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INTRODUÇÃO À
BIOESTATÍSTICA: Capítulo 4
Aluna:
Curso: Nutrição.
Orientador: Prof DSc.
Vitória
2022
CAPÍTULO
4: Medidas de
tendência
central
SÍMBOLOS MATEMÁTICOS
• Símbolo: figura que representa á vista o que é puramente visto
• Símbolos Matemáticos
MÉDIA DA AMOSTRA
Number of women n = 1,495,499 n = 45,485 n = 141,622 n = 485,036 n = 395,331 n = 206,067 n = 102,942 n = 88,582 n = 29,630
% of total 100% 3.04% 9.47% 32.5% 26.4% 13.8% 6.88% 5.92% 1.98%
Age, years ± SD 28.3 ± 5.1 26.6 ± 5.0 27.5 ± 4.9 28.2 ± 4.9 28.5 ± 5.0 28.6 ± 5.2 28.6 ± 5.3 28.4 ± 5.3 28.6 ± 5.3
Height, mean ± SD 166 ± 6.3 166 ± 6.6 167 ± 6.2 167 ± 6.1 166 ± 6.3 166 ± 6.5 166 ± 6.5 166 ± 6.2 166 ± 6.5
Weight, mean ± SD 65.7 ± 12 48.7 ± 4.6 53.9 ± 4.2 59.2 ± 4.7 65.3 ± 5.3 72.0 ± 5.9 78.9 ± 6.5 87.9 ± 7.5 105.2 ± 12.4
BMI, mean ± SD 23.8 ± 4.0 17.6 ± 0.9 19.4 ± 0.4 21.3 ± 0.7 23.7 ± 0.7 26.1 ± 0.7 28.6 ± 0.7 32.0 ± 1.4 38.3 ± 3.3
First parity, n (%) 1,076,840 33,692 (74.0) 104,831 352,940 (72.6) 284,089 (71.9) 146,232 (70.1) 72,008 (70.0) 61,498 21,550 (72.7)
(72.0) (74.0) (69.4)
Smoking, n (%)* 226,261 (15.1) 8928 (19.7) 23,851 72,328 (14.9) 55,451 (14.0) 29,528 (14.4) 15,926 (15.5) 15,172 5077 (17.2)
(16.9) (17.1)
Hypertension, n (%) 6694 (0.45) 110 (0.24) 338 (0.24) 1428 (0.29) 1532 (0.39) 1062 (0.52) 748 (0.73) 984 (1.11) 492 (1.66)
Diabetes, n (%) 9367 (0.63) 97 (0.21) 351 (0.25) 1941 (0.40) 2571 (0.65) 1742 (0.85) 1026 (1.00) 1099 (1.24) 540 (1.82)
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) 341 (0.02) 12 (0.02) 29 (0.02) 102 (0.02) 97 (0.03) 45 (0.02) 19 (0.02) 28 (0.03) 9 (0.03)
Heart failure n (%) 217 (0.01) 5 (0.01) 21 (0.02) 50 (0.01) 53 (0.01) 41 (0.02) 16 (0.02) 17 (0.02) 14 (0.05)
Cardiomyopathy, n (%) 142 (0.01) 5 (0.01) 8 (0.01) 45 (0.01) 33 (0.01) 21 (0.01) 9 (0.01) 14 (0.02) 7 (0.02)
Congenital heart disease, n (%) 3747 (0.3) 137 (0.3) 363 (0.3) 1070 (0.2) 968 (0.2) 550 (0.3) 273 (0.3) 272 (0.3) 114 (0.4)
Valvular disease, n (%) 730 (0.05) 25 (0.05) 79 (0.06) 223 (0.05) 184 (0.05) 89 (0.04) 54 (0.05) 56 (0.06) 20 (0.07)
Cancer, n (%) 5253 (0.35) 144 (0.32) 489 (0.35) 1587 (0.33) 1404 (0.36) 784 (0.38) 376 (0.37) 350 (0.40) 119 (0.40)
Education, n (%) †
≤9 years 214,635 (14.3) 9924 (21.9) 21,322 62,064 (13.0) 51,961 (13.1) 30,481 (14.8) 17,066 (16.6) 16,209 5608 (18.9)
(15.1) (18.3)
10–12 years 701,805 (46.9) 20,831 (45.8) 63,571 218,586 (45.0) 183,435 (46.4) 100,040 (48.6) 51,903 (50.4) 46,948 16,491 (55.7)
(44.9) (53.0)
>12 years 566,908 (37.9) 14,191 (31.2) 55,511 201,480 (41.5) 157,000 (39.7) 73,835 (35.8) 33,040 (32.1) 24,578 7273 (24.6)
(39.2) (27.8)
All BMI < 18.50 BMI 18.5–<20 BMI 20– < 22.5 BMI 22.5– < 25 BMI 25– < 27.5 BMI 27.5– < 30 BMI 30– < 35 BMI ≥ 35
Number of women n = 1,495,499 n = 45,485 n = 141,622 n = 485,840 n = 395,331 n = 206,067 n = 102,942 n = 88,582 n = 29,630
% of total 100% 3.04% 9.47% 32.5% 26.4% 13.8% 6.88% 5.92% 1.98%
AMI, n 3295 76 249 822 863 485 339 340 121
Age at AMI diagnosis, years ± SD 49.8 ± 7.8 48.6 ± 7.5 49.7 ± 7.9 50.3 ± 7.9 49.9 ± 7.8 49.8 ± 7.6 49.3 ± 8.0 49.8 ± 8.0 47.4 ± 6.9
Follow-up time, median (IQR) 16.3 (7.7–23.5) 17.5 (8.0–23.5) 18.1 (8.4–26.3) 18.4 (8.8–27.0) 16.4 (7.9–25.4) 14.4 (7.0–22.2) 13.5 (6.4–21.9) 12.8 (5.9–21.5) 10.1 (5.0–17.3)
Cases per 100,000 observation years (95% CI) 13.4 (13.0–13.9) 9.9 (7.8–12.4) 10.2 (9.0–11.5) 9.6 (9.0–10.3) 13.2 (12.3–14.1) 15.4 (14.1–16.9) 22.4 (20.1–24.9) 27.0 (24.2–30.0) 34.7 (28.8–41.4)
Ischemic stroke, n 4375 117 349 1311 1110 608 381 368 131
Age at ischemic stroke diagnosis, years ± SD 47.3 ± 9.6 44.7 ± 9.6 46.2 ± 9.7 47.4 ± 9.6 47.2 ± 9.6 48.2 ± 9.5 47.9 ± 9.9 47.5 ± 9.2 46.6 ± 9.8
Follow-up time, median (IQR) 16.2 (7.7–23.5) 17.5 (7.9–23.5) 18.1 (8.3–26.3) 18.4 (8.7–27.0) 16.4 (7.9–25.4) 14.4 (7.0–22.2) 13.5 (6.4–21.9) 12.7 (5.9–21.5) 10.1 (5.0–17.3)
Cases per 100,000 observation years (95% CI) 17.8 (17.3–18.3) 15.3 (12.7–18.3) 14.3 (12.8–15.9) 15.3 (14.5–16.2) 17.0 (16.0–18.0) 19.4 (17.9–21.0) 25.2 (22.7–27.8) 29.2 (26.3–32.3) 37.6 (31.4–44.6)
Cardiovascular mortality, n 1429 39 122 397 331 205 127 152 56
Age at cardiovascular death, years ± SD 50.4 (9.6) 47.9 (9.6) 50.2 (8.9) 49.7 (9.5) 50.5 (9.8) 50.9 (9.6) 51.3 (9.2) 51.2 (9.4) 50.9 (10.7)
Follow-up time, median (IQR) 16.3 (7.7–23.6) 17.5 (8.0–23.5) 18.1 (8.4–26.3) 18.4 (8.8–27.0) 16.4 (7.9–25.6) 14.4 (7.0–22.3) 13.5 (6.4–21.9) 12.8 (5.9–21.5) 10.2 (5.0–17.3)
Cases per 100,000 observation years (95% CI) 5.8 (5.5–6.1) 5.1 (3.6–7.0) 5.0 (4.1–6.0) 4.6 (4.2–5.1) 5.1 (4.5–5.6) 6.5 (5.7–7.5) 8.4 (7.0–10.0) 12.0 (10.2–14.1) 16.0 (12.1–20.8)
Mortality from any cause, n 16,596 555 1595 5431 4362 2118 1093 1127 315
Age at all-cause death, years ± SD 47.6 (9.8) 46.8 (9.8) 47.2 (9.9) 47.7 (9.8) 47.8 (9.9) 47.6 (9.9) 47.6 (9.6) 47.9 (9.8) 47.8 (10.3)
Follow-up time, median (IQR) 16.3 (7.7–23.6) 17.5 (8.0–23.5) 18.1 (8.4–26.3) 18.4 (8.8–27.0) 16.4 (7.9–25.6) 14.4 (7.0–22.3) 13.5 (6.4–21.9) 12.8 (5.9–21.5) 10.2 (5.0–17.3)
Cases per 100,000 observation years (95% CI) 67.5 (66.4–68.5) 72.5 (66.6–78.8) 65.2 (62.0–68.5) 63.4 (61.7–65.1) 66.6 (64.6–68.6) 67.4 (64.5–70.3) 72.1 (67.9–76.5) 89.2 (84.0–94.5) 90.1 (80.4–
100.6)
Data presented as mean ± SD except for event count (n) and event rate (events/100,000 years (95% CI)).
CI: confidence interval; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation.
Referências
• VIEIRA, Sonia. Introdução à bioestatística. 4. ed. Rio de Janeiro:
Campus, 1980.
• Pigi Dikaiou, Lena Björck, Martin Adiels, Christina E Lundberg,
Zacharias Mandalenakis, Karin Manhem, Annika Rosengren, Obesity,
overweight and risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality in young
women, European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Volume 28, Issue
12, November 2021, Pages 1351–1359,
https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487320908983