FIV FeLV

© Copyright - FERNANDA AMORIM | 2022 | TODOS OS DIREITOS RESERVADOS | REPRODUÇÃO PROIBIDA
FIV & FeLV
Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa, D.V.M., MSc., Ph.D

Professora Doutora de Clínica Médica de Felinos Domésticos
Departamento de Medicina Animal
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
MATERIAL PROTEGIDO POR DIREITOS AUTORAIS - Proibida cópia e/ou reprodução total ou parcial
1. Introdução
★ Retroviroses Felinas:
★ Vírus da Imunode ciência Felina (FIV)
★ Vírus da Leucemia Felina (FeLV)
★ Bastante disseminados no Brasil
★ Pouco conhecimento das doenças
★ Pouca importância dada à prevenção
Fernanda Amorim 2021
1. Introdução
★ FeLV é muito mais patogênico
★ Mielodepressão mais comum na FeLV
★ Doenças crônicas debilitantes na FIV
★ Testes detectam infecção e não doença
★ Muitos vivem anos e morrem de outra doença
FIV & FeLV - 18 de março de 2022

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www.abcdcatsvets.org
Ciclo do Retrovírus
Cursos da infecção
Destruição celular
imuno-mediada
PARA O
NÚCLEO Infecção celular com
RT ou sem produção viral
Transformação em
RNA viral DNA viral com uma célula tumoral
fita simples 2 fitas (provirus)
Integração no DNA
Fernanda Amorim 2021 da cél. hospedeira
Boas notícias sobre os

Retrovírus:
• Não existe persistência
ambiental
• Rapidamente inativados por

desinfetantes de rotina
• Não são transmitidos por contato indireto

2020

Fatores de Risco
FeLV FIV
IDADE
IMUNODEPRESSÃO
AMBIENTE POPULOSO
ACESSO À RUA

SOCIABILIDADE BRIGAS
Imunode ciência
Viral Felina
Profa. Dra. Fernanda V. Amorim da Costa

Professora de Clínica Médica de Felinos Domés cos
1. Introdução
✤ Len virus (RNA envelopado) linfotrópico
✤ Gênero do HIV, espécie-especí co
✤ Sub pos A, B, C, D, E (tropismo & patogenicidade)
• Gatos podem ter mais de um sub po

✤ Longa latência clínica
• Fase aguda, assintomá ca e sintomá ca


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Prevalência
2. Modos de transmissão
- raro
Sêmen - raro
Perfil do gato com FIV:

Macho, > 6 anos, com acesso à rua, inteiro, brigas

3. Patogênese
Síndrome aguda Morte
Disseminação do vírus
Órgãos linfoides Infecções
oportunistas
Latência clínica
Céls T CD4+/mm3
Título viremia plasmática

Sintomas
Semanas Anos
Sykes, 2014, cap. 21
Ac + PCR +
Fase aguda
Ac + PCR +
Febre mediana, anorexia e
Fase
Sintomática FIV Linfoadenopatia (1-3 meses)
Imunodeficiência funcional
Aumento do risco de infecções Ac + PCR +/-
secundárias, oportunistas, doenças
imunomediadas ou neoplasias Fase
Assintomática
Vírus excretado na saliva

Muito não passam dessa fase
3. Patogênese
★ Curso da doença clínica depende de:
★ Idade no momento da infecção - jovens
★ Estado de saúde no momento da infecção
★ Dose e via de inoculação viral
★ Cepa viral Imunode ciência & imunoes mulação
★ Status imunológico do gato Infecções oportunistas
Doenças imunomediadas

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4. Sinais clínicos
★ Assintomá cos
★ Doenças oportunistas e crônicas
★ Doenças neurológicas
★ Neoplasias
★ Emagrecimento
★ Glomerulonefrite

GENGIVOESTOMATITE, PERIODONTITE, GENGIVITE
PERDA DE PESO
LINFOADENOPATIA
LINFOMA
ENTEROPATIA
CO-INFECÇÕES (CRVF, Mycoplasma spp. , FeLV, Toxoplasmose)
DERMATITES/OTITES CRÔNICAS
FEBRE, INFECÇÃO RESPIRATÓRIA PERSISTENTE
OFTALMOPATIA (Coriore nite, uveíte)
DOENÇA RENAL CRÔNICA, glomerulonefrite
CARDIOMIOPATIA/MIOCARDITE
NEUROPATIA
(Dist. de comportamento, anisocoria, ataxia, paresia, convulsões)
Febre, anorexia letargia

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Gengivoestoma te
Gengivoestoma te
Doença periodontal

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Rinite crônica
Emagrecimento, feridas
Piodermite, o te
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Linfoma Nasal
Linfoma de nasofaringe
Linfoma renal & uveíte
Imunossupressão por FIV
Ação direta do FIV no DNA célula


Anisocoria
Por que fazer diagnóstico?

• Milhares de infecções/ano
• Adoções/doações
• Desconhecimento da população
• Prevenção - proteger
os negativos !!!
5_30_AAFP Retrovirus Guidelines_endorsement_new position4.qxp_FAB 10/12/2019 14:00 Page 5
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2020) 22, 5–30

SPECIAL ARticle
2020 AAFP Feline Retrovirus

Testing and Management
Guidelines
• Up date do guidelines 2008
Clinical importance: Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) Susan Little
DVM, DABVP (Feline)
• Conhecimento da atual patogênese

infections are found in cats worldwide. Both infections are associated with a variety of clinical Co-Chair*
signs and can impact quality of life and longevity. Bytown Cat Hospital,
Ottawa, ON, Canada
Scope: This document is an update of the 2008 American Association of Feline Practitioners’
feline retrovirus management guidelines and represents current knowledge on pathogenesis, Julie Levy
diagnosis, prevention and treatment of retrovirus infections in cats. DVM, PhD, DACVIM,
DABVP (Shelter Medicine)
Testing and interpretation: Although vaccines are available for FeLV in many countries and for FIV in Co-Chair
some countries, identification of infected cats remains an important factor for preventing new infections. Maddie’s Shelter Medicine
The retrovirus status of every cat at risk of infection should be known. Cats should be tested as soon as Program, Department of
Small Animal Clinical
possible after they are acquired, following exposure to an infected cat or a cat of unknown infection status, Sciences, College of
• Lembrar que são recomendações

prior to vaccination against FeLV or FIV, and whenever clinical illness occurs. It might not be possible to Veterinary Medicine,
University of Florida,
determine a cat’s infection status based on testing at a single point in time; repeat testing using different
Gainesville, FL, USA
methods could be required. Although FeLV and FIV infections can be associated with clinical disease,
some infected cats, especially those infected with FIV, can live for many years with good quality of life. Katrin Hartmann
Dr Med Vet, Dr Habil,
Management of infected cats: There is a paucity of data evaluating treatments for infected cats, DECVIM-CA
especially antiretroviral and immunomodulatory drugs. Management of infected cats is focused on effective Clinic of Small Animal
preventive healthcare strategies, and prompt identification and treatment of illness, as well as limiting the Medicine, Centre for Clinical
Veterinary Medicine,
spread of infection. LMU Munich, Munich,
Germany
Keywords: Feline leukemia virus; feline immunodeficiency virus; FeLV; FIV; polymerase chain reaction;
• Adaptações para a vida real e

Regina Hofmann-
PCR; diagnostics; veterinary sciences Lehmann
Dr Med Vet, Dr Habil, FVH
Clinical Laboratory,
Department of Clinical
Introduction antigen and 4.3% for FIV antibody.3 Another Diagnostics and Services,
large study, in 2010, evaluated test results of over Vetsuisse Faculty,
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline 62,000 cats from veterinary clinics and shelters University of Zurich,
Zurich, Switzerland
immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are among the in the USA and Canada for FeLV antigen and
Margaret Hosie
most common causes of infectious disease of FIV antibody.4 In that study, prevalence for FeLV BVM&S, MRCVS, BSc, PhD
situações com alta prevalência

cats and are found worldwide. A large obser- antigen and FIV antibody was 3.1% and 3.6%, MRC-University of Glasgow
vational study evaluated FeLV and FIV test respectively. A prospective study in Europe that Centre for Virus Research,
Glasgow, UK
results over a 9-year period from 2008 to tested cats visiting a veterinary facility for FeLV
2016.1 The data were collected from a referral RNA in saliva as a measure of antigenemia from Glenn Olah
laboratory database containing results from September 2016 to March 2017 found an overall DVM, PhD, DABVP (Feline)
Albuquerque Cat Clinic,
cats tested in the field using point-of-care prevalence of 2.3%.5 The highest prevalence was Albuquerque, NM, USA
(PoC) tests. Almost 3 million test results from in Southern Europe (5.5%) and the lowest in
Kelly St Denis
68 countries grouped into seven global Northern Europe (0.7%). MSc, DVM, DABVP (Feline)
como a nossa!!!
regions were analyzed (Table 1). These studies show Charing Cross Cat Clinic,
A 2006 survey of over 18,000 cats in the USA that although guide- Brantford, ON, Canada
and Canada reported 2.3% of cats positive for lines for prevention *Corresponding author:
FeLV antigen and 2.5% of cats positive for FIV of infection have susanlittledvm@gmail.com
antibody.2 In 2009, a survey of over 11,000 cats been available for
in Canada reported prevalences of 3.4% for FeLV decades, there
The International Society
remains a need
of Feline Medicine (ISFM)
to improve adher- is pleased to endorse these
ence to testing practice guidelines
and vaccination from the AAFP.
recommendations.
doI: 10.1177/1098612X19895940
© ISFM and AAFP 2020 JFMS CLINICAL PRACTICE 5 Fernanda Amorim 2021

Diagnóstico e segregação dos gatos infectados

ainda são chaves do controle da doença!
• Recém adotados
• Exposição a gatos positivos
• Exposição a gatos sem diagnóstico
• Antes da vacinação (se possível)
• Fazer PCR de FeLV de todos???

• Quando aparecerem sinais clínicos
5. Diagnós co
★ Detecção de an corpo(s): > 60 dias após o contato
★ Snap (p15) Idexx®: 99,2% Sens.; 100% Esp.
★ Imunomigração rápida (gp 40) Alere®: 96% Sens.; 98% Esp.
★ WB: con rmatório - universidades
★ PCR
Detecção de anticorpo
Alere
IDEXX

Westman et al., 2015

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Gatos vacinados
contra FIV
• Podem ser + no teste rápido POC
• EUA e Canadá (até 2015)
• Considerar 7 anos
• Japão, Austrália, N. Zelândia

➡Confirmar + com Alere® ou PCR
5. Diagnós co - vacinados

E os filhotes?
• Ac maternos dão + no teste
• Gatas infectadas
• Gatas vacinadas
• Retestar filhotes + > 6 meses
• Confirmar + com PCR

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5. Diagnós co
★Falsos posi vos:
★ Filhotes < 6 meses - retestar
★ Vacinados (fora do Brasil) - Alere®
★Falsos nega vos: PCR

★ Fase aguda < 60 dias após o contato
★ Fase terminal
Testes de diagnóstico para FIV

Ácidos nucleicos SCAN ME
RNA
DNA
Importante que tenha genes conservados no primer (gag),
Alta acurácia e teste independente de validação Fernanda Amorim 2021
5. Diagnós co
★ PCR com ou sem carga viral (Real me)
★ falsos - posi vos: contaminação / vacina
★ falsos - nega vo: primers / sondas
★ Idexx®: 100% Sens.; 80% Esp.
www.idexx.com.br/pt-br/veterinary/reference-laboratories/tests-and-services/

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Leucemia
Viral Felina
Profa. Dra. Fernanda V. Amorim da Costa

Professora de Clínica Médica de Felinos Domés cos
1. Introdução
★ Retrovírus gama (RNA envelopado)
★ Infecta felídeos domés cos e selvagens
★ Cosmopolita
★ Altamente contagioso
★ Prognós co grave
1. Introdução
★ FeLV - A: transmissível
★ imunodepressão
★ FeLV - B: A + enFeLV
★ neoplasias hematopoié cas
★ FeLV - C : mutações no gene env
★ anemia arregenera va, mielose eritrêmica
★ FeLV - T: tropismo por linfócito T
★ imunodepressão grave

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Prevalência
Macho, 1 a 6 anos, com acesso à rua
SCAN ME
SCAN ME
SCAN ME
SCAN ME

Exposição ao FeLV
Antígenos & Testes PCR Negativos
Semana 1
Infecção Abortiva Infecção Focal ou Atípica
Resposta imune forte Resposta imune variável
Virus Eliminado Antígeno Negativo ou Alternante
Antígenos & Testes PCR Negativos VIREMIA PCR DNA - ou +↓carga viral
PRIMÁRIA
Semana 3-6
p27 +
PCR DNA + VIREMIA
Infecção Regressiva IFA - SECUNDÁRIA
Resposta imune forte Infecção Progressiva
Viremia primária Imunodepressão Resposta imune pobre/ausente
Antígeno Negativo Antígeno positivo, IFA +
PCR DNA + ↓carga viral PCR DNA + ↑ carga viral
Doenças relacionadas ao FeLV

Síndromes clínicas - FeLV

NEOPLÁSICAS NÃO NEOPLÁSICAS
Linfoma Anemias
Mielose eritrêmica Citopenias
Eritroleucemia-reticuloendoteliose Macrocitose/macroplaquetas
Leucemia linfoide Aplasia/hipoplasia MO
Leucemias granulocíticas Imunodepressão
Leucemia megacariocítica Doenças imunomediadas
Mielofibrose Enterites crônicas
Mieloesclerose/osteosclerose Doenças reprodutivas
Osteocondroma Infecções oport./co-infecções
Neuroblastoma olfatório Neuropatias periféricas
Doenças hematopoiéticas
6 Tipos diferentes de anemias Trombocitopenia

Dispneia por anemia grave
Icterícia
Linfoadenopa a
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Infecções secundárias
FHV-1 FCV
Doenças orais
Gengivoestomatite Periodontite
Dispneia

Linfoma mediastinal
Linfoma renal
Uveíte

Os testes rápidos de FeLV….

• NÃO sofrem interferência
da vacinação!
• NÃO sofrem interferência

de anticorpos maternos!
• Detectam antígeno!
Testes de diagnóstico para FeLV

Antígenos Ácidos nucleicos
Solúvel (p27) RNA

(6 semanas) (1 semana)
Celular (IFA) DNA
(16 semanas) (2 semanas)
Detecção de proteína viral

!
res
i sso p27
nsm
tra
São
Detecta viremia transitória

ou persistente
Diagnóstico Fernanda Amorim 2021
Rápido (POC)

Diagnós co
★ Detecção de an geno p27: 3 a 6 semanas após o contato
★Snap - Idexx®: 100% Sens.; 98,6% Esp.
★Imunocromatográ co ALERE: 100% Sens.; 100% Esp. (x Idexx®)
★ Detecta VIREMIA PRIMÁRIA OU SECUNDÁRIA
SCAN ME
300 gatos
Teste de FeLV Sensibilidade (%) Especificidade (%)
SNAPP IDEXX 100 100

ANIGEN (ALERE) 91,8 95,5
* considerando 2 ELISAS de placa de referência como padrão-ouro - ViraCHEK® & PetChek®
178 gatos SCAN ME
Teste de FeLV Sensibilidade (%) Especificidade (%)

SNAPP IDEXX 93,2 96,3
ALERE 90,7 97,8

* considerando qPCR de DNA do Laboratório de Virologia Molecular - UFRJ como padrão-ouro

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Detecção de células da
da!
usa
Po
uco MO infectadas
Detecta infecção
progressiva (persistente)
Imuno uorescência indireta

★ Teste con rmatório de viremia persistente
★ Somente 16 semanas após a infecção
★ Sangue periférico ou MO
★ Falso +: esfregaço espesso, aglomerados, eosino lia
★ Falso -: latência, sem viremia ainda, NØ e plaq.
★Iden ca gatos em infecção progressiva

Testes de diagnóstico para FeLV

SCAN ME
Ácidos nucleicos
RNA
DNA

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Diagnós co
★PCR com (Real me) ou sem carga viral
★RNA - sangue, saliva: material gené co do vírus
★ fase inicial: detecção com 1 semana de infecção
★ iden car gatos infectantes, triagem em ga s
★DNA - sangue: vírus integrado na célula (provirus)
★ fase inicial da infecção - 2 semanas, regressivos
★ testes inconclusivos - 10% ELISA nega vos são + na PCR
★ doadores de sangue, reprodutores
5_30_AAFP Retrovirus Guidelines_endorsement_new position4.qxp_FAB 10/12/2019 14:00 Page 11
S P E C I A L A R t i c l e / 2020 AAFP feline retrovirus guidelines
groups of cats. Saliva swabs from several cats Feline immunodeficiency virus infection
© Copyright - FERNANDA AMORIM | 2022 can be| pooled
TODOSfor OSanalysis
DIREITOS (ideally from a max-
RESERVADOS | REPRODUÇÃO PROIBIDA FIV infection is most commonly diagnosed
imum of 10 cats). However, if a pooled sample through detection of FIV-specific antibodies
is positive for FeLV, individual testing must be using PoC tests performed on whole blood,
63
performed to determine each cat’s status. In serum or plasma. Infected cats usually
Teste de PCR deve ser usado quando?
an experimental setting, RT-PCR performed
on saliva and blood can detect infection as
develop high concentrations of FIV-specific
antibodies, and FIV produces a persistent
Retrovirus Guidelines_endorsement_new position4.qxp_FAB 10/12/2019 14:00 Page 11 early as 1–3 weeks post-exposure.8,16 infection from which cats do not recover.
IFA tests for blood or bone marrow smears Thus, detection of antibodies is generally
• Resultados discordantes
are available from some commercial laborato-
ries for the diagnosis of FeLV infection. These
indicative of FIV infection. In veterinary prac-
tice, antibodies are usually identified using
tests detect secondary viremia once bone either ELISAs or RIM assays, which detect
S P E C I A Lmarrow
A R t i c linfection
e / 2020 is established. Before bone antibodies to various viral antigens. different
• Detecção precoce da infecção
AAFP feline retrovirus
marrow infection is established, cats will test
negative using IFA. Most cats with regressive
guidelines
antibodies are detected by the available PoC
test kits. Most cats produce antibodies within
groups of cats. Saliva swabs from several cats Feline immunodeficiency virus
infections and those that resist bone marrowinfection 60 days of infection.
can be pooled for analysis (ideally from a max-
imum of 10 cats). However, if a pooled sample
FIV infection
infection
through
nature ofdetection • Estadiamento da infecção
is most
will also commonly
test negative.
of FIV-specific
IFA interpretation
diagnosed
The subjective
antibodies
and differences Detection
Most currently available PoC tests for FIV
have been shown to be highly sensitive and
is positive for FeLV, individual testing must be using PoC testsamong
in performance performed on whole
laboratories can blood,
lead specific based on various comparison studies,
performed to determine each cat’s status. In 63
serum
to bothorfalse-positive
plasma. Infected cats usually of antibodies
and false-negative despite differences in study design and refer-
an experimental setting, RT-PCR performed
on saliva and blood can detect infection as
develop
observed in and
antibodies,
• Seleção de doadores de sangue
high concentrations
results. False-negative
cats with
results of
FIV leukopenia
produces and
may FIV-specific
also be
regres-
a persistent
is generally ence standards.52–54 In a study comparing four
different FIV PoC tests in the USA using 94
early as 1–3 weeks post-exposure.8,16 sive infections.
infection from which cats do not recover. indicative of FIV-positive and 97 FIV-negative serum or
IFA tests for blood or bone marrow smears discordant
Thus, detection results between antigen
of antibodies tests
is generally FIV infection. plasma samples, and comparing the results
are available from some commercial laborato-
ries for the diagnosis of FeLV infection. These
Saliva, sangue, medula óssea, tecidos (tumores)
and other techniques
indicative
occurantibodies
tice, as these tests
such asInPCR
of FIV infection.
are detect
and IFAprac-
veterinary
usuallytheidentified
cat’s stage
can
of
using
with virus isolation as the gold standard, sen-
sitivity and specificity were 97.9% and 99.0%
tests detect secondary viremia once bone infection at a single point in time
either ELISAs or RIM assays, which detect (Figure 3). for IdEXX SNAP FIV/FeLV Combo, 94.7%
marrow infection is established. Before bone Repeat testing
antibodies over time
to various viralmight be needed
antigens. to
different and 100% for Witness FeLV-FIV, 96.8% and
marrow infection is established, cats will test clarify the status
antibodies of somebycats.
are detected the Cats with dis-
available PoC 99.0% for Anigen Rapid FIV Ab/FeLV Ag, and
cordant test results should be considered 91.5% and 99.0% for VetScan Feline FeLV/FIV
negative using IFA. Most cats with regressive test kits. Most cats produce antibodies within
potential sources of infection for other cats Rapid test kits, respectively.58 No significant
infections and those that resist bone marrow 60 days of infection.
until their status is clarified. differences in performance among the four
infection will also test negative. The subjective Most currently available PoC tests for FIV tests were reported.
nature of IFA interpretation and differences Detection have been shown to be highly sensitive and Several referral laboratory tests are avail-
in performance among laboratories © can lead - of specific based on various comparison studies,
to both false-positive and false-negative
Copyright antibodies
FERNANDA AMORIM | 2022 | TODOS OS DIREITOS RESERVADOS
despite differences in study design and refer-
| REPRODUÇÃO PROIBIDA able for additional testing after a positive PoC
test for FIV antibodies. However, establishing
results. False-negative results may also be is generally ence standards. 52–54
In a study comparing four the true FIV infection status of cats can some-
observed in cats with leukopenia and regres- different FIV PoC tests in the USA using 94 times be difficult, even with extensive addi-
sive infections. Um vírus que causa vários tipos de doenças.
indicative of FIV-positive and 97 FIV-negative serum or tional testing. Western blotting traditionally
discordant results between antigen tests FIV infection. plasma samples, and comparing the results has been used as a gold standard diagnostic
and other techniques such as PCR and IFA can with virus isolation as the gold standard, sen- test for detection of FIV antibodies. While it
occur as these tests detect the cat’s stage of sitivity and specificity were 97.9% and 99.0% did not perform as well as some PoC tests in
A doença é diferente em cada paciente dependendo da
infection at a single point in time (Figure 3). for IdEXX SNAP FIV/FeLV Combo, 94.7% one North American study,64 in a European
Repeat testing over time might be needed to and 100% for Witness FeLV-FIV, 96.8% and study it was able to detect some cats that were
clarify the status of some cats. Cats with dis- 99.0% for Anigen Rapid FIV Ab/FeLV Ag, and antibody negative with PoC tests.51
cordant test results should be considered
potential sources of infection for other cats
sua resposta imunológica!
91.5% and 99.0% for VetScan Feline FeLV/FIV
Rapid test kits, respectively. No significant 58
detection of FIV proviral dNA or viral RNA
(or both) by PCR is commonly used as an addi-
until their status is clarified. differences in performance among the four tional test by commercial laboratories in North
tests were reported. America. However, some infected cats are not
detected by PCR, which is likely due to viral
Several referral laboratory tests are avail-
able for additional testing after a positive PoC Fernanda Amorim 2021 sequence variation or low virus loads.51,65–68
The primers used to amplify gene segments
test for FIV antibodies. However, establishing should be designed to bind to highly con-
the true Pode
FIV infection
mudar status of cats can some- served regions such as the gag gene of FIV,
times be difficult, even with extensive addi- since it has been shown that env recombinants
tional testing. Western blotting traditionally occur commonly in naturally infected cats.69
has been used as a gold standard diagnostic In addition, the accuracy of PCR results varies
test for detection of FIV antibodies. While it among different laboratories;70 therefore,
did not perform as well as some PoC tests in assays that have been independently validated
Sistema imune fraco FigureNorth
one 3 FelineAmerican
leukemia provirusstudy, 64
in test
and antigen Sistema
a European
results imune on
may vary depending forte
the cat’s should be used. In an independent study of
Littleatet
immune status theal.,
time2020
of testing. High levels of provirus and antigen are most commonly
study it was
associated able to detect
with progressive some
infection, cats
while low that
levels were and antigen are most
of provirus 239 FIV-unvaccinated cats in Australia, the
commonly associated
antibody negative withwith
regressive
PoC infection.
tests.51FeLV = feline leukemia virus. Courtesy of IDEXX. sensitivity and specificity of the FIV RealPCR
Copyright © 2019, IDEXX Laboratories. All rights reserved. Used with permission
detection of FIV proviral dNA or viral RNA
(or both) by PCR is commonly used as an addi-
tional test by commercial laboratories in North JFMS CLINICAL PRACTICE 11
America. However, some infected cats are not
detected by PCR, which is likely due to viral
sequence variation or low virus loads.51,65–68
The primers used to amplify gene segments
should be designed to bind to highly con-
served regions such as the gag gene of FIV,
since it has been shown that env recombinants
occur commonly in naturally infected cats.69
In addition, the accuracy of PCR results varies
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Duas situações clínicas!
Postivo sempre Positivo alguma vez
Progressivo Focal (atípico)
Um teste positivo quer

dizer que é infectado! Regressivo
Descobrir qual positivo ele é!
Como fazer na rotina clínica?

Resultado
Condição clínica O que fazer
Teste de Ag
Gato doente + Isolar e tratar: PROGRESSIVO

Resultado
Teste de Ag
Gato doente - PCR DNA: REGRESSIVO?


Resultado
Teste de Ag
Gato Isolar, retestar Ag 12 sem depois ou qPCR
+
assintomático PROGRESSIVO x REGRESSIVO?
Em até 12 semanas
o curso da infecção
É determinado

Resultado
Teste de Ag
Repetir em 6 sem se a exposição for
Gato assintomático - recente ou PCR RNA-DNA (1-2 sem)
REALMENTE NEGATIVO?
Estadiamento da infecção
Teste de Resultado
Fase da Infecção
antígeno ou RNA DNA
(Início da infecção)
Viremia Primária
+ +
alternante ou - ou
Focal
↓ carga viral ↓ carga viral
Regressiva - +
Progressiva/
Viremia + +
(↑ carga viral RNA) (↑ carga viral DNA)
Secundária

Não….
• teste a mãe para saber se os
filhotes estão infectados
• teste um filhote da ninhada
para saber se outros estão
infectados
• teste um gato de um grupo
para saber se há algum
infectado Nunca teste um gato para
Fernanda Amorim 2021 saber o status de outro!
Pra que reconhecer os

regressivos?
➡Podem se tornar
progressivos & infectantes
➡Podem desenvolver doenças
➡Podem transmitir FeLV se
doarem sangue

SCAN ME
50 linfomas - ⅔ com evidências de FeLV

Idade média dos gatos: 9-10 anos
21% linfoma cél T e 11% cél B + para antígeno de FeLV
80% linfoma cél T e 60% cél B + para provirus de FeLV
SCAN ME
Acompanhamento de 19 gatos FeLV + por 12 anos.

Gatos regressivos apresentaram RNA e DNA em quase todos
os 27 tecidos testados por muitos anos
e alguns reativaram a infecção e se tornaram progressivos.
Nenhum regressivo eliminou o RNA ou DNA por completo.
SCAN ME
10/15 gatos que receberam transfusões de gatos

negativos para antígeno & PCR positivos para DNA
desenvolveram infecções por FeLV ativas!

Tratamento
Manejo geral em casa

• Isolamento, castração e separação dos negativos
• Gatos positivos só devem conviver sozinhos ou com outros positivos
• Não introduzir mais gatos no ambiente, minimizar estresse
• Boa nutrição, tratamento de endo e ecto parasitas
• Enriquecer o ambiente e promover interação física com as pessoas
• Não oferecer alimento cru, não permitir a caça


SPECIAL ARTICLE
AAFP and ISFM Feline

Environmental Needs Guidelines
SCAN ME
Guidelines rationale: A cat’s level of comfort with its environment is intrinsically linked to
its physical health, emotional wellbeing and behavior. Having a basic understanding of the
cat’s species-specific environmental needs and how cats interact with their environment will
provide a foundation for addressing these fundamental requirements. Sarah L H Ellis
Environmental needs: Addressing environmental needs is essential (not optional) for BSc (Hons) Dip CABC PhD
Guidelines Co-Chair
optimum wellbeing of the cat. Environmental needs include those relating not only to the cat’s
physical surroundings (indoors or outdoors; in the home environment or at the veterinary practice) Ilona Rodan
but also those affecting social interaction, including responses to human contact. DVM DABVP (Feline)
Guidelines Co-Chair
Five ‘pillars’ framework: The authorship panel has organized the Guidelines around five primary concepts
(‘pillars’) that provide the framework for a healthy feline environment. Understanding these principles Hazel C Carney
and the unique environmental needs of the cat will help veterinarians, cat owners and care-givers to reduce DVM MS DABVP
stress, the incidence of stress-related disorders, and unwanted behavior in their feline patients and pets. Sarah Heath
The recommendations in the Guidelines apply to all pet cats, regardless of lifestyle. BVSc DipECAWBM (BM)
CCAB MRCVS
European Veterinary Specialist
in Behavioural Medicine
(Companion Animals)
Why environmental needs? Addressing environmental needs –
Irene Rochlitz
how does it help? BVSc MSc PhD MRCVS
Veterinarians have the privilege and responsi- ✜ Fewer unwanted behaviors and less illness
bility to improve the health and wellbeing of ✜ Improved recognition of disease Lorinda D Shearburn
DVM
cats. Along with other health care team mem- ✜ Expansion of services and increased value
bers, veterinarians must advise clients not only of feline care at the veterinary practice Eliza Sundahl
on medical issues and preventive health care, ✜ Easier handling of cats at home and DVM DABVP (Feline)
but also about the importance of meeting the in the practice Jodi L Westropp
environmental needs of the cat. Several dis- ✜ Strengthened bond between owner DVM PhD DACVIM
eases as well as unwanted feline behaviors and cat
have been associated with stressful environ- ✜ Reduced stress in multi-cat households
mental situations.1–3 Providing an appropriate ✜ Happier cats!
environment for feline patients in their home
and at the veterinary practice can prevent,
improve or resolve these problems.4,5
The terms environmental enrichment and standing cats and their needs since this is a
environmental modifications have been used relatively new area. Recognizing the importance
extensively in the literature to refer to envi- and benefit also may not be intuitive for some
The AAFP and ISFM welcome
ronmental changes for the benefit of the cat. clinicians.6 Cats often do not express overt signs endorsement of these guide-
These terms are not used in these Guidelines of stress and anxiety. Studies have suggested lines by the American Animal
because it is more accurate to focus on the that even stoic cats can have elevated levels of Hospital Association
cat’s environmental needs. catecholamines and other stress hormones.1,5 (AAHA).
Environmental needs include those relating Environmental needs are often not
not only to the cat’s physical surroundings addressed until the cat exhibits signs that
(indoors or outdoors) but also those affecting attract the care-giver’s attention. Often these
social interaction, including responses to human overt signals consist of negative behaviors
contact. Most veterinarians have not received that are labeled as bad, inappropriate or
education in veterinary school about under- aggressive. Only then do most owners and
Manejo AAFP and ISFM Feline

SPECIAL ARTICLE
Environmental Needs Guidelines
Local seguro Atenção à rotina do

Guidelines rationale: A cat’s level of comfort with its environment is intrinsically linked to
gato
its physical health, emotional wellbeing and behavior. Having a basic understanding of the
cat’s species-specific environmental needs and how cats interact with their environment will
provide a foundation for addressing these fundamental requirements. Sarah L H Ellis
Environmental needs: Addressing environmental needs is essential (not optional) for BSc (Hons) Dip CABC PhD
Guidelines Co-Chair
Recursos* optimum wellbeing of the cat. Environmental needs include those relating not only to the cat’s
physical surroundings (indoors or outdoors; in the home environment or at the veterinary practice) Ilona Rodan
but also those affecting social interaction, including responses to human contact. DVM DABVP (Feline)
Guidelines Co-Chair
Atenção ao número de
Five ‘pillars’ framework: The authorship panel has organized the Guidelines around five primary concepts
(‘pillars’) that provide the framework for a healthy feline environment. Understanding these principles Hazel C Carney
DVM MS DABVP
and the unique environmental needs of the cat will help veterinarians, cat owners and care-givers to reduce
gatos na casa
stress, the incidence of stress-related disorders, and unwanted behavior in their feline patients and pets. Sarah Heath
Brincar e caçar The recommendations in the Guidelines apply to all pet cats, regardless of lifestyle. BVSc DipECAWBM (BM)
CCAB MRCVS
European Veterinary Specialist
in Behavioural Medicine
(Companion Animals)
Why environmental needs? Addressing environmental needs –
Irene Rochlitz
how does it help? BVSc MSc PhD MRCVS
Veterinarians have the privilege and responsi- ✜ Fewer unwanted behaviors and less illness
Interaçãobility to improve the health and wellbeing of ✜ Improved recognition of disease Lorinda D Shearburn
humana
cats. Along with other health care team mem- Atenção aos conflitos
✜ Expansion of services and increased value
DVM
bers, veterinarians must advise clients not only of feline care at the veterinary practice Eliza Sundahl
on medical issues and preventive health care, ✜ Easier handling of cats at home and DVM DABVP (Feline)
but also about the importance of meeting the in the practice Jodi L Westropp
environmental needs of the cat. Several dis- ✜ Strengthened bond between owner DVM PhD DACVIM
eases as well as unwanted feline behaviors and cat
have been associated with stressful environ- ✜ Reduced stress in multi-cat households
Respeito ao olfato
mental situations.1–3 Providing an appropriate ✜ Happier cats!
Atenção a falta de
environment for feline patients in their home
and at the veterinary practice can prevent,
improve or resolve these problems.4,5 enriquecimento
The terms environmental enrichment and standing cats and their needs since this is a
environmental modifications have been used relatively new area. Recognizing the importance
extensively in the literature to refer to envi- and benefit also may not be intuitive for some
The AAFP and ISFM welcome
ronmental changes for the benefit of the cat. clinicians.6 Cats often do not express overt signs endorsement of these guide-
These terms are not used in these Guidelines of stress and anxiety. Studies have suggested
because it is more accurate to focus on the Atenção a falta de
that even stoic cats can have elevated levels of
lines by the American Animal
Hospital Association
*Alimento, água, vasilhas sanitárias, arranhadores, cat’s environmental needs. catecholamines and other stress hormones.1,5 (AAHA).
áreas para brincar, descansar e dormir + esconderijo Environmental needs include those relating
not only to the cat’s physical surroundings
Environmental needs are often not interação
addressed until the cat exhibits signs that
(indoors or outdoors) but also those affecting attract the care-giver’s attention. Often these
social interaction, including responses to human overt signals consist of negative behaviors
contact. Most veterinarians have not received that are labeled as bad, inappropriate or
education in veterinary school about under- aggressive. Only then do most owners and
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X13477537
© ISFM and AAFP 2013 JFMS CLINICAL PRACTICE
Downloaded from jfm.sagepub.com at UNIV FED DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL on February 5, 2016
219
E o acompanhamento veterinário?
Cavidade oral Pelagem Olhos Linfonodos

Doenças periodontais, Parasitas, Fungos Uveíte, corioretinite, Aumento
estomatites linfoma
Peso Hemograma Bioquímicos Urinálise e

EPF
Escores corporal e Anemias e inflamações/ Albumina, globulinas,
hepatograma e nefrograma Urocultura, Parasitas
muscular infecções
Vacinação contra Ag essenciais e FeLV (FIV positivos em risco)

Manejo hospitalar
• Vírus frágil fora do hospedeiro
• Algumas horas em umidade
• Desativado com sabão/detergente
• Lavar as mãos, vasilhas e gaiolas
• Não ter contato com outros gatos
• Não colocar no isolamento
• Cuidado com instrumental, traqueotubos
• Fazer PCR pra FeLV nos doadores de sangue

Tratamento de
suporte
• Isolamento, suporte nutricional, tratamento
de infecções, profilaxia dentária, revisões
• Evitar griseofulvina e ciclosporina
• Neoplasias: quimioterapia
• Imunomoduladores: não há evidências

científicas (apenas interferon - SC HD)
Fernanda Amorim 2020 Fernanda Amorim 2020
Interferon - ω
• Eficácia FIV in vitro & in vivo ↑ dose
• Eficácia FeLV in vitro & in vivo ↑ dose
Efeito no sistema imune inato

Alta dose (1 x 105 USC SID 5 dias 3 ttos - dias 0, 14 e 60) - bula
Baixa dose (103 U/gato PO SID 90 dias)
FIV & FeLV

➡ Sem efeito na carga viral e proviral e interleucinas
➡ Melhora status clínico e infecções secundárias
➡ Sem efeitos colaterais
Aplasia pura de células vermelhas

★ Anemia arregenera va aplásica - ⅔ dos anêmicos:
★ Transfusão sanguínea (HT<15%)
★ Eritropoie na: 100 UI/kg SC q. 48 hs até 30%
★ pode levar 3-4 sem. para responder
★ suplementar ferro (se não zer transfusão)
➡ ferro dextrano 20%: 50 mg/cat q30d IM
★ Prednisolona: 2 mg/kg PO SID a BID
★ indícios de eritrofagocitose MO, teste de Coomb’s posi vo

ti
ti
fi
𝛚
Anemia ligada ao FeLV

! Anemia arregenerativa aplásica – FeLV tipo C
✴ transfusões, eritropoietina
! Anemia arregenerativa por doença crônica

✴ tratamento da doença inflamatória ou tumor
! Anemia arregenerativa por infiltração MO

✴ tratamento da leucemia
Anemia ligada ao FeLV

! Anemia regenerativa infecciosa (Mycoplasma)
✴ doxicilina
! Anemia regenerativa imunomediada

✴ corticosteroides
! Anemia regenerativa por trombocitopenia

✴ transfusões, tto da causa da trombocitopenia
Neutropenia
✤ Leucopenia (neutropenia):
✦ Filgras m: 5 µg/kg SC SID 3 dias - respostas transitórias
✦ produção de Ac em 10 a 50 dias
✦ An bió cos de amplo especrto
✦ Isolamento de outros animais
✦ Prednisolona nas neutropenias cíclicas recorrentes

ti
ti
ti
5 ciclos = 20
semanas
Lomustina 6 mg<3 kg; 9 mg/3-4,5 kg; 12 mg/

SCAN ME SEMANA 1
4,5-7 kg; 15 mg>7 kg
SEMANA 2 Vincristina 0,6 mg/m2 IP
Doxorrubicina 1 mg/kg IV ou mitoxantrona

SEMANA 3
(nefropatas)
SEMANA 4 Vincristina 0,6 mg/m2 IP
Prednisolona 10 mg/gato/dia
TOXICIDADE HEMATOLÓGICA
NEUTRÓFILOS (6-48 HS)
PLAQUETAS (7-10 DIAS)
HEMÁCIAS (70 DIAS)
TOXICIDADE HEMATOLÓGICA
Contagem de neutró los Quimioterapia Reduzir dose da quimio Filgrastim Antibiótico
1500-3000 neu/µL SIM NÃO TALVEZ NÃO
1000-1499 MELHOR
TALVEZ TALVEZ SIM
neu/µL NÃO
500-999
NÃO SIM SIM SIM
neu/µL
< 500
NÃO SIM SIM SIM
neu/µL

fi
Antirretrovirais
• Alguns gatos respondem muito bem
• Efeitos colaterais: anemia & leucopenia
• Resistência adquirida (AZT)
• Veterinários não podem prescrever
• Custo elevado
Portaria n 26/05/13 12:58

PORTARIA N.º 344, DE 12 DE MAIO DE 1998

SCAN ME
D.O.U de 31/12/1998
Aprova o Regulamento Técnico sobre substâncias e medicamentos sujeitos a controle especial.

• Art. 54 A prescrição de medicamentos a base de substâncias anti-
retrovirais (lista "C4"), só poderá ser feita por médico e será aviada ou
dispensada nas farmácias do Sistema Único de Saúde , em formulário
O Secretário de estabelecido
próprio Vigilância Sanitária do Ministério
pelo programa da Saúde, onde
de DST/AIDS, no uso de suasficará
a receita atribuições e
considerando a Convenção Única sobre Entorpecentes de 1961 (Decreto n.º 54.216/64), a
retida. Ao paciente, deverá ser entregue um receituário médico com
Convenção sobre Substâncias Psicotrópicas, de 1971 (Decreto n.º 79.388/77), a Convenção
Contra oinformações
Tráfico Ilícitosobre seu tratamento.
de Entorpecentes No caso do
e Substâncias medicamento
Psicotrópicas, de adquirido
1988 (Decreto n.º
154/91),em farmácias ou
o Decreto-Lei n.ºdrogarias
891/38, oserá considerado
Decreto-Lei o previsto
n.º 157/67, a Leinon.º
artigo anterior.
5.991/73, a Lei n.º
6.360/76, a Lei n.º 6.368/76, a Lei n.º 6.437/77, o Decreto n.º 74.170/74, o Decreto n.º
79.094/77, o Decreto n.º 78.992/76 e as Resoluções GMC n.º 24/98 e n.º 27/98, resolve:
• Parágrafo único. Fica vedada a prescrição de medicamentos a base de
CAPÍTULO I
substâncias constantes da lista "C4" (anti-retrovirais), deste Regulamento
DAS DEFINIÇÕES
Técnico e de suas atualizações, por médico veterinário ou cirurgiões
dentistas.
Art. 1º Para os efeitos deste Regulamento Técnico e para a sua adequada aplicação, são
adotadas as seguintes definições:
Autorização Especial - Licença concedida pela Secretaria de Vigilância Sanitária do Ministério

da Saúde (SVS/MS), a empresas, instituições e órgãos, para o exercício de atividades de
extração, produção, transformação, fabricação, fracionamento, manipulação, embalagem,
distribuição, transporte, reembalagem, importação e exportação das substâncias constantes
das listas anexas a este Regulamento Técnico, bem como os medicamentos que as
contenham.
Autorização de Exportação - Documento expedido pela Secretaria de Vigilância Sanitária do

Ministério
© Copyright da Saúde (SVS/MS),
- FERNANDA AMORIM |que consubstancia
2022 | TODOS OS aDIREITOS
exportação
Envelope de substâncias
RESERVADOS constantes das
| REPRODUÇÃO PROIBIDA
listas "A1" e "A2" (entorpecentes), "A3", "B1" e "B2" (psicotrópicas), "C3" (imunossupressores) e
"D1" (precursores) deste Regulamento Técnico RNA
ou de suas atualizações, bem como os
Capsídeo
medicamentos que asSCAN ME

contenham. Transcriptase reversa
Adsorção viral
Antagonistas/
Autorização de Importação - Documento expedido homólogospela Secretaria Fusão
de vírus-célula
Vigilância Sanitária do
Ministério da Saúde (SVS/MS), que consubstancia a importação de substâncias constantes das
de receptores
listas "A1" e "A2" (entorpecentes), "A3", "B1" e "B2" (psicotrópicas), "C3" (imunossupressores)
Inibidoreseda TR análogos
Receptores & co-receptores
"D1" (precursores) deste Regulamento Técnico ou de suas atualizações, bem comode os

de proteínas
nucleosídeos
Ciclo de replicação
medicamentos que as contenham.
Desrevestimento
Inibidores de Transcriptase reversa Inibidores da TR análogos

síntese de de nucleotídeos
Certificado de Autorização Especial - Documento
expedido pela Secretaria de Vigilância
de um retrovírus
Sanitária do Ministério da Saúde (SVS/MS), que consubstancia
Especial.
nucleotídeos
a concessão da Autorização
Integração Inibidores da TR não-
análogos de nucleosídeos
Transcrição
Inibidores de integrase
& mecanismo de
Certificado de Não Objeção – Documento expedido pelo órgão competente do Ministério da
Saúde do Brasil, certificando que as substâncias ou medicamentos objeto da importação ou
exportação não está sob controle especial neste país.
ação
CID de diferentes
- Classificação Internacional de Doenças. Polipeptídeo
Tradução
Processamento proteolítico
http://www4.anvisa.gov.br/base/visadoc/PORT/PORT[939-2-0].HTM pela protease viral Página 1 de 50
agentes antivirais Interferons

Montagem do RNA
e proteínas virais
dentro da
membrana celular
Brotamento
Katrin Hartmann,
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2015) 17, 925–939 Fernanda Amorim 2020

Análogo de nucleosídeo
Zidovudina - AZT
• Eficácia FeLV apenas in vitro
• Eficácia FIV in vitro & in vivo
Efeitos colaterais: anemia arregenerativa (↓ HT 60%), vômito & anorexia

➡ Hemogramas semanais (4 semanas) e depois mensais
➡ Suspender se HT < 20%
➡ Não usar se mielodepressão (neutropenia)
FIV FeLV
➡ ↓ carga viral, melhora status clínico e imunológico ➡ Protege contra infecção MO e viremia secundária (<1 sem)
➡ ↑ qualidade & tempo de vida ➡ Tratamento por 6 semanas:
➡ Bons resultados: gengivoestomatite e doenças neurológicas ‣ Sem bons resultados nos parâmetros clínicos, laboratoriais
➡ Mutantes resistentes em 6 meses de uso ‣ Sem efeito parâmetros imunológicos e virológicos
Inibidor de integrase
Raltegravir - FeLV
● 80 mg/gato BID
○ sem efeitos colaterais
○ redução da carga viral
○ rebote após cessar tto
○ 2.000 reais 60 comp.
○ tto nos assintomáticos!
Boesch et al., 2015
Homólogo de receptor - FIV

Plerixafor - CXCR4
• Eficácia FIV in vitro & in vivo
• 0,5 mg/kg SC BID
20.000 reais um frasco ampola de 1,2 mL

Usado em pessoas para mobilizar células tronco hematopoiéticas
antes do transplante de medula óssea - linfoma e mieloma múltiplo
FIV
➡ 10 gatos durante 6 semanas
Hartmann K, Stengel C, Klein d, et al. Efficacy and

➡ ↓ carga viral, sem melhora status clínico e imunológico
adverse effects of the antiviral compound plerixafor
in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected ➡ Sem desenvolvimento de resistência Fernanda Amorim 2020
cats. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26: 483–490.

Testar: ARMAS CONTRA A FeLV
• Todos os gatos novos
• Todos os gatos expostos
• Todos os gatos doentes
• Antes da vacinação
Vacinar:
• Todos os filhotes
• Todos os adultos em risco
Segregar:
E castrar animais de rua!
• Infectados de não infectados E não abandonar animais na rua!
Ainda bem que

temos a
vacina!!!
7. Pro laxia
★ Vacinação contra FIV
★ Ina vada
★ Considerada opcional (consensos americanos & europeus)
★ Proteção cruzada sub pos A & D
★ Resulta em falso + no Snap Idexx
★ Alere® diferencia + de Ac vacinais
★ Lembrar nos casos de gatos estrangeiros
Nova Zelândia,Austrália & Japão


ti
fi
ti
7. Pro laxia
★Vacina contra FeLV Ac maternos 4-8 sem
★ Obrigatória para todos os lhotes até 1 ano
★ Considerada opcional adultos (consensos americanos & europeus)
★ Avaliar risco individual & prevalência
★ Duração de imunidade de 1 (Zoe s) ou 2 anos (MSD)
★ Ina vadas, recombinantes, subunidade
S PPROIBIDA
© Copyright - FERNANDA AMORIM | 2022 | TODOS OS DIREITOS RESERVADOS | REPRODUÇÃO E C I A L ARTICLE
Vacinação contra FeLV ABCD

Update of the 2009 guidelines
on prevention and management
• Avaliar prevalência & risco: of feline infectious diseases
Marian C Horzinek, Diane Addie, Sándor Belák, Corine Boucraut-Baralon,
• TODOS os filhotes Herman Egberink, Tadeusz Frymus, Tim Gruffydd-Jones, Katrin Hartmann,
Margaret J Hosie, Albert Lloret, Hans Lutz, Fulvio Marsilio, Karin Möstl,
Maria Grazia Pennisi, Alan D Radford, Etienne Thiry and Uwe Truyen
• extradomiciliados
Overview: In this article, the ABCD guidelines Feline panleukopenia
http://www.bsava.com/
• que convivem com extradomiciliados & infectados published in the JFMS Special Issue of July 2009
(Volume 11, Issue 7, pages 527–620) are updated This oldest feline viral disease known to the veterinary profession is
by including previously unavailable and novel caused by a typical parvovirus (feline panleukopenia virus, FPV) that
infects a wide variety of carnivores including all felids, mustelids, pro-
• hospedagem & viagem frequentes information. For a better picture, the reader is
advised to consult that issue before focusing
on the novel features.
cyonids and most canids. The dog and the coyote are the only carni-
vores that will not be infected, or will not develop disease, as the
receptor on their cells will not bind the virus.1
• gatos que vivem em grupos (≥ 3 gatos) GUIDELINES FOR THE VACCINATION OF DOGS AND CATS
All parvoviruses are very stable and may
stay infectious in the environment for
months. They are highly contagious, Feline panleukopenia:
which means that only a few virus ABCD guidelines on
prevention and management
Fernanda Amorim 2021 COMPILED BY THE VACCINATION GUIDELINES GROUP (VGG) particles are required to induce an The feline panleukopenia guidelines that
OF THE WORLD SMALL ANIMAL VETERINARY ASSOCIATION (WSAVA) infection. As an affected
Journal of Feline animal
Medicine sheds
and Surgery (2013) 15, article
this present 530–539is updating were
enormous amounts of virus, soon the published in J Feline Med Surg 2009; 11:
S P E C I A L ARTICLE shelter or household is heavily con- 538–546. This update has been compiled by
taminated, which causes a threat to Uwe Truyen.
non-vaccinated – or, rather, non-
Members of the VGG immune – animals, like cats and other
carnivores.
ABCD
M.J. Day (Chairman)
School of Veterinary Science

Virus replication is restricted to mitotically
active tissues, such as the bone marrow, lymphat-
© Copyright - FERNANDA AMORIM | 2022 | TODOS OS DIREITOS RESERVADOS | REPRODUÇÃO UniversityEuropean
of Bristol,
Update of the 2009 guidelines
PROIBIDA Advisory
United Kingdom Board on Cat Diseases
The European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD)
ic cells, the gut epithelium and the developing fetus. The hallmark of
infection is a viraemia, which carries the virus from the initially infect-
Vacinação M.C.
prevention and on prevention and management
is a body of experts in immunology, vaccinology
and clinical feline medicine that issues guidelines on
Horzinek
management of feline infectious diseases
in Europe, for the benefit of the health and welfare of cats.
ed cells of the tonsils and other regional cells to the target tissues.
Neutralising antibodies can greatly influence the viraemia and are
even able to prevent virus spread through the organism. Animals that
(Formerly) Department
The guidelines
of feline infectious diseases
of Microbiology,
are based on Virology
of the diseases and available vaccines concerned.
University of Utrecht, the Netherlands
current Division
scientific knowledge have survived the disease are protected from reinfection, most likely
for their entire life.
• Protocolo: The latest full version of the disease guidelines

updated in this article isMarian
R.D. Schultz www.abcd-vets.org
available at C Horzinek, Diane
Herman Egberink, Tadeusz
Vaccination is highly efficacious, and cats that have actively respond-
ed Addie,
years,
to vaccination
Sándor and
and probably
Frymus,
Belák, show
Tim Gruffydd-Jones,
Corine antibody titres are protected for several
Boucraut-Baralon,
also life-long. However, the success of vaccination
Katrin Hartmann,
Margaret J Hosie, AlbertisLloret, greatlyHans influenced
Lutz, by neutralising
Fulvio Marsilio,antibodies.
Karin Möstl, In the case of passive-
• Filhotes: ly acquired antibodies this has severe consequences. Maternal antibod-

ttp://www.bsava.com/
Department of Pathobiological Sciences

Maria Grazia Pennisi, Alan D Radford, Etienne Thiry and Uwe Truyen
University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America ies interfere with vaccination, and the time-point of the first
vaccination is therefore important. To minimise the risk of this interfer-
Overview: In this article, the ABCD guidelines Feline panleukopenia
ence, kittens are vaccinated twice or even three times during their first
• 8-9 sem + 12 sem published in the JFMS Special Issue of July 2009
(Volume 11, Issue 7, pages 527–620) are updated
by including previously unavailable and novel
weeks of life.
This oldest feline viral disease known to the veterinary profession is
caused by a typical parvovirus (feline panleukopenia virus, FPV) that
information. For a better picture, the reader is infects a wide variety of carnivoresEuropean including all felids,
Advisory Board mustelids, pro-
• 1 ano de idade
338
cyonids and most canids. The dog and theDiseases
coyote are the only carni-
Journal of Small Animal Practice • Vol 51 • June 2010 • © 2010 WSAVA
advised to consult that issue before focusing on Cat
GUIDELINES FOR THE VACCINATION OF DOGS AND CATS www.abcd-vets.org
on the novel features. vores that will not be infected, or will not develop disease, as the
receptor on their cells will not bind the virus.1
530 AllDownloaded
parvoviruses are very stable and may
© Published
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X13489208
by SAGE on behalf of ISFM and AAFP 2013
• Adultos em risco:
COMPILED BY THE VACCINATION GUIDELINES GROUP JFMS(VGG) CLINICAL PRACTICE
stay infectious in the environment for
from jfm.sagepub.com at AAFP on December 22, 2013
OF THE WORLD SMALL ANIMAL VETERINARY ASSOCIATION (WSAVA) months. They are highly contagious, Feline panleukopenia:
which means that only a few virus ABCD guidelines on
prevention and management
particles are required to induce an The feline panleukopenia guidelines that
• a cada 1 ou 2 anos (MSD) - LATAM WSAVA Members of the VGG
infection. As an affected animal sheds this present article is updating were
enormous amounts of virus, soon the published in J Feline Med Surg 2009; 11:
shelter or household is heavily con- 538–546. This update has been compiled by
taminated, which causes a threat to Uwe Truyen.
• gatos FIV + em risco de infecção por FeLV
M.J. Day (Chairman)
School of Veterinary Science

non-vaccinated – or, rather, non-
immune – animals, like cats and other
University of Bristol, United Kingdom carnivores.
Virus replication is restricted to mitotically
active tissues, such as the bone marrow, lymphat-
M.C. Horzinek
European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases ic cells, the gut epithelium and the developing fetus. The hallmark of
The European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD)
(Formerly) Department of Microbiology, Virology Division
infection is a viraemia, which carries the virus from the initially infect-
is a body of experts in immunology, vaccinology ed cells of the tonsils and other regional cells to the target tissues.
and clinical felinethemedicine that issues guidelines on
University of Utrecht, Netherlands
prevention and management of feline infectious diseases
Neutralising antibodies can greatly influence the viraemia and are
in Europe, for the benefit of the health and welfare of cats. even able to prevent virus spread through the organism. Animals that
The guidelines are based on current scientific knowledge have survived the disease are protected from reinfection, most likely
of the diseases and available vaccines concerned.
R.D. Schultz for their entire life.
Department Vaccination is highly efficacious, and cats that have actively respond-
Theoflatest
Pathobiological
full versionSciences
of the disease guidelines
updated in this article is available at ed to vaccination and show antibody titres are protected for several
University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America
www.abcd-vets.org years, and probably also life-long. However, the success of vaccination
is greatly influenced by neutralising antibodies. In the case of passive-
ly acquired antibodies this has severe consequences. Maternal antibod-
ies interfere with vaccination, and the time-point of the first
vaccination is therefore important. To minimise the risk of this interfer-
ence, kittens are vaccinated twice or even three times during their first
338 Journal of Small Animal Practice • Vol 51 • June 2010 • © 2010 WSAVA
weeks of life.
ti
fi
fi
ti
Fazer diagnóstico e isolar os positivos!

FeLV+
FIV+
FeLV -
Vacina!
FIV-
Fatos importantes sobre a vacinação
• Gatos vacinados não tem a doença e não transmitem o FeLV
• Ela NÃO substitui o isolamento de gatos FeLV positivos
• Existem diferenças de DOI e eficácia entre as vacinas
• A vacina NÃO prejudica ou beneficia gatos FeLV positivos
• A vacina NÃO é mais associada ao sarcoma induzido

Prognóstico?

8. Prognós co
★Favorável: assintomá cos por anos
★ Muitos tem vida normal
★ FIV: sem diferenças de sobrevida x não infectados
★ FIV: ambientes populosos diminuem sobrevida
★ FeLV: sobrevida média após sintomas - 3 anos
★ FeLV: maioria desenvolve linfoma

Veterinary Microbiology 176 (2015) 50–60
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Veterinary Microbiology
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/vetmic
Contrasting clinical outcomes in two cohorts of cats naturally

infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) SCAN ME
Paweł M. Be˛czkowski a,b,*, Annette Litster c, Tsang Long Lin d, Dominic J. Mellor e,
Brian J. Willett a, Margaret J. Hosie a
a
d
MRC Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University,
FIV
West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
e
School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Estudo de 22 meses com 2 grupos de gatos:

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T
1. Indoor, máx. 2 gatos - 6% morreram no estudo

Article history: Despite over 25 years of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) research, relatively little is
Received 26 June 2014 known about the longitudinal course of FIV infection following natural infection. In
Received in revised form 9 December 2014 contrast to published reports of experimental infections using lethal strains of the virus,
2. Abrigos com 60 gatos - 63% morreram no estudo, linfoma + frequente
Accepted 22 December 2014 clinical signs of naturally acquired FIV infection can be mild or inapparent, rather than life-
threatening. In this prospective, longitudinal controlled study, based in Chicago, IL (n = 17)
Keywords: and Memphis, TN (n = 27), we investigated two cohorts of privately owned, naturally
FIV
Manejo e moradia impactam na progressão a doença & sobrevivência
Natural infection
Clinical outcome
infected cats kept under different housing conditions. Cats in the Chicago cohort (Group 1)
were kept in households of !2 cats, while the Memphis cohort (Group 2) comprised part of
a large multi-cat household of over 60 cats kept indoors only, with unrestricted access to
FIV load
CD4:CD8
one another.
Estresse? Patógenos oportunistas?
Lymphoma The majority of cats from Group 1 did not display clinical signs consistent with
immunodeficiency during the 22-month observation period. In contrast, the outcome of
infection in Group 2 was dramatically different; 17/27 (63%) of cats lost a median of 51.3%
of their bodyweight (P < 0.0005) and died during the study period, with lymphoma being
the most common cause of mortality.
Although the decrease in CD4+ T cell count between enrolment and terminal disease
was significant (P = 0.0017), the CD4:CD8 ratio at the time of enrolment did not reliably
distinguish FIV-positive cats classified as ‘healthy’ and ‘not healthy’ at either cohort. FIV
load at enrolment was significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 2 (P < 0.0001), but
there were no significant differences at enrolment between healthy and not healthy cats at
either group.
In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that management and housing
conditions impact on disease progression and survival times of FIV-positive cats.
! 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC
BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
1. Introduction
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is an important

* Corresponding author at: MRC Centre for Virus Research, University
pathogen of domestic cats that is distributed worldwide.
of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. Tel.: +44 141 330 6068. Prevalence estimates vary from 1% to 44%, depending on
E-mail address: pawel.beczkowski@glasgow.ac.uk (P.M. Be˛czkowski). the geographical location as well as the entry criteria of
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.12.023
0378-1135/! 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/).
SCAN ME
FeLV
Variável para FeLV: imunidade, estágio da infecção
Doenças se desenvolvem em 5 anos após diagnóstico (progressivos)
Sobrevivência em média 3,1 anos (0,6 - 6,5 anos),
70% tiveram linfoma

ti
ti
SCAN ME
53 FIV +, 40 FeLV +, 10 FIV & FeLV +

Controles 3.960 dias, FIV positivos: 2.040 dias
FeLV positivos: 714 dias, 3,4 (-) e 2,3 (FIV +) > risco de óbito
FIV & FeLV positivos: 77 dias, 7,4 (-) e 4,8 (FIV +) > risco de óbito
↓HT associado a menor sobrevida
Mensagens para casa:

• A prevalência de FeLV e FIV estão aumentando no Brasil
• Todos os gatos devem ser testados
• Todos os doadores de sangue devem ser testados com PCR (FeLV)
• Todos os FeLV & FIV positivos devem ser isolados
• Todos os filhotes e adultos em risco devem ser vacinados (FeLV)

Obrigada! fernanda.amorim@ ufrgs.br

FIV FeLV

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FIV & FeLV

Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa, D.V.M., MSc., Ph.D

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★ Vírus da Leucemia Felina (FeLV)

★ Bastante disseminados no Brasil

★ Pouco conhecimento das doenças

★ Pouca importância dada à prevenção

Fernanda Amorim 2021

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★ Mielodepressão mais comum na FeLV

★ Doenças crônicas debilitantes na FIV

★ Testes detectam infecção e não doença

★ Muitos vivem anos e morrem de outra doença

Fernanda Amorim 2021

FIV & FeLV - 18 de março de 2022

Fernanda Amorim 2021

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Boas notícias sobre os

• Rapidamente inativados por

• Não são transmitidos por contato indireto

FIV & FeLV - 18 de março de 2022

Fernanda Amorim 2021

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Profa. Dra. Fernanda V. Amorim da Costa

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• Gatos podem ter mais de um sub po

• Fase aguda, assintomá ca e sintomá ca

FIV & FeLV - 18 de março de 2022

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Fernanda Amorim 2021

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Perfil do gato com FIV:

Fernanda Amorim 2021

FIV & FeLV - 18 de março de 2022

Título viremia plasmática

Fernanda Amorim 2021

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Vírus excretado na saliva

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Febre, anorexia letargia

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FIV & FeLV - 18 de março de 2022

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Fernanda Amorim 2021

FIV & FeLV - 18 de março de 2022

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Fernanda Amorim 2021

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FIV & FeLV - 18 de março de 2022

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Fernanda Amorim 2021