APRESENTAO DO CURSO O que ingls instrumental? Como surgiu? English for Specific Purposes (E.S.

.P), que em portugus quer dizer: Ingls com Objetivos Especficos, tambm chamado de ingls instrumental ou tcnico, ou seja, a habilidade de entender textos em lngua inglesa usando estratgias especficas de leitura. Surgiu com a necessidade de comunicao rpida e eficaz em vrios contextos mundiais. Como por exemplo: durante a guerra, os soldados precisavam aprender o idioma do inimigo para sobreviverem, este vocabulrio bsico era visto no avio, navio, nos campos de batalha. Com o passar do tempo, outros contextos sociais foram surgindo, como: a necessidade de leitura de livros, revistas, catlogos, instrues operacionais, manuais escritos em ingls que precisavam ser compreendidos pelos usurios, etc. Sendo assim, torna-se necessrio uma abordagem especfica da lngua Inglesa, que atenda as necessidades profissionais dos estudantes, que so leitura e compreenso de livros. E assim, o Ingls Instrumental possui o objetivo de desenvolver a habilidade de leitura, isto , de compreenso de textos de diversas reas do conhecimento escritos em lngua inglesa, utilizando para isso estratgias de leitura, a fim de tornar o aluno capaz de compreender um texto da sua rea de estudo. Nesse enfoque, a leitura conta com o conhecimento prvio dos leitores. O ingls instrumental consiste no treinamento instrumental dessa lngua, em que as habilidades tm por objetivo extrair conhecimentos para reas especficas de estudo. Vale lembrar que o ingls instrumental ou tcnico pode ou no visar a comunicao oral em ingls, entretanto, para os cursos de WEB e REDES sua principal habilidade a ser trebalhada ser a leitura e o estudo de gramtica, restringindo-a a um mnimo necessrio, ou seja, associando-a ao texto. Mtodo Desenvolve a leitura ("reading") de forma limitada a um objetivo especfico, atravs da habilidade de manipular textos em lngua inglesa, tentando assimilar a compreenso geral e inferir informaes especficas. A gramtica ensinada de forma contextualizada a um objetivo especfico. Traduo dos textos Para nosso curso no h traduo, porm outros mtodos so utilizados como, por exemplo: deduo, contexto semntico, reconhecimento de afixos, cognatos e vocabulrio da rea.

ETEC SO MATEUS

MATERIAL DE APOIO DE INGLS INSTRUMENTAL

PARA O CURSO TCNICO EM ELETRNICA

Professora Graciane Reis da Silva Carvalho

2011

Skimming: leitura rpida para ter-se uma idia central do texto. Os cognatos podem ser: Scanning: leitura com objetivo de encontrar algumas informaes especficas no texto. Prediction: significa inferir o contedo de um texto atravs de seu conhecimento prvio sobre o tema (background); atravs do contexto semntico (palavras de um mesmo grupo, por exemplo: hospital, nurse, doctor, ambulance); contexto lingstico (pistas gramaticais); contexto no-lingstico (gravuras, grficos, tabelas, nmeros, etc.); conhecimento sobre estrutura do texto (lay out, ttulo, subttulo, diviso de pargrafos, etc.). Vale ressaltar a importncia do conhecimento prvio do leitor e das suas expectativas e dedues em relao ao texto.

Idnticos: Exs.: radio, piano, hospital, hotel, sofa, nuclear, social, total, particular, chance, camera, inventor, etc. Bastante parecidos: Exs.: gasoline, banks, inflation, intelligent, population, revolution, commercial, attention, different, products, secretary, billion, dramatic, deposits, distribution, automatic, television, public, events, models, etc. Vagamente parecidos: Exs.: electricity, responsible, explain, activity, impossible, lamp, company, etc.

ABILITIES AND OTHER FACILITATORS

Cognates: so palavras de origem grega ou latina bem parecidas com as do portugus. Ex. different diferente, infection infeco. Obs.: Ateno com os falsos cognatos. Ex. pretend no significa pretender, mas sim, fingir; importante observar se a palavra se encaixa no contexto. Repeated words: se uma palavra aparece vrias vezes no texto, isto significa que ela importante para a compreenso do mesmo. Typographical Evidences: so smbolos, letras maisculas, negrito, itlico, etc., que do dicas teis sobre o texto. Selectivity: leitura seletiva, isto , selecionar os trechos onde se quer encontrar uma determinada informao (pargrafos, por exemplo). Dictionary: o dicionrio deve ser utilizado como ltimo recurso para se descobrir o significado de uma palavra ou expresso desconhecida. Isso para que a leitura no seja lenta demais, e para que o leitor no desanime tendo que parar toda vez que encontrar algo desconhecido. FALSOS COGNATOS Tambm chamados de falsos amigos, os falsos cognatos so palavras normalmente derivadas do latim, que tm portanto a mesma origem e que aparecem em diferentes idiomas com ortografia semelhante, mas que ao longo dos tempos acabaram adquirindo significados diferentes. Abaixo est a tabela de falsos cognatos.
EM INGLS ACTUAL ACTUALLY ADVERTISE ALUMNUS AMASS APPLICATION APPOINTMENT ARGUMENT ASSIST ATTEND AUDIENCE AVAILABLE BALCONY BARRACS BATON BEEF BOND CAFETERIA EM PORTUGUS REAL NA VERDADE ANNCIO EX-ALUNO ACUMULAR INSCRIO HORA MARCADA DISCUSSO AJUDAR FREQUENTAR PLATIA, PBLICO DISPONVEL SACADA QUARTEL BATUTA, CACETETE CARNE DE GADO LAO, LIGAO REFEITRIO MAS PARECE SER ATUAL ATUALMENTE ADVERTIR ALUNO AMASSAR APLICAO APONTAMENTO ARGUMENTO ASSISTIR ATENDER AUDINCIA AVALIAR BALCO BARRACA BATOM BIFE BUNDE CAFETERIA EM INGLS PRESENT NOWADAYS, TODAY WARN PUPIL WRINKLE, DENT, CRUSH INVESTMENT NOTE REASONING ATTEND ANSWER, SERVE COURT APPEARENCE EVALUATE COUNTER HUT, TENT LIPSTICK STEAK STREERCAR, TRAM COFFEE SHOP

COGNATOS Muito comuns na Lngua Inglesa, os cognatos so palavras de procedncia grega ou latina, bastante parecidas com as da Lngua Portuguesa, tanto na forma, como no significado.

CAMERA CARTON CASUALTY CIGAR COLLAR COLLEGE COMMODITY COMPASS COMPETITION COMPREHENSIVE CONDUCTOR CONTEST CONVENIENT CONVICT COSTUME DATA DECEPTION DECORATE DEFENDANT DESIGN DISGUST DIVERT EDITOR EDUCATED EMISSION ENROLL ESTATE EXCITING EXIT EXPERT EXQUISITE FABRIC FAMILIAR FILE GRIP INCOME TAX RETURN INGENIOUS INGENUITY INJURY INJURY

MQ. FOTOGRFICA CAIXA DE PAPELO FATALIDADE CHARUTO GOLA, COLARINHO FACULDADE ARTIGO, MERCADORIA BSSOLA CONCORRNCIA COMPLETO, TOTAL COBRADOR COMPETIO, CONCURSO PRTICO CONDENADO ROUPA, FANTASIA DADOS, INFORMAES LOGRO, FRAUDE DECORAR(ORNAMEN TAR) RU PROJETO, CRIAO, ESTILO NUSEA DESVIAR REDATOR INSTRUDO DESCARGA ALISTAR-SE PROPRIEDADE, IMVEL EMPOLGANTE SADA PERITO APURADO TECIDO CONHECIDO ARQUIVO AGARRAR FIRME DECLARAO DE IMPOSTO DE RENDA CRIATIVO, ENGENHOSO ENGENHOSIDADE FERIMENTO FERIMENTO

CMARA CARTO CASUALIDADE CIGARRO COLAR COLGIO COMODIDADE COMPASSO COMPETIO COMPREENSIVO CONDUTOR CONTEXTO CONVENIENTE CONVICTO COSTUME DATA DECEPO DECORAR(SABER DE COR) DEFENDER DESIGNAR DESGOSTO DIVERTIR EDITOR EDUCADO EMISSO ENROLLAR ESTADO EXCITANTE XITO ESPERTO ESQUISITO FBRICA FAMILIAR FILA GRIPE DEVOLUO DE IMPOSTO DE RENDA INGNUO INGENUIDADE INJRIA INJURIA

CHAMBER, TUBE CARD CASUALLNESS CIGARETTE NECKLACE HIGH SCHOOL COMFORT A PAIR OF COMPASSES CONTEST UNDERSTANDING DRIVER CONTEXT APPROPRIATE CERTAIN CUSTOM, HABIT DATE DISAPPOINTMENT MEMORIZE DEFEND APPOINT GRIEF ENJOY PUBLISHER POLITE ISSUE WIND, CURL STATE THRILLING SUCCESS SMART WEIRD FACTORY MEMBER OF THE FAMILY LINE, QUEUE COLD INCOME TAX REFUND NAIVE NAIVETY INSULT INSULT

INSCRIPTION INTEND INTOXICATION INTRODUCE JOURNAL JUST LAMP LARGE LECTURE LEGEND LIBRARY LUNCH LUXURY MAGAZINE MANAGE MAYOR MOISTURE MOROSE NOTICE NOVEL OFFICE ORDINARY ORE PARENTS PARTICULAR PASTA PHYSICIAN POLICY PORT PORTER PREJUDICE PRESCRIBE PRESENTLY PRETEND PREVENT PROCURE PROFESSOR PROPAGANDA PROPER PULL PUSH

RAVAO EM RELEVO PRETENDER EMBRIAGUEZ APRESENTAR PERIDICO NUM DADO MOMENTO, APENAS LUMINRIA GRANDE PALESTRA LENDA BIBLIOTECA ALMOO LUXO REVISTA ADMINISTRAR, CONSEGUIR PREFEITO UMIDADE RABUGENTO PERCEBER ROMANCE ESCRITRIO COMUM MINRIO PAIS ESPECFICO MASSA MDICO POLTICA, NORMA PORTO CARREGADOR PRECONCEITO RECEITAR LOGO, EM BREVE FINGIR IMPEDIR CONSEGUIR, ADQUIRIR PROFESSOR DE UNIVERSIDADE DIVULGAODE IDIAS APROPRIADO, ADEQUADO PUXAR EMPURRAR

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INSCRIO ENTENDER INTOXICAO INTRODUZIR JORNAL JUSTO(APERTADO DE JUSTIA) LMPADA LARGO LEITURA LEGENDA LIVRARIA LANCHE LUXRIA MAGAZINE MANEJAR MAIOR MISTURE MOROSO NOTCIA NOVELA OFICIAL ORDINRIO OURO PARENTES PARTICULAR PASTA FSICO POLCIA PORTA PORTEIRO PREJUZO PRESCREVER PRESENTEMENTE PRETENDER PREVENIR PROCURAR PROFESSOR PROPAGANDA PRPRIO PULAR PUXAR APPLICATION UNDERSTAND POISONING INSERT NEWSPAPER TIGHT - FAIR LIGHT BULB WIDE READING SUBTITLE BOOKSTORE SNACK LUST DEPARTMENT STORE HANDLE BIGGER MIXTURE SLOW NEWS SOAP OPERA OFFICIAL VULGAR GOLD RELATIVES PRIVATE FOLDER, PASTE PHYSICAL POLICE DOOR DOORMAN DAMAGE EXPIRE NOW INTEND WARN LOOK FOR TEACHER ADVERTISEMENT OWN JUMP PULL

RANGE REALIZE RECLAIM RECORD REPORT REQUIREMENT RESPITE RESUME RSUM RETIRE SCHOLAR SENSIBLE SORT STABLE STRANGER STUPID SUPPORT SYMPATHETIC TAX TEMPER TENANT TENTATIVE TURN TUTOR UNIQUE USE VEGETABLES VINE VOYAGE

VARIAR, COBRIR PERCEBER RECUPERAR GRAVAR, DISCO RELATRIO REQUISITO INTERVALO, PAUSA RECOMEAR CURRCULO APOSENTAR ERUDITO, LETRADO SENSATO ESPCIE, ESCOLHER FIRME, ESTVEL DESCONHECIDO BURRO SUSTENTAR, APOIAR COMPREENSIVO, SOLIDRIO IMPOSTO TEMPERAMENTO, GNIO INQUILINO PROVISRIO VEZ, VOLTA PROFESSOR PARTICULAR DIFERENTE, SEM IGUAL UTILIZAR, USAR VERDURAS, LEGUMES VINHA, VIDEIRA VIAGEM DE BARCO, NAVE ESPACIAL

RANGER REALIZAR RECLAMAR RECORDAR REPRTER REQUERIMENTO RESPEITO RESUMIR RESUMO RETIRAR ESCOLAR SENSIVEL SORTE ESTBULO ESTRANGEIRO ESTPIDO SUPORTAR SIMPTICO TAXA TEMPERO TENENTE TENTATIVA TURNO TUTOR NICO USAR (VESTIR) VEGETAIS VINHO VIAGEM

CREAK, GUARDA FLORESTAL ACCOMPLISH COMPLAIN REMEMBER, RECALL REPORTER REQUEST, PETITION RESPECT SUMMARIZE SUMMARY WITHDRAW SCHOOLBOY SENSITIVE LUCK BARN FOREIGNER RUDE BEAR, STAND, TOLERATE NICE, PLEASANT, FRIENDLY FEE CONDIMENT LIEUTENANT ATTEMPT, TRY SHIFT GUARDIAN THE ONLY ONE WEAR PLANTS WINE JOURNEY, TRIP, TRAVEL

Exercite no texto abaixo alguns falsos cognatos:

A DAY AT WORK

In the morning I attended a meeting between management and union representatives. The discussion was very comprehensive, covering topics like working hours, days off, retirement age, etc. Both sides were interested in an agreement and ready to compromise. The secretary recorded everything in the notes. Eventually, they decided to set a new meeting to sign the final draft of the agreement. Back at the office, a colleague of mine asked me if I had realized that the proposed agreement would be partially against the company policy not to accept workers that have already retired. I pretended to be really busy and late for an appointment, and left for the cafeteria. Actually, I didn't want to discuss the matter at that particular moment because there were some strangers in the office. After lunch I attended a lecture given by the mayor, who is an expert in tax legislation and has a graduate degree in political science. He said his government intends to assist welfare programs and senior citizens, raise funds to improve college education and build a public library, and establish tougher limits on vehicle emissions because he assumes this is what the people expect from the government.

Escreva o verdadeiro significado das palavras em destaque: ___________________ ___________________ _________________ ___________________ ___________________ _________________ ___________________ ___________________ _________________ ___________________ ___________________ _________________ ___________________ ___________________ _________________ ___________________ ___________________ _________________

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Arm Bachelor Balance Ball Bar Bat Cancel Capital Case DOUBLE SENSE WORDS comum a todas as lnguas a ocorrncia de palavras com significado ou funo gramatical mltiplos. Freqentemente este mltiplo sentido em um idioma no tem correspondente em outro. Quer dizer: os termos nem sempre cobrem as mesmas reas de significado entre diferentes idiomas. Este fenmeno, tambm chamado de polissemia, ocorre com qualquer idioma; assim como o portugus, o ingls tambm tem inmeras palavras de mltiplo significado. , entretanto a ocorrncia do fenmeno na lngua me do aluno que causa maior dificuldade. Partir do geral para o particular sempre mais difcil do que o inverso. Portanto, sempre que diferentes idias representadas pela mesma palavra na lngua me do aluno corresponderem a diferentes palavras na segunda lngua, o mesmo ter dificuldades em expressar-se corretamente. As diferentes palavras do ingls que correspondem aos diferentes significados da palavra do portugus podem eventualmente funcionar como sinnimos, portanto neutralizando o contraste entre os dois idiomas. O objetivo, entretanto, mostrar os contrastes nas ocorrncias mais usuais do vocabulrio ingls moderno. Ingls Abstract Affiliate Affluent Ambulant Apology Application Apply Argument Primeiro significado Abstrato Filiar-se Afluente Paciente de Ambulatrio Apologia Aplicao Aplicar Argumento Segundo significado Resumo Determinar Paternidade Rico Capaz de Caminhar Desculpas Requerimento Inscrever-se Discusso Cell Character China Class Classified Club Coll Collect Compass Confirmed Consistent Content Date Directory Easy Effective Entertain Faculty Figure Fix General Individual Interest Just Legend Letter Match Arma Bacharel Balana Bola Bar Basto de beisebol Cancelar Capital Caso Clula Carter China Classe Classificado Clube Fresco Colecionar Compasso Confirmado Consistente Contente Date Diretoria Fcil Efetivo Entreter Faculdade (mental) Figura Fixar General Individual Interesse Justo Legenda Letra Ligar (Relacionar) Brao Solteiro Equilbrio Baile, Bala (projtil) Barra Morcego Carimbar Maiscula Estojo Cela Personagem, caractere Porcelana Aula Confidencial Taco de golfe Legal Cobrar, coletar Bssola Inveterado Compatvel Contedo Tmara, Encontro Lista telefnica Em Paz / Confortvel Verdadeiro Receber visitas Corpo Docente Nmero Consertar Geral Indivduo Juros Apenas Lenda Carta Partida (Jogo)

Major Manifest Mark Mass Matter Medicine Move Observe Official Oil Operator Order Park Period Plant Principal Pupil Race Rare Record Rest Retire Roll Save Scale Sequel Spectacles Spirits Story Subject To Play Turkey Vice

Major Manifesto Marca Massa Matria Medicina Mover Observar Oficial leo Operador Ordem Parque Perodo Planta Principal Pupila Raa Raro Recorde Resto Retirar Rolo Salvar Escala Sequela Espetculos Espritos Estria Sujeito Jogar/ Brincar Turquia Vice

Principal bvio Nota Missa Assunto Remdio Mudar Celebrar Autoridade Petrleo Telefonista Pedido Estacionar Menstruao Fbrica Diretor da escola Aluno Corrida Mal passado (carne) Gravar Descansar Aposentar Lista Economizar Balana Sequencia culos Bebida alcolica Pavimento, andar Assunto Tocar / Imitar Peru Vcio

1) I need to cancel your documents. ( ) cancelar ( ) carimbar 2) She is the principal of the school. ( ) diretora ( ) principal 3) His mark was terrible. ( ) marca ( ) nota 4) The operator (a) gave me the wrong number of the plant (b). a- ( ) operador ( ) telefonista b- ( ) planta ( ) fbrica 5) We are lost. We need a compass now. ( ) bssola ( ) compasso 6) He is the most famous bachelor of the party. ( ) bacharel ( ) solteiro 7) Do you know the capital (a) of China (b)? a- ( ) capital ( ) principal b- ( ) porcelana ( ) China 8) Brasilia is the capital of Brazil. ( ) capital ( ) maiscula 9) I use capital letter to write my name. ( ) capital ( )maiscula 10) I appreciate Chinese china. ( ) porcelana ( ) China 11) John collects caps. ( ) coleciona ( ) cobrou

B) D os respectivos significados das palavras repetidas em cada segmento: 1) a) Mike is not married. He is a bachelor. b) He finished the college last year. Now, he is a bachelor in Biology. 2) We have a directory in order to look for the telephone numbers of the students. This directory is in the directory of the school. 3) The character of this film has a bad character.

EXERCCIOS A) Assinale o significado correto das palavras em destaque nas sentenas:

4) You have to write the names of the capitals with capital letters.

5. ALTERNATIVA - otherwise: por outro lado - or: ou - or else: ou ento, ou ainda - either ... or: ou... ou - while, whereas: enquanto

6. REITERAO:
- that is: isto CONECTORES - in other words: em outras palavras - in short, in brief: em resumo - i.e. : (do latim) isto - that is to say: quer dizer 7. COMPARAO: - like, as: como - than: do que

1. ADIO:
- and : e - in addition, furthermore, besides, moreover: alm disso - as well as: assim como - also: tambm - apart from: com exceo de - both....and: ambos; tanto como - not only ... but also: no apenas...mas tambm CONTRASTE/CONCESSO/ADVERSATIVA: - but: mas - however, neverthless: entretanto - yet: entretanto, ainda - although, even though, though: embora - nonetheless, notwithstanding: no obstante - despite that, in spite of: apesar de - rather than, instead of: em vez de - whereas: enquanto PROPSITO: - in order to: a fim de - so as to: de modo que

8. ILUSTRAO:
- e.g. : (do latim) por exemplo - for instance, for example: por exemplo - such as: tal como - namely: a saber - viz: (do latim) quer dizer

2.

9. CONDIO:
- if: se - unless: se no, a menos que - provided that: uma vez que - on condition that: desde que - as long as: uma vez que - subject to: sujeito a - wether: se

3.

4. CONSEQUNCIA/CONCLUSO: - therefore: portanto - consequently, as a result: consequentemente - accordingly: de acordo, adequadamente - hence: pois, ento, da - thus: assim - thereby: assim, desse modo - then: ento - so: ento, pois - finally: finalmente

10. CAUSA:
- because: porque - due to: devido a - as: porque - since: uma vez que

11. DVIDA OU HIPTESE:

- perhaps, maybe: talvez - possibly: possivelmente

8 12. TEMPORAL: - when: quando while: enquanto

pre (antes) Mini, micro Macro, mega Inter (entre) Premarital Minicomputer Macroeconomics Interface prefix prehistory Microcomputer Megabyte Interactive

FORMAO DE PALAVRAS AFIXOS (Material extrado do livro: Tcnicas de Leitura em Ingls. Eiter Otavio Guandalini. p. 37-39.) Algumas palavras que aparecem nos textos demandam um pouco mais de ateno para inferi-las e reconhec-las durante a leitura. So as chamadas palavras derivadas, ou seja, palavras que apresentam componentes denominados genericamente de afixos que podem ser prefixos ou sufixos. O conhecimento da formao das palavras muito til, sem dvida, para sua compreenso. Isto significa que necessrio reconhecer os afixos mais comumente usados na lngua que se que aprender e, naturalmente, seu significado. Sufixos e prefixos podem ser acrescentados s palavras dando-lhes novos significados e, quase sempre, alternando sua classe gramatical. Portanto, ateno: habitue-se a descobrir ou reconhecer o significado de palavras e expresses atravs de prefixos e sufixos, da nova posio que ocupam na frase, como tambm na alterao da classe gramatical. A fim de facilitar sua identificao, colocamos a seguir uma lista com os afixos mais usados na lngua inglesa. Prefixao o prefixo muda o significado da palavra primitiva, mas no muda a classe gramatical. a (sem) anti (contra) dis (oposto) il, ir, im, in (no) mis (errado) non (no) un (no) over(excesso,alm) Amoral Anti-clockwise Disagree Illegal Misunderstand Nonsense Unmagnetized Overdose apolitical anti-nuclear dishonest irregular misdirect non-fiction uncommon overeat asexual Antichrist disloyal imperfect /incomplete misaddress non-programable unprofessional

Sufixao o sufixo pode mudar a classe gramatical da palavra sem mudar-lhe o sentido primitivo. Formao de verbos: Freshen - en Simplify - ify Centralize - ize Formao de advrbios Logically - ly (mente) - ward (em direo) Downward Formao de substantivos: - ance / ence - or - er - ee - ist - ion - ment - ity - ism - ness - dom - hood - ship Tolerance Operator Trainer Trainee Economist Education Investment Sincerity Modernism Happiness Freedom Childhood Friendship Preference Accumulator Employer Employee Scientist Collision development Generosity Buddhism Darkness Kingdom Brotherhood Partnership Performance programmer Dentist Compilation comparably homeward Yearly Inward annually

blacken solidify modernize

Harden computerize

Magnetism

relationship

Formao de adjetivos: - able, ible - an, ian - ful Programmable American Powerful Admirable Sagitarian Hopeful Divisible suburban wonderful/beautiful

-y - ic - ical/al - less

Tasty Poetic Sociological Homeless

Healthy Democratic Magical Childless

Wireless

TEXTO 3 Lamps can be connected in series or in parallel. If you connect lamps in parallel the lamps stay the same brightness however many lamps you add. This is because the voltage across every lamp is the same. In your house the lamps are connected in parallel. This means that even if you have all the lights on, the lights do not dim.

Ex.:

COMFORT = Substantivo = Conforto UNCOMFORT = Substantivo = Desconforto CONFORT ABLE = Adjetivo = Confortvel OS USOS DO ING

Selecione no texto as palavras que so formadas por prefixos e sufixos:

TEXTO 1 Every day more and more of us find that computers have become part of our daily background: magazines we read have been typeset by computers, architects have designed our houses with the help of computers, our paylips are printed by computers, we pay bills prepared by computers, using checks marked with computer symbols, and the payments result in bank statements prepared by computers. Even more directly associated with the machines are those who use them in their day-to-day work scientists and storekeepers, clerks and directors, soldiers and sailors, accountants and engineers besides the growing numbers of computer personal who are responsible for making the machines do the work. Each of us, whether layman, computer use or computer technician, will have problems with computer terminology.

Palavras cuja formao composta por ING podem apresentar diferentes classes gramaticais: LEARNING = Pode significar aprendendo; aprender ou aprendizagem, dependendo de como apresentada na sentena. (gerndio) They are learning how to get more information. = (aps o verbo to be) Eles esto aprendendo como conseguir mais informaes. (verbo/infin.) This is a way of learning about management. = (aps preposies) Esta uma maneira de aprender sobre gerenciamento. (Adjetivo) This is part of the learning process. = (parte de um grupo nominal) Isto parte do processo de aprendizagem. (Substantivo) Learning is essencial to life. Aprendizagem essencial vida. EXERCCIOS Classifique em cada frase as palavras formadas por ING como: (substantivo, gerndio, adjetivo ou verbo infinitivo) a. They are learning Computer Science. __________________________. b. Teleprocessing is the use of a telecommunication system by a computer. __________________________. c. The calculating machine was invented many years ago. __________________________.

TEXTO 2 In the beginning, there was the analog cell phone. And then the cell phone went digital. And that provides a clearer connection and more reability. Now the future of technology appears to be in the hands of the mobile phone industry. Cell phones and handhelds are everywhere. The future is now, and it is wireless. Except the future is still the future. Wireless technology is relatively young. The first generation has been around only since the early 1980s, when analog voice transmission networks were introduced. The second generation took over in the mid-90s with the advent of digital wireless voice and data networks, giving us the capabilities that spawned the cell phone revolution we know today. Now comes the so-called third generation or 3G which generally refers to networks capable of connecting to the Internet at speeds 40 tines the rate of todays cell phones, promising Interneting connections will be fast enough to download streaming audio and files, swap digital photos, and hold teleconferences. It will also use the existing spectrum space more efficiently and increase the speeds with which basic data can be transmitted over wireless devices.

d. The recording surface of a disk has concentric circles called tracks. __________________________. e. He works 10 hours without stopping. __________________________. f. The printer is printing documents. __________________________. g. I prefer typing to writing.

QUANTIDADES Many muitos, muitas (a) few poucos, poucas much muito, muita (a) little pouco, pouca some algum, alguns, alguma, algumas any qualquer, quaisquer
every a lot of todo, toda, todos, todas, cada muito (a), muitos (as)

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PRONOMES RELATIVOS MARCADORES DE SUBSTANTIVOS Substantivo a palavra que designa pessoa, lugar, objeto, evento, substncia. possvel localiza-la no texto prestando ateno em certas palavras que acompanham substantivo. Emprega-se antes de substantivo: Artigos: a, an = um, uma the = o, a, os, as Pronomes Possessivos adjetivos MY Your His Her Its Our Their Meu, minha, meus, minhas seu, sua, seus, suas dele (para pessoa) dela (para pessoa) dele, dela (para coisas ou animais nosso, nossa, nossos, nossas deles, delas

(Who / Which / That)

Who is for people (not things)

A Programmer is a person who writes programs. The man who phoned will call you later again. I know everybody who work in my company. Which is for things (not people) This is the printer which you asked me. I dont have the CD-Rom which you need. Is this the new computer which you bought? That is for things or people: I know everybody that work in my company. (You can use that for people, but who is more usual) This is the printer that you asked me. Portanto, temos: (Para pessoas) Who He is the system analyst who/that prepares instructions. That (pessoa) (Para coisas) Which This is the manual which/that you need. That (coisa) EXERCCIOS 1. Complete com who ou which: a. b. c. I met a woman who can speak six languages. Whats the name of the man ________ lives next door? Whats the name of the river ________ flows through the town?

Emprega-se geralmente antes de substantivos: Numerais Cardinais: One, two, three, etc. Pronomes Demonstrativos: This este, esta, isto These estes, estas That esse, essa, isso, aquele, aquela, aquilo Those esses, essas, aqueles, aquelas

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d. e. f. g. h.

Where is the picture ________ was hanging on the wall? Do you know anybody _______ wants to buy a car? You always ask questions _______ are difficult to answer. I have a friend _________ is very good at repairing cars. I think everybody ________ went to the party enjoyed it a lot.

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2. Identifique no texto a seguir: Substantivos, pronomes possessivos, pronomes

demonstrativos e pronomes relativos.

THE POSSESSIVE CASE OF NOUNS Quando o substantivo/possuidor designa um ser vivo (pessoa ou animal, as

Parallel lamps Lamps can be connected in series or in parallel. If you connect the lamps stay the same brightness however many lamps you add. This is because the voltage across every lamp is the same. In your house the lamps are connected in parallel; this means that even if you have all the lights on, the lights do not dim. Batteries Batteries are a source of electrical energy. The energy is stored as chemical energy and is converted into electrical energy as it is required. The more energy a battery stores the longer it will last. Different types of batteries have different voltages. The voltage is a measure of the strength of the battery. The higher the voltage, the brighter the bulb and the faster the motor. As a battery runs out its voltage gradually drops. Many batteries have a voltage of 1.5 V. for most lamps this is not enough, so often two batteries are connected in series. This doubles the voltage to 3 V. Fuses Electricity can be dangerous if you short a battery or the supply in your house a very high current flows. Sometimes the wires which carry the current heat up and melt. This may cause a fire or an explosion. Fuses protect against fire caused by electrical faults. When the current gets too high, fuses burn out and break the circuit. This stops the wires from burning. After a fuse burns out, a qualified person must find the fault before the fuse is replaced.

expresses possessivas (caso possessivo ou genitivo) so formadas do seguinte modo: a) Acrescentando-se s ao substantivo/possuidor, quando ele estiver no singular. The body of the man. The mans body. (O corpo do homem) b) Acrescentando-se s tambm no caso em que o substantivo/possuidor estiver no plural mas no terminar em s. The family of the children. The childrens family. (A famlia das crianas) c) Acrescentando-se apenas um apstrofo ao substantivo/ possuidor, quando ele estiver no plural terminado em s. The school of the girls. The girls school. (A escola das garotas) Quando o substantivo/ possuidor designa um ser inanimado, no se usa a expresso com s mas sim a que feita com de (of) como em portugus: The door of the car, the trees of the garden, etc. No entanto, a expresso com s pode ser usada (assim com o of ) quando o substantivo/ possuidor tiver um sentido nobre, caso principalmente dos nomes geogrficos, como a Terra, o Sol, o mar, nomes de pases, cidades, etc. f.e. The population of the world = The world population

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The laptop of my sister. ______________________________________. The computer of my secretary. ______________________________________. The printer of my boss. ______________________________________. Complete as frases com a forma possessiva dos substantivos entre parnteses, conforme o modelo: Exemplo: Richard is the boss of John. Richard is Johns boss. MODAL VERBS (VERBOS MODAIS)

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Geralmente usamos -s para pessoas: Marys computer O computador da Mary. Marys personal computer O PC da Mary. Johns laser printer A impressora do John. The managers equipment O equipamento do gerente. Friends or Friends : A casa do meu amigo = My friends house. A casa dos meus amigos = My friends house. Portanto, temos: My mothers car My parents My fathers car car Usamos of para coisas, lugares, etc. The high technology of Brazil. Tecnologia de ponta do Brasil. Whats the name of this village? Qual o nome desta vila? Madrid is the Capital of Spain. Madrid a Capital da Espanha. The memory of the computer. (not the computers memory) Drill Faa a correo da sentena quando necessrio: 1. I stayed at the house of my sister. - my sister house 2. Do you like the color of this coat? - _____________________ 3. Do you know the phone number of Bill? - ________________________ 4. The job of my brother is very interesting. - _______________________ 5. Write your name at the top of the page. - _________________________ 6. When is the birthday of your mother? - _________________________ 7. The house of my parents isnt very big. - ________________________ 8. The walls of this house are very thin. - __________________________ 9. The manager of the hotel is on holiday. - _______________________ Passe as sentenas para o Caso Genitivo:

H uma srie de verbos em ingls que expressam idias gerais. J que o objetivo do ingls instrumental diferente (estratgias de leitura), atenha-se s regras e tradues abaixo, pois elas sero suficientes para nosso propsito. CAN: Usamos CAN (do) para dizer que alguma coisa possvel ou que algum tem a habilidade/capacidade para fazer algo. Podemos usar com a forma negativa (CAN NOT / CANNOT ou CANT). Exemplo: Can you swim very fast? No I cant, but I can play chess. COULD: algumas vezes o COULD o passado do CAN. Ns usamos Could para dizer que algum tinha habilidade geral para fazer alguma coisa. Podemos usar com a forma negativa (COULD NOT ou COULDNT). Usamos Could especialmente com os seguintes verbos:

Exemplo: My grandfather could speak five languages. MUST / MUSTNT: Usamos MUST para dizer que ns temos certeza que alguma coisa certa. Exemplos: 1. Fish must live in water. (necessidade) 2. Everybody must uphold laws. (obrigao) 3. He must be your father. (Deduo forte) 4. You mustnt tell anyone what I said. (proibio) MAY: Usamos MAY e MIGHT para dizer que alguma coisa possvel ou seja, com 50% de certeza.. Tambm usamos para pedir permisso (de algo incerto, com baixa probabilidade ou mais formal). No existe diferena importante entre MAY e MIGHT. Podemos dizer, por exemplo: Paul may be in his office. OU Paul might be in his office. (probabilidade) May I dance with your girlfriend? No, you may not. (permisso com baixa probabilidade) SHOULD / SHOULDNT: Geralmente usamos SHOULD quando pedimos ou damos uma opinio sobre alguma coisa. (frequentemente usamos I think/I dont think/do you think). Exemplos: I dont think you should work so hard. Mike shouldnt drive really. He is too tired.

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IMPERATIVO EXERCISES: Escreva nos parnteses a idia expressada pelos verbos modais em destaque. 1. We might have several problems in case inflation rises sharply. ______________________________________________________________ 2.They can manufacturer high-tech equipment, but they may have problems to ship it. ______________________________________________________________ 3.How much should we purchase from that supplier? ______________________________________________________________ 4.A foreign company can encourage its employments to study languages. ______________________________________________________________ 5.We mustn`t do this because it`s against the laws. ______________________________________________________________ 6.Some terms may be included in such exemptions. ______________________________________________________________ 7.She must be in trouble in the traffic because she never comes to work late. _____________________________________________________________ 8.People should be in contact with a foreign language more often, otherwise they won`t memorize new vocabulary and structures. _____________________________________________________________ 9.Companies should develop equipment, processes and goods that are ecologically clean. ____________________________________________________________ Com Let us (Lets) = vamos: Usado antes do infinitivo do verbo, sem to, para sugerir ou convidar algum para uma ao conjunta. Lets load the peripherals. Lets stop. Lets go. EXERCISES: Relacione as colunas de acordo com a traduo:
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) DRAG PRESS CLICK CLOSE MOVE GRAB SELECT OPEN ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ) ) ) INCLUA MUDE PRESSIONE APAGUE ARRASTE PUXE

A forma imperativa, utilizada para ordenar ou pedir algo, possui a mesma forma do infinitivo do verbo, sem to: To repair: consertar Repair the terminal. Please repair the equipment. Repair the engine, please.

Para formar o imperativo negativo, coloca-se do not (dont) antes do verbo: To press: pressionar Dont press this button. Please dont press the button. Dont press this button, please

) ABRA ) ) ) ) CLIQUE EXECUTE CANCELE FECHE

9) PUSH 10) PULL 11) DELETE 12) RUN 13) INSTALL

MOVA ( ) INSIRA

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14) INSERT 15) INCLUDE 16) CHANGE 17) CANCEL

( ( ( (

) ) ) )

EMPURRE SELECIONE PEGUE INSTALE

Which materials used in making a torch are conductors and which are insulators? ( ) plastic ( ) copper ( ) tungsten (lamp filament) ( ) glass (outside of lamp)

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TEXTO PARA LEITURA, COMPREENSO E EXERCCIOS DE VOCABULRIO Electronic Circuits Introduction This unit introduces you to electronic circuits and explains the meaning of current, voltage and resistance. You will find out about Ohms equations and about some of the components used in building electronic circuits. Drawing a circuit diagram A different way of describing the torch is by using a circuit diagram in which the parts of the torch are represented by symbols.

Fig. 2
Shining a light Have you ever taken an torch to pieces to find out how does it work? Look at Fig. 1 below, which shows the arrangement of parts inside a torch. In Fig. 2 there are two electric cells (batteries), a switch and a lamp (the torch bulb). The lines in the diagram represent the metal conductors which connect the system together. A circuit is a closed conducting path. In the torch, closing the switch completes the circuit and allows current to flow. Torches sometimes fail when the metal parts of the switch do not make proper contact, or when the lamp filament is blown. In either case, the circuit is incomplete. The diagrams show different arrangements of cells, switches and lamps.

Fig. 3 Current An electric current is a flow of charged particles. Current is sometimes carried by positively charged particles, but inside a copper wire, current is carried by small negarively charged particles, called electrons. Metals, such as copper, contain free electrons, which drift in rang]don directions as shown in Fig. 4.

Why Fig. 1 did the designer of the torch choose this particular combination of materials? The metal parts must conduct electric current if the torch is to function, but they must also be able to stand up to physical forces. The spring holding the cells in place should stay springy, while the parts of the switch must make good electrical contact and be undamaged by repeated use.

Fig. 4 Voltage

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Each cell provide a push, called its potencial difference or voltage. This is represented by the symbol V, and is measured in volts, V. Sometimes, you will want to measure voltages in thousands of a volt, or milivolts, mV. Typically, each cell provides 1.5 V. If cells are joined together one after the other, they are said to be connected in series. Two 1.5 V cells connected in series provide 3V, while three cells provide 4.5 V. Digital Oscilloscope

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For the maximum safety of the person who may use the oscilloscopes, they have been designed and manufactured for full safety features and they are shipped after stringent inspections. And yet, it is unavoidable handle it carefully, in order to avoid damage to the instruments and hazards to the persons. Above, there are notes and warnings which the persons using the instrument must take heed of and observe: Fig. 5 NOTE Calls for special attention for correct and efficient use of the instrument. Resistance If a thick copper wire is connected from the positive terminal of a battery directly to the negative terminal, you get a very large current for a very short time. In a torch, this does not happen. Part of the torch circuit limits, or resists, the flow of current. Most of the circuit consists of thick metal conductors which allow current to flow easily. These parts, including the spring, switch plates and lamp connections, have a low resistance. The flow of current through the filament causes it to heat up and glow white hot. Lamp filaments are usually made of the metal tungsten because of its very high melting point. In hair, the filament would quickly oxidize. This is prevented by removing all the air inside the glass of the lamp and replacing it with a non-reactive gas. WARNINGS Calls for attention for a matter which might lead to a damage of the oscilloscope itself or other instruments. The following symbols may be posted on the oscilloscope as well as indicated in this manual.

DANGER! HIGH VOLTAGE This symbol means that the item cannot be charged up to a hazardous high voltage and must not be touched with bare hands. REFER TO THE CORRESPONDING SECTION This symbol means that relative explanations contained in other parts of the handbook should be consulted. CAUTION Means a matter which can lead to electric shock hazards to the person who is operating the instrument or to damage of the instrument itself or other instruments. USE A 3-PIN PLUG - For the input of AC input cable, be sure to use a 3-pin type (one of the pins is used for safety grounding). AC LINE VOLTAGE Be sure to operate the oscilloscope on an AC line voltage within is correct range. AC POWER CABLE When replacing the AC plug of the AC power cable, be sure to replace it with a plug of the correct type and ratings, and to connector the GND, NEUTRAL and LIVE wires which are color colored as shown in figure below: AC POWER FUSE Be sure to use a power fuse of the correct ratings.

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COVERS This oscilloscope has hazardous high voltages internally. Do not remove the covers of the oscilloscope lest you should expose yourself to such high voltages. The covers should be removed only by qualified experts.

permissible to operate the oscilloscope on an AC line voltage of 90 250 V, frequency 45-440 Hz. Checking the type and ratings of fuse Before connecting the power cable to the AC inlet of the oscilloscope, check the type and rating of the power fuse. The fuse holder of the oscilloscope is structured integrally with the AC inlet. The fuse holder cap can be detached by using a screwdriver or a pointed tool as showing bellow. Two fuses (one of which is for replacement spare) are put in the cap.

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FEATURES ( 1 ) Easy to operate You can easily use major functions of the oscilloscope which employs a direct knob control system. ( 2 ) Compact and light COR 5500U series is very compact and light for its sophisticated functions and reliable performance. This has become feasible through dexterous use of flush-mount components. ( 3 ) CRT readout It displays various items of information on the CRT screen, providing you with powerful means for rapid but accurate measurements. ( 4 ) Comment display You can display comments by using this feature. ( 5 ) Alternate magnified sweeps This feature allows you to magnify readily any portion of the waveform you want to observe more closely. This time base can be magnified by 5,10 or 50 times. The Alternate Magnified Sweep mode, which runs a mains sweep and magnified sweep alternately, is also available. ( 6 ) Sampling rate up to 20 MS/s Each channel has a 5 bit A/D converter, allowing you to store the single-shot data from both channels simultaneously. In single Trigger Mode, you can capture frequency components up to 5.7 MHz (when Curve Interpolation is used). ( 7 ) 4k words/ channel memory capacity each channel has a 4k word memory, and resolutions of 400 points per one division horizontally. The stored and reproduced waveforms closely resemble the original analog ones. COR 5500U series has two 4k-word Saving Memory units. The memory units are internally backed up so that the data is not destroyed even if the power is turned off. The data is maintained for a longer period. ( 8 ) Repetitive mode The COR 5500U can store repetitive signals up to 100 MHz. PRECAUTIONS ( 1 ) Receiving Inspections The oscilloscope has been subjected to electrical and mechanical tests to guarantee the satisfactory quality and performance. ( 2 ) General precautions - This section is about electrical and mechanical precautions for safe and correct use of the oscilloscope. Read this section before start using it: Checking the AC line voltage and frequency Operate the oscilloscope on as rated AC input voltage of 100 through 240 V, frequency 50 through 400 Hz, although it is

Take out the fuse and check that is a slow-blow fuse of 250 V AC, 2 A. Return the fuse and cap to the original positions by following the take out procedure in the reverse order. Fully insert the cap until it clicks. When you replace the fuse with a new one, make sure to use a correct one. The spare fuse is put in the fuse hold cap. When the fuse has also used up, you may use a new one available on the market, but be sure that it is the correct type and rating. Warnings: Never use a wrong or incorrect fuse. Never short-circuit the fuse holder terminals instead of the fuse. These operations might result in serious damage and hazards. ( 3 ) Checking the power cable - Be sure that the power cable is supplied as an accessory of the oscilloscope. The power cable has a 3-color wire and a 3-pin receptacle; one of the three pins being for safety grounding. ( 4 ) Environments Avoid using oscilloscope in environments as mentioned below: a) High temperature Do not expose the oscilloscope to direct sunlight or other source of heat. The ambient temperature range for the guaranteed performance is 10 to 40C or 50 to 104F. b) High humidity Do not use the oscilloscope in high humidity. The humidity range for guaranteed performance is up to 75% RH. c) Electronic magnetic field - Do not use the oscilloscope in strong electric or magnetic field, lest the displayed images should be distorted, or otherwise adversely affected. d) Unstable position - Do not use the oscilloscope on a swaying bench or other unstable positon.

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e) Flammable atmosphere - Do not use the oscilloscope in flammable or explosive atmosphere, to prevent fire and explosion hazards. f) Blocked ventilations holes Do not block the rear, side and button panels. Provide an ample space behind the rear panel, where the air-cooling fan is installed on.

efficiently and accurately. For the preparative procedure, proceed as follows: CAUTION Be sure to read Precautions and the following: 1) Checking the AC line voltage and frequency; 2) Checking the type and ratings of the fuse; 3) Checking the oscilloscope operation.

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MINILAB TECHNICAL TERMS ( 5 ) Preserving the CRT CRT intensity - In order prevent permanent damage to the CRT phosphor, do not make the CRT trace Excessively bright or leave the beam spot stationary for an unreasonably long time ( 6 ) Checking the Oscilloscope operation Check the operation of the oscilloscope as explained in this section. The oscilloscope will automatically diagnose itself as you turn the power switch on. a) Confirm if the power switch is off; b) Connect the power cable to the AC inlet of the oscilloscope; c) Connect the power plug to an AC outlet. d) Turn the power switch on; e) The green indicator LED on the power switch will light up; f) The readouts and traces will appear on the CRT screen; g) After a minute, turn the power switch off once; h) Wait for several seconds and turn the power on again; i) Your will see the screen for about 2 seconds if the diagnostic results are passed. If a diagnostic result is failed turn the power switch on and off a few times, this fact means that the oscilloscope has a trouble: the ROM or RAM of the oscilloscope might be failed. ( 7 ) Preparation for measurement This section covers a simple preparative procedure to do first before using the oscilloscope in order to measure waveforms or signals more BUZZER INPUT BREAD BOARDBUS STRIPCLOCK SIGNAL COMMON MODE SWITCHCONTROL PANEL CURRENT METERFRONT/ REAR BOARDFRONT/ REAL PANELHEXADECIMAL DISPLAYHIGH LEVELINDEX NOTCHJUMP WIRELED INDICATORLOGICAL LEVELLOW LEVELNUMBER DISPLAYPANEL CONTROLSPOWER SUPPLYalimentao POWER SWITCH alimentao PROTO BOARD PUSH BUTTOM SWITCH SHORTED CIRCUITSWITCH OFF SWITCH ON TIME BASE VOLTAGE METER WIRE COLOR entrada de sonorizador, buzina placa de alimentao barramento, barra nibus sinal de relgio comutador de modo comum painel de controle ampermetro ou medidor de corrente placa frontal/ posterior painel frontal/ posterior mostrador em hexadecimal nvel alto/ elevado (1) entalhe marcador fio jumper, ponte, ligao direta indicador luminoso nvel lgico nvel baixo (0) mostrador de nmeros controles do painel suprimento de energia eltrica, chave, interruptor, alavanca ou

fonte tecla

de para

placa para montagem de prottipos tecla de presso comutadora curto circuitado, em curto desligado, desarmado ligado, armado base de tempo voltmetro cor de fio ou condutor

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ABREVIATIONS/ MONOGRAMS AC (LTERNATE CURRENT) Corrente alternada BCD (BINARY CODED DECIMAL) - decimal codificado em binrio CMOS (COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR) semicondutor metlico DC (DIRECT CURRENT) corrente contnua GND (GROUND) aterramento, terra IC (INTEGRATED CIRCUIT) circuito integrado LED (LIGHT EMITTING DIODE) - diodo emissor de luz RMS (ROOT MENA SQUARE) valor mdio quadrtico ou eficaz SW (SWITCH) chave, interruptor, interruptor, alavanca VR (VARIABLE RESISTOR) resistor varivel

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