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vascular cerebral?
Conceito:
A SM se refere a confluência de várias anormalidades fisiológicas que
aumentam o risco das doenças vasculares 4. Trata-se de uma constelação
de fatores de risco aterogênicos, como hipertensão arterial, dislipidemia,
resistência à insulina e obesidade, que atuam conjuntamente e promovem o
desenvolvimento de doença vascular aterosclerótica.
Diagnóstico:
De acordo com National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and the
American Heart Association (AHA)9,10 a síndrome metabólica é diagnosticada
quando o paciente apresente ao menos 3 das 5 seguintes condições 4,9,10.
Fisiopatologia:
Etiologia:
Epidemiologia:
Prognóstico:
As complicações da síndrome metabólica são amplas, como doença
coronariana, fibrilação atrial 35,36 insuficiência cardíaca, estenose de aorta 37,38
AVC 39,40, e possivelmente tromboembolismo venoso 41 e neuropatia
periférica (provavelmente relacionada a hiperglicemia).
Risco de AVC
A SM é associada com aumento do risco de AVC isquêmico, AVC
hemorrágico e de infarto silencioso. Mais de 15 estudos de coorte tem
reportado comprovação estatisticamente significante com uma média de RR
para AVCI variando de 1,5 a 5,1 sendo a maioria entre 2,0 a 2,5 52,53,54,55 com
ponto médio estimado de 2,27 (95% CI, 1.80–2.85) para todos os tipos de
AVC 4 Alguns poucos estudos reportam que nao encontraram esta
associação 56,57.
Tratamento:
O primeiro item a ser fortemente enfrentado é a correção dos fatores de risco
que forem identificados. Deve-se iniciar com modificação do estilo de vida
(combater o sedentarismo, obesidade, erros dieteticos) e tratamento
farmacológico quando necessário. A redução do peso de 7 a 10% é indicado
num período de 4 a 12 meses 4, 61-66.
Recomendações:
Algumas recomendações à respeito da SM e AVC tem sido apresentadas
recentemente 4,68:
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