500 TESTES

COMENTADOS
INGLÊS
EDITORA CENTRAL DE CONCURSOS LTDA.

SEDE: Rua Barão de Itapetininga, 163/ 6º andar

CEP.: 01042-909 – Fax: (0XX11) 3257-0027 – São Paulo

O MAIOR ÍNDICE DE APROVAÇÃO DO BRASIL!

500 TESTES COMENTADOS - INGLÊS
Conselho Editorial
Iaroslau Sessak Jr.
Adolfo Martins de Oliveira
Marizete Ribeiro Castanheira Martins

Redação
Ricardo Erich Witte

Supervisão Metodológica e Didática

Norma Paixão

Copydesk e Diagramação
Jennifer Rangel de França Souza

Digitação
Jennifer Rangel de França Souza

Revisão Final
Norma Paixão

Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP)

(Câmara Brasileira do Livro, SP, Brasil)

500 Testes Comentados - Inglês / redação: Ricardo Erich Witte;

supervisão metodológica e didática: Norma Paixão – São Paulo:
Editora Central de Concursos, 2004.

1. 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês – Concursos – Brasil

I. Witte, Ricardo Erich
II. Paixão, Norma

Índices para catálogo sistemático:

1. Brasil: Concursos Públicos: 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
2. Brasil: 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês: Concursos Públicos

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Livraria da Editora Central de Concursos Ltda.

R. Barão de Itapetininga, 163/6º andar
CEP. 01042-909 São Paulo – SP
Fone: (0xx11) 3017-8800 Fax: (0xx11) 3257-0027

Direitos Autorais Reservados

2004
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Índice

Testes ........................................................................ 04
Comentários .............................................................. 46
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Testes
Central de Concursos 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 5

INGLÊS
WARM-UP (AQUECIMENTO) 5. My boss hates _________ at the office. He wishes
I could stop _________ once and for all.
Antes de apresentar textos de provas oficiais, vamos a) me smoke / to smoke
nos aquecer e checar como está nosso conhecimento b) my smoking / smoking
de gramática. Poucos concursos pedem questões de c) me to smoke / smoke
gramática, porém o conhecimento de pontos d) me smoking / to smoke
gramaticais é essencial para o bom entendimento de e) my smoke / smoking
textos. A série de exercícios que você irá resolver foi
baseada nos pontos gramaticais mais sollicitados em 6. ____________ the television at this time means
provas oficiais. you’ll find ____________ to watch but game shows
and soap operas.
Nas questões a seguir, selecione a alternativa que a) Turning off / anything
preencha, correta e adequadamente, os espaços em b) To turning on / something
branco. c) Turning off / nothing
d) Turn on / anything
1. On October 11, 2001,__________Ronald Reagan e) Turning on / nothing
became ____________ ex-president in U.S. history.
a) 90-year-old / the older 7. _______ house is downtown.
b) 90-years-old / the oldest a) Peter, Mary’s and George’s
c) 90-years-old / the older b) Peter’s, Mary’s and George’s
d) 90-year-old / the oldest c) Peter, Mary and George’s
e) 90-year’s old / the older d) Peter’s, Mary and George

2. In the 60s, America’s radical fear of Communism 8. That car was _________ I’ve ever seen.
got the nation involved in a war in Vietnan, a) the larger
___________ in 1954 _________________ into South b) the largest
Vietnan and the Communist Republic of North c) the most big
Vietnan. d) the smaller
a) that /has divided
b) who / was divided 9. In my opinion, English is one of the ____________
c) which / had been divided language in the world.
d) what / divided a) easiest
e) whom / was being divided b) easier
c) the easiest
3. Margaret Thatcher gave birth to a society of d) harder
celular phone Yuppies, a new class drawn
_____________ a cross section of _______________ 10. ________ he works ________ he gets.
classes, backgrounds and education. a) the most; the most rich
a) from / other b) the more; the rich
b) of / others c) the most; the richest
c) on / another d) the more; the richer
d) in / other
e) to / others 11. If the government wanted to control inflation,
they ________ cut costs.
4. If you ___________ your money in the stock a) must
market last year, you _________________ a lot of b) can
money. c) may
a) have invested / will have made d) should
b) invest / will make
c) invest / will make 12. The director is tired ___________ your mistakes.
d) had invested / would have made a) of correct
e) invested / would make b) of correcting
c) in correcting
6 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês Central de Concursos

d) to correct d) them - for

13. The passive voice of “Our company exported 21. People should spend their money _________ .
goods to Europe” is: a) carefully
a) Goods were exported to our company by Europe b) careful
b) Goods was exported to Europe by our company c) lonely
c) Goods were exporting to our company by Europe d) careless
d) Goods were exported to Europe by our company
22. So far we have studied a series of prefixes and
14. Give the meaning of the following words: suffixes. Choose the alternative which shows only
“available”, “actual”, “to balance”, “eventually”: suffixes:
a) avaliado, atual, balançar, eventualmente a) DIS, FUL, LESS
b) disponível, real, balançar, eventualmente b) UN, DIS, LESS
c) disponível, atual, equilibrar, eventualmente c) ABLE, LY, FUL
d) viável, real, equilibrar, finalmente d) none of the above

15. What “modal verb” expresses probability? 23. Could you go to the drugstore to buy some
a) must __________ , please?
b) may a) aspirin
c) could b) paper
d) can c) milk

16. What “modal verb” expresses “prohibition” ? 24. _________ is the wastebasket? It’s behind the
a) must desk.
b) can’t a) When
c) mustn’t b) What
d) shouldn’t c) Where

17. Which of the alternatives below expresses como 25. Mr. Silva __________ go to the USA because he
in Portuguese, and has the meaning of na função has a 10-year visa.
de ? a) can
a) like b) should
b) as c) has
c) likely
d) how 26. We’re very busy now. We ________ answer the
phone now.
18. Which are the two words that are used with a) can
“ Present Perfect ” and “ Present Perfect b) can’t
Continuous” which express “an action that started c) should
in the past and still continues up to the present”?
a) since, lately 27. She would like to eat a delicious sandwich. She
b) since, for _________ to buy ham and cheese.
c) since, during a) have
d) lately, recently b) should
c) has
19. The superlative of “bad” is:
a) better than 28. My parents want to travel abroad, so they
b) the best ____________ .
c) the worst a) have to take their passports to the consulate or
d) the baddest embassy.
b) have to talk to the pilot.
20. He spent all night talking to Paul and Mary. He c) have to use the computer to buy the tickets.
was talking to _______ ______ politics and religion.
a) they - on 29. My secretary ____________ reports all day long.
b) them - about a) digit
c) their - about b) types
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c) read 40. There ____ dark clouds in the sky. It _____ rain.
a) is - may
30. ____ letters , reports and memos is a secretary’s b) are - might
task. c) are – can
a) To type
b) To typing 41. The machine should be ________ every week.
c) Typing a) lubricated
b) lubricate
31. We say “goodbye” when we _________ . c) lubricating
a) leave
b) arrive 42. Mike is hungry and thirsty. He ____ to _____
c) go to bed and _______ something.
a) would like - drink - eat
32. ________ day I get up at 7 o’clock. b) wanted - eat - drink
a) All c) want - eat – drink
b) Every
c) Some 43. ________ being rich, he doesn’t buy expensive
things.
33. I take a bus to go _______ the office. a) Despite
a) for b) Due to
b) in c) So that
c) to
TEXTOS
34. Before ________ a book, I read its first chapter.
a) read CUSTOM EXEMPTIONS (TTN 1997)
b) to read
c) reading U.S. residents returning after a stay abroad of at least
48 hours are usually granted customs exemptions of
35. I use a tape recorder to _________ the class. $400 each. The duty-free articles must accompany the
a) Recording traveler at the time of his return be for personal or
b) to record household use, have been acquired as an incident of
c) record his trip, and be properly declared to Customs. No more
than one liter of alcoholic beverages may be included
36. There _______ some electrical problems. We in the $400 exemption.
should fix the machine and check the cables. The exemption for alcoholic beverages is accorded only
a) Are when the returning resident has attained 21 years of
b) Was age at the time of his arrival. One hundred cigars and
c) is 200 cigarettes may be included in either exemption.
Cuban cigars may be included if obtained in Cuba and
37. My father ________ the newspaper last Sunday. all articles acquired there do not exceed $100 in retail
a) buyed value.
b) purchase Most items – including alcoholic beverages, cigars,
c) bought cigarettes and perfume- made in designated Caribbean
and Central American countries may enter the U.S. duty-
38. You teach me English, but I ______ have classes free under the Caribbean Economic Recovery Act.
with another teacher.
a) never 44. According to the text, U.S. residents are normally
b) to given customs exemptions of $400 each when...
c) also a) they do not cross the country’s borders.
b) returning from a trip abroad of at least two days.
39. When I arrive late at work, it is always ____ c) they visit other American states for at least 48 hours.
heavy traffic. d) living abroad for long periods of time.
a) due to e) returning from a lengthy business trip.
b) because
c) in spite of 45. Concerning alcoholic beverages, the text states
that ...
8 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
a) a defined amount is permitted in the $400 exemption.
b) they are not included in the $400 exemption.
c) it is against the American regulations to import any
amount of them.
d) it is forbidden to acquire them abroad.
e) it is against the law to import them.
46. According to the text, U.S. residents ...
a) are not granted customs exemptions.
b) of any age are allowed to import alcoholic beverages.
c) must import one hundred cigars and 200 cigarettes.
d) are entitled to specified customs exemptions.
e) should buy Cuban cigars but not exceed $100 in
value.
THE MICROCHIP REVOLUTION (AFTN 1996)
The microchip revolution is based on size and cost.
Microchips give us computing power in a tiny space.
As the cost of microchips continues to fall, it
becomes economically worthwhile to use in more and
more ways.
We have to accept the microchip, or face the alternative
of opting out of the free world market.
Accepting the microchip brings benefits and problems.
The benefits include greater efficiency in finding and
using information; the possibility of higher living
standards through increased productivity; greater
control over pollution and the use of natural resources;
help for the sick and disabled; and a whole range of
“smart” machines to inform, entertain and serve us.
We can guard against some of the problems. We can,
for example, be alive to the danger of the misuse of
information held on the computer files.
There is the problem of alienation: people who cannot
find a place in the technological world of the future. To
guard against this problem, we need education and
training schemes, and machines which are easy to use.
Finally, there’s the problem of people whose skills are
made redundant by machines. Again, there’s a need
for education and retraining. The wealth needed to pay
for schemes like these is more likely to appear if we
use the microchip.
47. According to paragraph 1, the economic aspect
of the microchip revolution: …
a) is one of its two main advantages.
b) is not relevant at all.
c) shows the constant increase in the of microchips
d) is disadvantage in financial terms
e) reflects its inconsistency
48. According to paragraph 2, those who do NOT
accept the microchip revolution will …
a) be able to participate in the free world market in a
more advantageous way.
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b) certainly guarantee their presence in the free world
market.
c) be naturally excluded from the free world market
d) be naturally incorporated into the free world market.
e) face a wider and more effective participation in the
free world market.
49. According to paragraph 4, we might have to
face ...
a) the lack of consistency in the information stored on
the computer files.
b) the periodical updating of data on files.
c) the incorrect manipulation of microchips.
d) the improper use of data contained on computer files.
e) the meticulous manipulation of data held on
computers files.
DEFICIT SPELLS TROUBLE
The US economic expansion, which has already
achieved an unprecedented period of unbroken growth,
continues to stride ahead. But there could be trouble
on the way.
Robert Siddles, head of the US equities at Gartmore,
says “There has only been one recession in the last 16
years in the US, where there has been strong growth
and unexpected low inflation”.
He explains the economic picture has been almost
perfect: “Murphy’s law is working in reverse”, Siddles
says about the US economy. He explains: “If it can go
right, it will go right”.
But he is concerned about the level of the current
account deficit, which is running out at about 5% of the
gross domestic product. But Siddles adds: “The
problem with the current account deficit may not be quite
as bad as it appears. The government is borrowing less
and the health of the economy is supporting the deficit”.
50. Which aspect of the US economy is seen as
worrying?
a) Its foreign policy
b) Its present account deficit
c) Its tax regulations
d) Its stock market
e) Its present elections
51. The author says that the US economic expansion
continues to stride ahead, which means it continues
to …
a) grow
b) shrink
c) be analyzed
d) affect the world
e) dominate
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52. Paragraph 2 suggests that an expanding
economy might be expected to bring …
a) recession
b) unemployment
c) inflation
d) surplus workers
e) a trade deficit
53. According to Robert Siddles, the government …
a) must borrow less money
b) has increased interest rates
c) should lend more money
d) is lending much less
e) is bearing the deficit
54. The overall picture the text gives of the US
economy is one of …
a) absolute euphoria
b) dark pessimism
c) galloping inflation
d) qualified optimism
e) impending recession
CAN EXERCISE HELP YOU COPE WITH STRESS?
(TTN 1998)
People most often exercise for purely physical reasons,
yet many who exercise report that they “feel good” after
vigorous exercise. Indeed, regular exercise seems to
be a powerful antistress activity. Exercise has been
shown in a number of studies to reduce anxiety levels
and feelings of helplessness, depression and hostility.
At the same time, regular exercise seems to stabilize
personality and to increase self-confidence and
optimism.
Even when exercise is not making you feel more
relaxed, it may still be helping you to cope with stress.
A recent study at the Human Performance Laboratory
in San Francisco compared the effect of stress on two
groups of students. One group had participated in a
14-week aerobic exercise program; the other had not.
Each group was asked to solve a set of problems, and,
because most of the problems were unsolvable, both
groups became frustrated and showed increased
muscular tension and anxiety levels. However, the
exercisers displayed fewer of these effects than the non-
exercisers did, and they showed no increase in blood
pressure, which is a key measure of stress response.
55. The author claims that regular exercise …
a) should be prevented.
b) might be harmful.
c) reduces stress
d) is unhealthy
e) must be vigorous
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 9
56. According to the text, self-confidence and
optimism are …
a) positively affected by exercise.
b) negatively influenced by exercise.
c) reduced by regular exercise.
d) illogical feelings.
e) not at all affected by exercise.
57. The extract …
a) persuades readers to lead a sedentary life.
b) also includes the results of a study.
c) states that our problems are unsolvable.
d) discourages the practice of physical exercise.
e) proves that physical exercise increases our blood
pressure.
PHYSICAL FITNESS (AFTN 1996)
Physical fitness can help you live longer, feel healthier
and cope with life’s problems. Various activities can help
you keep fit: from running marathons to climbing
mountains to lifting heavy weights. For the average non-
sporting person without much time to spare, activities
like these are not very practical and , to be frank, they
are a waste of time. It is much better in my view to
devote no more than half an hour every other day to do
exercises. The important thing is to stick to a routine so
that you don’t say to yourself, “I won’t bother today!” or
“I’ll do it later!” . If you haven’t got the will power to
establish a routine like this, a sport like tennis or golf
might suit you better. Your partner will help you
remember to play regularly and you’ll be able to get you
exercise outdoors, too.
Taking exercises can be time-consuming but the feeling
of being fit and healthy makes up for the few minutes a
day it takes.
58. According to paragraph 1, physical fitness ...
a) is not important.
b) should not be taken into consideration.
c) may result in an increase in longevity.
d) does not make any difference in terms of health.
e) is irrelevant in our everyday routine.
59. In the author’s opinion: …
a) we do not need to exercise every day.
b) we should devote an hour every day to doing
exercises.
c) we should devote thirty minutes every day to physical
exercises.
d) we need to exercise from Monday to Friday.
e) we should exercise at least two hours a day.
60. According to the author’s conclusion, the time
you spend exercising is ...
a) useless
10 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
b) not worthwhile
c) a waste of time
d) worthwhile
e) too consuming
61. Which of the following sentences does NOT
express what is in the text?
a) keeping in shape should be part of our weekly routine.
b) physical exercise should be avoided by those who
do not enjoy it.
c) physical exercise improve our quality.
d) exercising can relieve many of our daily tensions.
e) regular exercise may be time-consuming.
THE INTERNET’S DAYS AS A TAX-FREE ZONE
ARE NUMBERED (TRF NOV 2000)
The sales tax, also known as the excise tax, is one of
the oldest, and therefore one of the most reviled, of all
levies. Revolutions and rebellions have been fought over
it. But the battle today over whether to tax Internet sales,
while not violent, is as heated as any. Even Republicans,
who almost never disagree about taxes, are at each
other’s throats on the issue. Virginia governor Jim
Gilmore opposes new taxes on e-commerce as a way
to spur the Net, while Utah governor Michael Leavitt
thinks online sales must be taxed to keep state and
local governments solvent. A congressional commission
that was supposed to settle the issue ended in deadlock
earlier this year.
Citizens have every right to grouse about the ill effects
of sales taxes on Net growth, but the right of
governments to impose them isn’t in dispute. What’s
more, lawmakers don’t have much of a policy reason
not to apply a sales tax to commerce over the Internet.
Thus the surprise of the Internet debate: Despite all the
hyperbole pouring out of the mouths of politicians lately,
cyberspace almost certainly won’t remain a (nearly) tax-
free zone forever. For now, the federal government has
imposed a moratorium on new Internet taxes through
October 2001.
62. In connection with taxation of e-commerce, the
text does not mention:
a) Republicans
b) unions
c) legislators
d) citizens
e) a congressional commission
63. In the present context, levies are:
a) issues
b) regulations
c) technologies
d) policies
e) taxes
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64. According to the headline of the text, a tax-free
zone:
a) will surely remain untouched
b) may remain forever
c) is going to be implemented
d) will not survive for much longer
e) might soon be devised
65. Concerning the issue of taxing e-commerce, a
congressional commission:
a) was finally able to reach an agreement
b) will soon be settled
c) was not able to reach an agreement
d) may at last come to an agreement
e) is now coming to an agreement
66. When the author states that the sales tax is one
of the most reviled of all levies, he means that it.
a) is well-accepted by tax-payers
b) has not been legally enforced
c) is one of the highest of all tariffs
d) is one of the most unpopular taxes
e) is one of the heaviest interest rates
TREASURY ANNOUNCES MAJOR TAX REVISION
(TTN 1997)
The long-anticipated proposal for a simplified U.S. tax
code was announced, Nov. 27, by the Treasury
Secretary. He insisted on the semantic distinction that
the plan was the Treasury’s, not the Administration’s.
In general, the reform plan would reduce taxes on
individual and increase them on corporations. The 16
tax brackets for individual would be replaced by only 3,
with a maximum rate of 35 percent for those who making
more than $38,100 a year. However, many personal
deductions would be eliminated. Republican leaders in
the House predicted that it would be difficult to get the
plan through Congress, and that the strong support of
the president would be required.
67. According to the text, the proposed U.S. tax code
is ...
a) immensely complex
b) over-elaborated
c) more difficult to understand
d) too simple
e) easier to understand
68. The proposed plan aims to ...
a) increase taxes on individuals.
b) raise the number of tax brackets.
c) increase taxes on the House.
d) raise taxes on corporations.
e) reduce taxes paid by corporations.
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69. The plan mentioned in the text derives
specifically from the U.S.
a) Administration
b) Treasury
c) Congress
d) House
e) Customs Department
70. Concerning the present tax brackets for
individuals, the text mentions the fact that ...
a) they would not be altered.
b) no change would be implemented.
c) they would be decreased.
d) no modification would be required.
e) they would have to be increased.
LATIN AMERICAN BANKS (TTN 1997)
In May this, year, three commercial banks in Argentina
were sold to European rivals for a total of $1.6 billion.
This is just one example of a revolution that is taking
place in the financial services industry throughout Latin
America. Foreign banks now control around 15% of total
loans and 16% of total deposits in the six largest Latin
American economies.
Brazil and Argentina in particular are attracting the
attention of foreign banks, but for different reasons. In
the bad old days of hyperinflation, Argentines reacted
by buying dollars and keeping them in secret places at
home. As a result, the banking system did not develop
much. In Brazil, on the other hand, people learned to
live with inflation by indexing prices. The Brazilian banks
needed sophisticated technology to collect and invest
money instantaneously.
Today, a foreign company that buys a bank in Argentina
can encourage new sectors of the population to open
bank accounts. In Brazil, foreign investors can develop
the financial services market for products such as credit
cards, mortgages and consumer loans.
71. According to paragraph 1 of the text, in Latin
America there is a revolution in ...
a) growth.
b) the size of economies.
c) inflation control.
d) the banking sector.
e) fiscal reform.
72. According to paragraph 2, when inflation was
high, people in Brazil and Argentina ...
a) tried to live with sophisticated technology.
b) changed all their savings into dollars.
c) reacted in different ways.
d) attracted the interest if foreign banks.
e) stayed at home as much as possible.
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 11
73. According to the text, bank in Argentina are ...
a) more profitable than banks in Brazil.
b) cheaper to buy than banks in Brazil.
c) safer places to keep money than banks in Brazil.
d) more complex than banks in Brazil.
e) less developed than banks in Brazil.
AUDITOR FISCAL DA RECEITA FEDERAL –
PROVA 1 – ABRIL/2002
INGLÊS
Brazilian rate cut catches markets off guard
The Financial Times February 21 2002
Brazil’s central bank surprised financial markets on
Wednesday night with its first interest rate cut in seven
months, strengthening investor confidence in an
economic rebound this year and easing fears of
economic contagion in the region from Argentina.
The bank’s monetary policy committee reduced its
overnight lending rate (Selic) by 25 basis points to 18.75
per cent. It said the reduction was “compatible with the
convergence of the inflation rate to its target”. The
government’s year-end inflation target is 5.5 per cent.
The bank maintained a “neutral bias”, meaning it is
unlikely to change rates before its next monthly meeting
in March.
A typical central bank strategy in past crises in the region
has been to lift interest rates to attract investment in
the fixed rate market. This is what countries did in 1999,
when Brazil was forced to devalue the Real While
Wednesday’s rate cut is modest and leaves inflation-
adjusted interest rates above 13 per cent, it could help
accelerate a recovery in consumer confidence, which
hás been battered by last year’s power crisis and
Argentina’s economic turmoil.
Lower interest rates, one of the principal demands of
Brazil’s business sector, could also increase the
popularity of the government ahead of presidential
elections in October. According to the latest consensus
forecast published by the central bank, the market
expects interest rates to fall to 17 per cent by year- end
and to 14.1 per cent by the end of 2003. According to
the same forecast, gross domestic product is expected
to grow 2.4 per cent this year, up from an estimated 1.7
per cent last year.
74. According to the text, the recent cut in the
Brazilian interest rate was …
a) a misplaced sign of confidence in the economy.
b) a result of the crisis in Argentina’s economy.
c) designed to attract investment over seven months.
d) a sign of confidence in Brazil’s economic recovery.
e) an unexpectedly large cut in a modest interest rate.
75. According to the article, in 1999, Brazil …
12 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
a) devalued its currency and raised its interest rates.
b) began to suffer fallout from the crisis in Argentina.
c) lowered its interest rate on account of devaluation.
d) attracted only a modest rate of foreign investment.
e) suffered a surprise fall in growth of almost 17%.
76. The government expects Brazil’s inflation rate
to be …
a) 1.7%
b) 2.4%
c) 5.5%
d) 13%
e) 18.75%
77. The phrase “last year’s power crisis” refers to …
a) domestic political problems in 2001.
b) the effects on the world of the September 11 attacks.
c) regional political problems in South America.
d) changes in the government in 2001.
e) the shortage of electricity in Brazil in 2001.
78. The writer comments that the interest rate cut
may …
a) be too modest to stimulate real growth in the Brazilian
economy.
b) please business people and gain support for the
government.
c) help Brazil to overcome a forecast of negative GDP
growth.
d) assist the economy to overcome the effect of the
year’s elections.
e) leave inflation-adjusted interest rates at an extremely
low level.
MOUNTAIN OF 90’S DEBT LOOMS AS CITY AND
STATE FEEL PINCH
By RICHARD PÉREZ-PEÑA and JAMES C.
McKINLEY Jr.
New Yorkers say their region stands alone in all sorts
of ways. But few citizens of this sprawling city and state
know it is the undisputed leader in an undesirable arena:
government debt.
New York City and New York State are far and away
the largest debtors in the nation, outside the federal
government. The city has $42 billion in loans
outstanding, and the state has $38 billion.
No one else is even close, the State of California running
a distant third, at $25 billion.
Now, as New York navigates the narrow fiscal straits
brought on by recession and the Sept. 11 attack, and
surpluses have given way to yawning deficits, those
debts loom larger, fiscal monitors say. The state and
city each spend about $4 billion a year on debt
payments, limiting the money available to weather a
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crisis without cutting essential services or resorting to
fiscal gimmicks that push today’s costs onto future
generations.
In announcing his budget plan last week, Mayor Michael
R. Bloomberg proposed that the city take on even more
debt, $1.5 billion, to help cover a $4.7 billion budget
gap. That would mean selling bonds to cover day-to-
day expenses, something the city has not done since
the fiscal crisis of the 1970’s.
Mr. Bloomberg acknowledged that doing so was an
extraordinary step, and all but pleaded with bond-rating
agencies to accept the tactic, promising that borrowing
to reduce coming years’ deficits would not become an
annual tool. The mayor also wants to refinance some
debt, to reduce the interest payments over the next
several years to get through this tough stretch.
Borrowing money can play an important, valued role in
government — one accepted by even the most
conservative critics — when it is used to pay for high-
cost, long-lasting assets like bridges, railroads and
power plants that would otherwise take decades to buy.
The question, then, is not whether to borrow, but to what
degree.
79. The text says that, in relation to the level of
government debt, most residents of the city an the
State are …
a) shocked by it.
b) anxious to settle it.
c) prepared to repay it.
d) turning a blind eye to it.
e) unaware of it.
80. According to the text, New York City and New
York State …
a) ought to borrow large sums of money to renew their
basic infrastructure.
b) will need to borrow money to rebuild the economy
after September 11.
c) may have to borrow new money to cover their large
fiscal deficits.
d) will be obliged to reduce public services to repay their
massive debts.
e) are the second and third biggest public debtors in
the United States.
81. In the writers’ view the problem is …
a) not borrowing in itself, but borrowing to cover routine
daily spending.
b) how to sell bonds to finance special new fiscal
gimmicks.
c) navigating the fiscal straits to roll debt over for future
generations.
d) persuading conservatives that public spending will
promote recovery.
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e) rebuilding the city’s damaged infrastructure in the
aftermath of September 11.
82. Each year, servicing the huge existing debt costs
the City and the State together around …
a) 1.5 billion dollars.
b) 4 billion dollars.
c) 4.7 billion dollars.
d) 8 billion dollars.
e) 38 billion dollars.
83. The expression “to weather” a crisis means …
a) to avoid a crisis.
b) to survive a crisis.
c) to provoke a crisis.
d) to intensify a crisis.
e) to succumb to a crisis.
RATING AGENCIES DEFEND THEIR STYLE OF
ANALYSIS—AND HEDGE THEIR BETS
THE two credit-rating agencies that dominate the
business come in for flak from all sides. Investors caught
holding Enron’s investment-grade bonds as their price
sank to below that of junk say that Moody’s and Standard
& Poor’s (S&P) are just too slow to spot companies’
declining financial health. Equally, say others, they are
just too fast when they produce unjustifiably large
changes in ratings. Stung by a precipitous downgrade,
Tyco, once a high-flying American conglomerate, has
had to seek an emergency and very costly refinancing,
punishing investors.
The agencies use legions of highly trained analysts with
access to top management. Their meticulous reports
giving ratings for corporate bonds are designed to give
an accurate picture of the bonds’ riskiness and,
ultimately, the probability of default. Lately, rating
agencies have struggled to keep up; it seems a bond’s
rating tells you ever less about the price that investors
are willing to pay. In 1997 two-thirds of debt rated triple-
B by S&P was priced within 20 basis points (hundredths
of a percentage point) of the average bond with the
same rating. Since then, the range has widened. Last
year credit spreads’ standard deviation, a measure of
dispersion, had risen more than sixfold.
84. The task of a credit rating agency is to …
a) downgrade junk bonds as soon as their investors
spot them.
b) catch failing companies fast and denounce them to
the public.
c) estimate the level of risk involved in particular
investments.
d) calculate the effectiveness of companies’ top
management
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 13
e) punish investors who do not refinance in emergency
situations.
85. In the case of the Enron company, the two main
credit rating agencies …
a) suddenly changed their estimate, causing severe
damage.
b) caught investors illegally holding investment-grade
bonds.
c) allowed share prices to rise unreasonably rapidly.
d) were apparently unaware of the company’s severe
problems.
e) belatedly wanted to dominate the sinking business.
86. The US company Tyco was adversely affected
by …
a) the generalized crisis in the airline industry.
b) a sudden downward revision of its credit rating.
c) a scam involving too high a credit rating.
d) precipitous conglomeration of the market.
e) an anti-trust investigation of its corporate size.
87. The correlation between the price of a bond and
its credit rating is …
a) growing less reliable.
b) poor, but improving.
c) strictly accurate.
d) spreading fast.
e) deviously calculable.
88. Which of the following is not mentioned in the
text?
a) The names of the two main credit rating companies.
b) The need to assess the likelihood of a company’s
default.
c) Reasons for criticizing credit rating companies.
d) The sharp decrease in value of Enron shares.
e) The exact number of credit ratings analysts at work.
UNITED STATES MINT (TTN 1998)
The United States Mint was created by Act of April 2,
1792, which established the national coinage system.
Initially, operations were conducted in Philadelphia, then
the nation’s capital. Supervision of the Mint was a
function of the Secretary of State, but in 1799, it became
an independent agency reporting directly to the
president. The Mint was made a statutory bureau of
the Treasury Department in 1873 with a director
appointed by the president to oversee its operations
from headquarters offices in the Treasury Department
in Washington DC.
The Mint manufactures all U.S. coins and distributes
them through the Federal Reserve banks and branches.
The Mint also maintains physical custody of the
14 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
Treasury’s monetary stocks of gold and silver, moving,
storing and releasing from custody as authorized.
89. According to the text, the U.S Mint:
a) will soon be created by an Act.
b) has already been created by an Act.
c) should be created by an Act.
d) has recently been created by an Act.
e) was created by an American president.
90. The text does not mention the:
a) U.S. Mint.
b) treasury’s monetary stocks.
c) storage of gold and silver.
d) Treasury Department
e) Energy Department
THE BUDGET FOR THE YEAR 2000
Most analysts believe that the budget for the year 2000
presented by the government is feasible, but many
points used to design the budget depend on negotiations
with Congress. “If first impressions are confirmed, the
budget corresponds to reality”, says former Central Bank
President Affonso Celso Pastore. According to the Chief
Economist for Citibank, the budget is feasible but not
easy to accomplish.
Specialists say that the government would have to
reduce monthly expenses immediately until the end of
the year from R$ 3.5 billion to R$ 2.87 billion, which
would correspond to a 20% reduction. “It’s quite a tight
budget”, said former Minister Maílson da Nóbrega. The
main problem is that state employees’ salaries have
been raised and an extra R$ 3.1 billion will have to be
paid next year.
91. Analysts predict …
a) a considerable surplus for the public sector
b) a further increase in state employees’ salaries
c) a huge technological investment
d) a substantial change in the fiscal responsibility law
e) a necessary cut in the public expenditure
92. According to the text, the state
employees’salaries …
a) must have been reduced
b) must be taken into account
c) have undoubtedly been neglected
d) represent a 20% cut in the budget
e) have not been negotiated
93. In connection to the budget for year 2000,
analysts believe that it …
a) might be achieved
b) will be increased by 20%
c) is hardly attainable
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d) ought to be designed by the Congress
e) has been endorsed by the Congress
NEW POLICIES TO FIT THE NEW ECONOMY
Growing Prosperity: The battle for Growth with Equity
in the 21st Century, written by two liberal economists,
represents a breakthrough in the political debate over
the New Economy. This is the first book that lays out a
progressive economic policy designed to encourage
technology-driven growth, while ameliorating bad
consequences such as widening income disparity and
excessive dependence on a volatile stock market.
According to the authors, Barry Bluestone and Bennett
Harrison, Washington policymakers have been
excessively fixated on low inflation and a balanced
budget. Bluestone and Harrison term this the “Wall
Street” model of growth. This model, if carried into the
future, will make it difficult to sustain prosperity over
the long run. For one thing, the drive to cut the budget
deficit has constrained spending on research and
development, education, and infrastructure. Over time,
they say, this will slow the rate of technological
innovation – the equivalent of eating the seed corn.
94. The authors of the present book emphasise the
need to:
a) offer higher minimum wages
b) have stronger trade unions
c) keep continuous technological innovation
d) reduce research on technology
e) maintain low consumer spending
95. One aspect which is not approached by
Bluestone and Harrison is the:
a) volatile stock market
b) spending on research
c) balanced budget
d) tributary reform
e) income disparity
AFTN 1994 MARÇO
What makes somebody a creative genius? The
phenomenon of genius has stunned both laymen and
scientists for centuries. Analyses of hundreds of history’s
greatest thinkers have been undertaken to identify the
personality traits and life contingencies they shared.
These analyses, added to joint efforts in the cognitive
sciences and neurophysiology, have brought together
data, which have shattered the traditional view of genius.
The definition of intelligence has shifted from the
traditional, static one - in which intelligence was believed
to be measurable through IQ tests - to a more flexible
typology. Several forms of intelligence have been
identified - including musical, spatial, bodily kinesthetic,
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linguistic, logical-mathematical and intra and
interpersonal relationships.
Although intelligence fuels genius, the true genius
merges disparate ideas of unrelated fields not only to
answer old questions but to pose new ones. Childlike
enthusiasm, iconoclasm, introversion and synesthesia
- the combination of different modes of perception - have
also been observed to be part of the ingredients of
creative genius.
The good news for common mortals is that as research
on genius progresses, more and more educational
programmes have become aware of the need to nurture
creativity and a more varied array of intellectual abilities
in schools. This view has fostered the development of
programmes in which the individual needs of every child
are met. A reaction against specialization also seems
to be on the way: in the future, students may be
encouraged to ‘have a go’ at different tasks and discover
previously overlooked talents.
96. According to paragraph 1 of the text, the attempt
to discover what makes a genius …
a) is a recent phenomenon
b) depends on IQ tests to reach its conclusions.
c) is changing dramatically because of new information
d) causes disagreements between psychologists and
neurophysilogists
e) is likely to prove impossible
97. According to paragraph 2 of the text, a true
genius …
a) combines ideas and modes of perception in creative
ways.
b) is more interested in new problems than in old ones.
c) acts like a child most of the time.
d) is not always creative.
e) normally conforms to accepted social conventions.
98. According to paragraph 3, …
a) the educational programmes mentioned are selecting
the creative students and ignoring the weak ones.
b) research on creativity is of interest only to the parents
of gifted children.
c) the current trend towards specialization is irreversible.
d) children in the educational programmes mentioned
are not forced to march in step with their colleagues.
e) research on creativity has interfered with the
development of programmes tailored to the individual.
AFTN 1994 SETEMBRO
As computers gradually find their way into homes, one
might expect all the household to feel equally at ease
with technology. The fact, however, seems to be that
computer culture is still dominated by men and that
women relate to the chip age in quite a different way.
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 15
Of course some women have made it in the computer
age, and a few men still think a ‘hard drive’ means being
caught in a traffic jam. But a ‘gender gap’ has been
indicated in research about people’s use and
expectations of technology. For example, in a recent
study, men and women were asked to dream up
machines of the future. Men typically imagined devices
that could help them conquer the universe, whereas
women wanted machines that met people’s needs, ‘the
perfect mother’.
Men seem to be seduced by technology itself. They are
proud of their PC’s memory storage capacity and speed.
Women, on the other hand, are likely to think computers
were meant to be used like any other domestic
appliance. Convenience and practicality appeal to
women – they don’t really care about how a computer
works, as long as it does. When it doesn’t, men are
stimulated by the challenge to get the computer working
again. Faced with breakdowns, viruses and other
computer disasters, women are put off trying for hours
to make it work - they will get their job done some other
way.
99. According to the text, women …
a) want to understand how computers work.
b) don’t want computers in their homes.
c) often find driving harder than men.
d) wish computers to be useful to people.
e) persistently attempt to fix broken computers.
100. According to the text, men …
a) are upset about having to drive long hours.
b) are not interested in a computer’s inner workings.
c) like being defied to make a computer work.
d) are very concerned with a computer’s practicality
e) will get things done no matter what
101. According to the text, …
a) men and women relate to technology in different
ways.
b) computers are rapidly invading homes.
c) people told researchers what they had dreamt at night.
d) computers often break down.
e) all women have been unsuccessful in the computer
age.
A HISTORY OF TAXATION (AFRF 2000)
During the various reigns of the Egyptian Pharaohs tax
collectors were known as scribes and for one period
they even imposed a tax on the cooking oil consumed
by their citizens.
The Athenians imposed a tax referred to as eisphora,
which was used to pay for special wartime expenditures.
The Greeks were one of the few societies that were
able to resend the tax once the emergency was over.
16 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
When additional resources were gained by the war
effort, the resources were used to refund the tax.
Athenians also imposed a monthly pool tax on
foreigners, people who did not have both an Athenian
Mother and Father, which was referred to as metoikion.
In Rome, the earliest taxes were customs duties on
imports and exports called portoria.
Caesar Augustus was considered by many to be the
most brilliant tax strategist of the Roman Empire. He
instituted an inheritance tax to provide retirement funds
for the military. The tax was 5% on all inheritances
except gifts to children and spouses.
At the time of Christ, Caesar Augustus ruled the Roman
Empire, which included large areas of the Middle East.
In Judea, those who collected taxes were unpopular
members of society, and it appears that people criticised
Jesus’ choice of Saint Matthew, one of the members,
as one of his disciples.
102. In ancient Egypt, the scribes were …
a) in charge of collecting levies
b) taxes imposed on foreigners
c) responsible for banning the cooking oil tax
d) citizens who avoided paying levies
e) the most notorious tax strategists
103. The tax referred to as eisphora was …
a) Egyptian
b) refundable
c) illegal
d) optional
e) deductible
104. The inheritance tax instituted by Caesar
Augustus …
a) resulted from military funds not used in the wars
b) made him the most hateful strategist of all times
c) derived from assets left by someone who died
d) was 5% imposed on presents to children and spouses
e) was banned during the reign of Julius Caesar
BREEDING SUPERBRAINS (AFTN 1996)
Edoardo Boncinelli directs the molecular biology of
development laboratory at San Raffaele hospital in
Milan. He is being interviewed about his latest discovery:
Interviewer: It’s hard to think of intelligence as the
direct result of brain mass. What about the role of
experience ?
Edoardo Boncinelli: No one knows what intelligence
is. In all likelihood, about 50 percent of it will be
determined by genetics, and the other portion
determined by environment and experience. Genes by
themselves cannot determine intelligence. But they can
determine stupidity. When certain human genes go bad,
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it is inevitable that the person will suffer a mental
deficiency.
Interviewer: Wouldn’t a man who had a large part of
his brain regenerated lose most of his knowledge and
memory?
Edoardo Boncinelli: Memory is distributed throughout
the brain. If I destroy a piece of gray matter in a human,
he probably won’t lose all of his memory. What he loses
is a part of the velocity with which he can retrieve his
information. Of course, he won’t reacquire his memories
when I put new cells in. But the new implant will assist
in the recovery of his memory and in all his other brain
functions. What we are really talking about is to be able
to reverse brain death. At present, when these cells
die, there is no way to replace them. An idea I find even
more intriguing is the possibility to regenerate the spinal
cord in cases of injury and paralysis.
105. When asked about “ what intelligence is ”,
Edoardo Boncinelli states that: …
a) genetics probably determines half of it
b) the place where we live does not influence it
c) neither environment nor experience influence it
d) genetics determines it all
e) genetics has absolutely no influence on it
106. In his second answer, Edoardo Boncinelli
states that memory: …
a) can only be found in one specific area of the brain
b) is concentrated in two areas of the brain
c) memory is spread over many areas of the brain
d) has already been found and measured by specialists
e) is located on the left-hand side of the brain
107. According to Edoardo Boncinelli, if new cells
are inserted in the brain in order to replace damaged
ones, the brain’s: …
a) previous capacity is immediately recovered
b) memory is lost
c) storage capacity is transformed
d) memories will remain the same
e) functions will be helped
MERCOSUR (TTN 1998)
The four Mercosur countries may be steadily stitching
their economies together but their putative common
market is fraying round the edges. For all the warm talk,
that was the evidence from their latest presidential
meeting, in Montevideo, Uruguay’s capital, on
December 14th and 15th.
In opting to go beyond mere free trade towards a
customs union, Mercosur’s founders intended the group
to have a common foreign-trade policy, as the European
Union does. That is proving hard to achieve. In 1995,
when the Mercosur four countries began to put in place
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a common external tariff(ranging from zero to 20% with
an average of 12%), several hundred products were
exempted. Now even more will be. Last month, for
reasons of their own, Brazil and Argentina agreed to
increase external tariffs by 3%. Paraguay and Uruguay,
more dependent on imports, were unhappy. In
Montevideo, they reluctantly agreed to the rise – but
each will be allowed to exempt up to 600 further items
from it.
108. According to the text, the four Mercosur
countries aimed at …
a) putting into practice an external tariff of 3%.
b) adopting distinguishable foreign-trade policies.
c) weakening their foreign-trade strategies.
d) following a mutual foreign-trade policy.
e) immediately adopting a common currency.
109. The text states that Brazil and Argentina
decided to raise external tariffs by 3% …
a) to strengthen the economies of Paraguay and
Uruguay.
b) to answer requests made by Paraguay and Uruguay.
c) because the two are more dependent on imports.
d) a year ago.
e) based on their own needs.
MOVING EXPENSES (TTN 1998)
Taxpayers who change jobs or are transferred to another
job location during the year can deduct part of their
moving expenses. These expenses include travel and
the cost of moving household goods to their new home.
The cost of meals while moving is no longer deductible.
To qualify, the move must be a result of changing job
locations or starting a new job and must meet distance
and time tests. The new job must be at least 50 miles
farther from the former home than was the old job.
Employees also must work full time for at least 39 weeks
during the first 12 months after they arrive in the general
area of their new jobs.
Taxpayers no longer have to itemize on Schedule A to
deduct moving expenses are now an adjustment to
income and should instead be reported on page 1, Form
1040.
110. According to the text, …
a) all moving expenses are deductible.
b) only moving household goods is deductible.
c) some moving expenses are deductible.
d) just travel expenses are deductible.
e) no moving expense is deductible.
111. Which of the options below summarize the
content of the text?
a) Deduction of moving expenses.
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 17
b) The high cost of meals.
c) The importance of starting a new job.
d) Illegal transfers.
e) Travelling for business reasons.
112. The text states that distance and time tests …
a) can be required.
b) have to be put off.
c) shall be postponed.
d) will not be requested.
e) have to be fulfilled.
“IN THIS WORLD NOTHING IS CERTAIN BUT
DEATH AND TAXES”
“In this world nothing is certain but death and
taxes” Benjamin Franklin, 1789”
At the end of 19th century, the question was how to tax
commerce via the telegraph. At the end of 20th century,
the question is how to tax commerce via Internet.
It’s not an idle question. Recent estimates suggest that
business-to-business e-commerce will reach $1,3 trillion
by the year 2003.
Needless to say, governments are concerned to make
sure the anonymity and boundary-less nature of the
Internet doesn’t lead to a reduction in their tax income.
113. The introductory quotation by Benjamin
Franklin points out that death and taxes …
a) show that there is nothing certain in this world
b) prove the uncertainty of life in this world
c) may be the only certainties in this world
d) represent uncertainties in our present life
e) are the only certainties in this world
114. According to the text, a major concern at the
moment is how …
a) exempt companies from paying taxes derived from
e-commerce
b) imposes levies on commercial transactions made
through the Internet
c) audit those companies which sell via the telegraph
d) increase taxation imposed on commerce via
telegraph
e) finance e-commerce via the Internet until it reaches
$1,3 trillion
115. A reduction in government’s tax collection …
a) could be caused by the basic characteristics of the
Internet
b) would stabilize the commerce via the Internet
c) will represent a source of concern by the year 2003
d) would generate severe sanctions on e-commerce
e) has been studied and negotiated through the Internet
18 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
116. Which of the statement below does not reflect
the content of the text?
a) Anonymity is one the features of the Internet
b) $1,3 trillion is a possible figure concerning e-
commerce in the future
c) Governments are worried about a decrease in tax-
collection
d) In the 19th century, levies had not been created yet
e) The absence of frontiers is a reality in the Internet
117. Taxing e.commerce is …
a) an irrelevant worry
b) avoidable in the long run
c) a cause of present concern
d) a future tax exemption
e) disregarded by governments
INFLATION TARGET TO RISE
Following recent economic shocks, Brazil’s Central
Bank (BC) may revise next year’s inflation target from
3.5% to 3.9%, as measured by the Broad Consumer
Price Index (IPCA). According to the minutes of the
September meeting of the BC’s Monetary Policy
Committee (Copom), besides the dollar’s climb since
early this year, the energy crisis, possible hikes in
international oil prices and global tensions have all
contributed to the upward revision of the inflation
forecast.
While Brazilian exports will undoubtedly be hit by the
global retraction in trade, the BC is confident that the
trade balance will actually benefit, as imports should
fall even further. The forecast is for a $2 billion surplus
by the end of the year.
Government-administered prices, however, will probably
be the major villains in this year’s inflation. In 2001, the
increases have already been adjusted up 11% and, by
themselves, will contribute 3,2 percentage points to the
2001 IPCA figure.
In the case of energy rates, the BC is forecasting
increases of 20% for both this year and 2002. Also of
concem for Brazil, oil prices are expected to increase
by the second quarter of next year when they should
stabilize.
Gazeta Mercantil, november, 2001
118. Na frase According to the minutes of the
September meeting (…), a palavra minutes significa
… be forced to pay him overtime. His wage is $6.20
a) minutos.
b) minuta.
c) ata.
d) relatório.
e) memorando.
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119. De acordo com o texto, o motivo para o
aumento do índice de inflação foi …
a) o aumento do Produto Interno Bruto.
b) a diminuição das exportações.
c) a queda da taxa de juros.
d) a queda das importações.
e) a crise energética no Brasil.
120. Na frase do 3º parágrafo, (...) as imports should
fall even further (...), o verbo anômalo should indica
…
a) um conselho.
b) uma obrigação.
c) uma exigência.
d) uma possibilidade.
e) uma certeza.
121. Na última frase do 3º parágrafo. (...) The
forecast is for $2 billion surplus by he end of the
year., a palavra surplus significa …
a) déficit.
b) superávit.
c) despesas.
d) fluxo de caixa.
e) dívida.
122. De acordo com o texto, os maiores “vilões” da
inflação deste ano serão, provavelmente, …
a) os aumentos do preço do petróleo.
b) as taxas de serviços administrados pelo governo.
c) as altas taxas de juros.
d) os preços controlados pelo governo.
e) a crise no setor energético.
AS QUESTÕES DE N° 123 A 127 REFEREM-SE AO
TEXTO A SEGUIR. PARA AS QUESTÕES DE N° 123
A 125, HÁ ESPAÇOS EM BRANCO COM A
INDICAÇÃO DOS NÚMEROS DA QUESTÃO
CORRESPONDENTE. PARA AS QUESTÕES 126 E
127, PROCEDA DE ACORDO COM O ENUNCIADO.
After (123) ___________ from Central Mexico only five
years ago, Mario G. has worked for just about every
big-name high-tech company in Silicon Valley: Hewlett
Packard, Sun Microsystems, Advanced Micro Devices
and Oracle Systems. Windows is his expertise. He
washes them. Sometimes for ten or twelve hours a day,
but never more than forty hours a week - lest his bosses
(124)_____________ hour, before taxes. Every morning
he calls his middleman to find out where he
(125)_____________ working and when.
(The Nation)
123.
a) comes
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b) come 129.
c) to come a) so
d) came b) only
e) coming c) and
d) also
124. e) not
a) every
b) an 130. We can infer from the text that the author is …
c) each a) not American
d) in b) a teacher at a public school.
e) for c) strongly against prayer in public schools.
d) an English politician.
125. e) an American citizen who does not care about political
a) is about to debates.
b) has been
c) will be AN ART TOUR OF THE TACKY (ICMS - SP / 2001)
d) used to
e) so as to be Leave the Louvre behind, avoid the masses at the Met.
Here’s our guide to some truly weird museums. See
126. A melhor tradução para - lest his boss be forced new Jersey trash, Swiss frogs and more.
to pay him overtime – é … By Malcolm Beith
a) de forma que seu patrão não seja forçado a lhe pagar Who says a museum has to be about art? With
hora extra worldwide museum attendance higher in the past
b) a menos que seu patrão lhe pague hora extra. decade than ever, curators are realizing they don’t need
c) pelo menos, assim, força seu patrão a lhe pagar hora a Picasso to bring in the crowds. Mummies, or shoes –
extra. or even bananas – will work just as well. Disappointed
d) desse modo, seu patrão tem que pagar mais por in the “Mona Lisa”? Sample the Jell – O Museum in Le
hora. Roy, New York, is home to a plumbing museum and
e) acho que seu patrão jamais lhe pagou hora extra. Munich displays potatoes. Art snob who announce it all
as “rubbish” would visit the Trash exhibit in Warren
127. them no texto refere-se a … Country, New Jersey- anyway, they often say the same
a) hours. about modem art. Wacky museums appeal because
b) high-tech companies. they “present the world around is ways that are
c) years. unexpected”, says museum designer Karl Katz, the
d) windows. former chair of special projects at New York’s
e) computer companies. Metropolitan Museum. The “stuff’ on display is
secondary. ‘There’d be a bagel museum if I had my
AS QUESTÕES DE N° 128 A 130 REFEREM-SE AO way’, he says. Judging from the competition, he won’t
TEXTO ABAIXO. have to wait long.

When I first came to the United States, I found that the 131. The world Tacky in the title An art tour of the
various political debates in (128) _________ I got tacky, means …
embroiled tended to reach a dead-end. Take prayer in a) finely decorated.
public schools. After a battle had begun around a table, b) beautifully furnished.
I would propose a compromise: Why not divide the c) badly painted.
children, for half an hour daily, into classes based (129) d) of a bad taste.
__________ on age, but on religious denomination? e) sticky.
(The New Republic)
132. According to the text, museums …
128. a) must be about art.
a) what b) need to have a Picasso or a Mona Lisa.
b) that c) can be just about anything.
c) which d) should have odd objects.
d) those e) should be about rubbish.
e) whose
20 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
133. In the sentence (...) Wacky museums appeal
because they present the world around us (…),
the word Wacky means …
a) Famous.
b) Actual.
c) Weird
d) Marvellous.
e) Interesting.
LEIA O TEXTO E ESCOLHA A OPÇÃO CORRETA
Running is one of the simplest yet most beneficial forms
of exercise. Technique comes naturally, equipment is
minimal but, more importantly, it’s very good for the
human body.
Americans have raised it to the level of a religion, with
more than 30 million regular runners. Although slower
to take it up, the British have recently started running in
greater numbers – three million in 1982(2,080 men and
898,00 women). The Central Council for Physical
Recreation say this ‘official’ figure can be multiplied by
five.
There are many claims made about the benefits of
running, but there is no denying that running is good for
you. It increases fitness and energy, lowers the risk of
heart disease, releases tension and reduces
sleeplessness.
134. The writer recommends running as a sport
because it:
a) decreases your level of fitness
b) improves your general health
c) requires a lot of money
d) reduces the need for sleep
e) raises the risk of heart disease
135. Escolha a opção correta de acordo com o texto
da questão 134.
Compared to the Americans, the British: …
a) run more slowly.
b) became interested in running later.
c) practice it as a religious discipline.
d) have more women runners.
e) do not run as regularly.
AS QUESTÕES DE N°136 A 138 REFEREM-SE AO
TEXTO ABAIXO.
In the 20th century, women in America have achieved
substantial gains in terms of social and economic
equality with men - particularly in the present generation.
Politics is especially appealing to women who wish to
effect social changes. Since 1916, many have been
presidential cabinets officers. Many others have held
important positions in national, state and local
governments.
(This is America - United States Information Agency - 1990)
Central de Concursos
136. De acordo com o texto, nos Estados Unidos,
as mulheres …
a) conseguiram, a partir de 1916, que os homens as
aceitassem como candidatas à presidência da
República.
b) conquistaram ganhos substanciais em termos de
igualdade social e econômica com relação aos homens.
c) conquistaram, com o apoio dos homens, ganhos
significativos em termos de igualdade social e
econômica.
d) foram responsáveis por muitas mudanças sociais
na primeira década deste século.
e) determinam, em muitos casos, quem exercerá
funções em nível nacional, estadual e local.
137. Assinale a alternativa correta que contém a
tradução para a seguinte frase do texto…
“Many others have held important positions in
national, state and local governments”.
a) Muitas outras candidataram-se a importantes cargos
no governo federal, estadual e municipal.
b) Muitas outras ocuparam importantes cargos
governamentais em nível federal, estadual e municipal.
c) Muitas outras controlaram importantes cargos no
governo em nível federal, estadual e municipal.
d) Muitas outras optaram por importantes cargos no
governo em nível federal, estadual e municipal.
e) Muitas outras têm manipulado importantes posições
no governo federal, estadual e municipal.
138. Em termos de opção profissional, o texto
afirma que a política é …
a) um grande apelo, especialmente para as mulheres
que desejem rever as mudanças sociais.
b) especialmente atraente para as mulheres que
objetivaram a revolução social.
c) particularmente atraente para as mulheres que
ambicionam cargos eletivos.
d) especialmente interessante para as mulheres que
sofrem os efeitos das mudanças sociais.
e) particularmente atraente para as mulheres que
desejam empreender mudanças sociais.
AS QUESTÕES DE N° 139 A 142 REFEREM-SE AO
TEXTO ABAIXO. NA QUESTÃO DE N° 139,
ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA CONTENDO A PALAVRA
QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO.
The proposed demolition of 49 large houses in St. Agnes
Place, Kennington, south London, and Lambeth
Borough Council’s plan to turn the site into open spaces,
at a cost of 40,000 pounds (139)__________ yesterday
as a “staggering waste of chronically short housing” by
Lambeth Self Help Group. Under license from the
council it specializes in finding temporary or short-life
housing for the homeless.
(The Times)
Central de Concursos 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 21

139. c) is roaming
a) was described d) have roamed
b) has been described e) would roamed
c) described
d) have described 144.
e) were described a) off
b) in
140. The best translation for staggering in the text c) with
is … d) on
a) desenfreado. e) about
b) surpreendente.
c) rendoso. 145.
d) improdutivo a) wider than
e) hesitante b) width
c) widest
141. A synonim for turn in the text would be … d) the widest
a) translate e) wider
b) move
c) become 146. A synonym for scarcely in the text would be:
d) invert a) namely
e) change b) frequently
c) barely
142. Segundo o texto … d) easily
a) o Lambeth Self Help tem autorização para ajudar e) readily
os sem-teto a encontrar moradia temporária.
b) as 49 casas em Kennington já foram demolidas. 147. We can infer from the text that:
c) após a demolição, o terreno vai custar 40,000 libras. a) the significance of the oceans to travelers has
d) o Lambeth Self Help concorda que a demolição é a changed
melhor solução para o problema da moradia. b) no traveler has ever relied on his faith to navigate
e) o Lambeth Borough Council descreve o problema safely.
da falta de moradia como crônico no sul de Londres. c) the oceans themselves may have shrunk.
d) navigational hazards are on the increase.
AS QUESTÕES DE N° 143 A 147 REFEREM-SE AO e) travelers are still not as safe as they used to be
TEXTO ABAIXO. PARA AS QUESTÕES DE N° 143 A
145, HÁ ESPAÇOS EM BRANCO COM A INDICAÇÃO AS QUESTÕES DE NÚMERO 148 A 150 REFEREM-
DOS NÚMEROS DA QUESTÃO SE AO TEXTO ABAIXO.
CORRESPONDENTE. PARA AS QUESTÕES N° 146
E 147, PROCEDA DE ACORDO COM O ENUNCIADO. Franklin D. Roosevelt blamed the Depression on basic
faults in the American economy and promised a ‘new
For centuries explorers (143)___________ the wide- deal’ for the ‘forgotten man’. He won the 1932
open spaces seeking their fortunes, guided by the stars, presidential election with an unprecedented majority and
primitive instruments and and whatever God they set about remedying the worsening situation with his
happened to believe in. The Atlantic was an endless New Deal in 1993. This was the first administration to
ocean, the Pacific the gateway to the end of the world. introduce government planning into the economy. Over
But what are those oceans now? Scarcely the terror the next two years, millions of unemployed were given
they once were. Definitely not the navigational hazard jobs in public works projects, and emergency relief was
any self -respecting captain need worry provided for others in order to create greater internal
(144)____________. No, the world has shrunk. The demand for American products. Numerous measures
wide open spaces are still there; it is just that they are were also taken to help the farmers, as a result of which
not quite so wide nowadays. Our own perspectives have their incomes more than doubled between 1932 and
become(145) ______________. 1939. The second new Deal (1935-39) aimed at
(Our Environment) providing security against unemployment, illness and
old age, to prevent the terrible hardships of the
143. Depression being repeated.
a) roams (Adaptado de Aspects of Britain and the USA, de C.
b) has to roam. Garwood.)
22 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
148. Franklin D. Roosevelt:
a) foi o primeiro presidente americano a ser eleito devido
aos erros básicos do país.
b) criou um plano econômico que soube tirar proveito
das qualidades básicas da economia americana.
c) tratou o “homem esquecido” como o grande
responsável pelos erros que levaram a Depressão.
d) venceu as eleições de 1933 com uma quantidade
de votos sem precedentes.
e) foi o primeiro a empregar um planejamento na
economia americana.
149. O New Deal de Roosevelt:
a) privilegiou os fazendeiros que, de 1932 a 1939,
duplicaram sua produção.
b) criou empregos em projetos públicos que, em dois
anos, duplicaram a renda dos americanos.
c) procurou promover um aumento no consumo
doméstico da produção americana.
d) teve sua segunda versão lançada em 1933, o mesmo
ano em que Roosevelt foi eleito.
e) tentou, em sua segunda versão, contornar os
fracassos da primeira versão.
150. A palavra incomes em as a result of which
their incomes, more than doubled between (…),
poderia ser substituída por:
a) wages.
b) productions.
c) crops.
d) gains.
e) taxes.
LA MINA
On the sidewalk outside La Mina, the waiters keep a
lonely vigil, scanning the horizon for anyone they might
coax inside to buy a drink. U.S. visitors to Mexico used
to make this bar one of the busiest gathering places in
the border city of Nuevo Laredo. That was before
September 11, 2001. These days La Mina is just about
empty. Business is down 70 percent, says the owner,
Juan Miguel Anzaldúa, 48. Most of his regular patrons
are staying home in Texas, and Anzaldúa is worried. “I
haven’t fired anybody yet”, he says. “But I don’t know
how much longer I can avoid it”.
Business are teetering all along the U.S. – Mexico
frontier. Employees and consumers used to cross the
border as easily as crossing the street. Now every port
of entry in both directions is on a maximum alert. Cops
and Customs officials from Tijuana to Matamoros have
tightened security. At some checkpoints the new
procedures are forcing drivers to wait three hours or
more to cross. In Nuevo Laredo, the gateway for 40
percent of Mexico’s exports to the U.S., officials say
the volume of traffic has shrunk 35 percent. The
Central de Concursos
disruption only worsens the pain already inflicted on the
region by the U.S. economic slowdown. Businessmen
in Tijuana say their sales have dropped by half. Trucking
firms in Ciudad Juárez say they are losing $100,000 a
day. Many local residents are wondering if things will
ever be the same.
(Adaptado de Newsweek, novembro de 2001)
151. De acordo com o texto, …
a) a cidade mexicana de La Mina hoje está
completamente às moscas, devido aos ataques
terroristas aos EUA.
b) os turistas americanos que visitavam Nuevo Laredo
faziam de La Mina um dos lugares mais movimentados
da cidade.
c) os negócios da cidade mexicana de Nuevo Laredo
declinaram em 70 por cento depois dos ataques
terroristas aos EUA.
d) Nuevo Laredo é responsável pela entrada nos EUA
da metade da exportação mexicana para esse país.
e) as atividades econômicas estão tendo problemas
em alguns pontos específicos da fronteira entre EUA e
México.
152. Juan Miguel Anzaldúa …
a) lamenta que seus patrões prefiram ficar em suas
casas no Texas a levar adiante seus negócios no
México.
b) está preocupado porque já teve que despedir alguns
de seus funcionários.
c) não sabe por quanto tempo conseguirá manter seus
empregados.
d) recomenda que seus antigos clientes permaneçam
em suas casas no Texas enquanto houver a ameaça
de ataques terroristas.
e) diz que a maioria de seus clientes preferiram emigrar
para o Texas, deixando seu estabelecimento às
moscas.
153. Na região mexicana mencionada pelo texto, …
a) a crise econômica dos EUA favoreceu a economia
local.
b) as pessoas ficam se perguntando se é possível que
as coisas possam voltar a ser o que eram.
c) a desaceleração da economia americana, antes de
11 de setembro de 2001, favorecia a economia local.
d) muitas cidades estão perdendo 100 mil dólares por
dia.
e) as transportadoras tiveram seu movimento reduzido
pela metade.
VOCABULARY APPROACH
Vamos aqui dar uma pausa e abordar uma importante
parte na preparação para provas de concursos públicos.
Central de Concursos
As provas de inglês se caracterizam pelo vasto
vocabulário não convencional que é apresentado. O
vocabulário é considerado não convencional porque
raramente pessoas que estudam inglês se deparam
com expressões do tipo “viés de alta”, “viés de baixa”,
pontos percentuais etc. É um vocabulário técnico. A
seguir haverá uma lista de 200 palavras que você deve
saber para fazer uma boa prova. Complete a lista e
confira no gabarito.
Até o item 260 você terá uma série de palavras que
são facilmente confundidas (quase todas já apareceram
em provas anteriores). A partir daí serão apresentadas
palavras que apareceram em concursos diversos. Boa
sorte!
154. THOUGH = _____________________________
155. ALTHOUGH = __________________________
156. THOUGHT = ____________________________
157. THROUGH = ___________________________
158. THOROUGH = __________________________
159. THROUGHOUT = ________________________
160. DEVELOPED = _________________________
161. DEVELOPING = _________________________
162. WORD = _______________________________
163. WORLD = ______________________________
164. TO CHANGE = ___________________________
165. TO CHARGE __ __________________________
166. TO EXCHANGE = ________________________
167. EVEN = ________________________________
168. EVER = ________________________________
169. WHEREAS = ____________________________
170. WHETHER = ____________________________
171. (TO) WEATHER = ________________________
172. WEATHER = ____________________________
173. AT LEAST = _____________________________
174. AT LAST = ______________________________
175. POLITICAL = ____________________________
176. POLITICIAN = ___________________________
177. POLITICS = ______________________________
178. POLICE = _______________________________
179. POLICY = _______________________________
180. TO LIVE = _______________________________
181. TO LEAVE = _____________________________
182. LEVY = _________________________________
183. TO HEAT = ______________________________
184. TO HIT = ________________________________
185. MONTH = _______________________________
186. MOUTH = _______________________________
187. MONTHLY = ____________________________
188. WON´T = _______________________________
189. WANT = ________________________________
190. WENT = _______________________________
191. (TO) HAVE = ____________________________
192. HEAVY = _______________________________
193. TO OWN = ______________________________
194. TO OWE = ______________________________
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 23
195. LEVER = _______________________________
196. LEVEL = ________________________________
197. TO RESEARCH = _________________________
198. TO SEARCH = ___________________________
199. EMPLOYEE = ___________________________
200. EMPLOYER = ___________________________
201. (TO) EMPLOY = _________________________
202. EMPLOYMENT = ________________________
203. EVERY DAY = ___________________________
204. EVERY OTHER DAY = ____________________
205. TO AFFECT = ___________________________
206. TO EFFECT = ___________________________
207. BOUGHT = _____________________________
208. BOTH =_________________________________
209. BEEN = ________________________________
210. BEING = ________________________________
211. PLANE = _______________________________
212. PLAN = ________________________________
213. TAXES = _______________________________
214. TAXIS = ________________________________
215. (TO) BUY = _____________________________
216. BY = ___________________________________
217. TO LEND = _____________________________
218. TO RENT = _____________________________
219. LENT = ________________________________
220. THAN = ________________________________
221. THEN = ________________________________
222. THEM = ________________________________
223. MUST = ________________________________
224. MOST = ________________________________
225. TO PLAY = ______________________________
226. TO PRAY = _____________________________
227. TO PAY = _______________________________
228. ON THE ONE HAND = ____________________
229. ON THE OTHER HAND = __________________
230. IF = ____________________________________
231. OF = ___________________________________
232. OFF = __________________________________
233. ON TIME = ______________________________
234. IN TIME = _______________________________
235. AT TIMES = _____________________________
236. EXPENSE = _____________________________
237. EXPENSIVE = ___________________________
238. EXPENDITURE = ________________________
239. FORMER = _____________________________
240. FARMER = ______________________________
241. MAIN = _________________________________
242. MAN = _________________________________
243. MEN = _________________________________
244. THESE = _______________________________
245. THERE = _______________________________
246. TREAUSRE = ___________________________
247. TREASURY = ____________________________
248. WERE = ________________________________
249. WHERE = _______________________________
250. CUSTOMS = ____________________________
24 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
251. CUSTOMER = ___________________________
252. FEW = _________________________________
253. A FEW = _______________________________
254. LATE = _________________________________
255. LATEST = ______________________________
256. LATER = ________________________________
257. LAST = _________________________________
258. (TO) LAST = ____________________________
259. TEXT = _________________________________
260. TEST = _________________________________
261. EASING BIAS = __________________________
262. TO SPUR = _____________________________
263. TO LADLE OUT = ________________________
264. TO SHOWER = __________________________
265. BUDGET = ______________________________
266. TIGHT-FISTED = _________________________
267. TO LOOM = _____________________________
268. RATING AGENCY = ______________________
269. ROLE = ________________________________
270. TO DEVALUE = __________________________
271. CURRENCY = ___________________________
272. POWER = ______________________________
273. TOUGH STRETCH = ______________________
274. FORECAST = ___________________________
275. CUT = _________________________________
276. TO LIFT = ______________________________
277. TO INCREASE = _________________________
278. TO RAISE = _____________________________
279. TO RISE – ROSE – RISEN = _______________
280. TO DECREASE = ________________________
281. TO DROP = _____________________________
282. TO JEOPARDIZE = _______________________
283. PROFIT = _______________________________
284. TO STEER = ____________________________
285. TARGET = ______________________________
286. YEAR-END = ____________________________
287. REVENUE = _____________________________
288. INCOME TAX = __________________________
289. TAX INCOME = __________________________
290. KEY = _________________________________
291. TO BORROW = __________________________
292. TO LEND – LENT – LENT = ________________
293. TO RELEASE = _________________________
294. TO REMAIN = ___________________________
295. ON THE WAY = __________________________
296. SHORTAGE = ___________________________
297. DRAMMATICALLT = _____________________
298. SURPLUS = ____________________________
299. TO IMPROVE = _________________________
300. EFFECTIVE = ___________________________
301. DISMAL = ______________________________
302. SHIFT = ________________________________
303. NO LONGER = __________________________
304. TO LEAD – LED – LED = __________________
305. LAYOFFF = _____________________________
306. TO ACHIEVE = __________________________
Central de Concursos
307. TO TIGHTEN = __________________________
308. YET = __________________________________
309. EVEN THOUGH = ________________________
310. TO CEASE = ____________________________
311. BACKWATER = __________________________
312. TO CHANGE = __________________________
313. CUSTOMS = ____________________________
314. FURTHER = _____________________________
315. TO DELIVER = __________________________
316. TO RESIGN = ___________________________
317. FORMER = _____________________________
318. BEGINNING = ___________________________
319. TREND = _______________________________
320. AHEAD = _______________________________
321. SECRECY LAWS = _______________________
322. UNPAID = ______________________________
323. REPORTEDLY = _________________________
324. UNPAID = _______________________________
325. DESPITE (IN SPITE OF) = _________________
326. EVEN = ________________________________
327. LEFTWING = ____________________________
328. RIGHTWING = ___________________________
329. TO SPREAD = ___________________________
330. TAX BURDEN = __________________________
331. TURMOIL = _____________________________
332. TO SPREAD = ___________________________
333. TO POUR = _____________________________
334. TO VOW = ______________________________
335. SPENDING = ____________________________
336. HIGH-COST = ___________________________
337. LONG-LASTING = _______________________
338. ALL BUT = ______________________________
339. YAWNING = _____________________________
340. GOODS = _______________________________
341. AVERAGE = _____________________________
342. PROCEDURES = _________________________
343. TO ALLOW = ____________________________
344. THUS = _________________________________
345. SUCH AS = ______________________________
346. COSTLY = ______________________________
347. HARROWING = __________________________
348. THRIVING = _____________________________
349. TO TAKE PLACE = _______________________
350. TO FEAR = _____________________________
351. TO AVOID = _____________________________
352. PROBE = _______________________________
353. REBOUND = ____________________________
THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION (FISCAL
DO TRABALHO 1998)
Is the body that wiped out smallpox and has done so
much to promote mass vaccination losing its way? In
recent weeks the reputation of the World Health
Organisation (WHO) has suffered a number of blows,
as critics have accused it of bowing to political pressures
Central de Concursos
rather than publishing unpalatable research findings.
One instance emerged last week. A controversial new
study which looked for links between lung cancer and
passive smoking found that non-smokers married to or
growing up with smokers were not at significantly more
risk from lung cancer than anyone else. The research
commissioned by the WHO and coordinated by Rodolfo
Saracci of the WHO’s International Agency for
International Agency for Research on Cancer, involved
a long study. Since it was one of the biggest single
pieces of research conducted into the issue, its results
were eagerly awaited by the medical world and lobby
groups. But instead of being released with a fanfare,
they were summarized in three short paragraphs and
buried in a bulky WHO internal document.
(adapted from “The Economist”, March 98)
354. Which of the statements below is confirmed
by the text?
a) passive smoking is the main cause of cancer.
b) the WHO is yielding to political pressures.
c) non-smokers must not work with smokers.
d) smoking is being abolished by the WHO.
355. The results of the research in case were …
a) summarized by the medical society.
b) only published in an internal document.
c) ignored by the lobby groups.
d) published in full details.
e) the most important medical findings ever.
356. According to the text, the World Health
Organization (WHO) has …
a) eradicated smallpox.
b) created mass vaccination.
c) eradicated countless diseases.
d) wiped out aids.
e) eradicated measles.
357. The text states that in recent weeks, the
reputation of the WHO has been …
a) internationally recognized.
b) heavily criticized.
c) attacked by Rodolfo Saracci.
d) recognized by the medical society.
e) eradicated by influential politicians.
358. According to the text, political pressures …
a) have been influencing the WHO.
b) must at last influence the WHO.
c) are welcome within the medical world.
d) improve the quality of medical surveys.
e) contribute to the good reputation of the WHO.
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 25
NEW WAYS TO WORK
(FISCAL DO TRABALHO 1998)
Six-month long vacations? Factories and offices
designed by employees themselves? There are just a
few of the innovations now being tried by business firms
in Europe and the United States to combat the
increasing dissatisfaction of employees at every level
with the quality of their working lives, despite higher
salaries, more attractive fringe benefits, and
improvements in on-the-job safety and comfort. In
addition to the widely reported boredom of the assembly
line, a growing number of white-collar workers see
themselves as conscripted into a slave army of paper
pusher. Such long-sought benefits as the five-day, forty-
hour, the fixed vacation, and the standard length of
service pay rise are no longer enough to compensate
many industrial and office workers for the drabness,
lack of recognition, impersonality and apparent
pointlessness of their jobs.
(adapted from the book “Words you Need” )
359. A few innovations are being tried in Europe
and the USA in order to …
a) increase dissatisfaction of employees.
b) demotivate unqualified employees.
c) combat over-qualified employees.
d) avoid high productivity.
fe) ight dissatisfaction of employees.
360. The text states that higher salaries …
a) solve the problem of dissatisfaction.
b) result in job dissatisfaction.
c) provoke the problem of job dissatisfaction.
d) do not always solve the problem of dissatisfaction.
e) contribute to the problem of job dissatisfaction.
361. The white-collar workers find their jobs …
a) rewarding
b) exciting
c) motivating
d) restricted
e) underpaid
362. According to the author, lack of recognition …
a) motivates the employee’s professional growth.
b) is the only reason for professional dissatisfaction.
c) enables the employee to produce even more.
d) surely improves the employee’s performance.
e) is one of the reasons for professional dissatisfaction.
363. According to text, improvements in on-the-job
safety and comfort have …
a) been implemented by labor officials.
b) somehow reduced job satisfaction.
c) not been sufficient to increase job satisfaction.
26 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
d) resulted in higher levels of productivity..
e) played an essential role in the employee’s motivation.
A NEW BUDGET SYSTEM
In 1989, the Brazilian city of Porto Alegre came up with
a radical solution to its major problems of
unaccountability and extreme poverty: a participative
budget. For the last decade, the people of the city have
been deciding how the budget for public works should
be allocated. Neighbourhood groups propose projects,
and people from community groups and non-profit
organisations who have been electted by their
neighbours, decide which projects will go ahead.
In some cases, the community delegates also oversee
implementation of the final projects. This has had the
triple result of avoiding corruption and mishandling
funds, improving concrete matters on the ground, and
increasing democratic participation in the process by a
huge amount.
364. According to the text, Porto Alegre’s budget
system is …
a) globalized
b) conservative
c) innovative
d) traditonal
e) governamental
365. According to the author, the community
delegates …
a) have devised a new budget system.
b) may supervise the execution of final projects.
c) cannot decide how to allocate the city’s budget.
d) are in charge of implementing final projects.
e) steer the country’s budget system.
366). The participative budget …
a) concerns the allocation of funds.
b) prevents democratic participation.
c) tends to increase levels of taxation.
d) reflects governmental decisions.
e) has increased corruption levels
RUSSIA’S PROMISING FUTURE (Inspetor CVM
2001)
Major political developments have been taking place in
Russia since the early resignation of President Boris
Yeltsin.
Andrew Hunt, economist at Dresdner RCM, says the
present leader Putin – a former KGB agent – is seen as
someone who can get taxes collected and close the
budget deficit.
Central de Concursos
“The markets are excited and believe Putin can bring
about changes, which can make Russia’s economy
function properly.”
The ASP General, the stock market index in Russia,
grew by 350% last year.
“We will see the stabilization of the financial situation in
Russia, which has had a problem with tax collection,
but this will improve and lead to a reduction in interest
rates, which were at 50% at the beginning of 2000. If
inflation comes down to 25%, interest rates will come
down to 15% within the next six months.
367. What does the verb close mean concerning the
budget deficit?
a) Increasing it.
b) Bringing it to an end.
c) Financing it.
d) Rolling it over.
e) Forgiving it.
368. Translate the following sentence into
Portuguese.
“The stockmarket index in Russia grew by 350%
last year.”
a) O índice da bolsa da Rússia crescerá em 350% no
próximo ano.”
b) O índice da bolsa da Rússia cresce em 350% a cada
ano.”
c) O índice da bolsa da Rússia cresceu em 350% no
ano passado.”
d) O índice da bolsa da Rússia excedeu os 350% no
ano passado.”
e) O índice da bolsa da Rússia diminui 350% no ano
passado.”
369. Which aspect of the Russian economy is not
mentioned in the text?
a) Taxes.
b) Interest rates.
c) Stockmarket index.
d) Budget deficit.
e) Mergers.
370. According to the text, Boris Yeltsin …
a) became too ill to go on ruling Russia.
b) was suddenly overthrown by Vladimir Putin.
c) intervened swiftly in the Russian economy.
d) was interviewed by a former KGB agent.
e) was replaced as leader by Vladimir Putin.
371. “Putin can bring about changes.
Concerning the change, the underlined phrasal verb
means:
a) Extend it.
b) Forbid it.
c) Control it.
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d) Cause it to happen.
e) Postpone it.
THE POLITICS OF ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM
Most countries of Latin America stabilized and opened
their economies in the first generation of market oriented
reforms in the 1980s and early 1990s. Now they face a
much more costly and protracted task of rebuilding state
capacity to deliver social services regulate the economy,
avoid recurrent fiscal crises, and improve the overall
functioning of government. Why have some countries
progressed further on administrative reform than other
countries?
Administrative reform usually starts with small groups
of reformers within the executive branch.
Among factors that facilitate reform are: balance of
payments and fiscal crises, middle class and rural
support, and the effective packaging of reform initiatives.
Contrary to much of the literature, the nature of the party
system (cohesion, discipline and parity) does not explain
much of the variation in reform experiences.
372. The author states that …
a) Latin American countries have restructured their
economies.
b) North American countries were poised to perform
administrative changes.
c) South American countries have been able to stabilize
their economies.
d) Not all the Latin American economies have become
stable.
e) Latin American economies have surpassed market
leaders.
373. According to the text, reform experiences
consist of …
a) predictable standards.
b) known trends.
c) technological trends.
d) unsurmountable obstacles.
e) different qualities.
HIGH LEVEL OF PROTECTIONISM (AFRF 2002)
As a member of the Southern Cone Common Market
(MERCOSUR), Argentina maintains relatively low trade
barriers with Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay but applies
a high tariff on all goods and services coming into
Argentina from countries outside MERCOSUR. This
year, the common external tariff rate for MERCOSUR
is 13.5 percent. Because the common external tariff
rate is applied to most of the world’s countries,
Argentina’s average tariff rate is 13.5 percent this year,
up from 7.5 percent last year. As a result, its trade policy
score is 1 point worse this year. In an effort to stimulate
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 27
the economy, MERCOSUR has allowed Argentina to
raise tariffs on consumer goods, in some cases up to
35 percent, while eliminating tariffs on capital goods.
Argentina maintains some non-tariff barriers, such as
quotas on automobiles.
According to the U.S. Department of State, “Customs
procedures are opaque and time-consuming, thus
raising the cost for importers”.
374. According to the text, Argentina …
a) intends to become a member of theMERCOSUR.
b) has exempted Brazil from paying tariffs on itsgoods.
c) might soon implement some aggressivemarket
reforms.
d) has been given a lower score in relation to itstrade
policy.
e) has kept low trade barriers with the American
countries.
375. Argentina’s customs procedures are
considered by the U.S. Department of State as …
a) sluggish and transparent.
b) transparent, but obsolete.
c) obscure and sluggish.
d) innovative, but time-consuming.
e) both well-defined and efficient.
376. In the main, the text deals with …
a) Argentina’s wages and prices.
b) Argentina’s trade policy.
c) Paraguay’s high fiscal deficit.
d) Brazil’s financial institutions.
e) Brazil’s regulation score.
As questões 377 a 378 referem-se ao texto a seguir.
Take a tiny, open ex-peasant economy. Place it next
door to a much larger one, from which it broke away
with great bitterness barely a lifetime ago. Infuse it with
a passionate desire to enjoy the same lifestyle of its
former masters, but without the same industrial heritage
or natural resources. Inevitable result: extravagance,
frustration, debt. Ireland today is bravely facing up to
the consequence of a decade of borrowing to pay for
better public services than its wealth justified. Its citizens,
many of whom have already endured six years of
stagnant real incomes, are just beginning to come to
terms with the extent to which the country has to change,
if long-term growth to be secured.
Ireland is easily the poorest country in rich north-west
Europe. Its gross domestic product is a mere 64% of
the European Community average. Yet in the middle
1970s it set out to build a welfare state as generous as
Britain’s.
(The Economist)
28 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
377. According to the text, …
a) Ireland is relatively independent from a larger next
door economy.
b) Ireland’s desire for a richer lifestyle was responsible
for the country’s current economic boom.
c) Ireland’s current problems actually began in the mid-
1970s.
d) Ireland’s economy is still exclusively peasant.
e) Ireland has an industrial heritage which depends on
the country’s natural resources.
378. Segundo o texto, a Irlanda …
a) é o país mais pobre do norte da Europa.
b) é o país mais pobre da parte mais rica da Europa.
c) apresenta um produto bruto maior que a média da
Comunidade Européia.
d) apresenta um produto bruto abaixo da média da
Comunidade Européia.
e) conseguiu, nos anos 70, equiparar-se à Grã-Bretanha
em termos econômicos.
Read the text below in order to answer
TEXT LI-I – QUESTION 379 and 380
PETROBRAS was founded in OCTOBER OF 1953 to
operate in the Brazilian oil sector. Over more than
decades the company has become the country’s leader
in the distribution of oil products and is now
internationally acknowledged as one dos the largest
twenty major oil companies in the world today, leading
the sector in the implementation of the most advanced
deep water technology, for oil production – a field where
it was awarded the OFFSHORE TECNOLOGY
COMPANY (OTC) prize in 1992.
IN 1997, Brazil became part of the select group of 16
nations that produces more than 1 million barrels per
day.
No doubt that behind PETROBRAS’ success there is
to be seen the capability of all units throughout the
national territory – refineries, production and exploration
areas, pipelines, terminals, regional management,
coupled with the fact that PETROBRAS has the largest
fleet of oil tankers in the Southern Hemisphere.
In 1997, law N. 9.478 marked the introduction of a new
phase in the Brazilian oil industry. Keeping pace with
the changes in national and international scenarios.
PETROBRAS gets ready for the new era of free
competition.
379. As stated in text LI-I, PETROBRAS:
a) Has been operating for exactly forty years.
b) Has been leading world oil production for more that
four decades.
c) Is larger than the twenty largest oil companies
d) Got the otc prize in the middle of the 90’S
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e) Is one of the world leaders in the implementation of
deep-water technology.
380. According to text LI-I, evaluate the items below.
I- In 1997, only sixteen nations produced more than
1.000.000 oil barrels a day.
II- In 1997, PETROBRAS increasead its oil
production.
III- All PETROBRAS units are found out of the
national territory.
IV- PETROBRAS success is doubtful.
V- The number of PETROBRAS’S oil tankers exceds
that of any other company in the world.
The total number of correct items equals to:
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 5
TEXT LI – II - QUESTIONS 381 TO 383
PETROBRAS pioneered the petroleum industry in
BRAZIL and therefore, had to face difficulties caused
by the lack of adequate infrastructure and technology.
In the 50’S and 60’S when petroleum began to be
worked in the country it became necessary for
PETROBRAS to build its first refineries.
Brazilian industry was then backward, PETROBRAS
having thus played its role fostering the growth thereof.
In those days due to the need to provide the country
with a suitable infrastructure the government chose to
adopt the replacement of imports and to encourage
foreign companies to set up in BRAZIL.
Early in the 80’S this model was substituted at
PETROBRAS by the Nationalization Model. In addition
to replacing importation of essential items, this system
sought to find new suppliers and vest upon the company
such powers as requires to make its own decisions
regarding the technological and industrial aspects of
the oil business.
The demand for highly sophisticated equipment was
ever-growing particularly where oil and gas had to be
extracted from ever deeper waters, a situation for which
sometimes there were no techniques available
anywhere in the world.
At the end the 80’S, with the enactment of laws aimed
at modernizing Brazilian industry as a whole and
rendering it more competitive, means were provided to
foster technological development.
By this time home market was capable to meet 94% of
PETROBRAS requirements.
381. In relation to text LI-II, judge the items below.
I- There wasn’t any other petroleum industry in
Brazil before PETROBRAS.
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II- Difficulties faced by PETROBRAS had to do with
the absence of infrastructure and techonology.
III- During some time PETROBRAS did not have any
refinery.
IV- In the 50’S and 60’S Brazilian industry was able
to cope with PETROBRAS’S needs.
V- PETROBRAS couldn’t promote its development
because of Brazilian industrial condition.
The only true items are:
a) I,II and III
b) I,II and V
c) I,III and IV
d) II,IV and V
e) III,IV and V.
382. As presented in text LI-II, choose the correct
alternative:
a) Never has the Brazilian government motivated
foreign companies to establish their activities in Brazil
b) In the 80’S there was no available equipment to
extract oil and gas from deep waters.
c) In the 80’S PETROBRAS changed its nationalistic
policy
d) With the early 80’s model PETROBRAS looked for
different suppliers and provided a substitute for
importation of some indispensable items.
e) A little before the 90’s most of PETROBRAS’s needs
could not be found in the local market
383. In the text LI-II,
I - “then” is the same at that time
II - “its” (L8) refers back to “Brazilian industry” (L7).
III – “chose” (L12) can be correctly replaced by opt
IV - “foreign” (L13) is synonymous with strange.
V - “vest upon” (L17) is the same as gave.
The only true are:
a) I and II
b) I and V
c) II and III
d) I,IV and V.
e) III,III and IV.
TEXT LI – QUESTIONS 384 through 387
International Finance Corporation (IFC) offers a wide
variety of financial products to private sector projects in
developing countries.
A company or entrepreneur, foreign or domestic,
seeking to establish a new venture or expand an
existing enterprise can approach IFC directly by
submitting an Investment Proposal. After this initial
contact and a preliminary review, IFC may proceed by
requesting a detailed feasibility study or business plan
to determine whether or not to appraise the project.
The proposal can be submitted to an IFC industry sector
department or to a n IFC regional department at IFC
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 29
headquarters in WASHINGTON, DC. The proposal can
also be submitted to the IFC field office that is closest
to the location of the proposed project.
Although IFC is primarily a financier of private sector
projects, it may provide finance for a company with
some government ownership, provided there is private
sector participation and the venture is run on a
commercial basis. Although IFC does not accept
government guarantees for its financing, IFC’S work
often requires close cooperation with government
agencies in developing countries.
384. According to text LI, IFC …
a) Finances the products
b) Works with any country over the world
c) Deals with private institutions
d) Provides money for companies at home and abroad
e) Works at least with two types of investments: for an
enterprise in expansion and for a new venture.
385. From text LI, it can be inferred that …
a) An investment proposal is required whenever a
foreign company wants IFC finance.
b) After a detailed study of the feasibility plan is
submitted, the project is immediately approved.
c) There are IFC regional departments in Washington.
d) Only industries can apply for IFC financing.
e) IFC has local branches.
386. From text LI, it can be gathered that …
a) IFC is a non-profit company.
b) National government guarantee IFC’S acceptance
of projects.
c) In developing countries , local government agencies
frequently participate in IFC’S work.
d) Public institutions, as such, cannot raise finance for
their projects.
e) Private enterprise can support public institutions to
borrow money from IFC.
387. In text LI, …
a) “wide” is the opposite of narrow.
b) “submitted” is synonymous with avoid.
c) “closest” is the same as nearest.
d) “provided” is the past to provide.
e) The world “venture” can be defined as a plan of action,
which involves risk or uncertainty.
Read the text below in order to answer questions
388 to 390:
THE WORLD’S THREE LARGEST ECONOMIES
ARE LIMPING. EMERGING MARKETS ARE
DRIFTING INTO FINANCIAL CRISIS.
Emerson: Are we sliding into global recession?
30 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
Hormats: The risk is growing, but we are not there yet.
Almost every economy on the globe is slowing down.
We haven’t seen this kind of Sharp, synchronized
downturn for years.
E: Is this the dark side of globalization?
H: You could say that. With the rapid increase in global
trade and investment flows, growth in one country has
a greater probability of contributing to growth in others.
But the reverse is also true. When the world’s largest
economy experiences a sharp drop, that inevitably drags
down others.
E: There are twin worries now: global recession and
financial contagion in emerging markets. Is this more
dangerous than the financial contagion of 1997-1998?
H: In 1997, a financial crisis in emerging markets led to
recession in those economies. But most were able to
export their way out because the US na Europe were
growing. Now all major economies are slowing down,
as Argentina and Turkey are facing financial crisis. So
yes, this situation is more dangerous for them. Even
for the industrialized countries there is no locomotive.
Countries cannot count on restoring growth by exporting
a lot more to one another.
388. According to the text, …
a) A slowdown in the US economy does not affect the
global economy.
b) The three largest economies are insulated from this
global downturn.
c) The economies of the world are closely linked and
interdependent.
d) Globalization prevents financial contagion and global
recession.
e) Emerging countries have constantly had the foresight
to cut taxes.
389. The headline of the article states that “The
world’s three largest economies are limping”, which
means they are …
a) Currently experiencing difficulties.
b) Exporting to emerging markets.
c) Finfing domestic solutions.
d) Underpinning global growth.
e) Experiencing a high-tech investment boom.
390. According to the interviewee, …
a) Emerging countries are the ones which steer global
economy.
b) Argentina and Turkey have restored their internal
growth.
c) Europe has remained insulated from the actual global
downturn.
d) Globalization has both its advantages and its
drawbacks.
Central de Concursos
e) The threat of financial contagion has been overcome.
Read the text below in order to answer questions
391 to 393:
FED STEERS US RATES LOWER BY QUARTER
POINT
The US Federal Reserve last night demonstrated its
determination to steer the American economy away
from recession when it cut its key interest rate for the
seventh time this year and signalled that borrowing costs
could fall again.
The Fed announced it was cutting its funds rate by a
quarter of a point to 3.5 per cent, its lowest for seven
years, and also reduced its largest symbolic discount
rate. The discount rate fell a quarter of a point to 3 per
cent, matching lows seen in the early 1990’s.
In a statement released alongside the rate decision,
the Fed reiterated its so-called “easing bias”, a signal
that rates are more likely to fall than rise, saying that
the risks to the US economy remained “weighted mainly
toward economic weakness”.
The Fed said: “Business profits and capital spending
continue to weaken and growth abroad is slowing,
weighing on the US economy”.
391. According to the text, the US Federal Reserve,
…
a) Might reduce its interest rate for the 7th time.
b) Has been cutting its interest rate 7 times a year.
c) Has been trying to guide the US economy towards
recession.
d) May soon announce its willingness to reduce interest
rates.
e) Has decided to reduce its interest rates.
392. According to the author, such lows in the
interest rates, …
a) Have occurred before.
b) Have weakened the world’s economy.
c) Are likely to cause global recession.
d) Might resolve Europe’s recession.
e) Have underpinned global growth.
393. In connection with recession in the American
economy, the aim of the Fed is to, …
a) Sustain it.
b) Bide its time
c) Avert it.
d) Restore it.
e) Interpret it.
Read the text below in order to answer questions
394 to 397
Central de Concursos
SHOCKS TO THE SYSTEM
(Analista do Banco Central 2001)
At the start of the year, it was not uncommon to hear
businessmen saying that Brazil was enjoying its best
economic conditions for a generation. The country
appeared to be well on the way to period of sustained
economic expansion. Most economists were looking to
another strong year growth, with Gross domestic
product expanding by 4.5 per cent in 2001, on top of 4
per cent in 2000. Real interest rates were about to fall
to single digits for the first time in decades.
However, within just a few months, the outlook for the
Brazilian economy has deteriorated dramatically. A
whole series of unexpected factors are to blame. “We
have been confronted by a series of shocks”, admits
Armínio Fraga, president of the central bank.
The main cause of this turnaround has been well known
for several years that Brazil ran the risk of power
shortages because the expansion of capacity was not
accompanying growth in demand, leaving the reservoirs
that fuel the power stations precariously low. Yet, even
with so much advance warning, the introduction of
rationing still came as a surprise.
394. The text suggests that businessmen, …
a) Have succeeded in importing foreign energy.
b) Have remained optimistic up until now.
c) Are to blame for the energy crisis.
d) Have been accompanying the steady Brazilian
growth.
e) Expressed their optimism concerning Brazil’s
economy.
395. Concerning the Brazilian economy, the year
2001 has been, …
a) Disappointing.
b) Predictable.
c) Invaluable.
d) Satisfactory.
e) Profitable.
396. Which aspect is not mentioned in the text?
a) Power shortages.
b) Environmental impact.
c) Rationing
d) Economic expansion.
e) Gross domestic product.
397. According to the text, …
a) The energy crisis made interest rates decrease.
b) The president of the central bank predicted the crisis.
c) Brazil was able to avert the energy crisis.
d) More than one element affected Brazil’s economy.
e) Advance warning could have avoided the crisis.
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 31
AUDITOR JÚNIOR (Prefeitura)
Text LI-I question 398 through 400
There are 34 sedimentary basins within the territory of
Brazil, covering an area of 6,5 million square kilometers.
Oil production had started from the country’s
northeastern onshore basins in the forties, being
followed by first offshore production in 1968, which
supported exploration efforts all along the eastern coast
of Brazil.
In 1974, the discovery well of the Garoupa field in the
Campos Basin, offshore state of Rio de Janeiro, marked
a significant turning point in the history of PETROBRAS,
as this would become the most prolific oil producing
area in the country. In the mid-eighties, giant deepwater
fields were discovered in the Campos Basin, justifying
heavy investments in technical studies and R&D projects
to develop drilling techniques and production technology
to bring this deep oil on stream. In 1991, oil flowed from
the subsea completed well in 721 m water depth, in the
Marlin field.
398. Based on text LI-I, it can be concluded that in
Brazil …
a) Sedimentary basins can be found throughout two
Brazilian regions.
b) Oil production first began in the north.
c) Oil production started five decades ago.
d) The first onshore production took place in the eastern
coast.
e) Eastern coast oil has been exploited for nearly forty
years.
399. According to text LI-I, choose the incorrect
option.
a) Campos basin is the most productive area in Brazil.
b) Huge deepwater fields were found about 1985.
c) Garoupa would become as prolific as northeastern
basins.
d) Campos basin demands new technologies for drilling
and production.
e) In the early 90s, deep oil stream flowed to the
superface in the Marlin field
400. In text LI-I …
I- “within” is the opposite of without.
II- “had started” can be correctly replaced by has
stared.
III- “all along” means in different directions.
IV- “turning point” is the same as the time at which
the situation started to change.
V- “drilling” is related to machines.
The only true items are:
a) I and III.
b) I and V.
32 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
c) II and III.
d) II and IV.
e) IV and V.
THE GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE IN THE USA
The General Accounting Office is the investigative
arm of Congress. GAO exists to support the Congress
in meeting its Constitutional responsibilities and to help
improve the performance and accountability of the
federal government for the American people. GAO is
dedicated to good government through its commitment
to the core values of accountability, integrity, and
reliability.
Accountability describes the nature of GAO’s work.
GAO helps the Congress oversee federal programs and
operations to ensure accountability to the American
people. GAO’s analysts, auditors, lawyers, economists,
information technology specialists, investigators, and
other multidisciplinary professionals seek to enhance
the economy, efficiency, effectiveness, and credibility
of the federal government both in fact and in the eyes
of the American people. GAO accomplishes its mission
through a variety of activities, including financial audits,
program reviews, investigations, legal support, and
program analyses.
Integrity describes the high standards that GAO sets
for itself in the conduct of its work. GAO takes a
professional, objective, fact-based, non-partisan, non-
ideological, fair, and balanced approach to all of its
activities. Integrity is the foundation of reputation, and
GAO’s approach to its work assures both.
Reliability describes GAO’s goal for how its work is
viewed by the Congress and the American public. GAO
produces high quality reports, testimony, briefings, legal
opinions, and other products and services that are
timely, accurate, useful, clear and candid.
(From http://www.gao.gov).
401. According to the text, GAO is an agency of …
a) the American legal system.
b) the US National Congress.
c) an American state government
d) the executive branch of the USA.
e) The American Constitutional court.
402. The text says that the three essential aims of
GAO require it to be …
a) transparent, honest and dependable.
b) credible, secretive and competent.
c) able to make good reports, integral and trustworthy.
d) open, professionally clueless and effective.
e) uncritical, honorable and independent.
403. The people who work for the GAO are usually …
a) lawyers, capable of carrying out a wide range of tasks.
Central de Concursos
b) auditors, capable of analyzing out a wide range of
tasks.
c) people from many professions, working in specialized
areas.
d) well-disciplined volunteers from several skilled
professions.
e) special investigators hired for the occasion by the
executive.
404. In the final analysis, the information provided
by GAO is …
a) only for the political party in power.
b) about the president of the United States.
c) based on secret intelligence activities.
d) intended for the people of the USA.
e) seldom able to meet its code of ethics.
405. The last paragraph points out that the products
and services produced by GAO must …
a) give a broad overview of the topic in hand.
b) avoid giving offense to anybody involved.
c) use the technical terms appropriate to each task.
d) be meticulous, clear and punctually produced.
e) always be kept strictly out of the public eye.
406. Which of the following would NOT be an
appropriate task for GAO?
a) auditing the work of a government department.
b) providing evidence for a congressional inquiry.
c) giving an opinion on a technical point of law.
d) producing a report on a topic of interest to Congress.
e) organizing a political party broadcast on television.
Text LI – questions 407 though 410
PETROBRAS Fuels Marketing Management sells the
following products: gasoline, diesel oil, kerosene, fuel
oils, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or kitchen gas.
The marketing of the these products is regulated by
specific government directives from the
National Department of Oil and Oil Products (DNC) -
Directive No. 25 of 6/8/94, for the first three, and
Directive No. 843 of 10/31/90, for the last one.
These directives define the rules and regulations for
companies incorporated in accordance with Brazilian
laws involved in the distribution of these products.
The amounts of these products that can be acquired by
distributors from PETROBRAS are subject to control
by the DNC, taking into account the storage capacity of
each distributor.
These amounts must be submitted by the distributors
for approval, at least two days prior to the monthly
meeting held specifically to monitor the marketing of
fuels (pursuant to the meeting schedule). Each
distributor should consider expected levels of demand
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for gasoline, diesel oil, kerosene and fuel oils over a
period of three months, or four months, for LPG.
After having been submitted, the quantities – or orders,
as they are known – have limited variation bands
attached to them, indicating a maximum and minimum
demand for the subsequent months. The monthly
product order becomes each distributor’s usable quota,
inasmuch as PETROBRAS makes the quantity ordered
available. However, these orders can be altered at the
request of the distributor, after a review by either the
DNC and/or PETROBRAS.
These product orders are sent to the company’s supply
sector, which analyses them and sends on the requests
to PETROBRAS regional divisions throughout Brazil
responsible for delivery to the distributors. Similarly,
changes to orders, such as additional orders,
reductions, transfers or anticipated delivery can also
be analysed by the area, according to the regions in
which each distributor operates.
407. According to text LI, which of the following
items is not true.
a) Fuel product sales follow federal regulations.
b) Directive No. 25 dates back to August 94.
c) LPG marketing directives was set up thirteen years
ago.
d) Regulations on fuel oil sales are made explicit in
the text.
e) Each directive from DNC regulates exactly one oil
product.
408. It can be gathered from text LI that …
a) The DNC keeps a record of the amounts of the
products bought.
b) The quantity of PETROBRAS products sold
depends only on the amount distributors can sell.
c) Meetings to approve amounts to be distributed
take place for two days every month.
d) Monthly meetings follow a certain calendar.
e) Demands for all PETROBRAS products should be
based on a four months’ expectation.
409. According to text LI, which of the following
items is true.
a) After having been submitted, new orders to come
will have fixed quantities.
b) Petrol distribution is based on a three months’
expectation.
c) Once a usable quota is settled, its amount remains
unchanged.
d) Only the DNC can review previous quota.
e) Additional orders follow a regional criterion.
410. In text LI, …
a) “last” can be correctly replaced by least.
b) “taking into account” is the same as taking into
consideration.
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 33
c) “prior to” means earlier than.
d) “over” can be correctly replaced by above.
e) “inasmuch” is the same as to as much as.
THE LATIN AMERICAN ECONOMIES (Banco
Central)
For decades, the economies of Latin America were
heavily protected. Government ownership of industry
was widespread. Foreign investment was minimal. The
theory was that to end dependence on basic
commodities (coffee, sugar, copper), industries had to
be protected against bigger – usually U.S. – companies.
Nationalism and economics made a marriage of
convenience.
But beginning of the 1980s, Latin governments changed,
because economic performance was dismal and Asia’s
example was instructive. The phrase “Washington
consensus” was soon coined by economist John
Williamson of the Institute for International Economics
to denote the policies that the U.S. government and
Washington-based institutions (the World Bank, the
International Monetary Fund) were advocating: lower
tariffs, higher foreign investment, tighter budgets, less
inflation.
Brazil exemplified the shift. In 1985, tariffs averaged
80 percent; by 2000, they were 15 percent.
Privatization of nationalized companies exploded;
from 1996 to 2001, Brazil received nearly $150 billion
in foreign direct investment. As The Economist notes,
the changes have benefited Brazil. Hyperinflation
(exceeding 1,000 percent annually) was conquered.
But there was no permanent boom, and since 1999,
the economy has slowed.
411. According to the author, Latin America’s
economic situation …
a) Served as a model for the Asian countries.
b) Has shown no significant shift since 1980.
c) Was poor in the 1980s, thus requiring change.
d) Should not have been influenced by the World Bank.
e) Has not shown any significamt change.
412. The text mentions …
a) A set of policies derived from certain institutions.
b) The recent urge to raise international tariffs.
c) Argentina’s economic and social turmoil
d) Asia’s lack of trade with the Latin America region.
e) The lack of economic changes in South America.
413. According to the text, Brazil …
a) Symbolizes the refusal to promote economic
changes.
b) Has been unable to fight inflation.
c) Has rejected the free-market model.
d) Became dependent on Asian investments.
34 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês Central de Concursos

e) Has promoted economic renewal within its borders. b) Study.

c) Web.
414. The author says that hiperinflation was d) Slowdown.
conquered, which means it …
a) Ought to be controlled. 420. “If they can’t meet _____ goals, they should
b) Was controlled. blame______, not ______.”
c) Was achieved. The words which best complete the passage are,
d) Must have been foreseen. respectively:
e) Might have been avoided. a) Their – themselves – us.
b) Their – theirselves – ours.
415. In the main, the text deals with … c) Them – themselves – ourselves.
a) The North-American countries. d) Them – theirselves – ourselves.
b) The Asian policies in the world.
c) The undeniable Brazilian nationalism. 421. “Candidates are expected to live in France, so
d) Economic shifts in Latin America. they can apply for the job _____ they prove they
e) The unchanged economic scenario. can speak French.”
The expression or word which best completes the
VAMOS FAZER MAIS UMA PAUSA E RESOLVER passage is:
ALGUNS EXERCÍCIOS QUE ABORDAM UM POUCO a) Only if.
DE GRAMÁTICA E VOCABULÁRIO b) But.
c) However.
416. IN SPITE OF A DROP IN INVESTMENT IN THE d) Despite.
TECHNOLOGICAL AREA, skillful web designers
are still eagerly looked for. 422. In the sentence, UNLESS YOU HAVE A
The clause “In spite of a drop in investment in the PASSWORD means approximately:
technological area” could be replaced by: a) Because you have a password.
a) Although there was a drop in investment in the b) Once you have a password.
technological area. c) If you don’t have a password.
b) Since there was a drop in investment in the d) Provided you have a password.
technological area.
c) However there was a drop in investment in the 423. In the passage, “PUT OFF” means
technological area. approximately:
d) As there was a drop in investment in the technological “The delivery of those computer parts has been put
area. off another week.”
a) Postponed.
417. If they _____ us beforehand, we ______ the b) Anticipated
necessary measures. Now it is too late. c) Inacreased
Choose the verbs which best complete the passage d) Improved
above:
a) Have warned – will take. 424. Traduza as seguintes sentenças. Confira com
b) Had warned – will have taken. o gabarito.
c) Have warned – have taken. a) … would have to be reformulated by the three
{
d) Had warned – would have taken.
___________________________________________
418. The sentence “The security system has not branches of the government
{

been tested so far” means approximately:

a) Nobody has tested the security system so far. _________________________________________
b) Nothing has been tested by the security system so
far. b) …have been monitored by public
c) No security system has been tested so far.
d) None of the security systems has been tested so far. __________________________________________________________________________________

419. In the passage “This study on business on the and private servants
web – which has just been released – points to a
marked slowdown in the sector” WHICH refers to: __________________________________
a) Business.
Central de Concursos
425. Dê uma olhada no texto “A HISTORY OF
TAXATION” que foi apresentado para as questões
102, 103 e 104. De acordo com o texto, ...
a) portoria were Roman products which were exempted
from taxing
b) sales taxes could be refunded as soon as a war was
over
c) in Ancient Greece, citizens of other nationalities were
not exempted from taxes
d) wartime expenditures were not financed by taxes in
ancient civilizations
e) the Egyptian Pharaohs did not impose levies on their
citizens throughout history
BEM, VAMOS VOLTAR A DAR UMA OLHADA EM
UMA DICA QUE FOI APRESENTADA NA APOSTILA
DE INGLÊS DA CENTRAL DE CONCURSOS, MAIS
PRECISAMENTE NO ITEM 21. ELA SERÁ
REPRODUZIDA A SEGUIR. DEPOIS DE LER A
EXPLICAÇÃO A SEGUIR, DÊ A TRADUÇÃO DE
ALGUNS VERBOS E SUBSTANTIVOS.
CURIOSIDADES DO MARAVILHOSO MUNDO DO
INGLÊS
Nos textos que você leu até agora, bem como nos
próximos, você se deparará com algumas curiosidades
do maravilhoso mundo do inglês.
Olhe as palavras a seguir:
MILK Muito provavelmente, as palavras
WATER ao lado são bem conhecidas. São
RADIO substantivos que aprendemos des-
TELEPHONE de as nossas primeiras lições de In-
LOVE glês.
WORK
Você se surprenderia se eu afirmasse que as palavras
acima mencionadas são verbos, também?
Pois é isso mesmo. Em inglês, muitos substantivos são
utilizados como verbos, também. A seqüência das
palavras, em inglês, segue, basicamente, a mesma
seqüência de palavras em português, ou seja, SUJEITO
+ VERBO + COMPLEMENTO, você deve ficar atento,
pois, talvez, uma palavra que você conheça como
substantivo esteja sendo utilizada como verbo ou vice
e versa.
Não se assuste em ver verbos como os que foram
apresentados acima, pois são muito comuns e TÊM
ESTADO CADA VEZ MAIS PRESENTES EM
CONCURSOS PÚBLICOS.
Os verbos que ilustram o início da explicação são
traduzidos da seguinte forma:
TO MILK = ordenhar
TO WATER = aguar, regar
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 35
TO RADIO = passar uma mensagem via rádio (em
um barco)
TO TELEPHONE = telefonar
TO LOVE = amar
TO WORK = trabalhar
426. A seguir voce terá uma lista de verbos que
freqüentemente, aparecem em textos de provas
oficiais. Tais palavras são, tanto verbos quanto
substantivos.
VERBO SUBSTANTIVO
TO CHANGE = trocar, mudar _________________
TO CUT = cortar ___________________________
TO DOCUMENT = documentar _________________
TO DROP = cair, despencar __________________
TO FACE = encarar, deparar-se ________________
TO FALL = cair ___________________________
TO INCREASE = aumentar ___________________
TO MISUSE = mal utilizar, usar mal ____________
TO PRICE = precificar _______________________
TO RAISE = aumentar ______________________
TO REACH = alcançar ______________________
TO RISE = aumentar, subir ___________________
TO SHIFT = trocar, mudar ____________________
TO SUPPORT = sustentar, apoiar _____________
TO TAX = tributar __________________________
TO TERM = denominar, chamar de ____________
TO USE = usar, utilizar ______________________
427. On October 11, 2001, ___________ Ronald
Reagan became __________ ex-president in U.S.
history.
a) 90-year-old / the older
b) 90-years-old / the oldest
c) 90-years-old / the older
d) 90-year-old / the oldest
e) 90-year’s old / the older
428. Qual a versão correta para a seguinte frase:
“Foi uma pena que eles não puderam investir todo
o dinheiro”
a) It was a pity you could not invest all the money.
b) It was a pity you can not invest all the money.
c) It was a pity you must not invest all the money.
d) It was a pity you did not can not invest all the money.
429. Complete as lacunas: _____________________
executives at the company speak _______________
English.
a) Fews - some
b) The few - something
c) A few - anybody
d) Few - some
36 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
430. Qual a pergunta mais adequada para termos a
seguinte resposta: “I checked some data on the
computer screen.
a) Where did you do yesterday?
b) What do you did yesterday?
c) Where did you do yesterday?
d) What did you do yesterday?
431. A resposta para a pergunta “Have you ever
invested at the stock exchange?
a) Yes, I haven’t
b) No, I didn’t
c) No, I have
d) No, I haven’t
432. Complete a lacuna. “The director wants the
reports. Give ______ to ______.
a) them - him
b) their - he
c) it - him
d) it - he
433. A sentença com a preposição correta é:
a) I start work at 8 o’clock
b) I have studied English for 1983.
c) I went at the movies yesterday.
d) Let’s go to abroad.
434. A voz passiva de “The Congress will approve
some new laws.”:
a) Some new laws will approve by the Congress.
b) Some new laws will be approve by the Congress.
c) Some new laws are approved by the Congress.
d) Some new laws will be approved by the Congress.
CAPITALISM RECONSIDERED (Banco Central)
Remember the triumph of Anglo-Saxon capitalism? Not
many do. The nations that inspired the late-2oth –century
boom in global trade and profited most greatly form in
advance no longer define its rules. What the radical
individualists of the United States and Britain failed to
recognize was how few poor nations had joined the
global system by the turn of the millennium: two dozen
at best. More than 100 were left out. Now, as more poor
nations join the international trading game, they have
increased their share of world trade by more than half.
They are demanding a greater say in the global system,
led by nations that most opposed the “Americanization”
of global trade and culture: India, China, Brazil.
This new force looks to Europe for inspiration. As a
result, the governors of globalization – the International
Monetary Fund, Worlds Bank and World Trade
Organization – are no longer led by the United States,
but by consensus, similar to the EU (European Union).
The global rules are cracking down on multinationals
Central de Concursos
that order mass layoffs or grow too powerful for local
comfort. Global capitalism is now continental.
435. According to the text, poor nations …
a) Currently influence decisions in relation to global
trade.
b) No longer play a major role within the global trade
context.
c) Have been leading the global trade boom for the last
decade.
d) Will probably participate in the international trade
game.
e) Have slowed the growth of international trade.
436. According to the author, global capitalism …
a) Was born in Asia.
b) Is undergoing changes.
c) Should exclude certain regions.
d) Encourages the monopoly.
e) Was refused by the USA.
437. The text refers to the emerging role played by …
a) The USA along with Asia.
b) India along with the USA.
c) Africa along with the USA.
d) The poor nations as well as by Europe.
e) The USA along with Brazil.
438. According to the text, …
a) Consensus has been achieved since the early 90s.
b) Brazil kept its leading role during the 1980s and
1990s.
c) Rules might have been defined in relation to global
trade.
d) Americanization is unavoidable in the poorest regions.
e) The EU serves as a model within the global trade
context.
439. The text mentions mass layoffs, which means
…
a) The hiring of under-qualified employees.
b) The huge increase of certain trade tariffs.
c) The dismissal of numerous employees.
d) The disregard for environmental issues.
e) The disrespect for local legal requirements.
LOWER INTEREST RATES (Banco Central)
Stock markets rose in expectation of the Federal
Reserve’s half-point cut in interest rates on November
6th to 1.25%, the lowest rate for more than 40 years.
The following day, the European Central Bank (ECB)
and the Bank of England decided not to cut their rates,
but they are still expected to ease next month. However,
investors’ exuberance is odd, for interest rates are
Central de Concursos
coming down because the world economy is in worse
shape than had been hoped.
America’s recovery is stalling, as consumers tighten
their belts. In the euro area, consumer and business
confidence are both on the wane. Although euro-area
inflation is above the 2% ceiling set by the ECB, weak
demand will push inflation down next year. The case
for interest-rate cuts in both America and the euro area
was strong, even though the ECB has not yet moved.
But will rate cuts work ?
440. The text refers to the Federal Reserve’s …
a) Initiative to lower interest rates.
b) Future decision to reduce interest rates.
c) Intention to increase interest rates.
d) 1.25% cut in interest rates.
e) Refusal to decrease interest rates.
441. According to the text, “America’s recovery is
stalling”, which means it is …
a) Exuberant.
b) Amazing.
c) Miraculous.
d) Speedy
e) Delayed.
442. The expression “on the wane” in relation to
consumer and business confidence means it is …
a) Lost.
b) Invigorated.
c) Weakening.
d) Strengthened.
e) Endorsed.
Read the text below in order to answer questions
443 to 446.
THE EUROPEAN MONETARY UNION (AFTN)
On Jan. 1, 1999 the European Monetary Union (EMU)
will come into full-blown existence with 11 countries
adopting a continent wide currency called the euro.
Coins and notes will not be available until Jan. 1, 2002.
Until that time, one can either use the old currencies or
conduct euro transactions electronically, or with checks
or plastic cards. In 2002, EMU countries will use only
the euro as their legal tender, and the Deutsche mark,
French franc, Italian lira et al. will cease to exist.
This new money may finally trigger a Western European
economic renaissance. For years Europe has been an
economic backwater because of excessive taxes and
regulations, onerous labour laws and ludicrously lavish
welfare benefits. No wonder there is little high
technology in lands so inhospitable to freewheeling,
American-style entrepreneurship, or that unemployment
there is more than twice ours.
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 37
443. Which of the items below are positively referred
to in the text?
a) the new legal tender.
b) labor laws.
c) the European taxes.
d) welfare benefits.
e) regulations.
444. According to the author, a Western European
economic renaissance …
a) requires remarkable technological support.
b) is inhospitable to American-style companies.
c) may be at last set off.
d) may trigger higher levels of unemployment.
e) has been achieved over the last years.
445. “For years, Europe has been an economic
backwater”, means that Europe …
a) has been an economic and financial paradise.
b) has been isolated from modern economic ideas and
influences.
c) has been both economically and financially viable.
d) used to be competitive and innovative.
e) has not imposed enough taxes and regulations for
many years.
446. The EMU coins and notes …
a) are already available.
b) will be available on Jan. 1, 1999.
c) will cease to exist on Jan. 1, 2002.
d) are called euro.
e) will not be available until Jan. 1, 2001.
Read the text below in order to answer questions
447 to 449.
TAX-FREE INTEREST
Congress is finally making a move toward school choice.
The Senate approved a bill in April that would allow
family members, charitable groups and employers to
put up to $2,000 per child annually into education
savings accounts that would earn tax-free interest.
Parents could use the funds for expenses related to
elementary and secondary schooling, regardless of
whether their children were in public, private, religious
or home schools. The unused money and interest could
later be rolled over and used for college-related
expenses.
We should not squander this opportunity!
447. According to the author, Congress is at last
contributing to …
a) a free choice of school.
b) tax increases on education.
c) the supremacy of public schools.
38 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês Central de Concursos

d) the revival of family values. c) additional taxes must not be adopted.

e) profits derived from savings accounts. d) audits are an unnecessary practice.
e) audits will soon be abolished.
448. When the author claims that “we should not
squander this opportunity”, he means we … TAXING DEVELOPMENTS
a) must not conceal its effects on tax payers.
b) should not welcome it. Up until 5 April 1999, investors received dividends from
c) should not advertise it. stocks and shares net of a tax credit of 20%. This 20%
d) might not alter any of its items. tax is paid by the company declaring the dividend to the
e) should not waste it. Inland Revenue as Advance Corporation Tax.
Until the July 1997 Budget, all those who did not pay
449. The funds deposited in the education savings tax, such as individuals with low incomes, pension
accounts may not be used for … schemes and Pep investors, could reclaim this tax credit
a) elementary education. from the Inland Revenue. The 1997 measures
b) secondary education. immediately ended the right of pension funds to reclaim
c) college expenses. this tax, and in April 1999 non-tax payers were no longer
d) non-educational expenses. able to reclaim this credit either.
e) educational expenses. Furthermore, from 6 April 1999, the tax credit on
dividends was reduced to 10% and Pep and Isa
Read the text below in order to answer questions investors are only allowed to reclaim this 10% tax credit,
450 to 452. not the previous level of 20%.

TAX AUDITS (AFTN) 453. The tax credit referred to in the first sentence
of the text is a …
Although only about one out of every 100 individual tax a) discount tax rate for investors who declare their
returns will be audited in 1998, the Internal Revenue assets
Service (IRS) is very good at selecting returns for audit b) tax deducted at source before dividends are paid to
that will yield additional taxes. Nevertheless, if your investors
return is selected, it does not necessarily mean you will c) quantity charged by Corporate investors for their
incur any additional tax liability. services
If you do not agree with the examiner’s report, you can d) special allowance given to rural old age pensioners
meet with the examiner’s supervisor to discuss your e) welfare benefit given by the government to poor
case further. If you still do not agree, you have the right people
to appeal the findings through a separate Appeals
Office. You can also appeal to the U.S. Tax Court. 454. According to the author, the Inland Revenue …
a) receives dividends from stocks and shares
450. The author states that the examiner’s report b) must declare its dividends
might be … c) might reclaim tax credit from the Federal Revenue
a) dishonest. d) used to pay higher tax credits up to 5 April 1999
b) unofficial. e) collects taxes from non-taxpayers
c) questioned.
d) irrevocable. 455. According to the text, changes to Inland
e) ambiguous. Revenue rules on the taxation …
a) might soon take place
451. According to the text, when you meet the b) have been made
examiner’s supervisor, … c) had to be postponed
a) the two of you must reach a final agreement. d) will soon be implemented
b) you wish to discuss the examiner’s liability. e) have not been made
c) you have already accepted the examiner’s report.
d) additional taxes are charged. 456. The tax credit on dividends has been …
e) you intend to discuss the examiner’s report in more a) increased by 10%
detail. b) below 10%
c) decreased to 10%
452. The text implies that … d) higher than 10%
a) audits rarely result in additional charges. e) above 10%
b) additional taxes may be charged.
Central de Concursos
457. Which alternative below is not mentioned as
having once been eligible for a credit rebate?
a) Individuals with high incomes
b) Pep investors
c) Pension funds
d) Pension schemes
e) Individuals with low incomes
BRITAIN’S BUDGET (TRF 2002)
When the New Labour government first came to power
in 1997, Gordon Brown, the Chancellor of the Exchequer
(or finance minister), was tight-fisted. He bolted down
public spending and increased tax burden. In 2000 the
dividends arrived, as Mr. Brown ladled out money for
public services. The ever-more-powerful Chancellor
promised targeted give-aways in the 2001 budget.
This year’s budget focused on reviving the perpetually
troubled National Health Service. Mr. Brown vowed to
raise taxes – National Insurance contributions, more
precisely – to bring British health spending to European
levels. In this mid-year spending review, delivered in
July, he showered still more money on other services,
education in particular. But pouring money into an
unreformed system may not be his cleverest idea.
458. With regard to public spending, the British
finance minister …
a) first parsimonious, then more generous.
b) generous at first, then more cautious.
c) first anxious to please, then more objective.
d) popular in the early stages, but now unpopular.
e) first concerned with education, now with heath.
459. The text says that, as a minister, Gordon Brown
is becoming …
a) more and more impotent.
b) increasingly pro-European.
c) stronger and stronger.
d) less and less influential.
e) more and more tight-fisted.
460. Gordon Brown’s plans for the National Health
Service aims to …
a) provide more patients with low-cost free treatment.
b) permit European countries to imitate Vritain’s health
care system.
c) help health services to reach the same standards as
those in education.
d) allow for progressive privatization of health care, on
European lines.
e) catch up with spending on health care in other
European countries.
461. Improvements in the British National Health
System are to be financed …
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 39
a)European direct investments.
b) Increase in income tax.
c) Outsourcing of some services.
d) Higher National Insurance Contributions.
e) Borrowing money from public coffers.
462. The writer of the article has reservations about
whether increased spending on public services …
a) can be effective without first reforming them.
b) Is advisable in time of global recession.
c) Has ever been a viable economic target.
d) Can lead to more equality with Europe.
e) Can really be achieved before mid year.
ELECTION FEARS HARM BRAZILIAN ECONOMY
Brazil’s presidential election does not take place until
October, but investors are already voting with their feet
at the prospect of victory for the leftwing opposition
candidate, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.
The presidential contender from the Workers’ Party,
better known simply as Lula, holds a commanding lead
over José Serra, the ruling Social Democratic party
candidate. The possibility that Lula, a former
metalworker, will become leader of Latin America’s most
important economy has got the markets – which
consider him a leftwing firebrand – rattled.
Stocks have tumbled and the currency, the real, has
slumped in recent weeks. Last week, credit rating
agencies – which access the ability of borrowers to repay
their debt – downgraded Brazilian debt.
Investors fear that if Brazil goes off the rails, the rest of
Latin America will descend into chaos as the economic
contagion spreads. Although Argentineans are suffering
terribly from economic turmoil and a once-proud country
is reverting to a barter economy, Argentina’s problems
have not spread to the rest of the continent so far.
463. According to the text, Lula’s possible victory
in Brazil’s upcoming presidential election …
a) would avoid economic turmoil.
b) might relieve the economic pressure.
c) would hardly impact the national economy.
d) already worries the markets.
e) would underpin the national growth.
464. The author says that the Brazilian currency has
slumped in recent weeks, which means it …
a) has suddenly fallen.
b) has rallied.
c) has not been hit.
d) could have been depreciated.
e) has reached its highest quotation.
40 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
465. Argentina’s present economic situation is
referred to as …
a) affluent.
b) harrowing.
c) thriving.
d) smooth.
e) impeccable.
US TAX EVASION PROBE EXTENDS TO
SINGAPORE
The reach of Uncle Sam’s taxman in pursuit of unpaid
revenue has apparently extended even to Singapore,
despite the banking secrecy laws herein the U.S.
The Republic has reportedly become involved in an
attempt by the United States tax authorities to identify
tax evaders among an estimated one to two million
American citizens who have opened offshore bank
accounts.
The fact the taxman is going to this extent may seem
astonishing to Singaporeans. But it makes sense when
you realize that all income earned by US citizens is
taxable, whether it is held locally or in other countries.
The information, which the US Internal Revenue Service
(IRS) hopes will stem the loss of between US$20 billion
and US$40 billion each year in tax revenues, is being
sought from MasterCard International. This is because
offshore bank account holders often use credit cards
issued by MasterCard, Visa, American Express and
other
payment specialists to gain access to their funds from
the US. But whether the IRS will succeed in obtaining
information such as the names and transaction records
of such account holders is still an open question
because of the present US banking secrecy laws.
466. The expression “to stem the loss” means to …
a) stop it.
b) bring it about.
c) sum it up.
d) take it over.
e) make it out.
467. The aim of the US tax authorities …
a) could have been to pursue tax evaders.
b) has been to restrain the issue of credit cards.
c) is to root out tax evaders.
d) is to target all the tax haven countries.
e) has been to forbid offshore bank accounts.
468. According to the text, …
a) one or two million American citizens are, in fact, tax
evaders.
b) deposits made by American citizens abroad are
eligible for tax reductions.
Central de Concursos
c) there is a set of laws which determine that bank
accounts cannot be surrendered.
d) purchases made by credit card may benefit from tax
exemption.
e) Singaporeans might have their accounts disclosed
by US tax authorities.
469. The main subject of the text is …
a) the impact of fiscal adjustments in the United States.
b) a considerable drop in tax revenues due to the
American recession.
c) a significant increase in tax revenues in the United
States.
d) the unsustainable pension system adopted by the
United States.
e) a procedure adopted by the IRS in order to identify
tax evaders.
TEXT LI-II – QUESTIONS 470 AND 471
Today a modern company’s cutting edge lies in
excellence in environmental management and in an
essential strategy for sustainable development.
Environmental aspects, occupational health care and
industrial safety are a vital part of each area of the
company’s business.
To achieve this excellence, the environmental
performance must be on a par with or even better than
the leading world companies in the sector.
Environmental results must be improved, ensuring
maximum transparency and reliability in PETROBRAS
operations, processes, products and services. For this
purpose, a strategy has been adopted for the company’s
plants to be awarded the ISO 14001, BS 8800 and ISM
Code certificates.
PETROBRAS is giving environmental management the
same importance that it gives to its productivity.
470. From text LI-II, it can be gathered that …
a) A highly competitive company today should rather
be more concerned with is productivity than anything
else.
b) Environmental issues should be the company’s major
worry.
c) The leading oil companies should better care about
the environment.
d) PETROBRAS still needs to better its environmental
results.
e) PETROBRAS has already been given ISM Code.
I - In text LI-II, the last paragraph: “PETROBRAS is
giving environmental management the same
importance that it gives to productivity” means the
same as PETROBRAS is supposed to give to its
productivity the same treatment it used to give to
environmental management.
Central de Concursos
II - PETROBRAS is giving the same importance to
environmental management as given to its
productivity.
III - Environmental management is being given
identical importance by PETROBRAS as the one it
gives to its productivity.
IV - Productivity is now given the same importance
as it is was given to environmental management.
V - PETROBRAS used to give to the environment
management and productivity the same identical.
471 .The only true items are …
a) I and V
b) II and III
c) II and IV
d) III and IV
e) III and V
PRODAM
ANALISTA DE SUPORTE JR
A technician’s error severed Window users from
Microsoft’s update servers for five days leaving Net
analysts questioning whether the software giant can
deliver 24-7 services. (MSNBC, Jan.2002)
472. According to the passage: …
a) A human error made it impossible for Window users
to access Microsoft update servers for five days.
b) Analysts question whether Microsoft is really able to
offer 24-7 services.
c) A human error allowed Window users to have free
access to Microsoft’s update servers for five days.
d) A mechanical error allowed Window users to have
free access to Microsoft’s update servers for five days.
A new computer worm masqueraded as a software
update from Microsft Corp. is capable of deleting all
files on the 7rd drive of an infected computer, but has
so far spread very slowly, an antivirus vendor said
Monday. (CNN.com. jan.2002)
473. According to the passage, the virus: …
a) Was unintentionally sent by Microsoft itself in one of
its updates.
b) Is spreading with unprecedented speed.
c) Has not so far spread at great speed.
d) Was intentionally created by a Microsoft vendor.
Following a string of embarrassing security glitches,
Microsoft’s Chairman Bill Gates this week announced
a major strategy shift to focus on security and privacy
and restore confidence in the company’s software.
(Silicon Valley.com, Jan.2002)
474. According to the passage: …
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 41
a) Confidence in his company’s software has been so
high that Bill has decided a major strategy shift in
Microsoft’s security policy.
b) Bill Gates has denied that any security problem has
in fact occurred so far but has taken stops to prevent
them from happening.
c) In response to security problems, Bill Gates has
announced a new focus on security and privacy.
d) Bill Gates has this week dismissed the need for any
major change in Microsoft’s focus on security and
privacy.
The “new wave of online technology” part is debatable,
but RingMessanger is definitely the leasing edge of the
convergence/synergy movement that is sweeping the
major media companies. (Boston Globe, Jan.2002)
475. In the passage, the word DEBATABLE means
approximately: …
a) Arguable.
b) Reliable.
c) Unacceptable.
d) Trustworthy.
According to sources CEOs of the computer industry
many of whom have faced severe criticism lately have
promised to tackle the issue at once.
476. In the passage WHOM refers to: …
a) Sources.
b) Computer industry.
c) Severe criticism.
d) CEOs of the computer industry.
ASSEMBLÉIA LEG. SP
ANAL-PROGRAM
Microsoft next year plans to update Windows XP to
support two technologies left out of the new operating
system: USB 2.0 and Bluetooth. Both technologies
are used for connecting peripherals to PCs, USB 2.0
at speeds up to 480 megabits per second (mbps) and
Bluetooth over the air without wires. USB 2.0 support
is expected early next year, and the Bluetooth
addition should come bye mid-2002. (ZedNet news,
Dec.2001)
477. According to the text: …
a) Microsoft is planning to launch next year its new
operating systems: USB 2.0 and Bluetooth.
b) USB 2.0 is slightly faster than Bluetooth, which uses
a different technology for connecting peripherals.
c) The current version of Windows XP does not include
the technology USB 2.0 and Bluetooth.
d) The update to Bluetooth is expected to come sooner
than that to USB 2.0.
42 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
478. The problem which the text points to is: …
a) That there is an excessive number of digital libraries
9DLs) in the market today.
b) The fact that users need to use more than one
interface to locate resources from different libraries.
c) That there are too many different approaches to tackle
interoperability.
d) That there is still strong resistance to the issue of
interoperability.
According to a survey conducted by Gartner Group and
the investment banking group Soundview Technology,
Inc., technology budgets of U.S businesses will rise 1.5
percent in 2002 over 2001 budgets. For 2001, IT
spending at these companies was 2.5 percent higher
when compared to 2000 levels, but it was down from a
planned 8 percent increase. “We expected a slowdown
on the rate of budget growth,” says Al Case, senior vice
president of Gartner Group. “I was surprised that it was
still positive forCIO Dec 2001).
479. According to the text: …
a) Technology budgets have risen by 1.5 percent in 2001
over 2000.
b) The level of IT spending at the companies surveyed
was less in 2000 than in 2001.
c) There was an unexpected 8 percent increase in
investment in 2001 as compared to 2000.
d) The rate of budget growth is still expected to be
positive next year.
WEB DEVELOPER.COM GUIDE TO CREATING WEB
CHANNELS by Lee Purcell reviewed by Deborah Wiley
for Database, Feb. 1999
This book sheds more light on such technology, focusing
on the three major technologies, Microsoft’s Active
Channels, Netscape’s Netcaster and Backweb’s
InfoCenter. In particular, this book provides some details
on software that can help you develop channels, with
updates posted on the Web site listed earlier. This book
does not go into quite as much detail on using and
developing channels, although it certainly provides
plenty of information to get you started.
480. According to the review, the book gives less
emphasis to: …
a) Software.
b) Web site lists.
c) The use of channels
d) Technology.
ANALYSIS: BRAZIL’S LULA FACES NEW PHASE
(AFRF 2003)
In a speech last week from the capital, Brazil’s president
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva appeared to balloon with pride
Central de Concursos
over his accomplishments and gloated over achieving
in months what his predecessor Fernando Henrique
Cardoso could not do during his eight years in office.
“I am pleased and the Brazilian people are satisfied that
we have done something in seven months that has
taken other countries years to do,” said Lula on the
pension reform amendment. “The last president of Brazil
spent eight years trying to get a social security reform
bill through Congress.”
While the president is riding high over his win with
pensions, analysts see a much tougher field to hoe in
the coming months.
Next on the Lula administration agenda is taxes, a fight
that will not only be waged in the capital, but at the state
and local levels as well.
Governors, who backed Lula’s pension proposal in
Congress, want to see additional revenue tickle down
to the local levels. The president, however, insists on
“tax reform designed to stimulate production, not to
boost revenue” for the states, as he put it on Monday.
481. According to the text, Brazil’s president Luiz
Inácio Lula da Silva …
a) pretends to have revoked an amendment proposed
by the former Brazilian president.
b) might submit a controversial amendment that
revamps the nation’s pension policy.
c) has postponed a major political battle related to the
nation’s pension policy.
d) conceals his feeling of pride in relation to his
accomplishments.
e) did not conceal his elation concerning a political
accomplishment.
482. According to the author, analysts …
a) foresee difficulties.
b) predict victories.
c) forecast gains.
d) praise Lula’s victory.
e) triggered political reactions.
483. Brazil’s president intends to …
a) deregulate production.
b) slash the budget.
c) increase revenue.
d) fight another war.
e) state legal requirements.
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2003 AND BEYOND
(AFRF 2003)
Even the accountants are having a hard time keeping
all the phase-ins and phase-outs straight after the last
tax law change (the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief
Reconciliation Act of 2003, which was signed by
President Bush on May 28, 2003). Our Tax Act Timeline
Central de Concursos
can help you take maximum advantage of income, gift,
and estate tax laws.
Almost everyone will see a decrease in overall tax paid
in 2003. The ordinary income tax brackets that were
due to decrease gradually over time until 2006 have
been accelerated into 2003. The top tax bracket is now
35%.
Watch out for how those income tax brackets change
over time, however. For example, in 2003- 2004 the
10% bracket applies to $0-$7,000 of income for single
filers and $0-$14,000 for married filing jointly. But in
2005, the brackets shrink and only $0-$6,000 (single)
will quality for the 10% tax and $0-$12,000 for married
filing jointly. The brackets change again (back to the
higher levels) in 2008.
484. The author refers to the Jobs and Growth Tax
Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 as …
a) likely to be signed.
b) an achievable change.
c) officially accepted.
d) a changeable tax law.
e) having been changed.
485. According to the author, in 2003 almost
everybody’s total tax bill will show …
a) a sharp fall.
b) a reduction.
c) a steep rise.
d) a balance.
e) an increase.
486. The authr points out …
a) the difficulties faced by accountants in setting sensible
tax brackets.
b) the urgent need to change the last tax law.
c) the government’s decision to increase tax brackets
in 2005.
d) a certain number of changes concerning tax brackets.
e) the need to be married so as to qualify for the 10%
tax bracket.
EU LAW TAXES OVERSEAS NET FIRMS
(AFRF 2003)
They’ve survived the bursting of the tech bubble, a global
economic downturn and the occasional virus, but now
overseas Internet retailers may see their European profit
push derailed by one of the oldest drags on business:
tax. On July 1, a new EU (European Union) directive
goes into effect requiring all Internet firms to account
for value-added tax, or VAT, on “digital sales”.
The law adds a 15 to 25 percent levy on select Internet
transactions such as software and music downloads,
monthly subscriptions to an Internet service provider
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 43
and on any product purchased through an online auction
anywhere in the 15-member bloc of nations.
The VAT tax is nothing new for some Net firms.
European dot-coms have been charging customers VAT
since their inception. Their overseas rivals though have
been exempt, making foreign firms an obvious choice
for the bargain-hunting consumer.
487. The opening paragraph of the text …
a) emphasizes the need to tax digital sales.
b) foresees a global economic downturn.
c) refers to tax as something annoying.
d) defines a future increase in digital sales.
e) outlines the profit globally made.
488. According to the text, all Internet firms are
required to …
a) obey a new EU official order.
b) prevent taxation in certain cases.
c) save in tax payments.
d) relocate their headquarters.
e) apply for tax exemption.
489. The author states that the VAT (value-added
tax) has been …
a) lowered.
b) lifted.
c) forbidden.
d) reduced.
e) charged.
490. Concerning the European profit made by the
overseas Internet retailers, it …
a) may be re-invested.
b) may be affected.
c) must be spent.
d) shall be cut.
e) might remain high.
BRAZIL: ONE GROWTH OBSTACLE AFTER
ANOTHER
After just eight months in office, President Luiz Inácio
Lula da Silva of the left-wing Workers’ Party
has won congressional approval for economically critical
and politically controversial pension and tax reforms.
Now, however, da Silva faces a bigger challenge:
reviving Brazil’s economy. In 2003’s first half, Brazil’s
economy fell into recession. Most economists expect
growth for the entire year to be a miserly 1%. And a
government linked research group recently
embarrassed ministers by predicting growth of just 0.5%
in 2003.
Taxes are a serious obstacle to growth. Brazil’s tax
burden is among the highest in the world, equal to 41.7%
of salaries. Reforms now proceeding through Congress
44 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
will simplify the tax system, but won’t reduce the total
burden. That will be possible only if interest rates fall
and the government can keep spending in check,
thereby reducing the amount of money needed to pay
its own debts. For now, Brazil’s economy is going
nowhere.
(By Jonathan Wheatley in São Paulo – adapted.
From: Business Week September 10, 2003)
491. The picture of the current Brazilian economy
given by this article is …
a) highly optimistic.
b) guardedly hopeful.
c) unremittingly positive.
d) faintly negative.
e) distinctly bleak.
492. According to the text, a think tank recently
caused the government some embarrassment by
predicting …
a) lower growth than most other economists had
forecast.
b) cynicism over the government’s tax reform program.
c) one of the highest tax burdens in the world.
d) stubbornly high interest rates for bank loans.
e) further cuts in the national interest rates for loans.
493. The advantage of the proposed tax reform
measures is …
a) particularly fast progress through Congress.
b) a proposed 41.7% reduction in taxation.
c) a welcome simplification of the tax system.
d) the prospect of controlling high inflation.
e) further political support for the government
494. According to the last section of the text,
taxation will only be reduced if …
a) there are strong signs of growing inflation.
b) Congress passes the new taxation reform bill.
c) Brazil’s economy goes nowhere soon.
d) the sum needed to meet public debt is reduced.
e) income tax bills cease to be such a heavy burden.
HOW THE WORLD’S POOR CHANGED
DYNAMICS OF GLOBAL POLITICS (AFRF 2003)
A new alliance of some of the world’s poorest countries
forged during the last week’s global trade talks has
changed the entire dynamics of world politics, the foreign
minister of Brazil told The Independent yesterday.
In an exclusive interview, Celso Amorim said the
formation of the Group of 21 nations (G21) had
“reshuffled the cards” by creating a powerful
counterweight to Washington and Brussels. The
creation of the G21 has been one of the most significant
developments of the World Trade Organisation
Central de Concursos
meetings that have dominated the Mexican beach resort
of Cancun since Wednesday.
Thanks to tough negotiating by the G21, analysts believe
that the world’s two most powerful economic blocs have
been prevented from riding roughshod over the 100-
plus countries that make up the developing world. It
has also enhanced the reputation of Brazil - the leading
voice in the G21 and the country with the largest
democratic support for any left-wing government in the
world - and the administration led by the uneducated
steelworker Lula da Silva.
“We have gained the political initiative,” said Mr Amorim
on the fringes of the conference.
(From: The Independent September 15th 2003 –
slightly adapted.)
495. The expression “forged” in the first paragraph
of the text could best be defined as …
a) misled.
b) broken down.
c) set up.
d) made off with.
e) falsified.
496. According to the text, G21 is a group involved
in trade talks, and it aims to …
a) bring up new trump cards in Mexico negotiations.
b) offset the bargaining power of the USA and the EU.
c) shore up the power of the WTO to do deals.
d) lead over 100 countries to victory in the talks.
e) enhance the power of Brazil internationally.
497. In relation to Brazil, the G 21 is expected to …
a) reinforce the President’s left-wing tendencies.
b) override national decisions of smaller powers.
c) make it the leading voice in the WTO.
d) leave it on the fringes of the conference.
e) bring additional prestige to the country.
VIRTUES OF VICE - THE REWARDS FROM
INVESTING IN POLITICALLY INCORRECT
COMPANIES (TRF 2003)
REGRETTABLE though it may be, the wages sin can
be well worth having. Vice Fund, a mutual fund started
14 months ago by Mutuals.com, Dallas investment
company, is profiting nicely what some would consider
the wickedest corners of the legitimate economy:
alcohol, arms, gambling and tobacco. So far this year,
Vice Fund
returned 17.2% to investors, beating both the 500
(15.2%) and the Dow Jones industrial average (13.2%)
by a few points.
In fact, all four vice-ridden sectors have outperformed
the overall American market during the past five years.
“No matter what the economy’s state or how interest
Central de Concursos 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 45

rates move, people keep drinking, smoking and

gambling,” says Ahrens, a portfolio manager at the self-
described “socially irresponsible” fund. With President
George Bush pursuing a muscular foreign policy, the
outlook for defence spending is also bright.
(From: The Economist October 30th 2003)

498. According to the text, Vice Fund …

a) is concerned with stamping out illegal vices.
b) deals with illicit assets in the grey economy.
c) has attracted 17.2% of the legitimate investors.
d) profits from human addictions and conflicts.
e) is barely worth serious attention from investors.

499. The text points out that Vice Fund has …

a) proved a good investment for its shareholders.
b) outperformed smoking, drinking and gambling.
c) had mutually regrettable fund results.
d) found popularity with portfolio managers.
e) been promoted in wicked corners of Dallas.

500. The word “muscular” (paragraph 2), last

implies that US foreign policy is …
a) peaceable.
b) belligerent.
c) athletic.
d) protective.
e) well-formed.
Central de Concursos 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 46

Comentários
Central de Concursos
INGLÊS
1. Comentário: A tradução da sentença com a
alternativa D preenchendo as lacunas é: “Em 1 de
outubro de 2001, Ronald Reagan de 90 anos de idade
se tornou o mais velho ex-presidente dos EUA na
história.” A pegadinha está no fato de que adjetivos
não tomam a forma de plural. Isso, também, acontece
com os adjetivos compostos.
Alternativa: D
2. Comentário: A tradução da sentença com a
alternativa C preenchendo as lacunas é: “Nos anos 60,
o temor radical da América pelo Comunismo fez com
que a nação se envolvesse em uma guerra no Vietnan
que, em 1954, tinha sido dividido em Vietnan do Sul e
a República Comunista do Vietnan do Norte.
Alternativa: C
3. Comentário: A tradução da sentença utilizando-se
a alternativa A para preencher as lacunas: “Margaret
Thatcher deu a luz a uma sociedade de Yuppies de
telefone celular, uma nova classe extraída de um
cruzamento de outras classes, experiências e
educação”. A palavra “other” não apresenta plural
quando está sendo utilizada como adjetivo.
Alternativa: A
4. Comentário: Tradução da sentença com a
alternativa D preenchendo as lacunas: “Se você tivesse
investido mais dinheiro no mercado de ações no ano
passado, você teria feito muito dinheiro.
Alternativa: D
5. Comentário: Tradução da sentença com a
alternativa E preenchendo as lacunas: “Meu chefe odeia
minha fumaça no escritório. Ele deseja que eu pudesse
parar de fumar de uma vez por todas”. O segredo dessa
questão é o fato de que o verbo “to stop” exige que o
verbo, que vem logo após a ele, tome a forma do
gerúndio para ter o significado que faça sentido à
sentença.
Alternativa: E
6. Comentário: Tradução da sentença com a
alternativa E preenchendo as lacunas: “Ligar a TV a
esta hora significa que você não achará nada para
assistir, exceto jogos e novelas”.
Alternativa: E
7. Comentário: O caso genitivo (’) mostra a posse de
algo. Quando algo é possuido por várias pessoas (no
exercício é mencionada apenas uma casa) o ’s é
colocado somente no último elemento.
Alternativa: C
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 47
8. Comentário: Aqui utilizamos o superlativo de
superioridade já que a tradução da sentença é: “Aquele
é o maior carro que eu já vi.”, ou seja, é o maior de
todos, desse modo, utilizamos o superlativo de
superioridade.
Alternativa: B
9. Comentário: A tradução da sentença com a
alternativa A é: “Na minha opinião, inglês é uma das
mais fáceis línguas do mundo.” Mais uma vez utilizamos
o superlativo de superioridade, pois estamos
comparando um idioma (inglês) com todos os outros
idiomas do mundo.
Alternativa: A
10. Comentário: Tradução da sentença com a
alternativa D preenchendo as lacunas é: “Quanto mais
ele trabalha, mais rico ele fica.” As outras alternativas
não fazem sentido.
Alternativa: D
11. Comentário: Temos, aqui, uma típica sentença
subordinada. Quando temos um e exemplo desse,
devemos ter em mente que quando uma das sentenças
estiver no passado a outra deverá estar no condicional
(futuro do pretérito). Dado isso a alternativa D é a
correta. A tradução da sentença é: “Se o governo
quisesse controlar a inflação ele deveria(should) cortar
custos.”
Alternativa: D
12. Comentário: Toda vez que um verbo for precedido
de uma preposição, ele deverá tomar a forma do
gerúndio (-ING), porém será traduzido como infinitivo.
Acompanhe a tradução da sentença do exercício em
questão: “O diretor está cansado de corrigir seus erros.”
Alternativa: B
13. Comentário: A voz passiva da sentença “Our
company exported goods to Europe.” (Nossa empresa
exportou bens para Europa.) é: “Bens foram exportados
para a Europa pela nossa empresa.”(Goods were
exported to Europe by our company).
Alternativa: D
14. Comentário: A tradução das seguintes palavras
estão no item D. É uma típica questão de prova onde o
candidato(a) é testado(a) no que tange seu
conhecimento de vocabulário específico. No caso
desse exercício foram escolhidas algumas palavras
capciosas.
Alternativa: D
48 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
15. Comentário: Dos verbos oferecidos o único que
expressa probabilidade é o verbo MAY. Outro verbo é o
o MIGHT.
Alternativa: B
16. Comentário: O verbo MUST seguido de NOT
expressa proibição.
Alternativa: C
17. Comentário: Algumas pessoas podem ter
assinalado a alternativa A, porém, LIKE significa COMO
em termos de comparação e não a palavra com o
sentido de NA FUNÇÃO DE.
Alternativa: B
18. Comentário: Traduções das palavras SINCE e
FOR são, respectivamente, DESDE e FAZ; HÁ. São
as duas palavras características que utilizamos para
expressar algo que ocorreu no passado e vem até o
presente.
Alternativa: B
19. Comentário: Não se deixe enganar pela
semelhança de pronúncia e escrita das palavras THE
BEST e THE BADDEST, ambas estão incorretas. Na
verdade THE BEST significa O MELHOR e THE
BADDEST não existe. Bad significa MAU e seu
superlativo é THE WORST.
Alternativa: C
20. Comentário: A tradução da sentença com a
alternativa B preenchendo as lacunas é: “Ele passou a
noite inteira conversando com o Paul and Mary. Ele
estava conversando com eles sobre política e religião.”
Utilizamos o pronome do caso oblíquo (them, no caso)
após verbos e preposições. A preposição ABOUT é
famosa e significa SOBRE, A RESPEITO DE.
Alternativa: B
21. Comentário: A palavra CAREFULLY é um advérbio
e por isso exprime uma qualidade à uma ação (no caso
“gastar dinheiro”). A tradução da sentença fica “Pessoas
deveriam gastar seu dinheiro cuidadosamente”.
Alternativa: A
22. Comentário: Sufixos são partículas que são
adicionadas às palavras no seu final. Os únicos sufixos
estão na alternativa C. ABLE expressa a idéia de “capaz
de”. LY é, normalmente utilizado para transformar um
adjetivo em advérbio (Cuidado! Nem sempre uma
palavra que apresenta esse sufixo é um advérbio, ou
seja, há algumas exceções. Consulte um livro de
gramática para mais detalhadas explicações.). O sufixo
FUL significa CHEIO DE. O oposto de FUL é LESS.
Alternativa: C
Central de Concursos
23. Comentário: Aqui deve se prestar atenção na
tradução da sentença “Could you go to the drugstore to
buy some ………., please?” (Você poderia ir à farmácia
para comprar um pouco de ……….., por favor?). A única
coisa que se compra em farmácias é aspirina.
Alternativa: A
24. Comentário: Devemos nos basear na resposta (It’s
behind the desk = Está atrás da mesa.) para
escolhermos a alternativa correta. Tradução da
sentença com a alternativa correta é: “Onde (where)
está o cesto de lixo? Ele está atrás da mesa.
Alternativa: C
25. Comentário: Nesta questão verifica-se uma
sentença que expressa uma permissão. Analise a
tradução sem o verbo na lacuna: “Mr. Silva …….. ir
aos EUA porque ele tem um visto de 10 anos.” Nota-se
que por ter um visto de 10 anos ele tem permissão
para ir até lá. O único verbo das alternativas que
expressa permissão é o CAN.
Alternativa: B
26. Comentário: A tradução da sentença com a
alternativa B preenchendo as lacunas é: “Estamos
muito ocupados agora. Não podemos atender o telefone
agora.”
Alternativa: B
27. Comentário: A tradução da sentença utilizando-se
a alternativa C para preencher as lacunas: “Ela gostaria
de comer um delicioso sanduíche. Ela tem que comprar
presunto e queijo.
Alternativa: C
28. Comentário: Tradução da sentença com a
alternativa A preenchendo a lacuna: “Meus pais querem
viajar para o exterior, então eles têm que levar seus
passaportes ao consulado e embaixada.
Alternativa: A
29. Comentário: O verbo TO TYPE sempre foi
ensinado nas escolas de inglês como DATILOGRAFAR,
porém tal palavra tem uma versão mais moderna
(DIGITAR).
Alternativa: B
30. Comentário: Quando um verbo é o sujeito da
oração, ele leva sua forma de gerúndio. A lacuna deve
ser preenchida pela alternativa C. Desse modo a
tradução da sentença é: “Digitar cartas, relatórios e
memorandos é uma tarefa da secretária.
Alternativa: C
31. Comentário: A única resposta plausível para
tradução da sentença com a alternativa D preenchendo
Central de Concursos
as lacunas é: “Nós dizemos “tchau” quando nós saímos
(leave). É uma típica questão que exige o conhecimento
básico do idioma.
Alternativa: A
32. Comentário: A única palavra que completa
corretamente a lacuna é “every”. A tradução da
sentença é: “Todos os dias eu me levanto cedo.”
Alternativa: B
33. Comentário: A preposição utilizada após o verbo
TO GO é TO. Quem vai, vai A/PARA “algum lugar” e,
em inglês, utiliza-se a preposição TO.
Alternativa: C
34. Comentário: Mesma explicação do item 12.
AFTER, neste caso é uma preposição.
Alternativa: C
35. Comentário: Tradução da sentença com a
alternativa C preenchendo as lacunas: “Eu uso um
gravador para gravar a aula. Como se vê na sentença,
existe a partícula TO e desse modo basta adicionar o
verbo no infinitivo sem o TO.
Alternativa: C
36. Comentário: O verbo “HAVER” em inglês é
conjugado em sua forma singular e plural,
diferentemente do português onde tal verbo é
impessoal. Sempre que estiver expressando a idéia de
EXISTIR será conjugado no SINGULAR. Pois bem, no
caso da sentença desse exercício, o verbo deve
concordar com SEVERAL PROBLEMS que está no
plural.
Alternativa: A
37. Comentário: O verbo dessa sentença deve,
obrigatoriamente estar conjugado no passado por
causa do advérbio LAST SUNDAY (DOMINGO
PASSADO). Das alternativas apresentadas somente
BOUGHT é a forma correta do passado do verbo TO
BUY.
Alternativa: A
38. Comentário: A palavra BUT (conjunção
adversativa) mostra que a tradução da frase fica correta
quando utilizamos a palavra ALSO (também) na lacuna,
observe: “Você me ensina inglês, mas eu também tenho
aulas com outro professor.”
Alternativa: C
39. Comentário: A tradução da expressão DUE TO é
DEVIDO.
Alternativa: A
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 49
40. Comentário: Como explicado no item 36, o verbo
HAVER é conjugado no singular ou plural, em inglês. A
palavra CLOUDS (NUVENS) está no plural. Desse
modo se traduzirmos a sentença sem preencher a
segunda coluna teremos: “Há nuvens escuras no céu,
…….. chover.” Nota-se que precisamos de um verbo
que expressa probabilidade e, o único que se encaixa
é o verbo MIGHT (PODE).
Alternativa: B
41. Comentário: Típica sentença de voz passiva. A
forma do verbo que dá sentido à sentença é
LUBRICATED (LUBRIFICADO). Observe a tradução
final: “A máquina deveria ser lubrificada todas a
semanas”.
Alternativa: A
42. Comentário: Tradução da sentença com a
alternativa A é: “Mike está com fome e sede. Ele
gostaria de comer e beber algo.”
Alternativa: A
43. Comentário: A palavra DESPITE significa APESAR
DE é a única que dá sentido à frase. Observe a tradução
da sentença: “Apesar de ser rico, ele não gasta dinheiro
com coisas caras”.
Alternativa: A
44. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa correta =
“Retornando de uma viagem ao exterior de pelo menos
dois dias”) Pergunta fácil. Basta traduzir a primeira linha
(ao traduzir a primeira linha literalmente, você já
consegue entender o sentido da sentença. Nas partes
em que a tradução não ficou boa, basta inverter a
posição das palavras) e saber um pouco de matemática
(48 horas = 2 dias). Isto, aliás, tem sido minha dica
ultimamente: não vá errar uma questão por causa de
conversões matemáticas como esta ou por causa de
conhecimento geral. Na maioria das vezes são dados
textos que tratam de assuntos atuais ou de caráter
muito famoso. Fique atento ao que acontece na
atualidade.
Alternativa: B
45. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa correta = Um
montante definido é permitido na isenção de $400,00).
Você encontra a resposta na última linha do segundo
parágrafo. Note que a seqüência das palavras na
sentença em inglês é idêntica à seqüência. Veja a
sentença do texto que nos dá esta informação: “No
more than one liter of alcoholic beverages may be
included in the $400.00 exemption.” (Não mais do que
um litro de bebidas alcoólicas pode ser incluído na
isenção de $400,00")
Alternativa: A
50 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
46. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa correta = São
concedidos o direito à específicas isenções
alfandegárias.). Nos dois primeiros parágrafos são
dadas informações que nos mostram isto. Por exemplo:
“Não mais do que um litro de bebidas alcoólicas pode
ser incluído na isenção de $400,00”, “Todas as compras
feitas em Cuba não podem exceder $100.00”, “Somente
maiores de 21 anos de idade podem trazer bebidas
alcoólicas” etc. Muitos candidatos erraram ao responder
a alternativa E. Esta não é uma resposta correta porque
o texto diz que as pessoas não podem exceder em
$100,00 em tudo que eles comprarem em Cuba e não
só no que tange charutos. Esta alternativa, também,
está incorreta porque ela diz que os residentes
“DEVERIAM” comprar charutos cubanos, mas não
exceder $100,00" e o texto diz que o presidente “PODE”
comprar charutos. (Palavra chave: entitled = Ter a
concessão a algo).
Alternativa: D
47. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa correta = É
uma das principais vantagens). Na primeira frase do
parágrafo 1 é dito que “A revolução do microchip é /
está baseada em tamanho e custo”, ou seja, basta
traduzir a frase e você terá a resposta.
Alternativa: A
48. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa correta =
Serão naturalmente excluídos do mercado mundial
livre.). O segundo parágrafo diz: “Temos que aceitar o
microchip ou encarar a alternativa de optar em ficar
fora do mercado mundial livre.
Alternativa: C
49. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa correta = “O
uso impróprio das informações contidas nos arquivos
de computador.). O parágrafo 4 diz que “Podemos nos
guardar contra alguns dos problemas, podemos, por
exemplo, estarmos alerta ao perigo da má utilização
das informações mantidas em arquivos de
computador.” Esta questão apresenta uma pequena
pegadinha. Muitos candidatos responderam a
alternativa C. Esta alternativa, porém, diz “O uso
impróprio dos microchips”. O texto não diz coisa alguma
sobre a má utilização dos microchips, mas sim, das
INFORMAÇÕES CONTIDAS NELES. CUIDADO !
Alternativa: D
50. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa correta = Seu
atual déficit de conta). No último parágrafo (primeira
linha) o autor diz que Robert Siddles está preocupado
(concerned) com atual (current) déficit de conta que
está consumindo aproximadamente 5% do produto
interno bruto.)
Alternativa: B
Central de Concursos
51. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa correta =
Crescer). Esta questão é um simples exercício de
conhecimento de vocabulário.
Alternativa: A
52. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa correta =
Inflação.). O autor diz que houve apenas uma recessão
nos últimos 16 anos e que trouxe, entre outras coisas,
uma inesperada baixa inflação. Pois bem, com isto ele
quer dizer que em um período de recessão espera-se
inflação alta. Pensando de forma inversa, em uma
economia em expansão espera-se que haja inflação
que é o que coloca a pergunta.
Alternativa: C
53. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa correta =
Está suportando o déficit.). A última linha do texto diz:
“O governo está tomando menos dinheiro emprestado
e a saúde da economia está sustentando o déficit.”
Alternativa: E
54. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa correta =
Otimismo qualificado.). Apesar de ser uma questão
subjetiva, entende-se como um otimismo qualificado,
porque se sabe dos possíveis problemas que possam
advir de uma economia em expansão. Não é um
otimismo emocional e irreverente. Está embasado em
fatos reais.
Alternativa: D
55. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa correta =
Reduz estresse.). No primeiro parágrafo (segunda
linha) o autor diz: “Na verdade, exercício regular parece
ser uma poderosa atividade anti-estresse”.
Alternativa: D
56. Comentário: Tradução da alternativa correta =
positivamente afetados pelo exercício.
Alternativa: A
57. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa correta =
também inclui os resultados de um estudo.). No
segundo parágrafo o autor menciona o estudo feito com
dois grupos de estudantes. Um deles foi submetido a
um programa de exercícios de 14 semanas, enquanto
o outro não.
Alternativa: B
58. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa correta =
pode resultar em um aumento na longevidade.). Em
nenhum momento os sindicatos foram mencionados.
Alternativa: C
59. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa correta = não
precisamos nos exercitar todos os dias.). Esta é uma
típica questão que exige do candidato o conhecimento
Central de Concursos
de expressões idiomáticas. No texto é dito que: “It is
much better in my view to devote no more than half an
hour every other day to do exercises” (“É muito melhor
na minha visão, dedicar não mais do que meia hora,
dia sim, dia não para se fazer exercícios.”), ou seja, a
chave para se matar essa questão reside na expressão
“every other day” que significa: “dia sim, dia não”. Muitos
candidato(as) que não conheciam essa expressão
erraram essa questão.
Alternativa: A
60. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa correta = que
vale a pena.). No último parágrafo o autor diz que fazer
exercícios pode consumir muito tempo, mas o
sentimento de estar em forma e saudável, compensa
os poucos minutos que se leva para se exercitar por
dia.
Alternativa: D
61. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa correta =
exercícios físicos devem ser evitados por aqueles que
não têm prazer neles.). Em nenhum momento é dito
isto no texto.
Alternativa: B
62. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa correta =
sindicatos.). Em nenhum momento os sindicatos foram
mencionados.
Alternativa: B
63. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa correta =
impostos.). Esta é uma típica questão que exige do
candidato o conhecimento de sinônimos.
Alternativa: E
64. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa correta = não
vai sobreviver por muito tempo.). A palavra “numbered”
significa “com os dias contados”. Outra questão que
exigia conhecimento de vocabulário.
Alternativa: D
65. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa correta = não
foi capaz de chegar a um acordo.). A última frase do
primeiro parágrafo diz “Uma comissão do congresso
que “era” para resolver o assunto acabou em um
empasse mais cedo este ano.”
Alternativa: C
66. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa correta = é
um dos impostos mais impopulares.). O verbo “To revil”
significa: “Fazer injúrias, excomungar, criticar,
amaldiçoar”. Mais uma questão que exige
conhecimento de vocabulário.
Alternativa: D
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 51
67. Comentário: Esta questão é motivo de muita
polêmica em sala de aula. A tradução da alternativa E
é: “mais fácil de se entender”. O texto deixa claro que
as mudanças propostas deixam o código tributário (tax
code) mais fácil de se compreender. O item de maior
polêmica é o item D, e por que? “Too simple”: significa
“simples demais, excessivamente simples”. A palavra
“too”, antes de um adjetivo significa “demais, em
demasia, em excesso” e, por isso, não representa a
idéia expressa pelo texto. Não se preocupe se você
não acertou essa questão, pois muitos candidatos
também foram pegos de surpresa.
Alternativa: E
68. Comentário: A sentença “…In general, the reform
plan would reduce taxes on individual and increase them
on corporations.” (No geral o plano de reforma reduziria
os impostos para as pessoas físicas e os aumentaria
para as empresas.), é o ponto do texto que nos mostra
que a alternativa correta é a D (aumentar impostos
sobre as empresas.)
Alternativa: D
69. Comentário: Na sentença “… distinction that the
plan was the Treasury’s, not the Administration’s.” (…
distinção de que o plano era do Tesouro e não da
Administração”), fica claro quem é responsável pelo
plano. Lembre-se que o ‘s expressa a posse de algo e,
nessa, alternativa expressa de quem é verdadeiramente
o plano de reforma.
Alternativa: B
70. Comentário: Para começo de conversa, as
alternativas A, B e D expressam a mesma coisa, porém
usando palavras diferentes. A sentença que mostra que
as faixas de incidência (tax brackets) serão reduzidas
é “The 16 tax brackets for individual would be replaced
by only 3,…” (As 16 faixas de incidência para pessoas
físicas serão substituídas por apenas 3,…).
Alternativa: C
71. Comentário: O texto é muito claro quando
menciona que está havendo uma “revolução na
indústria de serviços financeiros”. Outra razão é o fato
de no parágrafo só fala sobre a compra de bancos e
como os bancos estrangeiros dominam o mercado de
depósitos e empréstimos.
Alternativa: D
72. Comentário: O parágrafo diz que os Argentinos
guardavam dólares em lugares secretos em suas
casas, ao passo que os brasileiros aprenderam a viver
com a inflação indexando preços.
Alternativa: C
52 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
73. Comentário: O texto é claro quando diz que os
bancos na Argentina não desenvolveram muito porque
os argentinos compravam dólares e os guardavam em
casa, ao passo que os bancos brasileiros necessitavam
de tecnologia sofisticada para captar e investir dinheiro
instantaneamente.
Alternativa: E
74. Comentário: A resposta desta questão baseia-se
no último parágrafo, com as previsões do Banco Central
com taxas de inflação mais baixas em 2002 e 2003. A
palavra “confidence” aparece duas vezes no texto,
anteriormente, o que causa confusão e leva o candidato
menos cauteloso a optar, erroneamente, pela
alternativa “a”.
Alternativa: D
75. Comentário: Esta questão é relativamente fácil,
mesmo para aqueles menos preparados, porque as
palavras são semelhantes às do texto e por se tratar
de uma situação recente de conhecimento da grande
maioria.
Alternativa: A
76. Comentário: Apesar de parecer óbvia a resposta,
foram usadas frases diferentes com o mesmo
significado (“the government expects Brazil’s inflation....”
e “...inflation target is 5.5 per cent”). Números nas
questões iguais ao texto podem indicar uma
“pegadinha”, mas não foi o caso.
Alternativa: C
77. Comentário: Grande possibilidade de confusão
devido à ambigüidade da palavra “power”, que pode
significar, tanto “poder político” como “energia”. Como
há uma crise de poder na América Latina e todas as
frases representam “verdades”, a opção correta foi
deixada para a última posição, que certamente, “pegou”
aqueles que não lêem todas as alternativas.
Alternativa: E
78. Comentário: Todas as alternativas parecem
verdadeiras à primeira vista, mas uma consideração
mais cuidadosa mostra que a opção “b” é a única que
está realmente no texto. As outras são apenas más
interpetações utilizando um jogo de palavras que
aparecem no texto. A palavra “please”, refere-se
também, ao verbo To please (= agradar, satisfazer). A
tradução da alternativa é: “satisfazer as pessoas de
negócios (empresários) e ganhar suporte (apoio) para
o governo.
Alternativa: B
79. Comentário: “But few citizens..... know” é a chave.
“Aware” é estar ciente. O prefixo “un” nega ou indica o
Central de Concursos
contrário do significado do adjetivo ou advérbio.
Portanto, os cidadãos não estão cientes.
Alternativa: E
80. Comentário: Nesta questão a solução correta está
em saber a combinação correta do início com o final
da sentença. New York City tem déficits fiscais e pode
ter que fazer o empréstimo para solucionar seu
problema.
Alternativa: C
81. Comentário: O autor expressa sua opinião na
última sentença, quanto a empréstimos para cobrir
despesas rotineiras ao invés de aquisições de bens
duradouros.
Alternativa: A
82. Comentário: Pegadinha! No texto aparece o valor
“$4 billion” que se refere a pagamentos de dívidas da
cidade e do estado, cada. Portanto, somados os
valores, a importância correta é “$8 billion”.
Alternativa: D
83. Comentário: Esta questão requer conhecimento
de vocabulário. To weather é um verbo pouco conhecido
e significar “resisitir a”. Felizmente, quatro alternativas
contém palavras semelhantes ao português e,
conforme o contexto, pode-se chegar à conclusão
correta. “Avoid” significa “evitar”, que é o verbo que
mais se aproxima ao verbo to weather.
Alternativa: A
84. Comentário: A tarefa das agências que avaliam e
determinam o crédito é estimar imparcialmente, o nível
de risco das ações de específicas empresas. Apesar
de não estar explicitamente definido no texto, essas
agências são uma espécie de SPC para as Ltdas e
SAs - empresas que emitem ações. E essas agências
são consultadas para informar a situação do crédito
das empresas.
Alternativa: C
85. Comentário: No caso da Enron, como
acompanhamos em notícias, todos foram pegos de
surpresa e as agências não estavam cientes quanto à
situação da empresa. As outras opções apresentam
termos específicos que alteram o significado aparente
da questão (suddenly changed - investors illegally -
allowed . . . to rise . . . rapidly - . . . wanted to dominate
. . .).
Alternativa: D
86. Comentário: Na linha 5, a sentença que inicia com
“Stung by a precipitous downgrade. . .” significa que a
empresa Tycos levou uma ferroada (sting - stang - stung
Central de Concursos
= ferroar - literal e figurativo) com o rebaixamento
repentino do seu índice de crédito.
Alternativa: B
87. Comentário: Esta questão refere-se à relação entre
o valor de uma nota emitida por uma empresa e o índice
de crédito dessa empresa, o que determina o lastro da
nota (Linha 10 “it seems a bond’s rating...”). De acordo
com o texto, as empresas com o índice BBB (triple-B)
tinham uma variação de aproximadamente 20 pontos
percentuais. Hoje, essa variação aumentou seis vezes,
diminuindo a credibilidade da avaliação.
Alternativa: A
88. Comentário: O número exato de analistas que
avaliam e determinam o crédito das empresas não é
mencionado no texto.
Alternativa: E
89. Comentário: No início do texto é mencionado que
o Mint (Casa da Moeda) americano foi criado em 2 de
abril de 1792.
Alternativa: B
90. Comentário: Aqui pouco tem-se a dizer, já que em
nenhum momento o departamento de energia foi
mencionado no texto.
Alternativa: E
91. Comentário: (Tradução do item D = um corte
necessário no gasto público.). A primeira linha do
segundo parágrafo diz que o governo terá que reduzir
despesas até o final do ano (“Specialists say that the
government would have to reduce monthly expenses
immediately until the end of the year…”).
Alternativa: D
92. Comentário: (Tradução do item B = devem ser
levados em conta / consideração). Na sentença “The
main problem is that state employees’ salaries have
been raised and an extra R$ 3.1 billion will have to be
paid next year.” (O principal problema é que o salário
dos funcionários públicos foi elevado, e um extra de
R$ 3,1 bilhões terá que ser pago no ano que vem.). É
mostrado que uma quantia de R$3,1 de reais terá que
ser levada em conta.
Alternativa: B
93. Comentário: (Tradução do item A = pode ser
atingido / alcançado.) Ao longo do texto percebe-se por
2 vezes que é dito que o plano é factível (feasible), ou
seja, que ele é possível de ser colocado em prática.
Muitos(as) candidatos(as), erroneamente, assinalaram
a alternativa C, porém a palavra “hardly” expressa que
é quase impossível atingir a meta do orçamento.
Alternativa: A
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 53
94. Comentário: A expressão “technology-driven
growth” significa “crescimento impulsionado pela
tecnologia”. O crescimento sustentado pela inovação
tecnológica é o tema do livro escrito pelos dois
economistas liberais.
Alternativa: C
95. Comentário: Em nenhum momento é mencionado
algo a respeito de reforma tributária. As outras 4
alternativas estão explicitamente referidas no texto.
Alternativa: D
96. Comentário: (Tradução do item C = está mudando
radicalmente devido a novas informações.) No meio
do primeiro parágrafo temos a seguinte sentença:
“Analyses of hundreds of history’s greatest thinkers have
been undertaken to identify the personality traits and
life contingencies they shared. These analyses, added
to joint efforts in the cognitive sciences and
neurophysiology, have brought together data, which
have shattered the traditional view of genius.” (Análises
de centenas dos grandes pensadores da história têm
sido feitas a fim de identificar traços de personalidade
e contingências de vida que eles compartilharam. Essas
análises, com esforços conjuntos das ciências
cognitivas e neurofisiologia, coletaram informações que
abalaram / destruiram (shattered) a tradicional visão
de gênio / super dotado...).
Alternativa: C
97. Comentário: (Tradução do item A = combina idéias
e modos de percepção em uma maneira criativa.). Isto
é claramente expresso no parágrafo 2, veja o trecho
extraído desse parágrafo: “…the true genius merges
disparate ideas of unrelated fields not only to answer
old questions but to pose new ones. Childlike
enthusiasm, iconoclasm, introversion and synesthesia
- the combination of different modes of perception - have
also been observed to be part of the ingredients of
creative genius.(… o verdadeiro gênio (super dotado)
funde idéias díspares de campos não relacionados, não
somente para responder antigas perguntas, mas para
fazer novas. Entusiasmo infantil, iconoclasta,
introversão e sinestesia - a combinação de diferentes
modos de percepção – têm, também, sido observados
como parte dos ingredientes de um gênio / super dotado
criativo.)
Alternativa: A
98. Comentário: (Tradução do item D = crianças nos
programas educacionais mencionados não são
obrigadas a marchar passo a passo com seus
colegas.). Esta idéia está clara no trecho do terceiro
parágrafo a seguir: “This view has fostered the
development of programmes in which the individual
needs of every child are met. A reaction against
54 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
specialization also seems to be on the way: in the future,
students may be encouraged to ‘have a go’ at different
tasks and discover previously overlooked talents.” (Esta
visão tem fomentado o desenvolvimento de programas
nos quais as necessidades individuais de cada criança
são supridas. Uma reação contra a especialização
parece estar a caminho: no futuro os alunos podem
ser estimulados / encorajados a ‘ter um incentivo’ em
diferentes tarefas e descobrir talentos antes
despercebidos.).
Alternativa: D
99. Comentário: (Tradução do item D = desejam que
computadores sejam úteis às pessoas.) Isso pode ser
encontrado no trecho “…whereas women wanted
machines that met people’s needs, ‘the perfect mother’,
ou seja, … ao passo que mulheres queriam máquinas
que satisfizessem as necessidades das pessoas.”
Alternativa: D
100. Comentário: (Tradução do item C = gostam de
ser desafiados em fazer um computador funcionar
novamente.). No trecho a seguir essa idéia está
extremamente clara, veja: “When it doesn’t, men are
stimulated by the challenge to get the computer working
again.”, ou seja, “Quando não funciona, os homens são
estimulados pelo desafio de conseguir fazer o
computador funcionar novamente.”
Alternativa: C
101. Comentário: (Tradução do item A = homens e
mulheres se relacionam com a tecnologia de maneiras
diferentes.) Vários pontos ilustram essa idéia. Além das
duas respostas anteriores ainda há um trecho que diz
que em um estudo recente homens e mulheres foram
solicitados a imaginar máquinas do futuro e que os
homens imaginaram máquinas que pudessem fazê-los
conquistar o universo, ao passo que a mulheres
imaginaram máquinas que pudessem satisfazer as
necessidades das pessoas “a mãe perfeita” (... in a
recent study, men and women were asked to dream up
machines of the future. Men typically imagined devices
that could help them conquer the universe, whereas
women wanted machines that met people’s needs, ‘the
perfect mother’.
Alternativa: A
102. Comentário: A expressão “in charge of”, do item
A, significa “encarregado de” e a tradução dessa
alternativa é “encarregado de cobrar os impostos.” No
início do texto, é dito que os cobradores de imostos
eram conhecidos como scribes (“…tax collectors were
known as scribes…”).
Alternativa: A
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103. Comentário: (Tradução do item B = restituível,
ou seja, pode ser devolvido.) No trecho que diz “The
Greeks were one of the few societies that were able to
resend the tax once the emergency was over.”, ou seja,
“Os gregos eram uma das poucas sociedades que eram
capazes de devolver (resend) o imposto, uma vez que
a emergência de guerra tivesse terminada”.
Alternativa: B
104. Comentário: (Tradução do item C = derivava de
ativos deixados por alguém que morreu.). A palavra
“inheritance” significa “herança”, ou seja, é uma questão
na qual se testa, se o(a) candidato(a) possui
conhecimento de vocabulário específico. Caso o(a)
candidato(a) não soubesse o significado da palavra,
ele(a) conseguiria acertar por eliminação, já que as
outras alternativas estão completamente erradas. Isso,
porém, exigiria a utilização de minutos preciosos que
poderiam fazer falta em uma questão mais trabalhosa
ou difícil.
Alternativa: C
105. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa A = genética
provavelmente determina metade dela (inteligência.).
Na sua primeira resposta Edoardo diz que: “…
aproximadamente 50% dela (inteligência) é
determinada pela genética, e a outra parte é
determinada pelo meio ambiente e experiência.
(“…..about 50 percent of it will be determined by
genetics, and the other portion determined by
environment and experience.”).
Alternativa: A
106. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa C =
memória está espalhada por muitas áreas do cérebro.)
Em sua segunda resposta Edoard diz que “Memória
está distribuída por todo o cérebro.” (“Memory is
distributed throughout the brain.”).
Alternativa: C
107. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa E = funções
serão auxiliadas.) No meio de sua segunda resposta
Edoardo diz que “…ele não readquirirá suas lembranças
quando eu colocar novas células. Mas o novo implante
(de células) ajudará na recuperação de sua memória e
em todas as suas outras funções cerebrais.”). (“…he
won’t reacquire his memories when I put new cells in.
But the new implant will assist in the recovery of his
memory and in all his other brain functions.”)
Alternativa: E
108. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa D = seguir
uma política de comércio externo comum.) No segundo
parágrafo, há a seguinte sentença: “Mercosur’s
founders intended the group to have a common foreign-
trade policy,…”(Os fundadores do Mercosul pretendiam
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que o grupo tivesse uma política de comércio externo
comum…”).
Alternativa: D
109. Comentários: (Tradução da alternativa E =
baseados em suas próprias necessidades.). Na frase
“… for reasons of their own, Brazil and Argentina agreed
to increase external tariffs…” (…por razões próprias,
Brasil e Argentina concordaram em aumentar tarifas
externas…”) o autor nos indica que a alternativa correta
é a E.
Alternativa: E
110. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa C =
algumas despesas de mudanças são dedutíveis.) A
primeira linha do texto traz essa informação: “Taxpayers
who change jobs or are transferred to another job
location during the year can deduct part of their moving
expenses.” (Contribuintes que mudam de trabalho ou
são transferidos para outro local de trabalho durante o
ano podem deduzir parte de suas despesas de
mudança.”)
Alternativa: C
111. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa A =
deduções de despesas de mudanças.). O texto inteiro
trata desse assunto, explicando, inclusive, o que pode-
se e o que não se pode deduzir.
Alternativa: A
112. Comentário: (Tradução da alternativa E = terão
que ser atendidas) . O texto diz que somente pessoas
que trabalharem 39 semanas em tempo integral durante
os primeiros 12 meses e que estejam a mais de 50
milhas de distância da antiga casa é se beneficiam das
deduções.
Alternativa: E
113. Comentário: Vamos traduzir a citação feita: “Neste
mundo nada é certo, exceto a morte e os impostos.”. O
segredo desta questão é o fato da palvra “BUT” ser
utilizada com o sentido de exceto. A maioria das
pessoas conhece a palavra “BUT” como “MAS”. A
tradução da alternativa E é: são as únicas certezas
neste mundo (a morte e os impostos.)”.
Alternativa: E
114. Comentário: No segundo parágrafo o autor diz:
No final do século XX a questão é como tributar
comércio via Internet.” A tradução da alternativa B é:
“… impor tributos sobre as transações comerciais feitas
via Internet.”
Alternativa: B
115. Comentário: No último parágrafo, o autor diz:
“Desnecessário dizer, que os governos estão
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preocupados em se certificar que o anonimato e a
natureza sem fronteiras da Internet não leve a uma
redução na receita tributária dos governos.”. Ou seja,
que as características naturais da Internet não reduza
a arrecadação do governo.
Alternativa: A
116. Comentário: Tradução da alternativa D: ”No
século XIX tributos ainda não tinham sido criados.” A
pergunta que deveria ser respondida era “o que não
reflete o conteúdo do texto?”, ou seja, a alternativa deve
trazer uma informação incorreta. Ao longo do texto
(primeiro parágrafo, o autor diz que “no final do século
XIX, o problema era como tributar vendas pelo
telégrafo”. Ou seja, fica implícito que impostos já
existiam, porém a dificuldade era como praticá-los.
Outra indicação de que impostos já existiam no século
XIX, é a própria citação feita em 1792 (século XVIII).
Alternativa: D
117. Comentário: Tradução da alternativa C: “Causa
de preocupação atual.” O texto trata do problema da
tributação das vendas da Internet, a partir do segundo
parágrafo, com verbos conjugados no presente. Outro
fator, é o fato de que a Internet tem origem no século
XX. Outro detalhe, este texto foi pedido em uma prova
no século XX (até o ano 2000).
Alternativa: C
118. Comentário: De acordo com alguns dicionários,
a palavra “minute” significa: “minuta ou ata de uma
reunião”. Por outro lado, também é trazido pelos
mesmos dicionários, que a palavra “minutew”, ou seja,
na sua forma plural significa somente “ata”. Portanto, a
alternativa correta é a C. Questão difícil, pois trata-se
de conhecimento muito específico do idioma.
Alternativa: C
119. Comentário: No texto, o autor diz que a balança
comercial não terá muitos problemas mesmo com a
queda nas exportações, já que o nível das importações,
também, vai cair. Nada sobre PIB e taxas de juros é
mencionado no texto. Portanto, somente a crise
energética é explicitamente apontada como um dos
fatores do aumento do índice de inflação.
Alternativa: E
120. Comentário: Aqui, uma questão para aqueles que
estudaram gramática mais profundamente. O verbo
anômalo “should” via de regra é utilizado expressando
“recomendação” ou “conselho”. Em sentenças que
expressam algo mais formal, ele pode, também ser
utilizado com a idéia de “possibilidade.”
Alternativa: D
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121. Comentário: Questão de conhecimento de
vocabulário específico. “Surplus” é o oposto de “déficit”,
portanto “surplus = superávit ou excedente.”
Alternativa: B
122. Comentário: Pegadinha! No texto é dito:
“Government-administered prices, however, will
probably be the major villains in this year’s inflation.”
(Preços administrados / controlados pelo governo,
entretanto, serão provavelmente os maiores vilões na
inflação neste ano.”). Note que os preços controlados
pelo governo não significa que são as taxas de serviços
administrados pelo governo (item B), como muitos(as)
acabaram respondendo. Questão muito bem elaborada
que pegou muita gente.
Alternativa: D
123. Comentário: “Após preposições, o verbo deve
levar a forma de gerúndio (-ING). Portanto, após a
palavra “after” devemos escrever o verbo no gerúndio.
Alternativa: E
124. Comentário: Há duas formas de se dizer que uma
pessoa tem o salário de $6.20 por hora. Pode-se dizer
$6.20 per hour ou $6.20 an hour.
Alternativa: B
125. Comentário: Every morning he calls his
middleman to find out where he (3)_________ working
and when. (Todas as manhãs ele liga para seu
intermediário para saber onde ele estará trabalhando
e quando.). ”Esta é a única alternativa que dá sentido à
sentença.
Alternativa: C
126. Comentário: O segredo dessa questão é a palavra
“lest” (= a fim de que não, de forma que não). Dado
isto, a tradução da sentença está na alternativa A.
Alternativa: A
127. Comentário: Texto muito bem feito onde se conta
a história de um lavador de janelas nas maiores
empresas de informática no Vale do Silício. Portanto,
na sentença “He washes them”, o pronome “them” se
refere às janelas.
Alternativa: D
128. Comentário: No trecho “I found that the various
political debates in (1) _________ I got embroiled… (Eu
descobri que nos vários debates políticos nos quais eu
me envolvi…”). O pronome relativo adequado é “which”.
Alternativa: C
129. Comentário: Ao traduzirmos a sentença “Why not
divide the children, for half an hour daily, into classes
based (2) __________ on age, but on religious
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denomination? (Por que não dividir as crianças por meia
hora por dia em aulas baseadas não em idade, mas
em denominações religiosas?). É a única alternativa
que dá sentido à sentença.
Alternativa: E
130. Comentário: O autor diz, no início do texto, “When
I first came to the United States…,”(Quando eu vim aos
EUA pela primeira vez…). Ou seja, ele não nasceu lá
e, deste modo ele não é americano.
Alternativa: A
131. Comentário: Tacky significa “brega”, ou seja,
alternativa D (de gosto ruim, de mau gosto).
Alternativa: D
132. Comentário: Ao longo do texto é largamente
comentado que um museu não precisa ser
necessariamente sobre arte. A sentença “Who says a
museum has to be about art? (Quem disse que um
musem tem que ser sobre arte?) traz tal idéia. Outra
sentença é “The “stuff’ on display is secondary.”(O
material exposto é secundário.). Outra sentença que
expressa que um museu pode ser sobre qualquer coisa
(tradução do item C) é “…curators are realizing they
don’t need a Picasso to bring in the crowds. Mummies,
or shoes – or even bananas – will work just as well.
(…curadores estão percebendo que eles não precisam
de um Picasso para atrair uma multidão. Múmias, ou
sapatos – ou até mesmo bananas – servirão da mesma
forma.).
Alternativa: C
133. Comentário: Wacky significa “estranho”, ou seja,
alternativa C (weird = estranho).
Alternativa: C
134. Comentário: Até por exclusão poderia se
responder essa questão. Tirando-se o item B, as outras
alternativas fogem ao bom senso. Na última linha a
sentença “It increases fitness and energy, lowers the
risk of heart disease, releases tension and reduces
sleeplessness.”(“Aumenta o condicionamento físico e
energia, o risco de doenças do coração, libera a tensão
e reduz insônia.”).
Alternativa: B
135. Comentário: O trecho “Although slower to take it
up, the British have recently started running in greater
numbers”. (Embora, mais vagarosamente os britâncos
começaram a praticar…”) nos dá a idéia de que os
britânicos começaram a se interessar em correr mais
tarde.”).
Alternativa: B
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136. Comentário: A sentença “In the 20th century,
women in America have achieved substantial gains in
terms of social and economic equality with men -…”(No
séc. XX, mulheres na América alcançaram / têm
alcançado ganhos em termos de igualdade econômica
e social com os homens - …”) mostra a idéia expressa
pela alternativa B.
Alternativa: B
137. Comentário: Aqui, temos a tradução da sentença,
ou seja, não se trata de uma questão de interpretação
de textos.
Alternativa: C
138. Comentário: A sentença “Politics is especially
appealing to women who wish to effect social changes.”
(Política está particularmente atraindo as mulheres que
desejam efetivar mudanças sociais.).
Alternativa: C
139. Comentário: “Were described”(foram descritos)
é a forma do verbo no passado simples que deve ser
utilizado quando nos referímos num passado
determinado (yesterday = ontem). A tradução da
sentença “The proposed demolition of 49 large houses
in St. Agnes Place, Kennington, south London, and
Lambeth Borough Council’s plan to turn the site into
open spaces, at a cost of 40,000 pounds “(1) ________
yesterday.”(A proposta demolição de 49 grandes casas
em St. Agnes, Kennington, sul de Londres, e o plano
do Lambeth Borough Council de transformar/mudar o
local em locais abertos, a um custo de 40.000 libras
foram descritos ontem.”) mostra a coerência da
tradução com a alternativa E sendo colocada na lacuna.
Alternativa: E
140. Comentário: Checar dicionário. Aqui, o
conhecimento de vocabulário foi testado. Ou você sabe
o que a palavra significa, ou chuta.
Alternativa: E
141. Comentário: Checar a tradução da sentença da
alternativa E. To change = mudar.
Alternativa: E
142. Comentário: A última sentença do texto “Under
license from the council it specializes in finding
temporary or short-life housing for the homeless.” (Sob
licença do conselho, ele (o grupo) se especialize em
encontrar moradia temporária ou para curtos períodos
de tempo para os sem teto/desabrigados.) traz essa
informação.
Alternativa: A
143. Comentário: A sentença “For centuries explorers
(143)___________ the wide-open spaces
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 57
seeking…”(Há séculos exploradores têm vagado/
perambulado os vastos espaços procurando …). Só
faz sentido se a alternativa D preencher a lacuna.
Alternativa: D
144. Comentário: Aqui deve se saber que a preposição
após o verbo To worry(preocupar-se) é “about”. Aqui,
exigiu-se conhecimento de regência verbal em inglês.
Quem não conhecia a regência em questão só acertaria
a questão através do “chute”.
Alternativa: E
145. Comentário: Na frase “The wide open spaces are
still there; it is just that they are not quite so wide
nowadays. Our own perspectives have become(145)
______________.” (Os vastos espaços abertos ainda
estão lá; simplesmente é o fato de que eles não são
tão vastos hoje em dia. Nossas perspectivas se
tornaram mais vastas(= wider). A alternativa E traz o
adjetivo “wide” na forma de comparativo de
superioridade. Desse modo a sentença fica com
sentido.
Alternativa: E
146. Comentário: Exige-se, aqui, o conhecimento da
palavra “scarcely” (mal, quase não, dificilmente) que
tem o mesmo significado de “barely”.
Alternativa: C
147. Comentário: As frases: “But what are those
oceans now? Scarcely the terror they once were. (Mas,
o que são os oceanos agora/hoje em dia? Dificilmente
o terror que eles já foram uma vez/um dia.) mostram
que os oceanos não têm o mesmo significado/
importância para os viajantes. A tradução da alternativa
A é “A importância dos oceanos mudou para os
viajantes.”).
Alternativa: A
148. Comentário: A sentença “This was the first
administration to introduce government planning into
the economy. “ (Essa foi a primeira administração a
introduzir planejamento governamental na economia.).
mostra essa idéia.
Alternativa: E
149. Comentário: A sentença “Over the next two years,
millions of unemployed were given jobs in public works
projects, and emergency relief was provided for others
in order to create greater internal demand for American
products.”(Ao longo dos próximos 2 anos, milhões de
desempregados receberam trabalhos em projetos de
obras públicas, e alívio emergencial foi provido a fim
de criar uma maior demanda interna por produtos
americanos.). Explica porque a alternativa correta é a
C.
Alternativa: C
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150. Comentário: Nesta questão tem que se saber a 177. POLITICS = política(subst)
tradução das palavras “incomes”(renda, rendimento) e 178. POLICE = polícia
seu sinônimo “gain” (ganhos). 179. POLICY = linha de ação, estratégia(política)
Alternativa: D 180. TO LIVE = morar, viver, residir
181. TO LEAVE = sair, deixar, partir
151. Comentário: Cuidado para não confundir os 182. LEVY = tributo
nomes. La Mina é o nome de um bar e Nuevo Laredo é 183. TO HEAT = aparecer
o nome de uma cidade. A sentença que traz a 184. TO HIT = bater, socar
informação da alternativa B é: “U.S. visitors to Mexico 185. MONTH = mês
used to make this bar one of the busiest gathering 186. MOUTH = boca
places in the border city of Nuevo Laredo.”. (Visitantes 187. MONTHLY = mensal
americanos costumavam fazer deste bar um dos pontos 188. WON´T = contração de WILL NOT
de encontro mais movimentados da fronteira de Nuevo 189. WANT = querer
Laredo.). 190. WENT = passado do verbo TO GO
Alternativa: B 191. (TO) HAVE = ter, possuir
192. HEAVY = pesado(a)
152. Comentário: A sentença que traz essa informação 193. TO OWN = possuir, ter
é Business is down 70 percent, says the owner, Juan 194. TO OWE = deve
Miguel Anzaldúa. “I haven’t fired anybory yet”, he says. 195. LEVER = alavanca
“But I don’t know how much longer I can avoid it.” 196. LEVEL = nível
(Negócios cairam 70%, diz o proprietário, Juan Miguel 197. TO RESEARCH = pesquisar
Anzáldua. “Ainda não despedi ninguém, ele diz. Mas 198. TO SEARCH = procurar
não sei quanto mais tempo eu consigo evitar.”). 199. EMPLOYEE = empregado
Alternativa: C 200. EMPLOYER = empregador
201. (TO) EMPLOY = empregar
153. Comentário: Pela última sentença do texto “Many 202. EMPLOYMENT = emprego
local residents are wondering if things will ever be the 203. EVERY DAY = todos os dias
same.”(Muitos residentes locais estão querendo saber 204. EVERY OTHER DAY = dia sim, dia não (No texto
se as coisas voltarão algum dia ser as mesmas.”). 15, essa foi a expressão chave para se responder a
Alternativa: B questão 2)
205. TO AFFECT = afetar, ter influência sobre
Traduções das palavras anteriores. 206. TO EFFECT = produzir, causar
154. THOUGH = contudo 207. BOUGHT = comprou, comprado (passado e
155. ALTHOUGH = embora particípio passado de TO BUY)
156. THOUGHT = pensou, pensado (passado e 208. BOTH = ambos(as)
particípio passado de TO THINK) 209. BEEN = sido, estado
157. THROUGH = através 210. BEING = sendo, estando
158. THOROUGHÞ = completo 211. PLANE = avião
159. THROUGHOUT = por todo(a), ao longo de 212. PLAN = plano
160. DEVELOPED = desenvolvido 213. TAXES = impostos
161. DEVELOPING = em desenvolvimento 214. TAXIS = táxis
162. WORD = palavra 215. (TO) BUY = comprar
163. WORLD = mundo 216. BY = por, de (preposição)
164. TO CHANGE = mudar 217. TO LEND = emprestar
165. TO CHARGE = cobrar 218. TO RENT = alugar
166. TO EXCHANGE = mudar, trocar 219. LENT = (passado e particípio passado de TO
167. EVEN = mesmo, até mesmo LEND)
168. EVER = já, sempre 220. THAN = do que
169. WHEREAS = ao passo que 221. THEN = então
170. WHETHER = se 222. THEM = lo, la, lhes, os, as (pronomes do caso
171. (TO) WEATHER = resistir a oblíquo)
172. WEATHER = clima 223. MUST = dever, ter
173. AT LEAST = ao/pelo menos 224. MOST = a maioria, mais
174. AT LAST = finalmente 225. TO PLAY = desempenhar, jogar
175. POLITICAL = político(a) (adj) 226. TO PRAY = rezar, orar
176. POLITICIAN = político (profissão) 227. TO PAY = pagar, prestar (atenção)
Central de Concursos 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 59

228. ON THE ONE HAND = por um lado 282. TO JEOPARDIZE = por em risco / perigo
229. ON THE OTHER HAND = por outro lado 283. PROFIT = lucro
230. IF = se 284. TO STEER = guiar, conduzir
231. OF = de, do, da 285. TARGET = meta, alvo
232. OFF = desligado 286. YEAR-END = de fim de ano (adjetivo)
233. ON TIME = no horário 287. REVENUE = receita
234. IN TIME = em tempo 288. INCOME TAX = imposto de renda
235. AT TIMES = ocasionalmente 289. TAX INCOME = renda tributária
236. EXPENSE = despesa 290. KEY = chave, principal
237. EXPENSIVE = caro(a) 291. TO BORROW = tomar / pegar emprestado
238. EXPENDITURE = gasto, despesa 292. TO LEND – LENT – LENT = emprestar
239. FORMER = antigo, ex- 293. TO RELEASE = liberar
240. FARMER = fazendeiro 294. TO REMAIN = permanecer
241. MAIN = principal 295. ON THE WAY = no caminho, na direção
242. MAN = homem 296. SHORTAGE = escassez
243. MEN = homens 297. DRAMMATICALLY = radicalmente, dramaticamente
244. THESE = este, esta, isto 298. SURPLUS = superávit, excedente
245. THERE = lá, aí 299. TO IMPROVE = melhorar
246. TREAUSRE = tesouro 300. EFFECTIVE = eficaz
247. TREASURY = Secretaria da Fazenda, Tesouro 301. DISMAL = sombrio
Nacional 302. SHIFT = mudança, troca
248. WERE = estavam, eram, foram, estiveram ... 303. NO LONGER = não mais
(verbo TO BE) 304. TO LEAD – LED – LED = liderar, guiar, conduzir
249. WHERE = onde 305. LAYOFFF = demissão
250. CUSTOMS = alfândega 306. TO ACHIEVE = alcançar
251. CUSTOMER = freguês, cliente 307. TO TIGHTEN = apertar
252. FEW = poucos(as) 308. YET = ainda, embora
253. A FEW = alguns(as) 309. EVEN THOUGH = embora
254. LATE = tarde, atrasado 310. TO CEASE = cessar, parar
255. LATEST = último(a), o(a) mais recente 311. BACKWATER = água estagnada
256. LATER = mais tarde 312. TO CHANGE = mudar, trocar
257. LAST = último 313. CUSTOMS = alfândega, alfandegário(a) (adjetivo)
258. (TO) LAST = durar(verbo) 314. FURTHER = posterior, adicional, futuro, mais
259. TEXT = texto, leitura distante
260. TEST = teste, prova 315. TO DELIVER = entregar
261. EASING BIAS = viés de baixa 316. TO RESIGN = pedir demissão
262. TO SPUR = estimular 317. FORMER = ex-, antigo
263. TO LADLE OUT = retirar 318. BEGINNING = início, começo
264. TO SHOWER = colocar, despejar 319. TREND = tendência
265. BUDGET = orçamento 320. AHEAD = à frente, perante
266. TIGHT-FISTED = pulso firme 321. BANKING SECRECY LAWS = leis de sigilo
267. TO LOOM = surgir bancário
268. RATING AGENCY = agência de classificação 322. UNPAID = não pago(a)(s)
269. ROLE = função, papel 323. REPORTEDLY = segundo consta
270. TO DEVALUE = desvalorizar 324. ELSE = mais
271. CURRENCY = moeda 325. DESPITE (IN SPITE OF) = apesar de
272. POWER = poder, energia 326. EVEN = (até) mesmo
273. TOUGH STRETCH = período difícil 327. LEFTWING = esquerda (posicionamento político)
274. FORECAST = previsão 328. RIGHTWING = direita (posicionamento político)
275. CUT = corte 329. TO SPREAD = espalhar, difundir
276. TO LIFT = elevar 330. TAX BURDEN = carga tributária
277. TO INCREASE = incrementar 331. TURMOIL = caos, distúrbio, turbilhão
278. TO RAISE = elavar 332. MINT = casa da moeda
279. TO RISE – ROSE – RISEN = subir 333. TO POUR = despejar
280. TO DECREASE = decrescer 334. TO VOW = prometer
281. TO DROP = cair, despencar 335. SPENDING = gasto
60 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
336. HIGH-COST = de alto custo(adjetivo)
337. LONG-LASTING = de longa duração (adjetivo)
338. ALL BUT = quase
339. YAWNING = enorme, escancarado
340. GOODS = bens, produtos, mercadorias
341. AVERAGE = médio(a) (substantivo e adjetivo)
342. PROCEDURE = procedimento
343. TO ALLOW = permitir, capacitar, habilitar
344. THUS = conseqüentemente
345. SUCH AS = tal / tais como
346. COSTLY = custoso, caro
347. HARROWING = penoso, angustiante
348. THRIVING = próspero
349. TO TAKE PLACE = acontecer, ocorrer
350. TO FEAR = temer, ter medo de
351. TO AVOID = evitar
352. PROBE = investigação
353. REBOUND = recuperação
COMENTÁRIO GERAL SOBRE VOCABULÁRIO
EM PROVAS OFICIAIS
Você notou que grande parte das palavras não aparece
em livros de cursos regulares e, por isso, preste a
atenção a acontecimentos econômicos, políticos e
sociais que estejam ocorrendo na época das provas e
procure saber como se fala palavras relacionadas a
tais acontecimentos. As provas são difíceis,
principalmente por causa do vocabulário técnico.
Não descarte nenhuma palavra por achar que ela é
muito estranha e rara. Aí que mora o perigo.
354. Comentário: O verbo “to yield” significa “render-
se” que é o mesmo significado do verbo utilizado no
texto, to bow, que significa, em termos figurados, baixar
a cabeça ao se curvar o corpo para a frente (como o
cumprimento feito pelos japoneses).
Alternativa: B
355. Comentário: Na última frase do texto temos a
seguinte afirmação, “But instead of being released with
a fanfare, they were summarized in three short
paragraphs and buried in a bulky WHO internal
document.”(Mas ao invés de ser liberada com grande
estardalhaço, eles foram resumidos em três curtos
parágrafos e enterrados em um volumoso documento
interno da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS).
Tradução da alternativa B é que os resultados da
pesquisa “foram publicados somente em um
documento interno”.
Alternativa: B
356. Comentário: O verbo utilizado no texto para dizer
que a OMS erradicou a varíola é “To wipe out”. O trecho
que diz isso está no primeiro parágrafo (Is the body
that wiped out smallpox and has done so much to
Central de Concursos
promote mass vaccination losing its way? = O órgão
que erradicou a varíola e fez tanto para promover
vacinação em massa está perdendo terreno?)
Alternativa: A
357. Comentário: No trecho “In recent weeks the
reputation of the World Health Organisation (WHO)
has suffered a number of blows,…”(Em recentes
semanas a reputação da OMS tem sofrido uma série
de ataques,…) explica que a OMS tem sido duramenrte
criticada.
Alternativa: B
358. Comentário: Esta questão está respondida na
questão 354. A tradução da alternativa completa é
“Pressões políticas estão influenciando a OMS.
Alternativa: A
359. Comentário: “A única alternativa plausível é a
alternativa E. Ela é expressa nas primeiras três linhas.
As demais alternativas são todas descabidas.
Alternativa: E
360. Comentário: No texto é dito: “…to combat the
increasing dissatisfaction of employees at every level
with the quality of their working lives, despite higher
salaries,…” (para combater a crescente insatisfação
dos empregados apesar de salários mais altos, …).
Ou seja, nem sempre resolvem o problema da
insatisfação.
Alternativa: D
361. Comentário: Os trabalhadores dos escritórios
dizem que se vêem presos em um exército de escravos
de “empurradores de papel” (a growing number of white-
collar workers see themselves as conscripted into a
slave army of paper pusher.). Ou seja, se sentem
restritos.
Alternativa: D
362. Comentário: O autor mostra outros fatores que
levam à insatisfação no trabalho. Ele diz no trecho:
“…drabness, lack of recognition, impersonality and
apparent pointlessness of their jobs.”; ou seja,
monotonia, falta de reconhecimento, impessoalidade
e aparente inutilidade de seus empregos.
Alternativa: E
363. Comentário: Da mesma forma, o autor menciona
outros fatores que não resolvem a insatisfação. Veja a
resposta anterior. Um outro exemplo, está na resposta
da questão 359.
Alternativa: C
364. Comentário: É um sistema inovador. O autor diz
no início do texto, que em 1989, em Porto Alegre, surgiu
Central de Concursos
com uma solução radical, ou seja, era tradicional, mas
agora é feito em novos moldes.
Alternativa: C
365. Comentário. No texto é dito, no segundo parágrafo
que: “In some cases, the community delegates also
oversee implementation of the final projects.” Nota-se
que é dito: “Em alguns casos os representantes da
comunidade, também supervisionam a implantação dos
projetos finais.” O verbo “oversee”, que é dado na
alternativa B significa, também “supervisionar”.
Alternativa: B
366. Comentário: O orçamento participativo, de acordo
com o texto, é explicado por um orçamento que é
decidido pela comunidade, ou seja, refere-se (concerns)
à alocação de fundos (recursos). Isso é explicado ao
longo do texto.
Alternativa: A
367. Comentário: “No segundo parágrafo é dita a
seguinte sentença: “…(Putin) is seen as someone who
can get taxes collected and close the budget deficit.”(…
é visto como alguém que pode mandar cobrar mais
impostos e fechar o déficit orçamentário.). Ou seja,
consegue acabar com o déficit. “To bring to an end”
significa “dar um fim”.
Alternativa: B
368. Comentário: Aqui, os segredos, era saber que o
passado do verbo To grow (crescer) é grew, e que last
year = ano passado.
Alternativa: C
369. Comentário: Mergers significa: “fusões” (entre
empresas). Em nenhum momento foi mencionado algo
em relação a isso.
Alternativa: E
370. Comentário: Quando o autor diz: “…since the
early resignation of President Boris Yeltsin.”(… desde
a precoce renúncia de Boris Yeltsin.”), fica claro que
Putin o substitui sem violência.
Alternativa: E
371. Comentário: To bring about é um verbo
preposicionado que significa: “criar, ou seja, “to cause
to happen” que spossui o mesmo significado.
Alternativa: D
372. Comentário: No início do texto o autor diz: “Most
countries of Latin America stabilized and openedtheur
economies…”(A maioria dos países da América Latina
estabilizaram e abriram suas economias). Ou seja, nem
todos os países fizeram isso.
Alternativa: D
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 61
373. Comentário: Questão confusa, pois não fica claro
o que o autor quer dizer com qualidades (qualities),
tendências (trends) e padrões (standards). De qualquer
maneira, a resposta que mais se aproxima do que o
texto exemplifica é a alternativa A, pois o autor diz no
terceiro parágrafo, os fatores que facilitam reformas,
ou seja, são padrões previsíveis.
Alternativa: A
374. Comentário: No trecho: “As a result, its trade
policy score is 1 point worse this year.” (Como resultado,
sua pontuação / nota da política comercial está 1 ponto
pior este ano.) traz a informação.
Alternativa: D
375. Comentário: No último parágrafo, o autor diz que
o departamento de Estado dos EUA considera os
procedimentos alfandegários opacos (não
transparentes, ou seja, obscuros) e que consomem
tempo (time-consuming, ou seja, vagarosos, sluggish
em inglês.).
Alternativa: C
376. Comentário: O texto inteiro trata da política
comercial da Argentina. Inclusive, fala das barreiras
comerciais entre os países não participantes do
MERCOSUL.
Alternativa: B
377. Comentário: O texto é um tanto confuso, porém
é dito que a Irlanda teve que tomar dinheiro emprestado
para pagar por serviços públicos melhores e que o país
se separou de um país muito maior (com grande
amargura). Ou seja, é um país que não é mais colônia,
porém tem que pegar dinheiro emprestado para pagar
por serviços públicos.
Alternativa: A
378. Comentário: O autor expressa isso na sentença:
“Its gross domestic product is a mere 64% of the
European Community average.” (Seu PIB é meros 64%
da média da Comunidade Européia.).
Alternativa: D
379. Comentário: A única afirmação correta está
expressa no seguinte trecho: “...leading the sector in
the implementation of the most advanced deep water
technology for oil production - a field where it was
awarded the OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY COMPANY
(OTC) prize in 1992.” (... conduzindo o setor na
implantação da mais avançada tecnologia de águas
profundas para produção de petróleo - um campo / setor
que foi premiado com o prêmio Empresa de Tecnologia
Offshore em 1992.).
Alternativa: E
62 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
380. Comentário: As três últimas afirmações não estão
no texto. O texto não menciona nada sobre as unidades
no exterior da Petrobras. Diz, no texto, que não há
dúvida no que tange o sucesso da Petrobras no território
nacional (No doubt that behind PETROBRAS’ success
there is to be seen the capability of all units throughout
the national territory... = Sem dúvida que por trás do
sucesso da Petrobras, há que ser visto que a
capacidade de todas as unidades por todo o território
nacional...). O item V, também não procede, porque o
que é dito no texto, é que a frota de petroleiros da
Petrobras é a maior do hemisfério sul.
Alternativa: B
381. Comentário: Nada é dito com relação às duas
últimas afirmações.
Alternativa: A
382. Comentário: O texto menciona, com relação à
alternativa, o seguinte trecho: “… this system sought to
find new suppliers and vest upon the company such
powers as requires to make its own decisions regarding
the technological and industrial aspects of the oil
business.” (…esse sistema procurou encontrar novos
fornecedores e dar à empresa tal poder, já que requer
que que ela faça suas próprias decisões no que se
refere aos aspectos tecnológicos e industriais do
negócio de petróleo.).
Alternativa: E
383. Comentário: Os itens restantes estão incorretos
porque: no item II o pronome “its” se refere à Petrobrás.
No item III a palavra “chose” é corretamente substituída
pela palavra “opted”, pois o verbo “chose” está no
passado. Enquanto que no item IV, o autor da prova
tentou ludibriar o(a) candidato(a) com a palavra “foreign”
(estrangeiro) que é foneticamente parecido com a
palavra “strange” (estranho).
Alternativa: B
384. Comentário: No texto há o trecho: “A company or
entrepreneur, foreign or domestic, seeking to establish
a new venture or expand an existing enterprise can
approach IFC …” (Uma empresa ou empresário,
estrangeiro ou interno, procurando estabelecer uma
nova atividade ou expandir uma empresa existente
pode se aproximar da IFC…).
Alternativa: E
385. Comentário: O trecho: “The proposal can also be
submitted to the IFC field office that is closest to the
location of the proposed project.” (A proposta pode,
também ser submetida a escritório IFC, que esteja mais
próximo do projeto proposto.). Isto mostra, que o IFC
possui filiais locais (local branches).
Alternativa: E
Central de Concursos
386. Comentário: Pela sentença do início do texto
“International Finance Corporation (IFC) offers a wide
variety of financial products to private sector projects in
developing countries.” (O IFC oferece uma larga
variedade de produtos financeiros para projetos do setor
privado em países em desenvolvimento.); deixa claro
que projetos de instituições públicas não são aceitos
pelo IFC.
Alternativa: D
387. Comentário: Basta consultar um bom dicionário
e veremos que a definição das palavras que foram
utilizadas no texto não são compatíveis com os
sinônimos dados nos outros itens.
Alternativa: C
388. Comentário: Texto razoavelmente simples. No
trecho: “… growth in one country has a greater
probability of contributing to growth in others. But the
reverse is also true. When the world’s largest economy
experiences a sharp drop, that inevitably drags down
others.” (… crescimento em um país tem grande
probabilidade de contribuir para o crescimento em
outros. Mas o contrário, também, é verdadeiro.). Mostra
que as economias mundiais estão ligadas e
interdependentes.
Alternativa: C
389. Comentário: Vamos traduzir o título: “The world’s
three largest economies are limping.Emerging markets
are drifting into financial crisis.”(As três maiores
economias do mundo estão afrouxando / mancando.
Mercados emergentes estão se dirigindo para crise
financeira.). Ou seja, estão atualmente enfrentando
dificuldades, como é dito na alternativa A.
Alternativa: A
390. Comentário: O autor expressa isso no trecho:
“In 1997, a financial crisis in emerging markets led to
recession in those economies. But most were able to
export their way out because the US na Europe were
growing. Now all major economies are slowing down,
… “(Em 1997, uma crise financeira em mercados
emergentes conduziu para recessão aqueles países.
Mas a maioria era capaz de escoar suas produções,
porque os EUA e a Europa estavam crescendo. Agora,
todas as importantes economias estão desacelerando.).
Considerando, também, a resposta na questão 388,
não resta dúvida que a globalização tem suas
vantagens e desvantagens.
Alternativa: D
391. Comentário: “The US Federal Reserve last night
demonstrated its determination to steer the American
economy away from recession when it cut its key
interest rate for the seventh time this year… (O banco
Central de Concursos
central americano, na noite passada, demonstrou sua
determinação de levar a economia americana para
longe da recessão, quando ele cortou sua principal taxa
de juros pela sétima vez esta ano…). Ou seja, este
trecho mostra que a alternativa E está correta.
Alternativa: E
392. Comentário: No trecho “The discount rate fell a
quarter of a point to 3 per cent, matching lows seen in
the early 1990’s. (A taxa / valor de desconto caiu um
quarto de ponto percentual para 3 porcento, igualando-
se a patamares de baixa, vistos no início dos anos 90.).
Mostra que tal queda já ocorreu antes.
Alternativa: A
393. Comentário: No que tange à recessão, o FED
está com o objetivo de evitá-la (avert it). Isto está
evidente, inclusive, na resposta da questão 391.
Alternativa: C
394. Comentário: No texto há o trecho: “At the start of
the year, it was not uncommon to hear businessmen
saying that Brazil was enjoying its best economic
conditions for a generation.” (No início do ano não era
incomum ouvir homens de negócios / empresários
dizendo que o Brazil desfrutava suas melhores
condições econômicas há décadas.). Ou seja, os
empresários expressavam seu otimismo em relação à
economia brasileira.
Alternativa: E
395. Comentário: No segundo parágrafo é dito que:
“Entretanto, dentro de poucos meses, o cenário para o
Brazil se deteriorou radicalmente.”(However, within just
a few months, the outlook for the Brazilian economy
has deteriorated dramatically). Isso mostra, que antes
o cenário era favorável, porém, posteriormente houve
um desapontamento.
Alternativa: A
396. Comentário: Questão muito fácil, pois em nenhum
momento é mencionado algo sobre impacto ambiental
(environmental impact).
Alternativa: B
397. Comentário: Armínio Fraga diz, no trecho: “A
whole series of unexpected factors are to blame. We
have been confronted by a series of shocks, admits
Armínio Fraga, president of the central bank.” (Uma
série de inesperados fatores são culpados. Temos
enfrentado umua série de choques, admite Armínio
Fraga.). No texto é dito que o problema de energia é a
causa principal (main), mas não a única.
Alternativa: D
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 63
398. Comentário: Apesar do texto não estar datado,
essa prova é recente (2001), e pode se considerar que
a produção de petróleo na costa do leste tem sido feita
por aproximadamente 40 anos, já que no texto é dito
que ela foi iniciada em 1968.
Alternativa: E
399. Comentário: Não devemos esquecer que a
questão pede algo que não está correto. Em nenhum
momento é dito, no texto, que Garoupa se tornaria tão
prolífera quanto à região nordeste.
Alternativa: C
400. Comentário: Nesta questão, basta consultar um
bom dicionário e verificar que somente as duas últimas
fazem sentido.
Alternativa: E
401. Comentário: Na primeira linha é dito que o GAO
é o braço investigativo do Congresso. (The General
Accounting Office is the investigative arm of Congress).
Alternativa: B
402. Comentário: Nesta questão a solução correta se
encontra no trecho “GAO is dedicated to good
government through its commitment to the core values
of accountability, integrity, and reliability.” (O TCU é
dedicado ao bom governo, através de seu
comprometimento com os valores centrais de
responsabilidade, integridade e confiabilidade.). Ou
seja, a alternativa A diz: transparente, honesto e
confiável. A pegadinha é a palavra “dependable”, que
significa “confiável. Não confundir com “dependent” =
dependente.
Alternativa: A
403. Comentário: O autor mostra que vários
profissionais de diversas áreas estão presentes no
quadro de funcionários do GAO. Observe o trecho
“GAO’s analysts, auditors, lawyers, economists,
information technology specialists, investigators, and
other multidisciplinary professionals seek to enhance
the economy, efficiency, effectiveness, and credibility
of the federal government …” (Analistas, auditores,
advogados, economistas, especialistas em tecnologia
da informação, investigadores, e outros profissionais
multidisciplinares procuram melhorar a economia,
eficiência, eficácia e credibilidade do governo
federal…).
Alternativa: C
404. Comentário: No texto aparece o trecho: “GAO
helps the Congress oversee federal programs and
operations to ensure accountability to the American
people.” (O GAO auxilia o Congresso a supervisionar
64 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
programas e operações federais para garantir a
responsabilidade para o povo americano.).
Alternativa: D
405. Comentário: Nesta questão devemos consultar
um dicionário e verificar que foram utilizadas palavras
sinônimas às utilizadas no texto.
Alternativa: D
406. Comentário: Esta questão chega a ser ridícula e,
podemos dizer que subestima a inteligência do(a)
candidato(a). Não é nem necessário ler o texto para
saber que o GAO não FAZ transmissão de partido
político pela TV.
Alternativa: E
407. Comentário: No segundo parágrafo o autor
mostra que há uma regulamentação para os três
primeiros itens mencionados anteriormente, e uma
regulamentação para o último item mencionado.
Alternativa: E
408. Comentário: No texto há o trecho: “The amounts
of these products that can be acquired by distributors
from PETROBRAS are subject to control by the DNC…”
(Os volumes desses produtos que podem ser
adquiridos pelo distribuidor da Petrobrás são sujeitos
ao controle do DNC…). Ou seja, se O DNC controla
tais volumes, ele mantém registros dos montantes
comprados.
Alternativa: A
409. Comentário: Observe o trecho: “…changes to
orders, such as additional orders, reductions, transfers
or anticipated delivery can also be analysed by the area,
according to the regions in which each distributor
operates.” (… mudanças nos pedidos, tais como
pedidos adicionais, reduções, transferências ou entrega
antecipada podem, também, ser analisadas pela área,
de acordo com as regiões nas quais cada distribuidor
opera.).
Alternativa: E
410. Comentário: Nesta questão devemos consultar
um dicionário e verificar que foram utilizadas palavras
sinônimas às utilizadas no texto.
Alternativa: B
411. Comentário: O primeiro parágrafo retrata a
situação ruim das economias da América Latina. O
começo do parágrafo 2 diz: “que no início dos anos 80,
governos latinos mudaram porque o desempenho
econômico era sombrio…”(But beginning of the 1980s,
Latin governments changed, because economic
performance was dismal…). Ou seja, como diz na
Central de Concursos
alternativa C, a situação econômica da América Latina
era pobre e, conseqüentemente requeria mudanças.
Alternativa: C
412. Comentário: Nesta questão a solução correta está
localizada na sentença: “The phrase” Washington
consensus” was soon coined by economist John
Williamson of the Institute for International Economics
to denote the policies that the U.S. government and
Washington-based institutions (the World Bank, the
International Monetary Fund) were advocating: lower
tariffs, higher foreign investment, tighter budgets, less
inflation.” (A frase “Consenso de Washington, foi logo
cunhada pelo economista John Willianson do Instituto
de Economia Internacional para denotar as políticas
que o governo americano e instituições baseadas em
Washington (Banco Mundial, FMI) estavam
defendendo: tarifas mais baixas, maior investimento
externo.
Alternativa: A
413. Comentário: O autor expressa isso no início do
terceiro parágrafo. Tal parágrafo começa com: “Brazil
exemplified the shift.” (O Brasil exemplificou a
mudança.). A partir daí, são narradas as mudanças
feitas no Brasil.
Alternativa: E
414. Comentário: Em termos figurados, o autor quer
dizer, que a inflação foi “conquistada”, no sentido de a
inflação ter sido controlada.
Alternativa: B
415. Comentário: Esta questão testa o(a) candidato(a)
no que tange o entendimento global do texto. O texto
inteiro fala das mudanças na América Latina e as únicas
menções feitas à América do Norte, por exemplo, são
em relação ao Banco Mundial e FMI. No que se refere
à Ásia, é mencionado que serviu como exemplo de
mudanças (embora, esteja implícito). No geral, o texto
trata das mudanças na América Latina. Não um trecho
específico que exemplifique isso.
Alternativa: D
416. Comentário: “Apesar de uma queda no
investimento na área tecnológica,…”, “Embora houve
uma queda em investimento na área tecnológica…”.
Como se vê, temos a mesma idéia.
Alternativa: A
417. Comentário: Esta questão traz uma típica questão
sobre sentenças subordinadas. A única alternativa que
apresenta a forma correta de se conjugar esse tipo de
sentença é traduzida como: “Se eles tivessem nos
avisado de antemão, nós teríamos tomado as medidas
necessárias. Agora é tarde demais.” As outras
alternativas não são gramaticalmente corretas e, para
Central de Concursos 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 65

checar isso, basta traduzir as conjugações literalmente. Gabarito:

Você verá que não terá traduções plausíveis.
Alternativa: D
418. Comentário: A tradução da alternativa correta é
“Ninguém testou o sistema de segurança até agora (so
far)”. Essa sentença nada mais é que a voz passiva da
sentença dada na pergunta, observe a tradução dessa
frase: “O sistema de segurança não foi testado até
agora.” A questão pede para indicar qual sentença
expressaria a mesma idéia.
Alternativa: C
a) … teriam sido reformuladas pelos três “braços” do
governo.
b) … têm sido monitoradas pelos funcionários públicos
e do setor privado.
425. Comentário: “Athenians also imposed a monthly
pool tax on foreigners”. (Atenienses, também instituiram
um conjunto de impostos sobre os estrangeiros…). Este
trecho nos mostra que estrangeiros não eram isentos
de impostos, ou seja, o que diz a alternativa C.
Alternativa: C

419. Comentário: “WHICH” é um pronome relativo, e 426. Comentário: Ao verificar uma palavra que você
no caso se refere ao “estudo”. Vamos traduzir a frase: conhece como substantivo, mas não faz sentido na
“este estudo sobre negócios na Web – que foi sentença que ela estiver inserida, tente encontrar um
recentemente liberado – aponta …”. Quem foi liberado? verbo que possa ser derivado dessa palavra. É muito
O “estudo” provável que você resolverá seu problema.
Alternativa: B Gabarito:
TO CHANGE = trocar, mudar troca, mudança
420. Comentário: Aqui temos que conhecer pronomes TO CUT = cortar corte
em inglês. Vamos traduzir a sentença e verificar que a TO DOCUMENT = documentar documento
alternativa A. “Se eles não conseguem alcançar seus TO DROP = cair, despencar queda
TO FACE = encarar, deparar-se rosto, face
objetivos, eles deveriam se culpar, e não a nós.” O
TO FALL = cair queda
segredo é o pronome reflexivo “themselves” que tem a TO INCREASE = aumentar aumento
função de indicar que “eles” praticam a ação e a TO MISUSE = mal utilizar, usar mal, má utilização,
recebem. Os outros dois pronomes (do caso oblíquo) mau uso
são utilizados, como em português, após verbos e TO PRICE = precificar preço
preposições. TO RAISE = aumentar aumento
Alternativa: A TO REACH = alcançar alcance
TO RISE = aumentar, subir aumento
421. Comentário: Utilizando um dicionário e TO SHIFT = trocar, mudar troca, mudança
substituindo as palavras apresentadas nas alternativas, TO SUPPORT =s ustentar, apoiar suporte, apoio
TO TAX = tributar imposto
somente a alternativa A. Tradução da sentença com a
TO TERM = denominar, chamar de termo
alternativa correta preenchendo a lacuna: “Espera-se
TO USE = usar, utilizar uso, utilização
que candidatos(as) morem na França, assim eles(as)
podem se candidatar a um emprego somente se(only
427. Comentário: Esta questão nos leva a lembrar que
if) eles(as) provarem que eles(as) sabem falar francês.”
adjetivos não são escritos no plural. Desse modo
Alternativa: A
ficamos com as alternativas A e D. A resposta D é
correta, porque devemos utilizar o superlativo de
422. Comentário: A expressão “PROVIDED”, apesar
superioridade já que a sentença é traduzida como: “Em
de ser o passado e particípiio passado do verbo “TO
1 de outubro de 2001, Ronald Reagan de 95 anos de
PROVIDE”(PROVER), também, é utilizado como
idade se tornou o mais velho ex-presidente dos EUA.”
“CONTANTO QUE”. Desse modo, a tradução do item
Alternativa: D
D é “Contanto que você tenha uma senha.”
Alternativa: D
428. Comentário: Esta questão nos leva a lembrar os
verbos modais. O verbo que expressa uma capacidade
423. Comentário: Nesta questão testa-se o
passada é o “COULD”.
conhecimento de verbos preposicionados (phrasal
Alternativa: A
verbs). Por isso, TO PUT OFF é a mesma coisa que
TO POSTPONE (ADIAR, POSTERGAR).
429. Comentário: A palavra FEW significa POUCOS.
Alternativa: C
SOME significa ALGUM, UM POUCO. Ao preencher
as lacunas com essas palavras temos uma frase
424. Comentário: Em questões nas quais se
plausível.
apresentam esse tipo de seqüência de verbos, você
Alternativa: D
deve traduzir cada um separadamente, pois eles
seguem a mesma ordem de uma frase em português.
66 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
430. Comentário: Traduzindo a resposta dada no
enunciado na questão temos: “Eu chequei alguns dados
na tela do computador”. Para termos uma resposta
desse tipo, temos na alternativa D, “O que você fez
ontem”, a pergunta compatível.
Alternativa: D
431. Comentário: Esta questão testa conjugação de
verbos. Quando o verbo está no Present Perfect, o
verbo auxiliar para respostas curtas é o próprio verbo
TO HAVE. No caso dessa questão, o verbo está na
forma negativa na resposta.
Alternativa: D
432. Comentário: Temos que conhecer pronomes em
inglês. O pronome do caso oblíquo que substitui a
palavra “REPORTS” é “THEM” (está no plural).
Alternativa: A
433. Comentário: Aqui temos que lembrar que quando
nos referimos a horas, devemos utilizar a preposição
AT.
Alternativa: A
434. Comentário: Para fazermos uma voz passiva em
inglês, devemos lembrar que ela é formada do mesmo
modo que em português. Por isso, basta traduzir ambas
e checar em qual alternativa ela está presente. Por isso,
a voz passiva de: “O Congresso aprovará algumas
novas leis” é: “Algumas novas leis serão aprovadas pelo
Congresso”.
Alternativa: D
435. Comentário: No trecho: “Now, as more poor
nations join the international trading game, they have
increased their share of world trade by more than half.
They are demanding a greater say in the global
system,…” (Agora, à medida que nações pobres se
unem ao “jogo” do comércio internacional, eles têm
aumentado sua participação no comércio mundial em
mais da metade. Eles estão exigindo um discurso
palavra mais forte no sistema global…), fica claro que
as nações pobres têm um peso maior nas decisões
globais.
Alternativa: A
436. Comentário: Esta questão tem a solução no
trecho: “The nations that inspired the late-2oth –century
boom in global trade and profited most greatly form in
advance no longer define its rules.” (As nações que
inspiraram o boom no comércio global do ex-século
XX e mais lucraram não mais ditam suas regras.).
Mostra que o capitalismo está passando por mudanças
(undegoing changes.).
Alternativa: B
Central de Concursos
437. Comentário: No final do primeiro parágrafo é dito
que: “Agora, à medida que nações pobres se unem ao
“jogo” do comércio internacional, elas têm aumentado
sua participação no comércio mundial em mais da
metade. Eles estão exigindo um discurso palavra mais
forte no sistema global, lideradas por nações que se
opunham à Americanização”do comércio e cultura
globais: China, India, Brasil.” (Now, as more poor
nations join the international trading game, they have
increased their share of world trade by more than half.
They are demanding a greater say in the global system,
led by nations that most opposed the “Americanization”
of global trade and culture: India, China, Brazil), mostra
que as nações pobres estão desempenhando esse
papel. A Europa, também tem participação, quando é
mencionado que: “This new force looks to Europe for
inspiration.”(Essa nova força olha para a Europa por
inspiração.). Isso deixa claro, que a Europa, também
desempenha um papel importante nas mudanças.
Alternativa: D
438. Comentário: Quando a alternativa diz que:
“Regras podem ter sido definidas em relação ao
comércio global”, temos que lembrar que no texto há o
trecho: “The global rules are cracking down on
multinationals that order mass layoffs or grow too
powerful for local comfort.”(As regras globais estão se
rompendo sobre multinacionais que ordenam
demissões em massa ou crescem demais (poderosas
demais) para conforto local.). Ou seja, as regras estão,
provavelmente mudando.
Alternativa: C
439. Comentário: Esta questão exige conhecimento
de vocabulário específico. MASS LAYOFFS significa
demissões em massa, ou seja, demissão de numerosos
trabalhadores (The dismissal of numerous employees.)
Alternativa: C
440. Comentário: No texto há o trecho: “Stock markets
rose in expectation of the Federal Reserve’s half-point
cut in interest rates on November 6th to 1.25%, the
lowest rate for more than 40 years.” (Mercados de acões
subiram suas expectativas por causa do corte de maio,
ponto nas taxas de juros em 6 de novembro para 1,25%,
o mais baixo em mais de 40 anos.). Ou seja, o corte é
o mais baixo em mais de 40 anos, significando que o
corte já ocorreu.
Alternativa: A
441. Comentário: O verbo TO STALL significa
PERDER VELOCIDADE ou perder sustentação (ambas
utilizadas na aviação), ou seja, pelo contexto e pelas
alternativas apresentadas este verbo sugere que a
recuperação americana está “ATRASADA”(DELAYED).
Alternativa: E
Central de Concursos
442. Comentário: A expressão “ON THE WANE”
significa “À MINGUA”, ou seja, está enfraquecendo
(weakening).
Alternativa: E
443. Comentário: O trecho: “For years Europe has
been an economic backwater because of excessive
taxes and regulations, onerous labour laws and
ludicrously lavish welfare benefits.” (Faz anos que a
Europa tem sido um um local economicamente
estagnado por causa de regulamentações e impostos,
onerosas leis trabalhistas e benefícios de de bem-estar
ridiculamente generosos.). Traz todas essas
alternativas de forma negativa. Desse modo, só resta
a alternativa A (legal tender = currency = moeda
corrente).
Alternativa: A
444. Comentário: No trecho: “This new money may
finally trigger a Western European economic
renaissance.” (Esta nova moeda pode finalmente,
alavancar o renascimento econômico da Europa
Ocidental.). Ou seja, como diz a alternativa C: “pode
finalmente ser iniciado (o renascimento.).
Alternativa: C
445. Comentário: Como foi traduzido no trecho dada
na questão 443, “BACKWATER”significa “LUGAR
ESTAGNADO”, ou seja, isolado de idéias e influências
econômicas modernas.
Alternativa: B
446. Comentário: Pegadinha! As alternativas tentam
enganar o(a) candidato(a) colocando várias datas nas
alternativas, porém, todas estão incorretas. O euro
começaria a estar disponível a partir de 1º de janeiro
de 2002. Por isso, nenhuma das alternativas
relacionadas às datas está correta. A resposta correta
é a mais simples, que é o próprio nome da moeda.
Alternativa: D
447. Comentário: Na primeira frase do texto é dito que:
“Congresso está finalmente tomando uma atitude em
direção / no que tange a escolha escolar.” (Congress is
finally making a move toward school choice.).
Alternativa: A
448. Comentário: Aqui, temos que saber que “TO
SQUANDER” tem o mesmo significado de “TO
WASTE”, ou seja, “DESPERDIÇAR”.
Alternativa: E
449. Comentário: Ao longo do texto é dito que o
dinheiro economizado pode ser utilizado para despesas
escolares, inclusive as despesas relacionadas à
faculdade (college).
Alternativa: E
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 67
450. Comentário: No trecho: “If you do not agree with
the examiner’s report, you can meet with the examiner’s
supervisor to discuss your case further.). Se você não
concordar com o relatório do examinador, você pode
se reunir com o supervisor do examonador para discutir
seu caso posteriormente.). Ou seja, o relatório do
examinador pode ser questionado.
Alternativa: C
451. Comentário: No trecho do texto que traz esta
informação é o mesmo da resposta anterior.
Alternativa: E
452. Comentário: Questão que confundiu muitos(as)
candidatos(as), pois é muito tênue as idéias expressa
pelas alternativas A e B. Contudo, a alternativa A é
mais implícita do que a alternativa B. No texto, há
menção de várias etapas que podem ser seguidas pelo
contribuinte para que ele se defenda de alguma decisão
que ele considera que não foi justa.
Alternativa: A
453. Comentário: Na primeira sentença do texto, é dito
“Up until 5 April 1999, investors received dividends from
stocks and shares net of a tax credit of 20%.”(Até 5 de
Abril de 1999, investidores recebiam dividendo de ações
líquidas(livres) de um crédito tributário de 20%.), ou
seja, o imposto já havia sido deduzido na fonte quando
os investidores recebiam esses dividendos.
Alternativa: B
454. Comentário: O último parágrafo diz que “…from
6 April 1999, the tax credit on dividends was reduced to
10% and Pep and Isa investors are only allowed to
reclaim this 10% tax credit, not the previous level of
20%” (… desde 6 de Abril de 1999 o crédito tributário
sobre dividendos foi reduzido para 10% e investidores
Pep e Isa têm permisão somente para requerer estes
10%.), ou seja, era 20% e caiu para 10% (foi reduzido
para 10%.)”. Isto significa, que antes daquela data o
crédito tributário pago era mais alto (higher).
Alternativa: D
455. Comentário: Observe o trecho “The 1997
measures immediately ended the right of pension funds
to reclaim this tax, and in April 1999 non-tax payers
were no longer able to reclaim this credit either.” (As
medidas de 1997 imediatamente acabaram com o
direito de fundos de pensão requererm esse imposto,
em Abril de 1999 não-contribuintes (isentos) não mais
podiam requerer esse crédito tributário.). Fica claro, que
houve mudanças nas regras.
Alternativa: D
456. Comentário: Esta questão é respondida pelo
trecho “…the tax credit on dividends was reduced to
68 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
10% and Pep and Isa investors are only allowed to
reclaim this 10% tax credit, not the previous level of
20%”(… o crédito tributário sobre dividendos foi
reduzido para 10% e investidores Pep e Isa têm
permissão somente para requerer estes 10%.), ou seja,
era 20% e caiu para 10% (foi reduzido para 10%.).
Alternativa: C
457. Comentário: Em nenhum momento foi
mencionado “indivíduos de alta renda.”
Alternativa: A
458. Comentário: No texto, a palavra “tight-fisted” (de
punho fechado/cerrado) é uma metáfora para
“controlado, parsimonioso” e que, ao longo do texto,
Mr. Brown se torna mais mão aberta e libera(ladle out)
dinheiro para serviço públicos. Ou seja, como a
alternativa A diz: Mr. Brown era “mão fechada” no início,
mas depois ficou mais generoso.
Alternativa: A
459. Comentário: O trecho “the ever-more-powerful
Chancellor promised…”(O sempre mais poderoso
Chanceler prometeu…) tem o mesmo sentido da
alternativa A.
Alternativa: A
460. Comentário: Observe o trecho extraído do texto:
“Mr. Brown vowed to raise taxes – National Insurance
contributions, more precisely – to bring British health
spending to European levels.”(Mr. Brown prometeu
aumentar impostos – mais precisamente Contribuições
da Previdência Social – para trazer o gastos Birtânicos
em saúde para níveis europeus). Tradução da
alternativa E: “alcançar / chegar ao nível de gastos com
saúde em níveis dos países europeus.”
Alternativa: E
461. Comentário: Isto é respondido pelo mesmo trecho
reproduzido na resposta da questão 460.
Alternativa: D
462. Comentário: No seguinte trecho “…he showered
still more money on other services, education in
particular. But pouring money into an unreformed
system may not be his cleverest idea.”(… ele despejou
mais dinheiro ainda em outros serviços, educação em
particular. Mas despejar dinheiro em um sistema não
reestruturado pode não ser sua mais inteligente idéia.)
mostra que a alternativa A é correta.
Alternativa: A
463. Comentário: No início do texto, mais
precisamente na primeira linha, é dito que investidores
já estão votando baseados na possível vitória do
candidato da esquerda, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. No
Central de Concursos
final desse mesmo parágrafo há o trecho “The
possibility that Lula, a former metalworker, will become
leader of Latin America’s most important economy has
got the markets…”(A possibilidade de que Lula, um ex-
metalúrgico, se torne o presidente da mais importante
economia da América Latina “pegou os mercados…).
Quando o autor diz: “pegou os mercados”, ele quer,
figuradamente, expressar a idéia de que os mercados
estão preocupados (worried).
Alternativa: D
464. Comentário: Aqui requer-se conhecimento de
vocabulário específico. TO SLUMP significa “CAIR
RAPIDAMENTE”, ou seja, “CAIU REPENTINAMENTE”
(HAS SUDDENLY FALLEN).
Alternativa: A
465. Comentário: Mais uma questão que exige
conhecimento de vocabulário específico.
“HARROWING” significa “ANGUSTIANTE”. No texto,
esta condição econômica da Argentina é exemplificado
no trecho: “Although Argentineans are suffering terribly
from economic turmoil…”(Embora os argentinos
estejam sofrendo terrivelmente por causa de um caos
econômico…).
Alternativa: B
466. Comentário: Conhecimento de vocaulário é
testado. “TO STEM THE LOSS” significa, “ESTANCAR
OS PREJUÍZOS’, ou seja, “PARAR / CESSAR OS
PREJUÍZOS”.
Alternativa: A
467. Comentário: O “TO ROOT OUT” significa
“ELIMINAR, ACABAR COM”. No texto é dito que as
autoridades tributárias querem ACABAR COM os
prejuízos (vide resposta anterior). Isto já é suficiente
para entendermos que elas (as autoridades) querem
acabar com os evasores de impostos (to root out tax
evaders) como é dito na alternativa C.
Alternativa: C
468. Comentários: Para responder essa questão
temos que lembra que no trecho: “But whether the IRS
will succeed in obtaining information such as the names
and transaction records of such account holders is still
an open question because of the present US banking
secrecy laws.” (Mas se a Receita Federal vai conseguir
obter informações tais como nome e registros de
transações dos titulares da contas é uma questão em
aberto devido às atuais leis de sigilo bancário
americanas.). A tradução da alternativa A, é: “há uma
lei que determina que contas bancárias não podem ser
abertas / entregues.
Alternativa: C
Central de Concursos
469. Comentário: E ao longo do texto é ilustrado que
as autoridades tributárias americanas estão indo até
Singapura para descobrir evasores de impostos.
Menciona o fato de que existe um impedimento legal
de que as contas de titulares de contas bancárias não
podem ter suas contas abertas devido às leis de sigilo
bancário americanas, ou seja o texto trata do
“procedimento adotado pela Receita Federal a fim de
identificar evasores de impostos (a procedure adopted
by the IRS in order to identify tax evaders.).
Alternativa: E
470. Comentário: O trecho “Environmental results must
be improved, ensuring maximum transparency and
reliability in PETROBRAS operations, processes,
products and services.” (Resultados ambientais tem que
ser melhorados, garantindo máxima transparência e
confiabilidade na operações, processos, produtos e
serviços da Petrobrás.).
Alternativa: D
471. Comentário: Vamos traduzir o trecho do texto:
“PETROBRÁS está dando ao gerenciamento ambiental
a mesma importância que ela dá à sua produtivdade.”
Esta é a idéia expressa pelas alternativas II e III. A
diferença é que na alternativa III a sentença está na
voz passiva.
Alternativa: B
472. Comentário: Vamos traduzir o trecho do texto que
traz a informação apresentada pela alternativa B: :
“…Net analysts questioning whether the software giant
can deliver 24-7 services”(…analistas da NET
questionando se a gigante de software consegue
entregar /prover serviços 24-7,ou seja, 24 horas – 7
dias por semana.). Tradução da alternativa B:”Analistas
questionam se a Microsoft é realmente capaz de
oferecer serviço 24-7.”.
Alternativa: B
473. Comentário: Vamos traduzir o trecho do texto que
traz a informação apresentada pela alternativa correta:
“…but has so far spread very slowly, …” (…mas (o vírus)
até agora se espalhou muito vagarosamente,…), ou
seja, a mesma informação apresentada pela alternativa
C (…não se espalhou a grande velocidade até agora.).
Alternativa: C
474. Comentário: Vamos traduzir o trecho do texto que
traz a informação apresentada: “…Bill Gates this week
announced a major strategy shift to focus on security
and privacy and restore confidence in the company’s
software.”(…Bill Gates, esta semana, anunciou uma
importante mudança de estratégia para focar segurança
e provacidade e recuperar a confiança no software da
empresa.). Alternativa C = Em resposta a problemas
de segurança, Bill Gates anunciou um novo foco em
500 Testes Comentados - Inglês - 69
segurança e privacidade. Na primeira sentença do texto
é dito que “seguindo uma série de embaraçosos
problemas de segurança,…”. É outra parte que
corrobora a alternativa C.
Alternativa: C
475. Comentário: Aqui exige-se conhecimento de
vocabulário. DEBATABLE significa o mesmo de
ARGUABLE.
Alternativa: A
476. Comentário: Vamos traduzir o trecho do texto que
traz a sentença pertinente; “De acordo com fontes, CEO
da indústria de computadores, muitos dos QUAIS, têm
enfrentado severas críticas ultimamente …”, ou seja,
são os CEOs que têm sido criticados.
Alternativa: D
477. Comentário: Vamos traduzir o trecho do texto que
traz a informação apresentada: “Microsoft next year
plans to update Windows XP to support technologies
left out of the new operating system: USB 2.0 and
Bluetooth.”(Microsoft, ano que vem, planeja atualizar
Windows XP para suportar duas tecnologias que
ficaram de for a do novo sistem operacional: USB2.0 e
Bluetooth.), ou seja, na a ,es,a coisa que é dita na
alternativa C: a atual versão do Wondows XP não inclui
a tecnologia USB 2.o e Bluetooth.
Currently, there is a large number of superb digital
libraries (DLs), all of which are, unfortunately, vertically
integrated and all presenting a monolithic interface to
their users. Ideally, a user would want to locate
resources from a variety of digital libraries dealing only
with one interface. A number of approaches to this
interoperability issue exist including: defining a universal
protocol for all libraries to adhere to; or developing
mechanisms to translate between protocols. (D-Lib,
March 1999).
Alternativa: C
478. Comentário: Vamos traduzir o trecho do texto que
traz a informação apresentada: Que há muitas
abordagens para se empreender a interoperabilidade.
Alternativa: C
479. Comentário: Vamos traduzir o trecho do texto que
traz a informação apresentada: For 2001, IT spending
at these companies was 2.5 percent higher when
compared to 2000 levels,…” (Para 2001, gastos com
TI nestas empresas foram 2,5% mais altos quando
comparados com níveis de 2000.). Ou seja, na
alternativa B, é dito que “o nível de gastos em TI nas
empresas estudadas foi menor em 2000 do que em
2001.”
Alternativa: B
70 - 500 Testes Comentados - Inglês
480. Comentário: Vamos traduzir o trecho do texto que
traz a informação apresentada:”… this book provides
some details on software that can help you develop
channels,…”(…este livro fornece alguns detalhes sobre
software que pode auxiliá-lo a desenvolver canais…).
O trecho descrito mostra que e o livro foca neste ponto.
Outro trecho interessante é: “…This book does not go
into quite as much detail on using and developing
channels,…” (Este livro não se aprofunda muito em
detalhes de como usar e desenvolver canais,…), ou
seja, o livro trata de software e não do uso de canais.
Alternativa: A
481. Comentário: No seguinte trecho “In a speech last
week from the capital, Brazil’s president Luiz Inácio Lula
da Silva appeared to balloon with pride over his
accomplishments and gloated over achieving in months
what his predecessor Fernando Henrique Cardoso
could not do during his eight years in office.” (Em um
discurso na semana passada feito na capital, o
presidente do Brasil, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva pareceu
se encher / inflar / ficar todo cheio de orgulho por causa
de seus feitos e contemplou com maldade o fato de ter
feito em meses o que seu predecessor, Fernando
Henrique Cardoso, não conseguiu fazer durante seus
8 anos no cargo.). Tradução da alternativa E: “…não
escondeu seu júbilo / satisfação no que tange seus
feitos políticos.”.
Alternativa: E
482. Comentário: O trecho: “While the president is
riding high over his win with pensions, analysts see a
much tougher field to hoe in the coming
months.”(Enquanto o presidente se gaba com relação
às suas vitórias no campo das penões, analistas
prevêem um campo muito mais difícil de se cavar nos
meses vindouros.), ou seja, os analistas “prevêem
dificuldades” (…foresse difficulties)
Alternativa: A
483. Comentário: Apesar de frisar que o aumento de
imposts(taxes) deverá ser feito através de maior
produção, no trecho: “Next on the Lula administration
agenda is taxes, a fight that will not only be waged in
the capital, but at the state and local levels as
well.”(Próximo (item) na agenda da administração de
Lula é impostos, uma dura batalha que, não somente
será emprendida / promovida na capital, mas também
em níveis locais e estaduais.”) No gabarito oficial a
resposta dada é D, porém, é muito subjetiva e pode
levar o leitor a achar de que se trata de uma guerra
real, e não figurada.
Alternativa: C
484. Comentário: No seguinte trecho “I (the Jobs and
Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003, which
Central de Concursos
was signed by President Bush on May 28, 2003)”,
note que a parte em negrito e subllinhado diz que o
Jobs and growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act de 2003,
que foi assinado pelo presidente Bush em 28 de maio
de 2003), ou seja, a lei foi oficialmente aceita / aprovada
como diz a alternativa C.
Alternativa: C
485. Comentário: O trecho “Almost everyone will see
a decrease in overall tax paid in 2003.” (Quase todos
verão uma queda no total de impostos pagos em 2003.).
Ou seja, todo mundo verá uma redução em 2003 como
diz a alternativa B.
Alternativa: B
486. Comentário: O último parágrafo é dedicado
principalmente às mudanças que ocorrerão em 2003,
mas o trecho “Watch out for how those income tax
brackets change over time, however.”(Fique ligado na
alterações nas mudanças nas faixas de incidência ao
longo do tempo, entretanto.) nos traz a informação clara
de que “um certo número de mudanças no que diz
respeito às faixas de incidência.”
Alternativa: D
487. Comentário: No seguinte trecho “They’ve survived
the bursting of the tech bubble, a global economic
downturn and the occasional virus, but now overseas
Internet retailers may see their European profit push
derailed by one of the oldest drags on business:
tax.”(Elas sobreviveram à explosão da bolha
tecnológica, uma queda econômica global e vírus
ocasionais, mas agora, empresas de Internet
estrangeiras podem ver seus lucros na Europa serem
empurrados para for a dos trilhos por um dos mais
antigos empecilhos nos negócios: imposto.). Ou seja,
impostos são vistos como algo “perturbador”
(annoying).
Alternativa: C
488. Comentário: Fica claro que as empresas têm que
obedecer novas ordens oficiais (tradução da alternativa
A). O texto diz, no segundo parágrafo, “Em 1 de julho,
uma nova diretiva da União Européia entra em vigor
requerendo que; todas as firmas de Internet
considerando um ïmposto de valor agregado”(VAT)
sobre as vendas digitais.
Alternativa: A
489. Comentário: No último parágrafo é dito que o VAT
não é nada novo para as firmas de Internet, ou seja, o
VAT foi cobrado (has been charged).
Alternativa: D
490. Comentário: O último parágrafo traz, em sua
última sentença, a informação que: “Suas rivais /
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concorrentes européias, entretanto, têm sido isentas,
fazendo das firmas estrangeiras uma opção óbvia para
os consumidores “caçadores de pechinchas.” (Their
overseas rivals though have been exempt, making
foreign firms an obvious choice for the bargain-hunting
consumer.). Ou seja, subentende-se que as empresas
terão que praticar preços mais baixos e que podem ter
seus lucros afetados(may be affected).
Alternativa: B
491. Comentário: “Distinctly bleak” = “claramente
desanimador”. Isso está claro ao longo do texto (in
2003). Ao longo do texto é dito que, em 2003, o Brasil
enfrentou uma recessão, e que o crescimento era
esperado ser de míseros 1%, que impostos serão um
grande obstáculo, inclusive que a carga tributária é
uma das mais altas do mundo. Também diz, que
mesmo com a reforma tributária tramitando no
Congresso, tal carga não será reduzida. Na última frase
do texto é dito que: “Por enquanto a economia brasileira
não está indo para lugar algum” (For now, Brazil’s
economy is going nowhere.)
Alternativa: E
492. Comentário: No trecho “And a government linked
research group recently embarrassed ministers by
predicting growth of just 0.5% in 2003.” (E um grupo de
pesquisa ligado ao governo recentemente embaraçou
os ministros ao prever um crescimento de apenas 0,5%
em 2003.) contradiz a previsão de “míseros 1% de
crescimento” previsto pelo governo.
Alternativa: A
493. Comentário: O trecho “Reforms now proceeding
through Congress will simplify the tax system, but won’t
reduce the total burden. “(Reformas, agora tramitando
no Congresso simplificarão o sistema tributário, mas
não reduzirão carga total.). É a única parte do texto
que aborda características da reforma tributária e, como
podemos verificar, só menciona, como fato positivo,
sua simplificação. Tradução da alternativa C: “uma bem
vinda simplificação do sistema tributário.”
Alternativa: C
494. Comentário: O trecho “That will be possible only
if interest rates fall and the government can keep
spending in check, thereby reducing the amount of
money needed to pay its own debts.” (redução de
tributação) será possível, somente se taxas de juros
caírem e o governo manter gastos sob controle, deste
modo, reduzindo o montante de dinheiro necessário
para pagar suas próprias dívidas. Responde o que a
questão pede. Tradução da alternativa D: “ a soma de
dinheiro necessária para satisfazer / quitar a dívida
pública for reduzida.”
Alternativa: D
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495. Comentário: O termo “TO FORGE” significa
“FORJAR, CRIAR”, porém, no sentido não pejorativo.
O verbo “TO SET UP” pode ter esse significado,
também. É uma típica questão para testar se o(a)
aluno(a) fez algum curso longo de inglês onde “phrasal
verbs” (verbos preposicionados) foram estudados.
Alternativa: D
496. Comentário: O verbo “TO OFFSET” significa
“COMPENSAR, CONTRABALANCEAR”. Nesse caso
a alternativa B, diz “o G21 tem o objetivo de …
contrabalancear o poder de barganha dos EUA e União
Européia.”. O techo, no texto, que traz tal afirmação é
“…Celso Amorim said the formation of the Group of 21
nations (G21) had “reshuffled the cards” by creating a
powerful counterweight to Washington and Brussels.(…
Celso Amorim disse que a formação do G21
“reembaralhou as cartas” ao criar uma contrapartida
para Washington e Bruxelas.”. Ou seja, uma
contrapartida é algo que compensa alguma coisa.
Alternativa: B
497. Comentário: No trecho, “It has also enhanced the
reputation of Brazil…” (Ela - negociação do G21),
também, ressaltou / melhorou a reputação do Brasil…).
Ou seja, “trouxe prestígio adicional ao país, como diz a
alternativa D.
Alternativa: E
498. Comentário: Observe o trecho: “…is profiting
nicely what some would consider the wickedest corners
of the legitimate economy: alcohol, arms, gambling and
tobacco.” (O Vice Fund)…está lucrando bem o que
alguns considerariam os mais perversos cantos da
legítima economia: álcool, armas, jogo e tabaco.). O
item D afirma que o Vice Fund lucra com vícios
(addictions) e conflitos humanos.
Alternativa: D
499. Comentário: O A alternativa A, diz que Vice Fund
se provaram um bom investimento para acionistas. Pois
bem, observe o trecho “In fact, all four vice-ridden
sectors have outperformed the overall American market
during the past five years. “(Na verdade, os quatro
setores baseados / impelidos pelo fundo Vice, tiveram
um desempenho além do esperado em todo mercado
americano nos últimos cinco anos.)”.
Alternativa: A
500. Comentário: O termo “MUSCULAR” pode
significar “FORTE, SÓLIDO”. Do ponto de vista
abordado pelo texto, tem-se a idéia de que a política
externa de George Bush está voltada para gastos
militares. Observe o trecho extraído do texto e sua
tradução: “With President George Bush pursuing a
muscular foreign policy, the outlook for defence
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spending is also bright.”(Com o presidente George Bush

perseguindo / seguindo uma política externa muscular,
o cenário para o gasto com defesa, também, parece
brilhante.). Esta questão é subjetiva e o(a) candidato(a)
poderia escolher a altenativa E(bem formada), ou seja,
uma política de defesa bem formada, ou até mesmo
“protetora, defensiva”(protective) pois, com certeza
gastos com defesa, também, são feitos para se proteger
de inimigos. Inclusive alguns(as) candidatos(as)
entraram com recursos para tentar ganhar mais um
pontinho. Questões subjetivas são perigosas e sempre
causam polêmicas.
Alternativa: B