assunto principal: Ao ler a fonte (source), nos damos conta de que o texto
fala sobre o Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Vemos que o primeiro
parágrafo trata sobre a estrutura dos Conselhos (Chefe, Consultivo e Geral). No
segundo parágrafo vemos que os Advogados do IRS fornecem orientação sobre
a interpretação das leis fiscais federais. Em suma, sabemos que o assunto
principal diz respeito ao trabalho e funções do Internal Revenue Service, que é
um serviço de receita do Governo Federal dos Estados Unidos.
E novamente, pelo que estudamos sobre o skimming, você deve ter notado os
seguintes pontos:
• Assunto principal: O texto parece estar tratando sobre as exportações
brasileiras, a Argentina foi citada algumas vezes e tem inclusive duas perguntas
sobre assunto relacionados a Argentina. Já sabemos que a Argentina então é
importante e devemos ficar atentos ao que o texto fala sobre ela durante o
scanning, na próxima leitura.
• Datas: o texto cita January and June last year, também cita o ano corrente
“this year”.
• Números: temos valores em dólares, US$10. 43 billion, US$ 1.6 billion e
US$ 2 billion. No final do texto são citados percentuais, 38% e 8%.
• Aspas: É feita uma citação do Alexandre Teixeira, Ministro do
Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior. Uma das questões está
relacionada com o que o ministro falou.
• Último parágrafo: o autor faz sua conclusão quanto às exportações
brasileiras, abordando outros parceiros comerciais além da Argentina.
Para lembrar:
Vamos à resolução!
5- Argentina has
a) placed restrictions on most imports.
b) discriminated against Brazil more than others.
c) encouraged the entry of goods from abroad.
d) allowed Brazil to export more than last year.
e) blamed the international crisis for it imports.
Comentários: Atenção! A questão quer saber o que a Argentina fez! Então
vamos analisar as alternativas.
a) Item correto. O primeiro parágrafo do texto é bem claro ao afirmar que a
Argentina impôs barreiras comerciais (trade barriers) às importações em
geral. Lembrando que as exportações brasileiras são importações para a
Argentina, já que o ponto de vista aqui é o da Argentina. Trade barriers imposed
by Argentina on imports in general have resulted in a drop of 16% in Brazil's
exports to its neighbor in the first half of this year.
b) Item incorreto B: Aqui temos um exemplo de extrapolação. Em momento
algum o texto fala que a Argentina tem sido mais rígida em relação aos produtos
brasileiros.
c) Item incorreto. A resposta está mais uma vez no primeiro parágrafo, mais
especificamente no trecho: “Trade barriers imposed by Argentina on imports in
general” (importações em geral). Contradição clara.
d) Item incorreto. Assim como na alternativa b, não encontramos nenhuma
informação desse tipo no texto.
e) Item incorreto. Essa é a afirmativa que merece maior atenção, em minha
opinião, porque realmente a crise internacional foi citada no texto como culpada
pela redução das exportações. Acontece que quem utilizou essa justificativa foi
o ministro Teixeira, e não a Argentina. Contradição pura! Veja: In spite of the
trade barriers, the executive secretary at the Ministry of Development, Industry
and Foreign Trade, Alessandro Teixeira, blames the international crisis for the
situation. "The cause of these problems is the international crisis. It affects
Argentina and it affects us, too," he declared. Estão lembrados que um dos
pontos de atenção do skimming são as aspas? Com primeira leitura do texto, já
teríamos a resposta para essa questão.
Gabarito 5: A
Vamos utilizar dois métodos para matar a questão. O primeiro é verificar o que
o texto tem a dizer a respeito dos comentários do ministro:
Teixeira noted that negotiations have improved the relationship with Argentina,
that there has been a more positive dialogue.
O trecho afirma que as negociações melhoraram (improved) o relacionamento
com a Argentina e que tem havido um diálogo mais positivo. O mínimo que se
pode depreender é que coisas boas têm acontecido! Melhor relacionamento e
diálogo positivo. Portanto, devemos procurar uma alternativa que expresse isso.
A mais próxima é a letra c, Diplomatic. O ministro sem dúvida usou de
diplomacia em sua afirmação, já que falou como representante do País, sem
expressar opiniões pessoais, e não colocou a Argentina como culpada pela
redução das exportações brasileiras.
A segunda forma de resolver a questão é comparando as alternativas dadas e
pensando no que a maioria delas tem em comum. Quase todas expressam
negatividade, coisas ruins, exceto uma, Diplomatic, que é a resposta certa.
As duas formas de resolução são complementares, mas em todo o caso, se no
momento da interpretação você não estiver totalmente seguro do que pode ser
entendido do texto, procure comparar as alternativas dadas, como fizemos
agora.
Gabarito 6: C
Resumindo
Leia as
Skimming Scanning
questões
Resolução
das questões
Reading for
SIM
Dúvidas detail
Termine as
NÃO questões
Well done!
Terminamos ☺
Key Words
collusion conlúio range alcance
flattery bajulação, lisonja perhaps talvez, possivelmente
drop cair counterfeiting falsificação
blame culpa complain reclamação
improved melhorado summit cúpula, reunião
declined recusado uncannily estranhamente
hostile hostil embedded integrado, incorporado
cowardly covardemente treaties tratados
diplomatic diplomático distraught desamparado
unfriendly não amigável dismal sombrio
manipulação,
rigging fraude muddled confuso
Além dessas palavras, vamos dar uma olhada em algumas expressões utilizadas
hoje, palavras que quando juntas tem um sentido específico.
Key Expressions
realizar pagamento aumentaram,
pay it off integral have risen subiram
4.3- FGV........................................................................................... 31
6.3- FGV........................................................................................... 65
7- Gabarito ........................................................................................ 79
4- Questões Comentadas
4.1- ESAF
(ESAF / AFRFB / 2014) Questions refer to the following text.
We've been keeping our veterinarian in business lately. First Sammy, our nine-
year-old golden retriever, needed surgery. (She's fine now.) Then Inky, our
curious cat, burned his paw. (He'll be fine, too.) At our last visit, as we were
writing our fourth (or was it the fifth?) consecutive check to the veterinary
hospital, there was much joking about how vet bills should be tax-deductible.
After all, pets are dependents, too, right? (Guffaws all around.)
Now, halfway through tax-filing season, comes news that pets are high on the
list of unusual deductions taxpayers try to claim. From routine pet expenses to
the costs of adopting a pet to, yes, pets as "dependents," tax accountants have
heard it all this year, according to the Minnesota Society of Certified Public
Accountants, which surveys its members annually about the most outlandish
tax deductions proposed by clients. Most of these doggy deductions don't hunt,
but, believe it or not, some do. Could there be a spot for Sammy and Inky on
our 1040?
For most of us, though, our pets are hobbies at most. Something's a hobby if,
among other things, it hasn't turned a profit in at least three of the past five
years (or two of the past seven years in the case of horse training, breeding or
racing). In that case, you can't deduct losses—only expenses to the extent of
income in the same year. So if your beloved Bichon earns $100 for a modeling
gig, you could deduct $100 worth of vet bills (or dog food or doggy attire).
(Source: Carolyn Geer, The Wall Street Journal, retrieved on 13 March 2014 - slightly adapted)
1- The title that best conveys the main purpose of the article is:
a) Sammy and Inky Run Up a Hospital Bill.
b) Vet Bills Should Be Tax-Deductible.
c) Are Your Pets Tax Deductions?
d) The Case for Pets as Dependents.
e) How to Increase Your Tax Refund.
2- The opening sentence of the text reveals that the author has been
a) paying frequent visits to her vet’s pet.
b) making loans to her pets’ veterinary doctor.
c) assisting her vet financially.
d) delaying payments to her veterinarian.
e) using the services of a vet quite often.
Comentário: A frase que a abre o texto “We've been keeping our veterinarian
in business lately.” significa “Temos mantido nosso veterinário nos negócios
ultimamente”, ou seja, a autora tem usado os serviços do veterinário com
bastante frequência. Veja a tradução das alternativas:
a) Item incorreto (fazendo visitas frequentes ao veterinário de seu animal de
estimação).
b) Item incorreto (fazendo empréstimos ao médico veterinário de seus
animais de estimação).
c) Item incorreto (auxiliando seu veterinário financeiramente).
d) Item incorreto (atrasando pagamentos ao seu veterinário).
e) Item correto (usando os serviços de um veterinário com bastante
frequência).
A única alternativa que possui sentido equivalente à frase “Temos mantido
nosso veterinário nos negócios ultimamente” é a alternativa E.
Gabarito 2: E
Comentário: No trecho "After all, pets are dependents, too, right? (Guffaws all
around.)" é possível constatar a ironia do autor: "Afinal, os animais de
estimação são dependentes também, certo? (Gargalhadas por toda parte.)". No
texto, as risadas pertencem a pessoas que não consideram que as despesas
com animais de estimação deveriam ser caso as deduções de impostos. Confira
a tradução das alternativas:
a) Item correto (acreditavam que as deduções fiscais para despesas com
animais de estimação não se aplicam realmente).
b) Item incorreto (estavam ressentidos por não poderem considerar seus
animais de estimação como dependentes).
c) Item incorreto (acharam as piadas sobre animais de estimação como
dependentes absurdas).
d) Item incorreto (não estavam cientes que as contas do veterinário poderiam
ser deduzidas do imposto de renda).
e) Item incorreto (lamentaram o tratamento injusto dado aos donos de
animais pelo IRS).
Gabarito 3: A
The WCO has also developed instruments for international co-operation in the
form of the revised Model Bilateral Agreement (MBA); the Nairobi Convention,
which provides for mutual administrative assistance in the prevention,
investigation and repression of Customs offences; and the Johannesburg
Convention, which provides for mutual administrative assistance in Customs
matters. The WCO’s Customs Control and Enforcement programme therefore
aims to promote effective enforcement practices and encourage co-operation
among its Members and with its various competent partners and stakeholders.
(Source: http://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/enforcement-and-compliance/overview.aspx,
retrieved on 12 March 2014.)
(ESAF / AFRFB / 2012) Choose the best answer in accordance with Text
2.
Text 2: South Korea banks in rate-rigging investigation
A South Korea financial regulator has started an investigation into alleged
interest rate rigging by some of the country's banks. The Fair Trade Commission
is looking at possible collusion over setting certificates of deposit (CD), used as
a benchmark to set lending rates. It follows the Libor-rigging scandal involving
Barclays and possibly several other UK banks.
A CD is a way of saving with a fixed interest rate and maturity sold by banks
and circulated in the secondary market by brokerages. Financial firms benefit
from a high CD rates as many household loans are linked to them. They are
frequently used to help South Koreans buy homes. The possible rigging of CD
can help flatter companies' financial health.
The indebtedness of South Koreans has become a particular worry to the
authorities as the economy slows.
From: www.bbc.com/news [slightly adapted]
7- The opening paragraph suggests that some South Korean banks may
have:
a) acted dishonestly.
b) deserved commendation.
c) been unfairly attacked.
d) started an investigation.
e) moved to the UK.
Flattered Lisonjeado
Percebam que no contexto da frase, flatter foi utilizado como adjetivo e tem
um significado um pouco diferente do sentido literal da tradução para o
português. É complicado fazer uma tradução literal, mas o que o texto quer
dizer é que a manipulação das taxas dos certificados de depósito pode ajudar a
tornar mais estável a saúde financeira das empresas (can help flatter
companies' financial health). Flatter, mais liso, mais plano, mais uniforme ou
estável. Realmente existem termos que não podem ser traduzidos ao pé da
letra, por serem específicos do idioma.
Querem ver outro exemplo do uso do termo flatter em um contexto similar? Aí
vai:
“As times moves on, the historical [...] model becomes harder to justify, so the
Commission is proposing to allow Member States to move to a flatter rate
system.”
Traduzindo: “Com o passar do tempo, o modelo histórico torna-se cada vez
mais difícil de justificar, pelo que a Comissão propõe que os Estados-Membros
possam passar para um sistema mais uniforme.”
e) Item incorreto. Em momento algum o texto se refere à dívida nacional do
país, mas somente ao endividamento das famílias.
Gabarito 9: A
world war", "a bleak day, a disastrous meeting" and "a massive waste of time
and money".
Perspective, please. Reaction after the 1992 Rio summit was uncannily similar.
Countries passed then what now seem far-sighted treaties and embedded a slew
of aspirations and commitments into international documents – but NGOs and
journalists were still distraught. In short, just like Rio 2012, the meeting was
said to be a dismal failure of governments to co-operate.
I was pretty downhearted then, too. So when I returned I went to see Richard
Sandbrook, a legendary environmental activist who co-founded Friends of the
Earth, and profoundly influenced a generation of governments, business leaders
and NGOs before he died in 2005. Sandbrook made the point that NGOs always
scream blue murder because it is their job to push governments and that UN
conferences must disappoint because all views have to be accommodated.
Change, he said, does not happen in a few days' intense negotiation. It is a
long, muddled, cultural process that cannot come from a UN meeting. Real
change comes from stronger institutions, better public information, promises
being kept, the exchange of views, pressure from below, and events that make
people see the world differently.
Vast growth in global environmental awareness has taken place in the past 20
years, and is bound to grow in the next 20.
[From The Guardian PovertyMatters blog- adapted]
Comentário: A questão quer saber como foi a reação geral ao Rio +20, de
acordo com o texto.
a) Item incorreto. Otimista? Really? Acho que não... A primeira frase do texto
já deixa tranparecer que a reação ao Rio +20 não foi das melhores.
Read the commentaries from Rio+20, and you'd think a global disaster had
taken place.
c) Item incorreto. Cheerful quer dizer alegre, feliz. Já percebemos que não
foi bem assim.
d) Item correto.
Pundits and NGOs complain that it was "the greatest failure of collective
leadership since the first world war", "a bleak day, a disastrous meeting" and "a
massive waste of time and money". Essa parece a resposta mais adequada, pelo
que o texto apresenta.
Comentários: A questão quer saber qual foi a percepção, believes aqui é usado
mais nesse sentido, ao final da reunião de 1992 (Rio 92).
a) Item incorreto. Muito cuidado aqui! O autor realmente foi visitar um
especialista em meio ambiente, mas isso foi o que ele fez, e não sua percepção
quando a reunião acabou. I was pretty downhearted then, too. So when I
returned I went to see Richard Sandbrook, a legendary environmental activist
who co-founded Friends of the Earth, and profoundly influenced a generation of
governments, business leaders and NGOs before he died in 2005.
b) Item correto. Agora sim! Vejam só:Perspective, please. Reaction after the
1992 Rio summit was uncannily similar. Só o fato de ele ter escrito “Perspective,
please” antes de falar da reação em si, já mostra que ele estava prestes a falar
de uma percepção pessoal, um belive, algo sob a sua perspectiva.
c) Item incorreto. Novamente o examinador tenta conduzir vocês ao erro.
Vejam o que o texto diz: Change, he said, does not happen in a few days' intense
negotiation. It is a long, muddled, cultural process that cannot come from a UN
meeting. Segundo o texto mudanças não acontecem em alguns dias de
negociação intensa, elas são um processo que não resulta de uma reunião das
Nações Unidas (UN meeting). Portando a United Nations não consegue sozinha
promover mudanças, mas em nenhum momento o autor fala que a UN falhou
(failed) em foster agreements (promover acordos). Isso é extrapolação.
d) Item incorreto. A alternativa que todos elogiaram (everybody praised) os
acordos alcançados. Se, na verdade, a percepção geral foi de pessimismo e
tristeza, afirmar que houve elogios não é coerente.
c) Item incorreto.
d) Item incorreto.
Acho que ficou mais fácil de eliminar essas alternativas. Vamos nos perguntar,
considerando sempre o contexto do artigo de um modo geral, se as sugestões
de significados propostas pelas alternativas fazem sentido:
Faz sentido, as ONGs se sentirem seriamente ameaçadas (severely
threatended)? Não.
Faz sentido as ONGs buscarem por proteção? Se a frase mencionasse
especificamente a proteção para o meio ambiente, até faria sentido, mas isso
não está escrito. Então, não é uma boa resposta.
Faz sentido as ONGs terem cometido crimes ambientais? Não.
Faz sentido as ONGs reclamarem que estão sendo maltratadas (their
mistreatment)? Não.
Gabarito 13: E
Gente, mais uma vez eu digo para vocês: não fiquem nervosos
quando não souberem o significado de alguma expressão ou palavra, respirem
fundo e raciocinem! Busquem fazer associações e entender o significado geral
do texto. Acho que deu para perceber o quanto entender o texto é mais
importante do que simplesmente decorar palavras. Vamos treinar bastante para
isso.
Pessoal, trouxe as questões da prova de ajudante de despachante aduaneiro de
2017. Apesar de fáceis, trazem um contexto valioso para assimilação de
palavras importantes, que podem facilmente aparecer na próxima prova de
vocês. Não se preocupem porque as palavras mais relevantes foram separadas
e se encontram na parte de key words e key expressions. Assim, na véspera da
prova vocês podem revisar o que é mais relevante de forma muito prática.
“The deterrent effect of the detection dogs was difficult to measure, but seizures
alone represented a low return on investment, given 1.25 million spent on new
kennels and the costs of operating the unit,” said the report by the Independent
Chief Inspector of Borders and Immigration.
Each dog has its own speciality in detecting goods such as drugs, tobacco, cash
and meat being illegally brought into the airport by the 22 million passengers
who use it annually.
However, the report found that although the sniffers had helped customs seize
46 kg of cigarettes and 181 kg of meat, they had uncovered no class A drugs
between November 2014 and June 2015 even though this was a “very high”
priority.
It said one dog trained to find smuggled animal products had made “multiple
accurate detections, but most were of small amounts of cheese or sausages,
wrongly brought back by returning British holidaymakers and posing minimal
risk to UK public health.”
Managers are now examining how better to deploy the dogs, the report said.
18- The report also considered that the amount spent on the dog
programme is
a) money well spent on detection.
b) higher than results justify.
c) likely to bring rewards soon.
d) a drop in the ocean for Border Security.
e) a worthwhile public investment.
19- The deterrent effect” refers to the possibility that the dogs:
a) discover illicit drugs in passengers’ hand luggage.
b) discourage those who might otherwise bring in drugs.
c) frighten innocent passengers into avoiding customs.
d) spot drugs addicts as they try to enter the country.
e) require the use of special washing powders at the aiport.
4.2- FCC
(FCC /Consultor Legislativo da CL do DF/Constituição e Justiça/ 2018)
Texto
U.S. immigration law provides foreign nationals with a variety of visas to become
lawful permanent residents (get a Green Card) through employment in the
United States. These employment-based (EB) “preference immigrant”
categories include:
This category has several stages that need to be successfully completed prior
to green card sponsorship. This proves to be a lengthier and more rigorous
process than the EB-1 green card.
of training or work experience who may or may not hold a degree; and other or
unskilled workers filling a job that requires less than two years of training or
experience. This category is the most common with a higher number of foreign
nationals that qualify under this preference category and has a lengthy average
approval waiting period of six to nine years.
(Adapted from: https://resources.envoyglobal.com/blog/employment-based-immigration-
a-complete-overview)
Comentários:
a) Item correto. No trecho “This category is less costly and takes less time to
complete than other classifications. Although this is the fastest way to get an
employment-based green card, it is extremely document-heavy and the USCIS
reviews this petition with a high level of scrutiny” podemos perceber que essa
categoria é menos dispendiosa e leva menos tempo para ser concluída em
relação a outras classificações. Embora este seja o caminho mais rápido para se
obter um green card de emprego, ele é extremamente burocrático e o USCIS
analisa este pedido com um alto nível de critérios. Assim, a emissão do green
card é bem rápida, mas criteriosamente analisada e aprovada.
b) Item incorreto. A obtenção do EB-2 é demorada. É possível verificar este
fato no trecho This proves to be a lengthier and more rigorous process than the
EB-1 green card, ou seja, é um processo mais longo e mais rigoroso que o EB-
1.
c) Item incorreto. Apenas o EB-1 exige diploma de pós-graduação, como se
verifica na passagem Professionals who hold advanced degrees.
d) Item incorreto. O texto não expressa esta ideia.
e) Item incorreto. O texto não expressa esta ideia.
Gabarito 20: A
• a state or county child welfare official with expertise in child trauma and
development determines that it is in the child's best interests to be removed
because of abuse or neglect; or
• the Chief Patrol Agent or the Area Port Director authorizes separation based
on a documented finding that the child is a trafficking victim or is at significant
risk of becoming a victim, a strong likelihood exists that the adult is not the
parent or legal guardian, or the child is in danger of abuse or neglect.
An agency may not remove a child from a parent or legal guardian solely for the
policy goals of deterring migration to the United States or of promoting
immigration law compliance.
The bill sets forth presumptions: (1) in favor of family and sibling unity and
parental rights, and (2) that detention is not in the best interests of families and
children.
4.3- FGV
(FGV / ANALISTA DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E GESTÃO
GOVERNAMENTAL /CGM-NITERÓI/ 2018)
Text I
In Europe, Weber still rules
Statecrafting
Jul 13, 2016
Steven Van de Walle
True, many tools and management practices associated with the NPM such as
staff performance talks or management by objectives have become very
common. Across all countries, the almost 7000 top civil servants we surveyed
list achieving results and ensuring an efficient use of resources among the most
important roles they have. They are also in agreement that, compared to five
years ago, the public sector has made major progress in terms of efficiency and
service quality — two main objectives of the NPM.
There are ‘NPM champions’ — countries that have gone further than others in
reforming the Weberian state. Think the UK or the Netherlands, where public
employment is increasingly normalised, and delivery contracted out. But even
there, the structures of traditional public administration remain firmly in place.
Some elements of the NPM are still mainly absent from current management
practice in European countries. Internal steering by contract is not very
common, and performance related pay is very rare despite the popularity in
reform talk. The weak presence of flexible employment also shows that the
Weberian model still dominates. Despite attempts to normalize public
employment in some countries, civil servants still enjoy a unique statute. We
also observed this during the fiscal crisis, where outright firing permanent civil
servants or cutting salaries has been relatively rare.
For civil servants, referring issues upwards in the hierarchy is still the dominant
response in situations when responsibilities or interests conflict with that of
other organisations. European top civil servants consider the impartial
implementation of laws and rules as one of their dominant roles, and largely
prefer state provision of services over market provision, with the exception of
the British, Danish, and Dutch.
There are clear country differences, with management ‘champions’ such as the
UK, Estonia, Norway and the Netherlands, and more legalistic and traditional
public administrations such as in Austria, France, Germany, Hungary and Spain.
The adoption of newer reform ideas suggest that the Weberian state may now
be in decline. Yet some of the other findings of the survey, reported above, show
that Weberianism’s main ideas are still deeply embedded in European countries.
25- Mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F) according to
Text I.
( ) Internal steering by contract and performance related pay are two main
ideas that come from Weber.
( ) Weberian ideals now belong to the past and are only used for historical
interest.
( ) Employment flexibility is one of the tenets of the New Public Management.
The correct sentence is:
a) F-F-T
b) T-T-F
c) F-T-T
d) F-T-F
e) T-F-F
The government wants to open up the Tapajós basin – an area the size of France
– for trade with China. But the indigenous Munduruku won’t let it happen without
a fight
(http://www.dw.com/en/defending-lands-indigenous
Crashing upstream through the São Luiz rapids, the churning river throws the
speedboat around like a child’s toy. There is first a moment of fear, then relief
and finally wonder at crossing a natural boundary that has held back the
destruction of this corner of the Amazon for almost five centuries.
This is the gateway to a land that indigenous inhabitants call Mundurukania,
after their tribe, the Munduruku, which has settled the middle and upper reaches
of the Rio Tapajós since ancient times. The thickly vegetated shores, misty hills
and untamed waters – breached at one point by a dolphin – mark it out as one
of the few regions of the planet still to be explored and exploited by industrial
commerce.
The tranquillity is breathtaking, but misleading. These rapids are now on the
frontline of one of the world’s most important struggles for indigenous rights
and environmental protection. Long ignored, they are suddenly seen as a
strategically crucial step between the nations with the world’s biggest farms –
Brazil – and the world’s most numerous dining tables – China. Longer term, the
changes now being planned could bring this waterway closer to the
industrialised, traffic-filled Yangtze in more ways than one.
Over the coming years, the Brazilian government – backed by Chinese and
European finance and engineering – wants to turn this river into the world’s
biggest grain canal by building 49 major dams on the Tapajós and its tributaries.
This would make the rapids navigable by barges carrying produce from the
deforested cerrado savanna of Mato Grosso – which produces a third of the
world’s soya – up to the giant container port being planned in the closest city of
Santarém and then out to global markets, particularly in Asia.
The network of dams would also produce 29gW of electricity, increasing Brazil’s
current supply by 25%. A consortium headed by Furnas – a subsidiary of the
state-run energy utility Electrobras – plans to sell the power to distant cities and
to local mining companies that want to unearth the mineral riches under the
forest.
For the Brazilian government, this mega-scheme to open up the Tapajós basin
– which is roughly the area of France – is a linchpin of national economic
development and trade with China. For local politicians, it is an opportunity to
industrialise, expand and enrich the business of nearby cities, which expect their
populations to double in size over the next 10 years.
For opponents, however, the “hydrovia” – as the river transport scheme is
known – and related projects are the biggest threat ever posed to the native
inhabitants, traditional riverine communities, waters and wildlife. By one
estimate, 950,000 hectares of forest would be cleared, releasing significant
amounts of carbon dioxide.
29- When the author defines China as “the world’s most numerous
dining tables”, he is referring to its
a) gold mining.
b) water storage.
c) oil production.
d) wood industry.
e) food consumption.
2. Metrics for Success: In the private sector, business objectives are clear and
are conducive to metrics: more sales, more customers, more revenue, return
on investment, etc. This means it’s extremely easy to determine the efficiency
of audit programs and controls. In the public sphere, metrics aren’t as obvious
because financial and mission objectives are more complex. This complicates
the job immensely.
30- Mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F) according
to Text I.
( ) Private sector auditors have more responsibility than government auditors
on risk-taking decisions.
( ) The weight government auditors take upon themselves is quite heavy.
( ) Part of the auditor’s job is one of mediation between the public and the
government.
The correct sequence is:
a) F-F-T
b) T-T-F
c) F-T-T
d) F-T-F
e) T-F-F
Comentários: Item I – Item incorreto. O item afirma que os auditores do
setor privado têm mais responsabilidade que os auditores do governo nas
decisões de tomada de risco. No entanto, no 1º parágrafo, Richard Chambers,
do Instituto dos Auditores Internos, relata que os auditores do governo lidam
com riscos políticos de ameaça de carreira diariamente, riscos que os auditores
do setor privado jamais poderiam compreender. Assim, não é possível se
comparar as responsabilidades entre os auditores.
Item II – Item correto. O 1º parágrafo diz que poucos auditores suportam
tanta carga quanto aqueles que trabalham com o governo. Lembrando que as
palavras-chave para se resolver o item eram weight , que significa peso, e heavy
, que significa pesado. Assim, o peso que os auditores do governo assumem é
bastante pesado. A frase ficou um pouco redundante em português, mas em
inglês faz total sentido.
Item III – Item correto. A resposta desse item se encontrava logo no início do
2º parágrafo, quando o autor declara que os auditores internos desempenham
um papel fundamental (pivotal role) na relação entre o governo e os cidadãos.
Gabarito 30: C.
31- The sentence that informs that one of the challenges associated with
governmental-level internal auditing is the problem of continuity is:
a) “Turnover in the political sector is high with appointed executives seldom
lasting for more than two years”.
b) “In the public sphere, metrics aren´t as obvious because financial and
mission objectives are more complex”.
c) “On top of that, newly appointed officials often come from outside
departments or agencies”.
d) “In the private sector, business objectives are clear and are conductive to
metrics”.
e) “Most companies undervalue the importance of risk culture”.
32- The last paragraph states that, when developing campaigns and
programs, auditors should not work
a) by appointment.
b) for the public.
c) in isolation.
d) on demand.
e) at home.
Gabarito 32: C
4.4- CESPE
(CESPE /OFICIAL DE INTELIGÊNCIA -ÁREA 1 /2018)
Text
Western intelligence agencies used to inhabit a parallel world where spy battled
spy. Their trade was stealing or guarding secrets. Their masters were the men
and women in government. Today the intelligence services are part of
everyone’s world. Their main task has been to protect society from terrorists
and criminals. They are increasingly held to account in the press, parliaments
and courts.
The revolution has brought spying closer to ordinary people. After the attacks
on America on September 11th 2001, counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency
became the focus for the American intelligence agencies. Almost two-thirds of
today’s intelligence personnel have been hired since 9/11. As the world has
moved online, so the spooks have become involved in monitoring organized
crime and paedophiles as well as terrorists.
In a not very remote past, spies sent coded messages using short-wave radios
and dead letter boxes. Now the communications of the spooks’ new targets are
mixed in with everyone else’s, shuttling between computers and smartphones
that are identical to those on your desk and in your pocket. Counter-terrorism,
in particular, is pre-emptive. Hence the security services have had to act as
hunters of conspiracies rather than gatherers of evidence.
Western intelligence — Shaken and stirred.
powers for the first time in the post-9/11 era, defined by the West’s commitment
to the war on terror.
However, despite claims that the agencies are working in the interest of national
security, critics counter that overbearing surveillance practices erode and
restrict many civil liberties. In spite of the introduction of restrictions in the USA
and Germany, Great Britain appears to be heading in the opposite direction
when it comes to surveillance policy, with the UK’s Conservative government
putting forward plans to grant spy agencies yet more powers to deal with threats
to national security.
The British government has outlined its highly controversial plan to introduce
the Investigatory Powers Bill, which would grant agencies not only more power
but also allow them to force Internet companies to log and track users’ web
history for up to a year to allow for the police and security services access. It is
thought the plan would also compel companies to collect and hold data on
mobile phone applications like WhatsApp and Snapchat.
Snowden: the legacy of the Leaks. Internet: <www.mintpressnews> (adapted).
36- According to the text, the events that followed the September
11th attacks, as well as the systematic leaking of government classified
material, have helped shape the way some intelligence agencies have
been operating.
Comentário: Questão correta. De acordo com o primeiro parágrafo, os
eventos que seguiram a data de 11 de setembro, ou seja, o aumento de exames
minuciosos e a redução de poderes para as agências de segurança bem como o
vazamento de informações governamentais confidenciais muito contribuíram
para a formatar o modo pelo qual algumas agências de inteligência estavam
operando. Isso ficou constatado ao se dizer que as divulgações (disclosures)
esclareceram (have shed light) uma série de práticas ilegais adotadas por
agências de inteligência em muitos países, como E.U.A, Alemanha e Reino
Unido.
Gabarito 36: V
37- The author of the text implies that the fight against terrorism is
no longer a major priority for Anglo-American intelligence services.
Comentário: Questão incorreta. O autor do texto não menciona que a luta
contra o terrorismo não é mais prioridade para os serviços de inteligência Anglo-
americano.
Gabarito 37: F
Brian Hocking and Jan Melissen. Diplomacy in the digital age. 2015, p. 9. Internet:
<www.clingendael.org> (adapted).
Decide whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E) according
to text I.
39- The text lists three different kinds of change which affect diplomacy:
those originated in international and domestic scenarios; those coming from
the main centres of authority; and the ones which are related to societal
transformations.
Comentário: Item correto. O item afirma que o texto lista três diferentes
tipos de mudança que afetam a diplomacia: aquelas originadas em cenários
internacionais e domésticos; aquelas que vêm dos principais centros de
autoridade; e as que estão relacionados às transformações sociais. Isso pode
ser verificado no trecho what is happening to diplomacy? And the obvious
answer is what has always happened to it: diplomacy is responding to changes
in the international and domestic environments, in the main centres of
authority, particularly states, and in the character of societies at home and
abroad (1º parágrafo).
Gabarito 39: V
40- Due to the close relationship that exists between diplomacy and
communication, diplomats have managed to bring their communicative
skills to perfection in order to work autonomously with new digital
media.
Comentário: Item incorreto. O item diz que devido à estreita relação que
existe entre diplomacia e comunicação, os diplomatas conseguiram aperfeiçoar
suas habilidades comunicativas para trabalhar de forma autônoma com as novas
mídias digitais. No entanto, como vimos no comentário da questão 17, os
praticantes da diplomacia ainda estão se ajustando, já que o processo de
implementação das mudanças tecnológicas leva tempo.
Gabarito 40: F
41- The authors are critical of the kind of explanation analysts have
given for the phenomenon of diplomacy in the digital age, which,
according to the authors, should be approached more thoroughly.
Comentário: Questão correta. A questão diz que os autores criticam o tipo
de explicação que os analistas deram para o fenômeno da diplomacia na era
digital, que, segundo eles, deve ser abordado de forma mais aprofundada. No
trecho “Paradoxically, greater complexity encourages shallow, hurried analyses
and the search for simple explanations about what is happening to diplomacy
as the regulating mechanism of the society of states” podemos observar que as
análises são feitas superficialmente e às pressas, merecendo assim uma análise
mais complexa e menos simplista.
Gabarito 41: V
axiom applicable to all countries, but let us explore the example given by the
panda bear and, consequently, by China a little further.
It may sound ridiculous, if not provocative, to posit that the panda bear in the
zoo is China. But this is merely an extension of the basic premise of diplomatic
theory. Why should only human individuals be able to represent a state? In
periods of conflict, flags (material objects) are burnt, walls are erected,
monuments torn down; in times of better political mood, heads of states
exchange precious gifts with each other, while embassy buildings in foreign
countries enjoy a “sacred” legal status. Flags, walls, monuments, gifts, and the
embassies re-present, i.e. “bring into presence,” a country, and actions toward
these objects address the states they represent.
And there are good grounds for sensing a foreign policy tool in the giant pandas
that now reside in zoos all over the world. They prominently embody China’s
modern public diplomacy; they are non-human material deliberately deployed
by the Chinese government to the soil of other states; and they have, at times,
served as the primary means of expressing inter-state sentiment — during times
of both conflict and cooperation —, in instances of the so-called “panda
diplomacy”.
Andreas Pacher. The Diplomat. Nov./2017. Internet: <https://thediplomat.com> (adapted).
Decide whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E) according
to text.
43- The passage “The previously cute panda may suddenly strike
them as strange” indicates that people may become aware that panda
bears kept outside China can be signs of international political forces.
Comentário: Questão correta. A passagem “O panda que antes era fofo pode
de repente parecer estranho” indica que as pessoas podem perceber que os
ursos panda mantidos fora da China podem ser sinais de forças políticas
internacionais. O trecho there is an intuitive knowledge that this panda,
constantly eating bamboo in front of a cheerful and amazed audience, is deeply
charged with political agency demonstra essa relação. Em suma, há um
conhecimento intuitivo de que esse panda está profundamente encarregado da
agência política. Ressalta-se que a palavra agência, em seu sentido filosófico, é
44- One can correctly infer from the text that the author is against
the exploitation of animals for political or diplomatic ends.
Comentário: Questão incorreta. O autor do texto não diz se é contra a
exploração de animais para propósitos políticos ou diplomáticos.
Gabarito 44: F
46- The point made by the author in “Unfortunately, it was (…) that
of representation” would remain the same if this passage were
rewritten as Sadly, only recently have political scientists started to
actively engage in the study of diplomacy as a conceptual phenomenon,
and this delay has led to the irrefutable axiom of representation.
Comentário: Questão incorreta. O trecho extraído do texto “Unfortunately,
it was only recently that political scientists have embarked on exploring
diplomacy systematically as a conceptual phenomenon, generating one
unquestionable axiom: that of representation.” afirma que Foi apenas
recentemente que cientistas políticos começaram a explorar a diplomacia
sistematicamente como um fenômeno conceitual. O trecho reescrito pelo item
a se julgar mostra que só recentemente cientistas políticos começaram a se
envolver ativamente no estudo da diplomacia como um fenômeno conceitual. A
diferença entre as sentenças se encontra no fato da primeira mostrar uma
exploração sistemática da diplomacia enquanto a segunda somente fala sobre
um envolvimento ativo (e não sistemático).
Gabarito 46: F
Brazil's exports to Eastern Europe are down 38% and down 8% to the European
Union in the first half. On the other hand, they have risen by over US$ 2 billion
to China during the same period.
5- Argentina has
a) placed restrictions on most imports.
b) discriminated against Brazil more than others.
c) encouraged the entry of goods from abroad.
d) allowed Brazil to export more than last year.
e) blamed the international crisis for it imports.
6.2- ESAF
(ESAF / AFRFB / 2014) Questions refer to the following text.
We've been keeping our veterinarian in business lately. First Sammy, our nine-
year-old golden retriever, needed surgery. (She's fine now.) Then Inky, our
curious cat, burned his paw. (He'll be fine, too.) At our last visit, as we were
writing our fourth (or was it the fifth?) consecutive check to the veterinary
hospital, there was much joking about how vet bills should be tax-deductible.
After all, pets are dependents, too, right? (Guffaws all around.)
Now, halfway through tax-filing season, comes news that pets are high on the
list of unusual deductions taxpayers try to claim. From routine pet expenses to
the costs of adopting a pet to, yes, pets as "dependents," tax accountants have
heard it all this year, according to the Minnesota Society of Certified Public
Accountants, which surveys its members annually about the most outlandish
tax deductions proposed by clients. Most of these doggy deductions don't hunt,
but, believe it or not, some do. Could there be a spot for Sammy and Inky on
our 1040?
For most of us, though, our pets are hobbies at most. Something's a hobby if,
among other things, it hasn't turned a profit in at least three of the past five
years (or two of the past seven years in the case of horse training, breeding or
racing). In that case, you can't deduct losses—only expenses to the extent of
income in the same year. So if your beloved Bichon earns $100 for a modeling
gig, you could deduct $100 worth of vet bills (or dog food or doggy attire).
(Source: Carolyn Geer, The Wall Street Journal, retrieved on 13 March 2014 - slightly adapted)
7- The title that best conveys the main purpose of the article is:
a) Sammy and Inky Run Up a Hospital Bill.
b) Vet Bills Should Be Tax-Deductible.
c) Are Your Pets Tax Deductions?
d) The Case for Pets as Dependents.
e) How to Increase Your Tax Refund.
8- The opening sentence of the text reveals that the author has been
a) paying frequent visits to her vet’s pet.
b) making loans to her pets’ veterinary doctor.
c) assisting her vet financially.
The WCO has also developed instruments for international co-operation in the
form of the revised Model Bilateral Agreement (MBA); the Nairobi Convention,
which provides for mutual administrative assistance in the prevention,
investigation and repression of Customs offences; and the Johannesburg
Convention, which provides for mutual administrative assistance in Customs
matters. The WCO’s Customs Control and Enforcement programme therefore
aims to promote effective enforcement practices and encourage co-operation
among its Members and with its various competent partners and stakeholders.
(Source: http://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/enforcement-and-compliance/overview.aspx,
retrieved on 12 March 2014.)
12- The text explains that the mandate of the World Customs
Organisation comprises both
a) enforcement and repression activities.
b) co-operation and training efforts.
c) crime investigation and prevention.
d) direct control and facilitation initiatives.
e) partners and stakeholders.
(ESAF / AFRFB / 2012) Choose the best answer in accordance with Text
2.
Text 2: South Korea banks in rate-rigging investigation
A South Korea financial regulator has started an investigation into alleged
interest rate rigging by some of the country's banks. The Fair Trade Commission
is looking at possible collusion over setting certificates of deposit (CD), used as
a benchmark to set lending rates. It follows the Libor-rigging scandal involving
Barclays and possibly several other UK banks.
A CD is a way of saving with a fixed interest rate and maturity sold by banks
and circulated in the secondary market by brokerages. Financial firms benefit
from a high CD rates as many household loans are linked to them. They are
frequently used to help South Koreans buy homes. The possible rigging of CD
can help flatter companies' financial health.
The indebtedness of South Koreans has become a particular worry to the
authorities as the economy slows.
From: www.bbc.com/news [slightly adapted]
13- The opening paragraph suggests that some South Korean banks
may have:
a) acted dishonestly.
b) deserved commendation.
c) been unfairly attacked.
d) started an investigation.
e) moved to the UK.
17- The author of the article believes that immediately after the 1992
environmental conference
a) his only hope was to visit a famous environmentalist.
b) the response to the event was much the same as now.
c) the United Nations failed to foster any agreements.
d) everybody praised the far-sighted accords reached.
e) the climate began to change all around the world.
amounts of cheese and sausages but not so good at finding smuggled drugs, a
report said on Thursday.
“The deterrent effect of the detection dogs was difficult to measure, but seizures
alone represented a low return on investment, given 1.25 million spent on new
kennels and the costs of operating the unit,” said the report by the Independent
Chief Inspector of Borders and Immigration.
Each dog has its own speciality in detecting goods such as drugs, tobacco, cash
and meat being illegally brought into the airport by the 22 million passengers
who use it annually.
However, the report found that although the sniffers had helped customs seize
46 kg of cigarettes and 181 kg of meat, they had uncovered no class A drugs
between November 2014 and June 2015 even though this was a “very high”
priority.
It said one dog trained to find smuggled animal products had made “multiple
accurate detections, but most were of small amounts of cheese or sausages,
wrongly brought back by returning British holidaymakers and posing minimal
risk to UK public health.”
Managers are now examining how better to deploy the dogs, the report said.
24- The report also considered that the amount spent on the dog
programme is
a) money well spent on detection.
25- The deterrent effect” refers to the possibility that the dogs:
a) discover illicit drugs in passengers’ hand luggage.
b) discourage those who might otherwise bring in drugs.
c) frighten innocent passengers into avoiding customs.
d) spot drugs addicts as they try to enter the country.
e) require the use of special washing powders at the aiport.
6.2- FCC
(FCC /Consultor Legislativo da CL do DF/Constituição e Justiça/ 2018)
Texto
U.S. immigration law provides foreign nationals with a variety of visas to become
lawful permanent residents (get a Green Card) through employment in the
United States. These employment-based (EB) “preference immigrant”
categories include:
This category has several stages that need to be successfully completed prior
to green card sponsorship. This proves to be a lengthier and more rigorous
process than the EB-1 green card.
of training or work experience who may or may not hold a degree; and other or
unskilled workers filling a job that requires less than two years of training or
experience. This category is the most common with a higher number of foreign
nationals that qualify under this preference category and has a lengthy average
approval waiting period of six to nine years.
(Adapted from: https://resources.envoyglobal.com/blog/employment-based-immigration-
a-complete-overview)
• a state or county child welfare official with expertise in child trauma and
development determines that it is in the child's best interests to be removed
because of abuse or neglect; or
• the Chief Patrol Agent or the Area Port Director authorizes separation based
on a documented finding that the child is a trafficking victim or is at significant
risk of becoming a victim, a strong likelihood exists that the adult is not the
parent or legal guardian, or the child is in danger of abuse or neglect.
An agency may not remove a child from a parent or legal guardian solely for the
policy goals of deterring migration to the United States or of promoting
immigration law compliance.
The bill sets forth presumptions: (1) in favor of family and sibling unity and
parental rights, and (2) that detention is not in the best interests of families and
children.
6.3- FGV
(FGV / ANALISTA DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E GESTÃO
GOVERNAMENTAL /CGM-NITERÓI/ 2018)
Text I
In Europe, Weber still rules
Statecrafting
Jul 13, 2016
Steven Van de Walle
countries. The findings have now been published in our book — Public
Administration Reforms in Europe: The View from the Top.
True, many tools and management practices associated with the NPM such as
staff performance talks or management by objectives have become very
common. Across all countries, the almost 7000 top civil servants we surveyed
list achieving results and ensuring an efficient use of resources among the most
important roles they have. They are also in agreement that, compared to five
years ago, the public sector has made major progress in terms of efficiency and
service quality — two main objectives of the NPM.
There are ‘NPM champions’ — countries that have gone further than others in
reforming the Weberian state. Think the UK or the Netherlands, where public
employment is increasingly normalised, and delivery contracted out. But even
there, the structures of traditional public administration remain firmly in place.
Some elements of the NPM are still mainly absent from current management
practice in European countries. Internal steering by contract is not very
common, and performance related pay is very rare despite the popularity in
reform talk. The weak presence of flexible employment also shows that the
Weberian model still dominates. Despite attempts to normalize public
employment in some countries, civil servants still enjoy a unique statute. We
also observed this during the fiscal crisis, where outright firing permanent civil
servants or cutting salaries has been relatively rare.
For civil servants, referring issues upwards in the hierarchy is still the dominant
response in situations when responsibilities or interests conflict with that of
other organisations. European top civil servants consider the impartial
implementation of laws and rules as one of their dominant roles, and largely
prefer state provision of services over market provision, with the exception of
the British, Danish, and Dutch.
There are clear country differences, with management ‘champions’ such as the
UK, Estonia, Norway and the Netherlands, and more legalistic and traditional
public administrations such as in Austria, France, Germany, Hungary and Spain.
The adoption of newer reform ideas suggest that the Weberian state may now
be in decline. Yet some of the other findings of the survey, reported above, show
that Weberianism’s main ideas are still deeply embedded in European countries.
31- Mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F) according to
Text I.
( ) Internal steering by contract and performance related pay are two main
ideas that come from Weber.
( ) Weberian ideals now belong to the past and are only used for historical
interest.
( ) Employment flexibility is one of the tenets of the New Public Management.
The correct sentence is:
a) F-F-T
b) T-T-F
c) F-T-T
d) F-T-F
e) T-F-F
The government wants to open up the Tapajós basin – an area the size of France
– for trade with China. But the indigenous Munduruku won’t let it happen without
a fight
(http://www.dw.com/en/defending-lands-indigenous
Crashing upstream through the São Luiz rapids, the churning river throws the
speedboat around like a child’s toy. There is first a moment of fear, then relief
and finally wonder at crossing a natural boundary that has held back the
destruction of this corner of the Amazon for almost five centuries.
Over the coming years, the Brazilian government – backed by Chinese and
European finance and engineering – wants to turn this river into the world’s
biggest grain canal by building 49 major dams on the Tapajós and its tributaries.
This would make the rapids navigable by barges carrying produce from the
deforested cerrado savanna of Mato Grosso – which produces a third of the
world’s soya – up to the giant container port being planned in the closest city of
Santarém and then out to global markets, particularly in Asia.
The network of dams would also produce 29gW of electricity, increasing Brazil’s
current supply by 25%. A consortium headed by Furnas – a subsidiary of the
state-run energy utility Electrobras – plans to sell the power to distant cities and
to local mining companies that want to unearth the mineral riches under the
forest.
For the Brazilian government, this mega-scheme to open up the Tapajós basin
– which is roughly the area of France – is a linchpin of national economic
development and trade with China. For local politicians, it is an opportunity to
industrialise, expand and enrich
the business of nearby cities, which expect their populations to double in size
over the next 10 years.
34- When the author defines China as “the world’s most numerous
dining tables”, he is referring to its
a) gold mining.
b) water storage.
c) oil production.
d) wood industry.
e) food consumption.
Internal auditors play a pivotal role in the relationship between the government
and citizens. It’s up to auditors to set the appropriate controls to manage federal
programs and also to provide insight into the effectiveness and the soundness
of the government’s inner workings. Put simply, auditors are key to ensuring
the public’s trust in their government is well-founded and not abused.
2. Metrics for Success: In the private sector, business objectives are clear and
are conducive to metrics: more sales, more customers, more revenue, return
on investment, etc. This means it’s extremely easy to determine the efficiency
of audit programs and controls. In the public sphere, metrics aren’t as obvious
because financial and mission objectives are more complex. This complicates
the job immensely.
35- Mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F) according
to Text I.
( ) Private sector auditors have more responsibility than government auditors
on risk-taking decisions.
( ) The weight government auditors take upon themselves is quite heavy.
( ) Part of the auditor’s job is one of mediation between the public and the
government.
The correct sequence is:
a) F-F-T
b) T-T-F
c) F-T-T
d) F-T-F
e) T-F-F
36- The sentence that informs that one of the challenges associated with
governmental-level internal auditing is the problem of continuity is:
a) “Turnover in the political sector is high with appointed executives seldom
lasting for more than two years”.
b) “In the public sphere, metrics aren´t as obvious because financial and
mission objectives are more complex”.
c) “On top of that, newly appointed officials often come from outside
departments or agencies”.
d) “In the private sector, business objectives are clear and are conductive to
metrics”.
e) “Most companies undervalue the importance of risk culture”.
37- The last paragraph states that, when developing campaigns and
programs, auditors should not work
a) by appointment.
b) for the public.
c) in isolation.
d) on demand.
e) at home.
6.4- CESPE
(CESPE /OFICIAL DE INTELIGÊNCIA -ÁREA 1 /2018)
Text
Western intelligence agencies used to inhabit a parallel world where spy battled
spy. Their trade was stealing or guarding secrets. Their masters were the men
and women in government. Today the intelligence services are part of
everyone’s world. Their main task has been to protect society from terrorists
and criminals. They are increasingly held to account in the press, parliaments
and courts.
The revolution has brought spying closer to ordinary people. After the attacks
on America on September 11th 2001, counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency
became the focus for the American intelligence agencies. Almost two-thirds of
today’s intelligence personnel have been hired since 9/11. As the world has
moved online, so the spooks have become involved in monitoring organized
crime and paedophiles as well as terrorists.
In a not very remote past, spies sent coded messages using short-wave radios
and dead letter boxes. Now the communications of the spooks’ new targets are
mixed in with everyone else’s, shuttling between computers and smartphones
that are identical to those on your desk and in your pocket. Counter-terrorism,
in particular, is pre-emptive. Hence the security services have had to act as
hunters of conspiracies rather than gatherers of evidence.
Western intelligence — Shaken and stirred.
However, despite claims that the agencies are working in the interest of national
security, critics counter that overbearing surveillance practices erode and
restrict many civil liberties. In spite of the introduction of restrictions in the USA
and Germany, Great Britain appears to be heading in the opposite direction
when it comes to surveillance policy, with the UK’s Conservative government
putting forward plans to grant spy agencies yet more powers to deal with threats
to national security.
The British government has outlined its highly controversial plan to introduce
the Investigatory Powers Bill, which would grant agencies not only more power
but also allow them to force Internet companies to log and track users’ web
history for up to a year to allow for the police and security services access. It is
thought the plan would also compel companies to collect and hold data on
mobile phone applications like WhatsApp and Snapchat.
Snowden: the legacy of the Leaks. Internet: <www.mintpressnews> (adapted).
41- According to the text, the events that followed the September
11th attacks, as well as the systematic leaking of government classified
material, have helped shape the way some intelligence agencies have
been operating.
42- The author of the text implies that the fight against terrorism is
no longer a major priority for Anglo-American intelligence services.
Brian Hocking and Jan Melissen. Diplomacy in the digital age. 2015, p. 9. Internet:
<www.clingendael.org> (adapted).
Decide whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E) according
to text I.
44- The text lists three different kinds of change which affect diplomacy:
those originated in international and domestic scenarios; those coming from
the main centres of authority; and the ones which are related to societal
transformations.
45- Due to the close relationship that exists between diplomacy and
communication, diplomats have managed to bring their communicative
skills to perfection in order to work autonomously with new digital
media.
46- The authors are critical of the kind of explanation analysts have
given for the phenomenon of diplomacy in the digital age, which,
according to the authors, should be approached more thoroughly.
It may sound ridiculous, if not provocative, to posit that the panda bear in the
zoo is China. But this is merely an extension of the basic premise of diplomatic
theory. Why should only human individuals be able to represent a state? In
periods of conflict, flags (material objects) are burnt, walls are erected,
monuments torn down; in times of better political mood, heads of states
exchange precious gifts with each other, while embassy buildings in foreign
countries enjoy a “sacred” legal status. Flags, walls, monuments, gifts, and the
embassies re-present, i.e. “bring into presence,” a country, and actions toward
these objects address the states they represent.
And there are good grounds for sensing a foreign policy tool in the giant pandas
that now reside in zoos all over the world. They prominently embody China’s
modern public diplomacy; they are non-human material deliberately deployed
by the Chinese government to the soil of other states; and they have, at times,
served as the primary means of expressing inter-state sentiment — during times
of both conflict and cooperation —, in instances of the so-called “panda
diplomacy”.
Andreas Pacher. The Diplomat. Nov./2017. Internet: <https://thediplomat.com> (adapted).
Decide whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E) according
to text.
48- The passage “The previously cute panda may suddenly strike
them as strange” indicates that people may become aware that panda
bears kept outside China can be signs of international political forces.
49- One can correctly infer from the text that the author is against
the exploitation of animals for political or diplomatic ends.
51- The point made by the author in “Unfortunately, it was (…) that
of representation” would remain the same if this passage were
rewritten as Sadly, only recently have political scientists started to
actively engage in the study of diplomacy as a conceptual phenomenon,
and this delay has led to the irrefutable axiom of representation.
7- Gabarito