02 - Verb Tenses

LÍNGUA INGLESA
Professor: Marcelo Pimentel Farias
VERBOS, FORMAS VERBAIS E TEMPOS VERBAIS

(VERBS, VERB FORMS AND VERB TENSES)
Definição:
Verbo (Verb) é a classe de palavra que expressa um estado ou uma ação. Os verbos em
inglês podem ser:
Regulares (Regular Verbs);
Irregulares (Irregular Verbs);
Modais (Modal Verbs).
Forma Verbal (Verb Form) é a forma que o verbo assume, condicionada pelo tempo
verbal que escolhemos. As formas verbais em inglês são as seguintes:
Base Form;
Infinitive;
Simple Past;
Past Participle;
Present Participle (Progressive Form or Adjectives) / Gerund.
Tempo Verbal (Verb Tense) é o recurso gramatical que temos para expressar as ideias
de tempo cronológico (passado, presente e futuro) que conhecemos. Os tempos verbais em
inglês são os seguintes:
I - Simple Present;
VIII - Present Perfect Continuous;
II - Present Continuous;
IX - Past Perfect (Simple);
III - Simple Past;
X - Past Perfect Continuous;
IV - Past Continuous;
XI - Future Continuous;
V - Simple Future (will);
XII - Future Perfect (Simple);
VI - Future “Going To”;
XIII - Future Perfect Continuous.
VII - Present Perfect (Simple);
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A palavra “tempo”...
TEMPO (cronológico) = TIME
TEMPO (clima) = WEATHER
TEMPO (gramatical) = TENSE
O indivíduo, a roupa e o evento! – Entenda a relação:
O VERBO é o INDIVÍDUO. Quando um indivíduo precisa

escolher uma roupa, o que determina o tipo de roupa que ele
vai usar é o evento para o qual ele irá. A ROUPA é a FORMA
VERBAL (a forma que o verbo vai assumir; ou como ele vai
“vestir-se”). O EVENTO é o TEMPO VERBAL (o evento do qual o
verbo irá “participar”).
Portanto, ao expressarmos uma ação (verbo), o que vai
determinar a forma que o verbo irá assumir é o tempo verbal
que iremos usar.
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I - Simple Present
Dividiremos o estudo do Simple Present em duas partes:
Simple Present do verbo “be”;
Simple Present dos outros verbos.
1. Simple Present do verbo “be”:
O verbo “be” significa “ser” ou “estar” em português. Observe sua conjugação no

Simple Present:
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun am/is/are Contractions
Singular
I am I’m
You are You’re
He He’s
She is She’s
It It’s
Plural
We We’re
You are You’re
They They’re
I am Italian.
I'm from Spain.
You’re very funny!
He is my friend.
Your mother is very happy.
It is a computer.
It is sunny today.
We are French actors.
They are at the club waiting for me.
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OBSERVAÇÃO:
• Nas expressões que se referem a idades, o verbo “be” equivale ao verbo ter, em
português.
I am twenty years old.
She is six months old.
They’re eighty-seven years old.
NEGATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun am/is/are + not Contractions
Singular
I am not I’m not
You are not You’re not / You aren’t
He He’s not / He isn’t
She is not She’s not / She isn’t
It It’s not / It isn’t

Plural
We We’re not / We aren’t
You are not You’re not / You aren’t
They They’re not / They aren’t
I am not Italian.
I'm not from Spain.
You’re not very funny!
He isn’t my friend.
Your mother is not very happy.
It is not a computer.
It isn’t sunny today.
We are not French actors.
They aren’t at the club waiting for me.
I am not twenty years old.
She isn’t six months old.
They’re not eighty-seven years old.
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INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Am/Is/Are Subject Pronoun -
Singular
Am I ...?
Are you ...?
he
...?
Is she
it
Plural
we
Are you ...?
they
Am I Italian?
Am I from Spain?
Are you crazy?
Is he your friend?
Is your mother happy?
Is it a computer?
Is it sunny today?
Are we French actors?
Are they at the club waiting for me?
Am I twenty years old?
Is she six months old?
Are they eighty-seven years old?
OBSERVAÇÕES:
• Forma Interrogativo-Negativa:
Are you not ready? (= Aren't you ready?)
Is Susan not at home? (= Isn't Susan at home?)
Is the answer not obvious? (= Isn't the answer obvious?)
Am I not right? (NO SHORT FORM)
• Forma Imperativo Afirmativo:

Be responsible!
• Forma Imperativo Negativo:

Don’t be stupid!
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2. Simple Present dos outros verbos:
Uso:
Usamos o Simple Present para expressar hábitos, rotinas, situações permanentes,

verdades universais; para descrever acontecimentos, como em histórias, filmes, livros, novelas
etc. Usamos o Simple Present também para expressar opiniões, sentimentos, desejos,
preferências e gostos; e para indicar ações futuras com horário fixado.
Estrutura:
O Simple Present é formado pela Forma Básica do verbo, que recebe a desinência -s na
terceira pessoa do singular (he, she ou it).
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun work Contractions
Singular
I
work -
You
He
She works -
It
Plural
We
You work -
They
They work in a factory.

He loves her.
She sings in a choir.
I do my homework at night.
He does his job very well.
She likes vegetables.
I think you are right.
This washing machine works well.
We study at Oxford University.
Anthony lives in New York.
My wife works at a hospital as a nurse.
The show starts at 11:00 pm.
Classes start at 8:00 am.
Banks open at 10:00 am.
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I go to the gym every day.
She never watches TV.
He usually leaves the job at 6:00 pm.
It usually snows here in January.
They never go to the beach.
I hope so.
The sun goes down in the west.
Birds fly.
The earth revolves around the sun.
Dogs bark.
Five and five make ten.
Water freezes at 0⁰ Celsius.
My flight leaves at 9:00 pm.
My parents arrive tonight.
I start to work next week.
...at that moment the woman enters the saloon and starts to talk...
OBSERVAÇÔES:
• Os advérbios de tempo e os advérbios de frequência NUNCA podem se posicionar entre

o verbo e o objeto. Observe os exemplos abaixo:
We go on weekends to the swimming pool.
We go to the swimming pool on weekends.
She listens always to the radio.
She always listens to the radio.
NEGATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun do/does not + work Contractions
Singular
I
do not work don't work
You
He
She does not work doesn't work

It
Plural
We
You do not work don't work

They
I do not talk to her./I don't talk to her.

You do not need to tell me anything./You don't need to tell me anything.
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He does not live here./He doesn't live here.
She does not like him./She doesn't like him.
I do not do my homework at night./I don’t do my homework at night.
He does not do his job very well./He doesn’t do his job very well.
It does not work well./It doesn't work well.
We do not read newspaper./We don't read newspaper.
You do not have children./You don't have children.
They do not go out on weekends./They don't go out on weekends.
INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Do/Does Subject Pronoun work
Singular
I
Do work...?
you
he
work...?
Does she
it
Plural
we
Do you work...?
they
Do I need it?
Do you have a summerhouse?
What do toads eat?
How do you know she is married?
Where does he work?
Does it work?
Do you do your homework at night?
Does he do his job well?
Do we know her?
Do you have a car?
Do they go out on weekends?
OBSERVAÇÕES:
Do you not have a dog? (= Don't you have a dog?)
Do they not speak English? (= Don't they speak English?)
Does it not work? (Doesn't it work?)
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• Forma Imperativo Afirmativo:

Eat your meal!
Talk to me!
Sit on the chair!
Wash the dishes!
• Forma Imperativo Negativo:
Don't yell at me!
Don't talk to her!
Don't read this book!
• “Do” e “Does” podem ser usados em sentenças afirmativas, como advérbios, para dar
ênfase ao que se fala.
He does believe in God.
I do like you.
• Com pronomes indefinidos como somebody, nobody, everybody, nothing, everything,

usa-se o verbo na terceira pessoa:
Nobody likes you.
Everything ends some day.
Nothing interests me.
• Com os verbos terminados em -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -z e -o, acrescenta-se -es a eles para
formar o Presente Simples com a terceira pessoa do singular (he, she, it):
She washes her hair every day.
The father kisses his children when they wake up.
He goes to the park on weekends.
He watches all sitcoms* which are broadcast on television. (*situation comedy)
The bee buzzes among the flowers.
It fixes the shelves to the wall.
Susan does her homework regularly.
• Se os verbos terminarem em -y precedido de consoante, troca-se o -y por -i e

acrescenta-se -es para formar o Presente Simples com a terceira pessoa do singular (he,
she, it):
She tries to do a good work as a vet*. (*veterinarian)
The little bird flies over so high.
He studies engineering.
She cries when she sees poor children in the streets.
• Para a 3ª pessoa do singular (he, she, it), o verbo “have” possui a forma “has”:
He has lots of friend.
She has brown hair.
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II - Present Continuous
Uso:
Usamos o Present Continuous para expressar uma ação que está acontecendo agora,
tanto no sentido de estar ocorrendo nesse exato momento, quanto em um sentido mais amplo
(hoje, este mês, este ano, este século), de uma ação mais duradoura, que está em processo por
um período mais longo. Usamos o Present Continuous também para expressar uma ação que
acontecerá em um futuro próximo. Além desses usos, também podemos usá-lo com os
advérbios “always” e “constantly” para dizer que algo irritante ou chocante acontece sempre
ou repetidamente (note que esse uso é o mesmo do Simple Present, mas com sentido negativo).
Estrutura:
“be” (Simple Present) + (-ing)
O Present Continuous é formado pelo Simple Present do verbo “be” (am/is/are) +

Progressive Form (-ing) do verbo principal.
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun am/is/are + working Contractions
Singular
I am working I’m working
You are working You’re working
He He’s working
She is working She’s working
It It’s working
Plural
We We’re working
You are working You’re working
They They’re working
My mother is sweeping the house.

Hurry up! We are all waiting for you!
George is sleeping.
He is surfing.
They are playing volleyball.
She is washing the dishes.
I am sitting.
I am standing up here.
It is raining.
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You are learning English now.
They are reading their books.
I'm just thinking* in another way to do it better. (= consider the idea)
I'm reading a very intersting book.
I'm travelling a lot these days.
I'm spending my vacation at the countryside.
My sister is studying at Cambridge University.
The price of fruits is going up again.
Those children are getting fatter every day.
The sky is getting cloudy.
I am writing an article.
We are talking about our inheritance.
I am studying to become a doctor.
I am reading the book Tom Sawyer.
You are always asking something.
He is always complaining about his job.
She is always coming to class late.
He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up.
I don't like them because they are always complaining.
I am meeting some friends after work.
My godmother is having dinner with me tonight.
We are leaving before 8:00 pm.
Next weekend I'm visiting you.
NEGATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun am/is/are + not + working Contractions
Singular
I am not working I’m not working
You’re not working
You are not working
You aren’t working
He’s not working
He
He isn’t working
She’s not working
She is not working
She isn’t working
It’s not working
It
It isn’t working
Plural
We’re not working
We
We aren’t working
You’re not working
You are not working
You aren’t working
They’re not working
They
They aren’t working
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I'm not asking for help.
He is not talking to you.
The children aren't playing now.
You are not telling the truth!
I am not studying to become a dentist.
I am not reading any books right now.
I am not going to the party tonight.
INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Am/Is/Are Subject Pronoun working
Singular
Am I working...?
Are you working...?
he
working...?
Is she
it
Plural
we
Are you working...?
they
Am I being inopportune?
Is she having dinner?
Are you kidding?
Is he sitting or standing?
What are you doing?
Is your father working at GM?
Why is she crying?
What is he doing?
What are they watching?
Are you working on any special projects at work?
Where are you going (to)?
What are you doing tomorrow evening?
Is he visiting his parents next weekend?
OBSERVAÇÕES:
• Devido às ideias que expressam (um estado, não uma ação), alguns verbos NÃO são
usados na Progressive Form: like, deslike, know, believe, understand, mean,
remember, forget, prefer, hate, love, want, need, belong, smell, hear, see (=
understand), imagine, recognize, realize, suppose, think (= have an opinion), wish,
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agree, appear, astonish, deny, disagree, impress, promise, satisfy, seem, consist,
contain, depend, deserve, lack, matter, measure, owe, own, possess, weigh.
Are you not having dinner now? (= Aren't you having dinner now?)
Are they not studying? (= Aren’t they studying?)
Is it not working? (Isn't it working?)
Why aren't you doing your homework?
Aren't you teaching at the university?
Isn't he coming with us tonight?
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III - Simple Past
Uso:
O Simple Past descreve uma ação que já ocorreu e que não ocorre mais. A ação teve
início e fim no passado. Ações acabadas em um tempo definido. Frequentemente, é usado com
advérbios de tempo como yesterday, yesterday morning, last week, last month, last night, the
day before yesterday, three years ago, in 1998, in the twentieth century, etc. O momento
quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou apenas subentendido.
1. Verbos Regulares (Regular Verbs):
Primeiramente iremos estudar o Simple Past dos Verbos Regulares que, de um modo
geral, é formado acrescentando-se “-ed” à forma básica dos verbos. No Simple Past, o verbo
NÃO é flexionado em nenhuma pessoa, repetindo-se em todas elas.
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun work Contractions
Singular
I
worked -
You
He
She worked -
It
Plural
We
You worked -
They
Susan helped him last night.

My parents traveled to Rome in 2005. They enjoyed it a lot.
I liked to read fairy tales when I was a child.
Yesterday we entered the class late. Today we have to enter on time.
Those students worked hard last semester.
The Second World War ended in 1945.
Robert hated blues, but his sister loved it.
When I lived in London, I worked in a pub.
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PARTICULARIDADES DA ORTOGRAFIA DO SIMPLE PAST:
• Nos verbos terminados em “e”, adiciona-se apenas a letra “-d” à forma básica do
verbo:
hope - hoped
change - changed
like - liked
behave - behaved
lie - lied
live - lived
love - loved
arrive - arrived
invite - invited
snore – snored
• Nos verbos oxítonos (ou seja, que têm a última sílaba tônica ou uma única sílaba)
terminados em CVC (consoante/vogal/consoante), dobra-se a última consoante antes
de acrescentar-se o “-ed”:
stop - stopped
permit - permitted
occur - occurred
rob - robbed
admit - admitted
prefer - preferred
omit - omitted
control - controlled
drop - dropped
plan - planned
shop – shopped
• No Inglês Britânico, se o verbo termina com a letra "L", dobra-se essa consoante,
mesmo que a última sílaba não seja tônica.
travel - travelled
rival - rivalled
• Nos verbos terminados em “y” precedido de consoante, troca-se o “y” por “i” antes
de acrescentar-se o “-ed”:
study - studied
carry - carried
worry - worried
try - tried
hurry - hurried
cry - cried
• Quando o “y” for precedido de vogal, não há mudança ortográfica, bastando apenas
acrescentar-se o “-ed” ao verbo:
pray - prayed
enjoy - enjoyed
obey - obeyed
play - played
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• Nos verbos terminados em CVC (consoante/vogal/consoante) cuja sílaba tônica não é

a última, NÃO dobra-se a consoante final. Apenas acrescenta-se “-ed”:
listen - listened
develop - developed
open - opened
fasten - fastened
suffer - suffered
visit - visited
wonder - wondered
offer – offered
As formas negativas e interrogativas do Simple Past são formadas com o verbo auxiliar
“did” (passado de “do”), acompanhado do verbo principal na Forma Básica.
NEGATIVE FORM:
Para se formar uma oração negativa no Simple Past, usa-se “did not” para todas as
pessoas, pois como já vimos anteriormente, no Simple Past, o verbo NÃO é flexionado em
nenhuma pessoa. O verbo auxiliar “did” + “not” posicionam-se sempre entre o sujeito e o verbo
principal.
Subject Pronoun did not + work Contractions
Singular
I
did not work didn't work
You
He
She did not work didn't work

It
Plural
We
You did not work didn't work

They
Steve did not work as much as Paul./Steve didn't work as much as Paul.
He did not pay the bill./He didn't pay the bill.
She did not work yesterday./She didn't work yesterday.
He did not taste the pasta at lunch./He didn't taste the pasta at lunch.
We did not say that!/We didn't say that!
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INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Para formar uma oração interrogativa no Simple Past, usa-se “did” antes do sujeito. O
verbo permanece na Forma Básica, uma vez que, no Simple Past, o verbo NÃO é flexionado em
nenhuma pessoa.
Did Subject Pronoun work
Singular
I
Did work...?
you
he
work...?
Did she
it
Plural
we
Did you work...?
they
Did he call me yesterday?

Why did he do that?
Did you drink wine last night?
Did you clean your bedroom?
When did he admit the crime?
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2. Verbos Irregulares (Irregular Verbs):
Os Verbos Irregulares não seguem as regras gerais de formação do Simple Past, isto é,
cada um tem uma forma própria de passado. Sendo assim, é necessário estudá-los um a um.
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun understand Contractions
Singular
I
understood -
You
He
She understood -
It
Plural
We
You understood -
They
He understood the problem last class.

I spoke to them in the morning.
They went to the beach yesterday.
She broke her leg last week.
They made a big mistake yesterday night.
I read your message when I got to the office.
He ran 8 kilometers in the game.
We saw this movie last month.
She spent all her money on her vacation in January.
The couple took a cab to the hotel after the show.
People thought the team wouldn’t win the game, but they did!
You did well on the exam.
She wrote a lovely letter to me last year.
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NEGATIVE FORM:
Na forma negativa, os verbos irregulares, assim como os regulares, voltam para a

forma básica:
Subject Pronoun did not + understand Contractions
Singular
I
did not understand didn't understand
You
He
She did not understand didn't understand

It
Plural
We
You did not understand didn't understand

They
He did not understand the problem last class.

I didn’t speak to them in the morning.
They didn’t go to the beach yesterday.
She didn’t break her leg last week.
They didn’t make any mistakes yesterday night.
I did not read your message when I got to the office.
He didn’t run enough in the game.
We didn’t see this movie last month.
She didn’t spend all her money on her vacation in January.
The couple didn’t take a cab to the hotel after the show.
People didn’t think the team would win the game, but they did!
You didn’t do very well on the exam.
She didn’t write any letters to me last year.
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INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Did Subject Pronoun understand
Singular
I
Did understand...?
you
he
understand...?
Did she
it
Plural
we
Did you understand...?
they
Did he understand the problem last class?

Did you speak to them in the morning?
Did they go to the beach yesterday?
Did she break her leg last week?
Did they make any mistakes yesterday night?
Did you read my message when you got to the office?
Did he run enough in the game?
When did you see this movie?
Did she spend all her money on her vacation in January?
Did the couple take a cab to the hotel after the show?
Did people think the team would win the game?
Did I do well on the exam?
Did she write any letters to you last year?
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3. Simple Past of “be”:
O verbo “be” (“ser” ou “estar”) flexiona-se em “was” ou “were” no Simple Past,

conforme abaixo:
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun was/were Contractions
Singular
I was -
You were -
He -
She was -
It -
Plural
We -
You were -
They -
They were angry with you.

We were in a hurry last night and didn't stop to talk to him.
It was too cold yesterday.
She was born in 1989.
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NEGATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun was/were + not Contractions
Singular
I was not I wasn’t
You were not You weren’t
He He wasn’t
She was not She wasn’t
It It wasn’t
Plural
We We weren’t
You were not You weren’t
They They weren’t
I wasn't well, so I decided to go home before 4 p.m.

They were not good students.
Mary wasn't the main actress in the play.
INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Was/Were Subject Pronoun -
Singular
Was I ...?
Were you ...?
he
...?
Was she
it
Plural
we
Were you ...?
they
Was he with his sunglasses when you met him?

Was the blender useful yesterday?
Were you occupied when I called to you?
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IV - Past Continuous
Uso:
O Past Continuous, basicamente, é usado para descrever uma ação em andamento num
determinado momento no passado; para narrar as circunstâncias de uma situação passada;
descrever ações em andamento simultâneo (nesses casos, geralmente usa-se a conjunção
while); e falar/indicar uma ação habitual que ocorria no passado (aqui, normalmente se usa os
advérbios de freqüência: constantly, often, always).
Estrutura:
“be” (Simple Past) + (-ing)
O Past Continuous é formado pelo Simple Past do verbo “be” (was/were) + Progressive
Form (-ing) do verbo principal.
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun was/were + working Contractions
Singular
I was working -
You were working -
He -
She was working -
It -
Plural
We -
You were working -
They -
I was talking to my boss when you called me yesterday afternoon.

At 7:00 am, I was flying over San Francisco.
My father arrived when my mother was cooking.
They were screaming last night.
We were going to the beach when our car broke down.
When I got up this morning the sun was shining.
It was almost midnight and I was getting tired, but I couldn't go to bed because I had
lots of things to study.
It was Saturday morning and the sun was shining in the sky.
Susan was playing while Mary was studying hard for her test.
We were preparing our breakfast while he was still sleeping.
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I was having a shower when the phone rang.
While my father was reading the newspaper, my brother was washing the car.
She was constantly talking to her classmates. Her teacher didn't like that.
They were always asking the same questions.
NEGATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun was/were + not + working Contractions
Singular
I was not working I wasn’t working
You were not working You weren’t working
He He wasn’t working
She was not working She wasn’t working
It It wasn’t working
Plural
We We weren’t working
You were not working You weren’t working
They They weren’t working
I wasn't watching TV last night.

They weren't waiting for him at the airport.
Bob and Jamey weren't sleeping when Marcia got home.
She wasn't reading a book, she was reading a magazine.
It was Saturday morning, but the sun was not shining.
I wasn’t having a shower when the phone rang.
INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Was/Were Subject Pronoun “working”
Singular
Was I working...?
Were you working...?
he
Was she working...?
it
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Plural
we
Were you working...?
they
Were you sleeping?

Were they studying for the test?
What was he doing at 6:00 pm?
What were the children doing in the bedroom?
Was it snowing this morning?
What were you doing when I called last night?
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V - Simple Future (will)
Uso:
O Simple Future é usado para afirmar fatos futuros (o que vai ou deverá acontecer) em
um futuro não imediato; expressar ações prováveis no futuro e previsões baseadas em fatos
ou ideias; expressar intenções e fatos decididos durante o ato da fala; para fazer ou negar um
pedido de forma educada; fazer uma oferta ou se oferecer indiretamente para fazer alguma
coisa:
Estrutura:
will + Base Form
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun will + work Contractions
Singular
I will work I’ll work
You will work You’ll work
He He’ll work
She will work She’ll work
It It’ll work
Plural
We We’ll work
You will work You’ll work
They They’ll work
Paul and Mary will go to the party.

My grandparents will have dinner at the Laguna.
The whole class will take the test.
Márcia travels a lot. Today she is in Viena. Tomorrow she'll be in Rome. Next week
she'll be in Beijing.
The meeting will be in April.
If you study, you will get a better grade in the next Math test.
New technologies will be available for foreign languages learning.
It will be windy tomorrow.
We'll probably go out this evening.
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LÍNGUA INGLESA
I think Kelly will pass the Spanish exam. She enjoys studying it.
I don't think it will rain this afternoon.
Do you think the math exam will be difficult?
Look, our son has passed the College Exam! We will give him a party for sure!
I'll phone you tomorrow, OK?
I miss you a lot! I'll take the next train to where you are.
Sorry, I forgot to bring those books you wanted, but I'll bring it tomorrow.
I'll carry the suitcase if you like. It's too heavy.
Oh, your wallet has fallen… I’ll take it for you!
NEGATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun will not + work Contractions
Singular
I’ll not work
I will not work
I won’t work
You’ll not work
You will not work
You won’t work
He’ll not work
He
He won’t work
She’ll not work
She will not work
She won’t work
It’ll not work
It
It won’t work
Plural
We’ll not work
We
We won’t work
You’ll not work
You will not work
You won’t work
They’ll not work
They
They won’t work
Don't drink coffee before you go to bed. You won't sleep.

Paul and Mary won’t go to the party.
My grandparents won’t have dinner at Mc Donald’s.
Peter won’t take the test.
The meeting won’t be in April.
If you don’t study, you will not improve your English.
Natural resources will not be available for a long time if we don’t take care of them.
It won’t be windy tomorrow.
We'll probably not go out this evening.
I think Kelly will not pass the Spanish exam. She doesn’t enjoy studying it.
I think it won’t rain this afternoon.
27
LÍNGUA INGLESA
INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Will Subject Pronoun work
Singular
Will I work...?
Will you work...?
he
Will she work...?
it
Plural
we
Will you work...?
they
Will Paul and Mary go to the party?

Will my grandparents have dinner at the Laguna?
Will the whole class take the test?
Will she be in Rome or Beijing next week?
Will the meeting be in April?
If I study, will I get a better grade in the next Portuguese test?
Will new technologies be available for foreign languages learning?
Will it be windy tomorrow?
Will we probably go out this evening?
Will you close the window for me, please?
OBSERVAÇÕES:
• NÃO USE will em situações que já foram previamente planejadas ou decididas. Nessas
situações, utilizamos o “Be Going To” ou o Present Continuous.
There's a good film on TV tonight. I'm going to watch it. (E não “I'll watch it.”)
I'm working on Saturday. (E não “I'll work on Saturday.”)
• Usamos will como Tag Question de uma oração no imperativo:

Let me have a look at your photos, will you?
Buy me some chocolate, will you?
• Antigamente, a partícula will possuía a forma shall para as primeiras pessoas do singular
e plural (I shall/we shall). Hoje em dia, shall é raramente usado, para enfatizar que algo
vai ou deve ocorrer, ou em registros muito formais.
28
LÍNGUA INGLESA
I shall be late this afternoon. (= I'll be late this afternoon.)
I shall return to Brazil in January. (= I will return to Brazil in January.)
We shall buy everything you need. (= We'll buy everything you need.)
The company rules state that no employee shall smoke on the company premises.
• Shall I...?/ Shall we...? têm o mesmo significado de “Do you think it's a good thing to
do? Do you think this is a good idea?” Nesse sentido, quando o locutor está se
oferecendo para fazer alguma coisa, ou está sugerindo algo, querendo saber se a outra
pessoa aceita a sugestão, usamos shall, NUNCA will.
It's very warm in this room. Shall I open the door?
• Usamos shall como Tag Question de uma oração com “Let’s...”:

Let’s go out, shall we? (Vamos sair, que tal?)
Let’s stay here, shall we? (Vamos ficar aqui, tá bom?)
Let’s talk to daddy, shall we? (Vamos falar com o papai, ok?)
29
LÍNGUA INGLESA
VI - Future “Going To”
Uso:
Empregamos o Future “Going To” para falar de ações e eventos no futuro que
apresentam, de alguma maneira, uma realidade presente (daí utilizarmos o Present Participle
do verbo go para construí-lo). Se dissermos que algo no futuro “is going to happen”, significa
que já foi previamente planejado ou decidido; está começando a acontecer, ou que podemos
visualizar sua ocorrência no momento presente; ou previsões expressas com grande margem
de segurança; pode também ser usada para insistir a outras pessoas que façam ou não algo
(advertir, avisar).
Esta estrutura é muito comum no estilo informal, principalmente na fala cotidiana (já
que os diálogos tratam frequentemente de ações e eventos futuros deste estilo).
Estrutura:
“be” (Simple Present) + going to + Base Form
O Future “Going To” é formado pelo Simple Present do verbo “be” (am/is/are) + going
to + Base Form do verbo principal.
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun be + going to + work Contractions
Singular
I am going to work I’m going to work
You are going to work You’re going to work
He He’s going to work
She is going to work She’s going to work
It It’s going to work

Plural
We We’re going to work
You are going to work You’re going to work
They They’re going to work
I am going to do something. (= I have decided/planned to do it.)

We are going to stay home and take care of her these days. (= we have
decided/planned to do it.)
She’s going to eat less to try to lose weight. (Ela tem a intenção, planejou comer
menos.)
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LÍNGUA INGLESA
When they leave school, they're going to study Architecture. (É intenção deles,
planejaram estudar arquitetura.)
Sophia is going to buy some books tomorrow. (Ela fez planos de ir amanhã comprar
alguns livros.)
I'm going to phone her this evening. (Eu tenho a intenção de telefonar pra ela hoje à
noite.)
A: Don't you want a ride?
B: No, thanks. Bill is going to take me home.
Olivia is going to have another baby in November.
Look at the sky! It's going to rain cats and dogs!
Oh dear! It's 9 o'clock and I'm not ready. I'm going to be late.
Watch out! You're going to hit that car!
Be careful! You are going to break the china dishes!
You're going to finish the soup, you want it or not!
She is going to take those medicines whether she likes it or not!
NEGATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun be + not + going to + work Contractions
Singular
I am not going to work I’m not going to work
You’re not going to work
You are not going to work
You aren’t going to work
He’s not going to work
He
He isn’t going to work
She’s not going to work
She is not going to work
She isn’t going to work
It’s not going to work
It
It isn’t going to work
Plural
We’re not going to work
We
We aren’t going to work
You’re not going to work
You
You aren’t going to work
are not going to work
They’re not going to
work
They
They aren’t going to
work
I am not going to do anything! (= I have decided/planned not to do it.)

We aren’t going to stay home tonight. (= we have decided/planned not to do it.)
She's not going to eat less to try to lose weight. (Ela não tem a intenção, planejou
comer menos.)
When they leave school, they're not going to study Architecture. (Não é intenção
deles, não planejaram estudar arquitetura.)
31
LÍNGUA INGLESA
Sophia isn’t going to buy any books tomorrow. (Ela fez planos de não ir amanhã
comprar livros.)
I'm not going to phone her this evening. (Eu tenho a intenção de não telefonar pra ela
hoje à noite.)
A: Don't you want a ride?
B: Yes, thanks. Bill isn’t going to take me home today.
You are not going to play football in my garden!
INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Be Subject Pronoun going to + work
Singular
Am I going to work...?
Are you going to work...?
he
Is she going to work...?
it
Plural
we
Are you going to work...?
they
A: When are you going to have your hair cut?

B: When the war is over.
Are you going to do something?
Are we going to stay home and take care of her these days?
Is she going to eat less to try to lose weight?
When they leave school, are they going to study Architecture?
Is Sophia going to buy any books tomorrow?
Are you going to phone her this evening?
Is Bill going to take me home today?
Is Olivia going to have another baby?
Is it going to rain today?
OBSERVAÇÕES:
• Quando o verbo a ser conjugado for go, ele poderá ser omitido, para não haver a
repetição de go na oração:
Peter is going to go to New Zealand. (= Peter is going to New Zealand.)
• No inglês informal, especialmente no americano, ocorre a forma gonna, no lugar de

going to:
Everything is gonna be all right. (= Everything is going to be all right.)
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LÍNGUA INGLESA
VII - Present Perfect (Simple)
Para entendermos o Present Perfect, começaremos analisando as duas palavras que

compõem o nome desse tempo verbal:
present = presente;
perfect = concluído.
A palavra present se refere ao tempo cronológico presente. A palavra perfect significa

perfeito, mas não no sentido de “excelente”, “impecável” ou “ótimo”, e sim no sentido de
“pleno”, “completo” ou “concluído”. Um tempo verbal é perfeito, gramaticalmente falando,
quando expressa ação ou estado já passado em relação à determinada época.
Em outras palavras, o Present Perfect é um tempo que exprime uma ação terminada.
Indica uma ação que está concluída do ponto de vista de quem fala, mas que, ao mesmo tempo,
está (ou apresenta relação/consequência) no tempo cronológico presente.
Um dos motivos pelos quais os brasileiros sentem dificuldades em aprender o Present
Perfect é que ele não existe no Português.
Uso:
O Present Perfect é usado para referir-se a ações que ocorrerram num tempo
indefinido no PASSADO; expressar ações que começaram no passado e se prolongam até o
presente (normalmente usado com since ou for); ou ações que ocorreram num tempo ainda
não terminado.
Note que alguns conceitos de tempo cronológico e tempo verbal podem não ser
equivalentes em línguas e culturas diferentes. O falante nativo de inglês, mesmo
inconscientemente, faz uso dessa noção de tempo que relaciona o passado ao presente quando
se comunica utilizando o Present Perfect.
Estrutura:
have (Simple Present) + Past Participle
O Present Perfect é formado pelo Simple Present do verbo auxiliar have (= has/have) +
Past Participle do verbo principal.
A forma Past Participle dos verbos regulares é a mesma do Simple Past, ou seja, basta
acrescentar-se -ed à Base Form do verbo (com atenção às observações ortográficas, quando for
o caso).
O has/have funciona como verbo auxiliar nos tempos perfeitos presentes e, como tal,
NÃO TEM SIGNIFICADO, assim como o auxiliar do/does no Simple Present.
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LÍNGUA INGLESA
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun has/have + work Contractions
Singular
I have worked I’ve worked
You have worked You’ve worked
He He’s worked
She has worked She’s worked
It It’s worked
Plural
We We’ve worked
You have worked You’ve worked
They They’ve worked
He has broken his leg.

We have bought new clothes.
She has written a letter to her friend who lives in Madrid.
She has had a terrible headache.
They have finished the homework.
That rabbit has appeared in our garden.
He's studied law. = He has studied law.
She's been here. = She has been here.
We've worked a lot. = We have worked a lot.
They've built their house. = They have built their house.
I've broken a glass. = I have broken a glass.
She's given birth to a boy. = She has given birth to a boy.
Someone has left the door opened.
She has cut herself.
You have forgotten to call me.
I have found a wallet in the street.
The researcher has sent the information to the newspaper.
She has fallen down the stairs.
They have studied French.
I have been here since 8 o'clock am.
They have lived here since 1998.
We have lived here for 12 years.
She has worked here for 5 years.
Many things have changed since last summer.
34
LÍNGUA INGLESA
NEGATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun has/have + not + work Contractions
Singular
I have not worked I haven’t worked
You have not worked You haven’t worked
He He hasn’t worked
She has not worked She hasn’t worked
It It hasn’t worked
Plural
We We haven’t worked
You have not worked You haven’t worked
They They haven’t worked
She has not given me a present.

They have not heard what I've told.
You have not eaten anything so far.
We have not done our homework.
He hasn't gone to the beach, he's gone to the countryside.
She hasn't told her parents where she's been all day.
We haven't seen this movie yet.
Susan hasn't bought a car.
They haven't believed her.
35
LÍNGUA INGLESA
INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Has/Have Subject Pronoun work
Singular
Have I worked...?
Have you worked...?
he
Has she worked...?
it
Plural
we
Have you worked...?
they
Have you already talked to your boss?

Have they lived in Amsterdam?
Has she brought the English/Portuguese dictionary?
Has he found his wallet?
Have you ever been to the United States?
Has she solved the problem yet?
Have they gone out?
OBSERVAÇÃO:
O Present Perfect é bastante utilizado com os seguintes advérbios:
• Just (há pouco) - para indicar que as ações ocorreram num passado bem recente:
We have just known each other.
I have just seen your sister.
They have just arrived from Belfast.
• Already (já) - para indicar que a ação já ocorreu. É usado apenas em frases afirmativas
e interrogativas (caso haja a expectativa de uma resposta afirmativa), sendo
posicionado sempre antes do verbo principal:
She has already arrived home.
They have already gone to the birthday's party.
I have already seen this movie.
Have you already read this book?
• Yet (já; ainda) - é usado em frases negativas com sentido de ainda; em frases
interrogativas, é usado significando já. Posiciona-se SEMPRE no final da frase.
We have not decided our topic yet.
She has not come from lunch yet.
36
LÍNGUA INGLESA
Have you talked to your teacher yet?
• Never (nunca) - é usado para indicar que algo não aconteceu:

He has never forgotten you.
They have never been here.
I have never seen this movie.
• Ever (já; alguma vez) - é usado para saber se a ação já aconteceu alguma vez.
Geralmente ocorre em perguntas:
Have you ever travelled abroad?
Has she ever been to Salvador?
Have you ever flown Air France?
* Ever também é usado com o superlativo para indicar que algo é o maior, o melhor, o
mais interessante que alguém já viu, leu, fez, trabalhou, etc.:
He is the busiest man I have ever known.
• Lately (ultimamente) e recently (recentemente) - esses advérbios são posicionados no

final da oração:
Have you visited your relatives in North Carolina lately?
I haven't gone to the movies lately.
Have they come here recently?
She has moved recently.
NÃO CONFUNDA!!!! Simple Past x Present Perfect:
• O Simple Past refere-se apenas a ações passadas que ACABARAM em um TEMPO

DEFINIDO no passado:
I went to the park last weekend. (Simple Past)
• O Present Perfect pode expressar ações passadas que ACABARAM em um tempo NÃO
DEFINIDO no passado; ações que AINDA NÃO TERMINARAM, ou seja, que
começaram no passado e ainda se estendem até o presente; ou ações que ocorreram
num tempo ainda não terminado.
I have worked hard (?). (Present Perfect)
They have been here since midday. (Present Perfect)
I have seen her today. (Present Perfect)
37
LÍNGUA INGLESA
VIII - Present Perfect Continuous
Uso:
O Present Perfect Continuous é usado, basicamente, para enfatizar a continuidade ou

a intensidade de uma ação que começou no passado e que se prolonga até o presente. Nesse
caso, para expressar o tempo, geralmente usa-se since, for, all day (long), all morning (long), all
week (long), etc. Pode haver ainda, ao usar-se este tempo verbal, um sutil entendimento de que
a ação se prolongará para além do tempo presente.
Estrutura:
have (Simple Present) + “be” (Past Participle) + (-ing)
O Present Perfect Continuous é formado pelo Simple Present do verbo auxiliar have (=
has/have) + Past Participle do verbo “be” (= been) + Progressive Form (-ing) do verbo principal:
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun has/have + been + working Contractions
Singular
I have been working I’ve been working
You have been working You’ve been working
He He’s been working
She has been working She’s been working
It It’s been working

Plural
We We’ve been working
You have been working You’ve been working
They They’ve been working
She has been working as a mathematics teacher for 10 years.

I've been playing tennis for one hour.
Women have been fighting for their rights during the last decades.
You have been talking on the phone since I got home.
They have been studying for three hours.
Carol has been going to school by bus since her father's car broke.
They have been studying hard.
My parents have been travelling around Europe for four months.
He has been playing the guitar for two hours.
She has been running for half an hour.
It's been raining a lot all week (long).
38
LÍNGUA INGLESA
We have been learning English for many years.
He has been sleeping for more than ten hours.
NEGATIVE FORM:
has/have + not + been +

Subject Pronoun Contractions
working
Singular
I have not been working I haven’t been working
You haven’t been
You have not been working
working
He He hasn’t been working
She has not been working She hasn’t been working
It It hasn’t been working

Plural
We We haven’t been working
You haven’t been
You have not been working working
They haven’t been
They
working
I have not been sleeping well since last week because my husband snores a lot.
They have not been using the blender for months.
She hasn't been living in San Diego since 1995. She has been living there since 1997.
They haven't been working since nine o'clock.
Susan has not been reading any book for one year!
39
LÍNGUA INGLESA
INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Has/Have Subject Pronoun been + working
Singular
Have I been working...?
Have you been working...?
he
Has she been working...?
it
Plural
we
Have you been working...?
they
Has he been washing his car for two hours?

Have you been working since eight o' clock?
What have you been doing since I last saw you?
Has she been washing her own clothes since she was a child?
How long have you been living here?
OBSERVAÇÕES:
• Usa-se também o Present Perfect Continuous para falar sobre ações passadas que
acabaram de ser concluídas, cujos efeitos ou consequências são evidentes no presente:
I'm hot because I've been runnnig.
• Usa-se ainda o Present Perfect Continuous para expressar um fato genérico que está
em progresso em período de tempo não específico. Nesse caso, podem ser usados os
advérbios lately (ultimamente), recently (recentemente), etc.
I've been thinking of looking for a different job.
My hand hurts, so I've not been using the computer lately.
40
LÍNGUA INGLESA
IX - Past Perfect (Simple)
Uso:
O Past Perfect é usado para descrever uma ação que ocorreu no passado, ANTES de
outra ação também passada (passado anterior a outro passado). O Past Perfect, que expressa
o primeiro fato (o que ocorreu primeiro), está sempre relacionado a um fato posterior, expresso
pelo o Simple Past. É usado também com o advérbio just para expressar uma ação que tenha
acabado de acontecer antes de outra ação no passado. Também usado com os advérbios
already, when, by the time, never, ever, before, after.
Estrutura:
have (Simple Past) + Past Participle
O Past Perfect é formado pelo Simple Past do verbo have (= had) + Past Participle do
verbo principal. Lembre-se de que o Past Participle dos verbos regulares terminam em -ed, e os
verbos irregulares possuem forma própria.
O had funciona como verbo auxiliar nos tempos perfeitos passados e, como tal, NÃO
TEM SIGNIFICADO, assim como o auxiliar did no Simple Past.
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun had + work Contractions
Singular
I had worked I’d worked
You had worked You’d worked
He He’d worked
She had worked She’d worked
It It’d worked
Plural
We We’d worked
You had worked You’d worked
They They’d worked
The film had already started when we got to the cinema.

Compare: "The film started when we got to the cinema". Nessa frase, as duas ações ocorreram
ao mesmo tempo (ou praticamente ao mesmo tempo) no passado. Já no Past Perfect, ambas as
ações ocorrem no passado, porém uma delas ocorre antes da outra.
41
LÍNGUA INGLESA
They couldn't board the plane because they had left their passports at home.
(had left → passado anterior ao passado couldn't board)
I got the promotion because I had sold more than 30 life insurances.
(had sold → passado anterior ao passado got)
The mall had already closed when I arrived there.
He had cleaned the bedroom before his parents arrived at home.
After me and my mother had already eaten, my father arrived with the pizza.
When I saw him, I had just seen his sister.
He had already decided not to go.
By the time the police arrived, the thief had already escaped.
I didn't go to the movies because I had seen the film before.
I had made a cake when my mother arrived at home.
NEGATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun had + not + work Contractions
Singular
I had not worked I hadn’t worked
You had not worked You hadn’t worked
He He hadn’t worked
She had not worked She hadn’t worked
It It hadn’t worked
Plural
We We hadn’t worked
You had not worked You hadn’t worked
They They hadn’t worked
The couch got soaked because they had not closed the window while it was raining.
I hadn’t spoken to Jack before I came here.
Peter hadn't realized it was so dangerous before he got into the area.
42
LÍNGUA INGLESA
INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Had Subject Pronoun work
Singular
Had I worked...?
Had you worked...?
he
Had she worked...?
it
Plural
we
Had you worked...?
they
Had the train already left when you got to the station?
Had you already had dinnner when I called to you?
Had she read the book before seeing the movie?
43
LÍNGUA INGLESA
X - Past Perfect Continuous
Uso:
O Past Perfect Continuous é usado para enfatizar a repetição ou a duração de uma ação
no passado que é anterior à outra ação, também no passado.
Estrutura:
have (Simple Past) + “be” (Past Participle) + (-ing)
O Past Perfect Continuous é formado pelo Simple Past do verbo have (= had) + Past
Participle do verbo “be” (= been) + Progressive Form do verbo principal:
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun had + been + working Contractions
Singular
I had been working I’d been working
You had been working You’d been working
He He’d been working
She had been working She’d been working
It It’d been working

Plural
We We’d been working
You had been working You’d been working
They They’d been working
He was tired because he had been studying for seven hours.

She didn't go shopping because it had been raining all day.
She didn't buy anything in the mall because she had been spending all her money
some weeks before.
I bought this house last month. I had been saving my money to buy it.
44
LÍNGUA INGLESA
NEGATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun had + not + been + working Contractions
Singular
I had not been working I hadn’t been working
You had not been working You hadn’t been working
He He hadn’t been working
She had not been working She hadn’t been working
It It hadn’t been working

Plural
We We hadn’t been working
You had not been working You hadn’t been working

They hadn’t been
They
working
It hadn't been raining during the week, so we decided to go to the beach on the
weekend.
They didn't pass the exam because they hadn't been studying much.
I had not been running for more than fifteen minutes, but I felt very tired.
INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Had Subject Pronoun been + working
Singular
Had I been working...?
Had you been working...?
he
Had she been working...?
it
Plural
we
Had you been working...?
they
45
LÍNGUA INGLESA
Had you been swimming before we met? I was told the pool was not good for use
yesterday.
Had you been waiting that long for her by the time she arrived last night?
46
LÍNGUA INGLESA
XI - Future Continuous
Uso:
Usamos o Future Continuous para expressar ações ou estados temporários que estarão
em andamento num momento determinado no futuro ou que se estenderão por um período
de tempo limitado. Para indicar esse momento determinado, o ouvinte/interlocutor geralmente
sabe de quando estamos falando, pois são usadas expressões que marcam um tempo futuro,
seja por volta de um certo horário ou tempo não tão específico ou uma ação que estará em
andamento no futuro quando outra já tiver ocorrido (também num tempo futuro). Ou seja, o
Future Continuous relaciona dois tempos futuros; também é usado para perguntar sobre
planos futuros de maneira indireta; e falar de fatos previamente programados para o futuro.
Estrutura:
will + “be” + (-ing)
O Future Continuous é formado pelo Futuro Simples do verbo “be” (= will be) +
Progressive Form do verbo principal.
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun will + be + working Contractions
Singular
I will be working -
You will be working -
He -
She will be working -
It -
Plural
We -
You will be working -
They -
I hate Mondays, but this time next week we will be lying on a beach in Portugal.
Don't call me at 3:30 because I'll still be helping my mother with the housework.
I'm sorry, I will not be able to help you with the English lessons through the phone on
Saturday morning because I will be exercising in the fitness center.
This week I'm working in São Paulo, but next week I'll be working in Minas Gerais.
I'll be arriving at 7:00.
I'll be seeing you at Mike's birthday party.
We'll be having dinner when the film starts.
47
LÍNGUA INGLESA
Take your umbrella. It will be raining when you return.
At this time tomorrow, she'll be flying over the Atlantic Ocean.
The train will be arriving at 8 o'clock.
The President will be visiting South Africa and Côte d'Ivoire at the end of the month.
Professor Schaff will be giving another lecture on Latin Language at the same time
next week.
NEGATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun will + not + be + working Contractions
Singular
I’ll not be working
I will not be working
I won’t be working
You’ll not be working
You will not be working
You won’t be working
He’ll not be working
He
He won’t be working
She’ll not be working
She will not be working
She won’t be working
It’ll not be working
It
It won’t be working
Plural
We’ll not be working
We
We won’t be working
You’ll not be working
You will not be working
You won’t be working
They’ll not be working
They
They won’t be working
If you call me later, I'll probably not be working in the housekeeping anymore.
I can help you tomorrow morning because I won’t be exercising at the gym.
They won't be watching TV at 9 p.m. tonight.
She will not be sleeping when you telephone her.
Pamela won’t be working in New York next semester.
48
LÍNGUA INGLESA
INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Will Subject Pronoun be + working
Singular
Will I be working...?
Will you be working...?
he
Will she be working...?
it
Plural
we
Will you be working...?
they
What will you be doing when I arrive?

Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight?
A: Where will you be staying?
B: I'll be staying at a pretty fine hotel.
A: What time will you be leaving?
B: I'll be leaving at 10:00.
Will you be driving to downtown this afternoon?
OBSERVAÇÕES:
• O Future Continuous não pode ser usado com state verbs (know, have, see, etc).
It will seem (will be seeming) strange to go away without the children.
• Em alguns casos, podemos usar o Simple Future e o Future Progressive sem diferença
de significado, especialmente quando o fato ocorrer em tempo indefinido:
Don't be impatient. She'll come soon. / Don't be impatient. She'll be coming soon.
The sun will set in a minute. / The sun will be setting in a minute.
49
LÍNGUA INGLESA
XII - Future Perfect (Simple)
Uso:
O Future Perfect é usado para expressar uma ação que estará terminada em um
determinado momento do futuro, ou antes de outra ação futura. Nas situações em que se
emprega esse tempo verbal, nós nos projetamos no futuro e olhamos para o passado, a fim de
ver nossas ações; o Future Perfect também é usado em situações em que, com base em
probabilidades, tiram-se conclusões sobre ações futuras; e para fazer projeções e estimativas.
Em todas as situações de uso desse tempo verbal, é preciso determinar, no momento
da elocução, uma data, período ou época. Ou seja, as frases construídas com essa estrutura
devem ter expressões que marquem o tempo futuro: next month, in 2060, when I gradute. Em
frases em que o Future Perfect é usado, é comum aparecer before (antes), by (até, no, na),
when (quando), still (ainda), already (já).
Estrutura:
will + have + Past Participle
O Future Perfect é formado pelo Simple Future do verbo have (= will have) + Past
Participle do verbo principal.
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun will + have + worked Contractions
Singular
I will have worked I’ll have worked
You will have worked You’ll have worked
He He’ll have worked
She will have worked She’ll have worked
It It’ll have worked

Plural
We We’ll have worked
You will have worked You’ll have worked
They They’ll have worked
By the time we get the airport, the plane will have already left.
By the time you arrive, I will have already done my homework.
They will have gone to their house by next week.
He will have already* left./He will already* have left.
50
LÍNGUA INGLESA
* O advérbio already, no Future Perfect, pode se posicionar antes ou depois do
auxiliar have.
The builders say they will have finished the roof by Tuesday.
When I die, my children will have had a good education.
I will call him after 11:00 am. He will have arrived.
I think I won't go to the concert. The tickets will have sold out.
I will have read The Catcher in the Rye before the next Literature class.
They will have announced the results of the presidential election by Thursday.
I'll have finished the article by tomorrow.
By the time that this letter reaches you I will have left the country.
I'll have spent all my holiday money by the end of the week.*
*Depois de I e de we, é possível empregar shall em vez de will ("I shall have spent...")
By the end of the year, 25,000 people will have died in road accidents.
The company will have invested 15 million dollars in new technology by 2010.
By next year, we'll have lived in this city for five years.
NEGATIVE FORM:
Subject Pronoun will + not + have + worked Contractions
Singular
I’ll not have worked
I will not have worked
I won’t have worked
You’ll not have worked
You will not have worked
You won’t have worked
He’ll not have worked
He
He won’t have worked
She’ll not have worked
She will not have worked
She won’t have worked
It’ll not have worked
It
It won’t have worked
Plural
We’ll not have worked
We
We won’t have worked
You’ll not have worked
You will not have worked
You won’t have worked
They’ll not have worked
They
They won’t have worked
They will not have finished the job by April.

When mom arrives, I'll not have washed the dishes yet.
51
LÍNGUA INGLESA
INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Will Subject Pronoun have + worked
Singular
Will I have worked...?
Will you have worked...?
he
Will she have worked...?
it
Plural
we
Will you have worked...?
they
Will you have studied all the subjects by tomorrow?

Will they have already published your article by Monday?
52
LÍNGUA INGLESA
XIII - Future Perfect Continuous
Uso:
O Future Perfect Continuous é usado para indicar ações que estiverem em

desenvolvimento (em progresso - caráter contínuo) durante um período anterior a outra ação
no futuro; usamos também o Future Perfect Continuous para enfatizar o período de duração
de uma ação que estará ocorrendo em determinado tempo no futuro, podendo ou não estar
ocorrendo no momento da fala. Esta ação pode ter se iniciado no passado.
Estrutura:
will + have + “be” (Past Participle) + (-ing)
O Future Perfect Continuous é formado pelo Future Perfect do verbo “be” (= will have
been) + Progressive Form verbo principal.
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
will + have + been +

working
Singular
I will have been working I’ll have been working
You will have been working You’ll have been working
He He’ll have been working
She will have been working She’ll have been working
It It’ll have been working

Plural
We We’ll have been working
You will have been working You’ll have been working

They’ll have been
They
working
Sebastian will have been studying for weeks before the final examination.
By 2013, we will have been working on this project for five years.
If the bus arrives at nine, I'll have been waiting here for nearly one hour.
I will have been working here for ten years next week.
Henry will be tired when he arrives. He will have been travelling for 24 hours.
It's eight o'clock now. I'll start studying at ten. Henry will arrive at noon. I'll have been
studying for two hours by the time Henry arrives.
53
LÍNGUA INGLESA
By next year, we'll have been living in this city for five years.
NEGATIVE FORM:
will + not + have + been +

working
Singular
I’ll not have been
working
I will not have been working
I won’t have been
working
You’ll not have been
working
You will not have been working
You won’t have been
working
He’ll not have been
working
He
He won’t have been
working
She’ll not have been
working
She will not have been working
She won’t have been
working
It’ll not have been
working
It
It won’t have been
working
Plural
We’ll not have been
working
We
We won’t have been
working
You’ll not have been
working
You will not have been working
You won’t have been
working
They’ll not have been
working
They
They won’t have been
working
Don't worry about being a little late. By the time you get there, they won't have been
working for more than a few minutes.
54
LÍNGUA INGLESA
INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Will Subject Pronoun have + been + working
Singular
Will I have been working...?
Will you have been working...?
he
Will she have been working...?
it
Plural
we
Will you have been working...?
they
By next month, how long will we have been working on this project?
By July of this year, how long will you and your boyfriend have been living in Rio?
55

02 - Verb Tenses

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02 - Verb Tenses

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LÍNGUA INGLESA

Professor: Marcelo Pimentel Farias

VERBOS, FORMAS VERBAIS E TEMPOS VERBAIS

Regulares (Regular Verbs);

Irregulares (Irregular Verbs);

Modais (Modal Verbs).

Present Participle (Progressive Form or Adjectives) / Gerund.

TEMPO (cronológico) = TIME

TEMPO (clima) = WEATHER

TEMPO (gramatical) = TENSE

O indivíduo, a roupa e o evento! – Entenda a relação:

O VERBO é o INDIVÍDUO. Quando um indivíduo precisa

Dividiremos o estudo do Simple Present em duas partes:

Simple Present do verbo “be”;

Simple Present dos outros verbos.

1. Simple Present do verbo “be”:

O verbo “be” significa “ser” ou “estar” em português. Observe sua conjugação no

Subject Pronoun am/is/are Contractions

You are You’re

You are You’re

Subject Pronoun am/is/are + not Contractions

You are not You’re not / You aren’t

He He’s not / He isn’t

She is not She’s not / She isn’t

It It’s not / It isn’t

You are not You’re not / You aren’t

They They’re not / They aren’t

Am/Is/Are Subject Pronoun -

Are you ...?

• Forma Imperativo Afirmativo:

• Forma Imperativo Negativo:

2. Simple Present dos outros verbos:

Usamos o Simple Present para expressar hábitos, rotinas, situações permanentes,

Subject Pronoun work Contractions

They work in a factory.

• Os advérbios de tempo e os advérbios de frequência NUNCA podem se posicionar entre

Subject Pronoun do/does not + work Contractions

She does not work doesn't work

You do not work don't work

I do not talk to her./I don't talk to her.

Do/Does Subject Pronoun work

• Forma Imperativo Afirmativo:

• Com pronomes indefinidos como somebody, nobody, everybody, nothing, everything,

• Se os verbos terminarem em -y precedido de consoante, troca-se o -y por -i e

“be” (Simple Present) + (-ing)

O Present Continuous é formado pelo Simple Present do verbo “be” (am/is/are) +

Subject Pronoun am/is/are + working Contractions

You are working You’re working

She is working She’s working

You are working You’re working

They They’re working

My mother is sweeping the house.

Subject Pronoun am/is/are + not + working Contractions

Am/Is/Are Subject Pronoun working

Are you working...?

III - Simple Past

1. Verbos Regulares (Regular Verbs):

Subject Pronoun work Contractions

Susan helped him last night.

• Nos verbos terminados em CVC (consoante/vogal/consoante) cuja sílaba tônica não é

Subject Pronoun did not + work Contractions

She did not work didn't work

You did not work didn't work

Did Subject Pronoun work