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ENGEMARINHA - SIMULADO 1 - 2022
CONHECIMENTOS BÁSICOS
TEXTO 01 em crise deixa de projetar o próprio futuro. Se
deixarmos de projetar nosso futuro, alguém o
Raras vezes na história humana, o projetará para nós, não em função de nossos
trabalho, a riqueza, o poder e o saber mudaram interesses, mas do seu próprio proveito.
simultaneamente. Quando isso ocorre, sobrevêm
verdadeiras descontinuidades que marcam Domenico de Masi. Alfabeto da sociedade
época, pedras miliares no caminho da desorientada: para entender o nosso tempo.
humanidade. A invenção das técnicas para Trad. Silvana Cobucci e Federico Carotti. São
controlar o fogo, o início da agricultura e do Paulo: Objetiva, 2017, p. 93-4 (com adaptações).
pastoreio na Mesopotâmia, a organização da
democracia na Grécia, as grandes descobertas 1. Infere-se do texto que a desorientação das
científicas e geográficas entre os séculos XII e XVI, gerações, em épocas específicas, promove
o advento da sociedade industrial no século XIX, uma radical e simultânea alteração no escopo
tudo isso representa saltos de época, que do trabalho, da riqueza, do poder e do saber
desorientaram gerações inteiras. humano.
2. De acordo com o texto, as sociedades deste
Se observarmos bem, essas ondas longas século vivenciaram a substituição da
da história, como as chamava Braudel, tornaram- agricultura e, a partir disso, passaram a se
se cada vez mais curtas. Acabamos de nos submeter ao controle dos proprietários de
recuperar da ultrapassagem da agricultura pela veículos de informação.
indústria, ocorrida no século XX, e, em menos de 3. O texto caracteriza-se como dissertativo-
um século, um novo salto de época nos tomou de argumentativo, devido, entre outros
surpresa, lançando-nos na confusão. Dessa vez o aspectos, à presença de evidências e fatos
salto coincidiu com a rápida passagem de uma históricos utilizados para validar a
sociedade de tipo industrial dominada pelos argumentação do autor.
proprietários das fábricas manufatureiras para 4. Seria mantida a correção gramatical do texto
uma sociedade de tipo pós-industrial dominada se o trecho “diante de uma mudança” fosse
pelos proprietários dos meios de informação. alterado para ante a uma mudança.
5. Seria mantida a correção gramatical do texto
O fórceps com o qual a recém-nascida caso a forma verbal “representa” (4º.
sociedade pós-industrial foi extraída do ventre da parágrafo) fosse substituída por
sociedade industrial anterior é representado pelo representam.
progresso científico e tecnológico, pela 6. Mantendo-se a correção gramatical e os
globalização, pelas guerras mundiais, pelas sentidos do texto, o primeiro período do
revoluções proletárias, pelo ensino universal e terceiro parágrafo poderia ser reescrito da
pelos meios de comunicação de massa. Agindo seguinte maneira: O progresso científico e
simultaneamente, esses fenômenos produziram tecnológico, a globalização, as guerras
uma avalanche ciclópica — talvez a mais mundiais, as revoluções proletárias, o ensino
irresistível de toda a história humana — na qual universal e os meios de comunicação de
nós, contemporâneos, temos o privilégio e a massa representam o fórceps com o qual foi
desventura de estar envolvidos em primeira extraída do ventre da sociedade industrial
pessoa. anterior a recém-nascida sociedade pós-
industrial.
Ninguém poderia ficar impassível diante 7. A expressão “na qual” (3º. parágrafo) refere-
de uma mudança dessa envergadura. Por isso a se ao termo antecedente “história humana”.
sensação mais difundida é a desorientação.
________________________________________________________
A nossa desorientação afeta as esferas
econômica, familiar, política, sexual, cultural... É TEXTO 2
um sintoma de crescimento, mas é também um
indício de um perigo, porque quem está Com o extraordinário desenvolvimento
desorientado sente-se em crise, e quem se sente científico e tecnológico experimentado na
segunda metade do século XX, estabeleceram-se
hobbies fell by half. Eleven- to 15-year olds in together. But all of them are fighting forces which,
Britain now spend, on average, half their waking if they cannot be changed, will deprive the living
day in front of a screen. planet of the wonder and delight that for
[6] There are several reasons for this millennia have attracted children to the wilds.
collapse: parents' irrational fear of strangers and
rational fear of traffic, the destruction of the (Adaptedfrom:https://www.theguardian.com/c
fortifying lands where previous generations ommentisfree/2012/nov/19/children-lose
played, the quality of indoor entertainment, the contact-with-nature)
structuring of children's time, the criminalisation
of natural play. The great indoors, as a result, has 26. Considering the text above, judge the
become a far more dangerous place than the following item.
diminished world beyond. According to the text the current policies aim
[7] The rise of obesity and asthma and the at a maximum of 2ºC the rise of temperatures
decline in cardio-respiratory fitness are well by the end of the century.
documented. Louv also links indoor life to an 27. Considering the text above, judge the
increase in attention deficit hyperactivity following item.
disorder and other mental ill health. Research The meaning of the word "engagement" in
conducted at the University of Illinois suggests paragraph 5 can be replaced by the word
that playing among trees and grass is associated involvement.
with a marked reduction in indications of ADHD, 28. Considering the text above, judge the
while playing indoors appears to increase them. following item.
The disorder, Louv suggests, "may be a set of The symptoms of ADHD increase when a
symptoms aggravated by lack of exposure to child is submitted to many unexpected
nature". Perhaps it's the environment, not the conditions in the natural world.
child, that has gone wrong. 29. Considering the text above, judge the
[8] In her famous essay the Ecology of following item.
Imagination in Childhood, Edith Cobb proposed Edith Cobb proposed that contact with nature
that contact with nature stimulates creativity. stimulates creativity because many geniuses
Reviewing the biographies of 300 "geniuses" she have presented theories in favour of that.
exposed a common theme: intense experiences of 30. Considering the text above, judge the
the natural world in the middle age of childhood following item.
(between five and 12). Animals and plants, she In paragraph 9, the word "there" refers to
argued, are among "the figures of speech in the social standing
rhetoric of play... which the genius, in particular 31. Considering the text above, judge the
of later life, seems to remember". following item.
[9] Studies in several nations show that Being in contact with nature has no substitute
children's games are more creative in green because the greatest joys of nature are
places than in concrete playgrounds. Natural unplanned.
spaces encourage fantasy and roleplay, reasoning
and observation. The social standing of children ________________________________________________________
there depends less on physical dominance, more
on inventiveness and language skills. TEXT 07
[10] And here we meet another great loss.
Most of those I know who fight for nature are Read the text below.
people who spent their childhoods immersed in
it. Without a feel for the texture and function of There are many different opinions on how much
the natural world, without an intensity of water you should be drinking every day.
engagement almost impossible in the absence of Health authorities commonly recommend eight (
early experience, people will not devote their 8 ) ounce glasses, which equals about 2 liters, or
lives to its protection. half a gallon. This is called the 8x8 rule and is very
[11] Forest Schools, Outward Bound, easy to remember.
Woodcraft Folk, the John Muir Award, the However, some health gurus believe that you
Campaign for Adventure, Natural Connections, need to sip on water constantly throughout the
family nature clubs and many others are trying to day, even when you're not thirsty.
bring children and the natural world back As with most things, this depends on the
individual. Many factors (both internal and
external) ultimately affect your need for water. customers potentially affected by the incident,
which saw the culprits hijack software updates
(https://www.healthline.com) for a widely-used IT monitoring tool called
"Orion" to spread malware, seemingly with the
32. Considering the text above, judge the intention of espionage. The consequences of the
following item. brazen cyber-assault, which was first discovered
You can only drink eight ounce glasses of by security firm FireEye after it too was
water the equivalent of half a gallon to fill infiltrated by the same group, are yet to be
your necessity. understood. But experts fear the hackers' access
could be exploited to steal sensitive information
________________________________________________________ or destroy and falsify government data, and warn
it could take years to fix.
TEXT 08
While the full list of victims is unclear — and
Renew or replace your adult passport expanding almost daily — Microsoft said its
teams had identified more than 40 of its
You must be aged 16 or over (or turning 16 in the customers the attackers had aimed at "more
next 3 weeks) if you want an adult passport. precisely and compromised through additional
There's a different process to get a passport for a and sophisticated measures."
child.
It now seems likely the scope of the victims could
The rules for passports, driving, pet travel and be broad. Microsoft said the initial list included
more may change from 1 January 2021. Act now security, technology and non-governmental
so you can travel as planned. organizations (NGOs) alongside the government
targets. It said 80 percent of attacks that it logged
If you're in the UK you can were U.S. based. "This is not 'espionage as usual,'
- renew your passport if it's expired or will expire even in the digital age. Instead, it represents an
soon; act of recklessness that created a serious
- replace your passport if it's been lost, stolen or technological vulnerability for the United States
damaged; and the world," Brad Smith, president of the U.S.
- change the details on your passport. tech giant, wrote on Thursday.
(Adapted from https://www.gov.uk/renew- "The attack unfortunately represents a broad and
adult-passport>) successful espionage-based assault on both the
confidential information of the U.S. government
33. Considering the text above, judge the and the tech tools used by firms to protect them.
following item. The attack is ongoing," the executive continued.
The maximum age to have an adult passport Analysis is ongoing to determine which
is sixteen as you follow the rules for driving companies were impacted by the hack, as just
and pet travel. because an entity used Orion is not evidence that
it was actively compromised.
________________________________________________________
TEXT 09 Internet: <www.newsweek.com> (adapted).
As American federal authorities and 34. Considering the text above, judge the
cybersecurity experts rush to identify the full following item.
scope of the SolarWinds compromise, the list of Microsoft reported that over three-thirds of
known targets grows. The fallout from the the cyberattacks happened to companies and
cyberattack on the Texas-based software organizations located in the USA.
company appears to be vast, with a slew of 35. Considering the text above, judge the
powerful U.S. government agencies and following item.
businesses seemingly being infected by hackers In "It now seems likely the scope of the
who are believed to be affiliated with Russia. victims could be broad", the word 'likely' is a
synonymous with lovely.
SolarWinds says it has identified 18,000 36. Considering the text above, judge the
following item.
American cybersecurity experts and federal
authorities are not only in a hurry to solve the
problem, but they are also sure the hackers
are from Russia.
37. Considering the text above, judge the
following item.
SolarWinds is a software company which is
headquartered in Texas.
40. Based on the comic strip presented above,
38. Considering the text above, judge the
judge the following item.
following item.
We can infer from the comic strip that the
The cyberattacks have stopped, but
man who wants to create the website is also
authorities and experts still want to find who
good at using his credit card carelessly.
or what is responsible for such crime.
41. Based on the comic strip presented above,
judge the following item.
________________________________________________________
The man on the right went away because he
TEXT 10 realized that his friend has a compulsive
online shopping disorder.
Read the text.
________________________________________________________
Money and happiness
TEXT 11
While it is true money can’t buy love or
A deep freeze this week in the Lone Star
happiness, a certain amount is necessary to have
state, which relies on electricity to heat many
a baseline of happiness. Interestingly, from
homes, is causing power demand to skyrocket. At
science we learn that for most people the magic
the same time, natural gas, coal, wind and nuclear
number is between $75 - $ 100K per year. At that
facilities in Texas have been knocked offline by
point we have enough money not to be struggling
the unthinkably low temperatures.
between paychecks, and there is a diminishing
“The extreme cold is causing the entire
return on making more money after that. The
system to freeze up,” said Jason Bordoff, director
nice thing is happiness is more about our habits
of Columbia University’s Center on Global Energy
and attitudes that we can control through things
Policy. “All sources of energy are
like exercise, mindfulness, gratitude, kindness,
underperforming in the extreme cold because
etc. regardless of how much or how little money
they’re not designed to handle these unusual
we have. Happiness is a choice and a process, not
conditions.”
a place.
The ripple effects are being felt around
the nation as Texas’ prolific oil-and-gas industry
(https ://www.linkedin.com/pulse)
stumbles.
It’s striking that these power outages are
39. Considering the text above, judge the
happening in a state with abundant energy
following item.
resources. Texas produces more electricity than
Happiness is not all about money but also
any other US state — generating almost twice as
about habits and attitudes being a process in
much as Florida, the next-closest, according to
our lives.
federal statistics.
Wind power is also booming in Texas,
________________________________________________________
which produced about 28% of all the US wind-
powered electricity in 2019, the EIA said. But the
problem is that not only is Texas an energy
superpower, it tends to be an above-average
temperature state. That means its infrastructure
is ill-prepared for the cold spell currently
wreaking havoc. And the consequences are being
felt by millions.
Critics of renewable energy have pointed
out that wind turbines have frozen or needed to 46. About ideas stated in the text above and the
be shut down due to the extreme weather. words used in it, judge the following item.
Even though other places with colder In “Natural gas and coal-fired power plants
weather (like Iowa and Denmark) rely on wind need water to stay online. Yet those water
for even larger shares of power, experts said the facilities froze in the cold temperatures and
turbines in Texas were not winterized for the others lost access to the electricity they
unexpected freeze. require to operate”, it is possible to substitute
But this is not just about wind turbines “Yet” for “Even so” without changing the
going down. Natural gas and coal-fired power meaning of the sentence.
plants need water to stay online. Yet those water 47. About ideas stated in the text above and the
facilities froze in the cold temperatures and words used in it, judge the following item.
others lost access to the electricity they require to There are places in the world where wind
operate. power works well in freezing temperatures.
It’s too early to definitively say what went 48. About ideas stated in the text above and the
wrong in Texas and how to prevent similar words used in it, judge the following item.
outages. More information will need to be There are other states, like Florida, that
released by state authorities. Still, some experts produce energy on a level similar to that of
say the criticism of wind power appears Texas.
overdone already. “In terms of the blame game,
the focus on wind is a red herring. It’s more of a ________________________________________________________
political issue than what is causing the power
problems on the grid,” said Dan Cohan, associate TEXT 12
professor of environmental engineering at Rice
University. Perspectives on modern data analytics
The energy crisis in Texas raises also
questions about the nature of the state’s By Eric Knorr - Editor in Chief, CIO | APR 12,
deregulated and decentralized electric grid. 2021 3:00 AM PDT
Unlike other states, Texas has made a conscious
decision to isolate its grid from the rest of the Some things don't change, even during a
country. pandemic. Consistent with previous years, in
That means that when things are running CIO’s 2021 State of the CIO survey, a plurality of
smoothly, Texas can’t export excess power to the 1,062 IT leaders surveyed chose
neighboring states. And in the current crisis, it “data/business analytics” as the No.1 tech
can’t import power either. initiative expected to drive IT investment.
Unfortunately, analytics initiatives seldom do
Internet: <www.cnn.com> (adapted). nearly as well when it comes to stakeholder
satisfaction.
42. About ideas stated in the text above and the Last year, CIO contributor Mary K. Pratt offered
words used in it, judge the following item. an excellent analysis of why data analytics
Changes in energy production in Texas are initiatives still fail, including poor-quality or
having an impact across the United States. siloed data, vague rather than targeted business
43. About ideas stated in the text above and the objectives, and clunky one-size-fits-all feature
words used in it, judge the following item. sets. But a number of fresh approaches and
Despite the cold temperatures, energy technologies are making these pratfalls less
production in Texas continued unimpeded. likely.
44. About ideas stated in the text above and the (...)
words used in it, judge the following item. New technology invariably incurs new risks. No
In the last paragraph of the text, “That” refers advancement has had more momentous impact
to the decision by Texas to isolate its energy on analytics than machine learning – from
grid from the rest of the country. automating data prep to detecting meaningful
45. About ideas stated in the text above and the patterns in data – but it also adds an unforeseen
words used in it, judge the following item. hazard. As CSO Senior Writer Lucian Constantin
The text points to the lack of wind as the explains in "How data poisoning attacks corrupt
primary cause for a dip in the production of machine learning models," deliberately skewed
wind energy during the period described. data injected by malicious hackers can tilt models
toward some nefarious goal. The result could be,
Disponívelem:https://www.cio.com/article/361
4692/5-perspectiveson-modern-data-
analytics.html.Acesso em: 15 out. 2021.