Apostila Lingua Inglesa

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Prof. Esp. Acioli Fernandes da Gama
LÍNGUA INGLESA
Disciplina na Modalidade a Distância
São Luís
2010
LÍNGUA INGLESA
Núcleo de Educação a Distância - UFMA
ACIOLI FERNANDES DA GAMA

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Univerdade Federal do Maranhão
Reitor
Natalino Salgado Filho
Vice-Reitor
Antonio José Silva Oliveira
Pró-Reitor de Ensino
Aldir Araújo de Carvalho Filho
Diretor do Núcleo de Ensino a Distância - NEaD
Othon de Carvalho Bastos Filho
Coordenador do Curso de Pedagogia
José Bolívar Burbano Bastos Filho
Secretaria do Curso
Jorgiane Castelo Branco Silva
Coordenação Pedagógica
Reinaldo Portal Domingo
Coordenadora de Tutoria do NEaD
Sylvania Cavalcante Sá
Coordenação Tecnológica
Rômulo Martins França
Coordenador da Universidade Aberta do Brasil na UFMA
Othon de Carvalho Bastos Filho
Coordenador Adjunto da Universidade Aberta do Brasil na UFMA
Reinaldo Portal Domingo
Projeto Gráfico, Capa e Diagramação
Luciana Santos Sousa
Revisão Linguística
Acioli Fernandes da Gama
Veraluce Lima dos Santos
Diagramação
Guilherme Barbosa
Edição – Livro didático
LÍNGUA INGLESA
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Copyright @ UFMA/NEaD, 2010

Todos os direitos reservados à Universidade Federal do Maranhão.
Créditos:
Universidade Federal do Maranhão – UFMA
UFMA – Núcleo de Educação a Distância
Av dos Portugueses, s/n
Campus Universitário do Bacanga
Telefone: 98 – 3301-8057 / 3301-8056
e-mail: neadufma@ufma.br
site: www.nead.ufma.br
GAMA, ACIOLI FERNANDES DA
Língua Inglesa / Acioli Fernandes da Gama – São Luís: UFMA/NEaD, 2010.
f.: il.
Inclui bibliografia
1. Língua Inglesa I. Universidade Federal do Maranhão. II. Núcleo de Edu-

cação a Distância. III. Título.
CDU 37.018.43
Catalogação na publicação por Sylvania Cavalcante de Sá CRB13/449

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APRESENTAÇÃO
Caro acadêmico do Curso de Pedagogia,
A disciplina Língua Inglesa foi cuidadosamente estruturada e organizada para

desenvolver seus conhecimentos sobre a língua inglesa, de maneira fácil e agradável.
Composta de 11 unidades, seu objetivo principal é abrir passagem para

o universo da língua inglesa. Com ela, você irá desenvolver sua capacidade de
compreender textos escritos; a compreensão de textos escritos em inglês facilitará seus
estudos acadêmicos e ampliará suas oportunidades no campo profissional.
A inclusão de textos, adaptados de jornais, revistas e livros, enseja a leitura de

temas relacionados com o homem e seu lugar no universo.
Segundo a linguística moderna, o importante, no aprendizado de um idioma

estrangeiro, é assimilar e treinar sistematicamente as estruturas e exercícios orais
e escritos. Para isso, as atividades de estruturas e exercícios de compreensão e
desenvolvimento dos conteúdos gramaticais foram explorados, porém de maneira
sucinta.
De posse deste material, esperamos que você adquira conhecimento e domínio

básicos do idioma Inglês, considerado tão importante no mundo atual.
Lembre-se de que sabendo inglês, você deixa de ser apenas um cidadão e passa
a ser um cidadão do mundo.
Prof. Acioli Fernandes da Gama
LÍNGUA INGLESA

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APRESENTAÇÃO...................................................................................... 05
PRE-UNIT - Revisão do Ensino Médio..................................................... 09
1THEALBATROSS................................................................................... 17
1.1ThePresentContinuousTense.................................................................... 20
2FIREFLIES................................................................................................. 23
2.1TheSimplePresentTense(I).................................................................... 25
SUMÁRIO
3 LCD – LIQUID CRISTAL DISPLAY..................................................... 29
3.1TheSimplePresentTense(II)................................................................... 31
4 RING! RING! RING!........................................................................... 35

4.1FalseFriends............................................................................................... 36
4.2 The Simple Present and The Present Continuous Tenses............................. 37
4.3AdverbsofFrequency.................................................................................. 37
5JANUARY1,2001................................................................................ 41
5.1Futurewithgoingto................................................................................... 43
6TABLEMANNERS.................................................................................. 47
6.1PersonalPronouns–Object........................................................................ 49
6.2Imperative.................................................................................................. 50
7 WHY DO MEN HAVE ADM’S APPLE?............................................... 53

7.1FalseFriends.............................................................................................. 55
7.2Possessivesadjectivesandpronouns............................................................ 55
8.7–UP..................................................................................................... 59
8.1PluralofNouns.......................................................................................... 61
9RAINBOWS............................................................................................... 65
9.1Quantitatives.............................................................................................. 67
10ISFOURENOUGH?............................................................................. 71
10.1TheSimplePastTense–RegularVerbs..................................................... 73
11BAND-AID.............................................................................................. 77
11.1TheSimplePastTense–IrregularVerbs.................................................... 79
Bonus:IrregularVerbs................................................................................ 83
REFERÊNCIAS............................................................................................ 85
VISÃO GERAL DA DISCIPLINA.............................................................. 86
LÍNGUA INGLESA
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(SEJA BEM-VINDO)
VOCABULARY
WELCOME
Look at the pictures and words. Say the words after your teacher.
listen speak read write
look point circle complete
a letter a word a sentence a question
a book a class a partner a picture

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Objetivo:
Revisar o conteúdo gramatical estudado no ensino médio.
Revisão do Ensino Médio

Esta seção destina-se à revisão de alguns aspectos gramaticais importantes, estudados
no Ensino Médio.
PRE-UNIT
 Supply a or an.
1. There is ______ ambulance in the park.
2. Today is ______ cold day.
3. She was in London ______ year ago.
4. The thief was in ______ red car.
5. ______ boy is reading a book in the library.
6. There is ______ egg on the table.
7. There is ______ man at the door.
8. He was in his room ______ hour ago.
9. UCLA is ______ university in California.
10. This is ______ old story.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
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 Give the plural.

1.tomato……………………… 9.class………………..…………
2.sister…………………..……. 10.boy…………………………..
3.hat……………………..……. 11.box…………………………..
4.student………………..……. 12.girl……………………………
5.church………………..…….. 13.baby………………………….
6.lady…………………..……… 14.day……………………………
7.chair………………..……….. 15.cat…………………………….
8.egg…………………...……… 16.battery……………………….
 Rewrite the sentences into the plural.
1. This girl is beautiful.

__________________________________________________________________
2. That child is my son.
__________________________________________________________________
3. That woman is Italian.
__________________________________________________________________
4. This house is small.
__________________________________________________________________
5. That cake is delicious
__________________________________________________________________

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Supply the correct personal pronoun.
1. Mr. Todd is a doctor. ____ is a doctor.

2. That girl is French. ____ is French.
3. The boys are in the cinema. ____ are in the cinema.
4. My sister and I are late. ____ are late.
5. Little Tom is sick. ____ is sick.
6. You and your brother are welcome. ____ are welcome.
7. The horses are in the field. ____ are in the field.
8. The cat is in the kitchen. ____ is in the kitchen.
9. My house is brown. ____ is brown.
10. The girls are studying now. ____ are studying now.
PRACTICE
 Choose the correct alternative.
1. We live near (she/her).

2. The ozone layer protects (we /us).
3. Barbara likes to walk with ( I /me).
4. I seldom speak to (he/him).
5. They often see (we/us) at the bus stop.
6. We always bring (them/they) to school.
7. There are some letters for (him/he) on the table.
8. Look at (she/her) when she speaks to you.
9. The director is talking to (they/them) now.
10. What do you think about (us/we)?
LÍNGUA INGLESA
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Observe these examples:

Of course English is a global language.
We are all sensitive to the way other people use ‘our’ language.
PRESENT TENSE
Affirmative form
Of course English is an international language.
 Complete the dialogues. Follow the example.
Peter is English. (Susan) Is Susan English, too?

No, she isn’t.
1. He is at school. (they) ___________________, too?

No, _______________
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2. Philip and Sheila are late. (I) _________________________, too?
Yes, _______________
3. That man is French. (you and your sister) _______________________, too?

No, ________________
4. This cat is black. (dog) _________________________, too?

Yes, _______________
5. The doctor is young. (pilot) _________________________, too?

Yes, _______________
6. The airport is far. (theater) _________________________, too?

No, ________________
 Supply there is or there are.
1. ______________________ children playing ball.

2. ______________________ a bus on the street.
3. ______________________ three boats on the lake.
4. ______________________ a boy reading under a tree.
5. ______________________ policemen at the gate of the park.
 Supply the verb to be in the past.
1. This _______ my first Italian book.

2. _______ you in Rio last February?
3. The dog _______ in the garden an hour ago.
4. _______ we at John´s house last weekend?
5. You _______ not a good student last month.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
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 Supply there was or there were.
1. __________ many children in the park yesterday.

2. __________ butter in the refrigerator yesterday.
3. __________ a cat in my room last night.
4. __________ two famous artists at the hotel.
5. __________ three apples on the table.
 Complete the questions with Who, What, When, or Where so

that the sentence is an answer for each question.
1. Peter was at home last night.

_________ was Peter last night?
_________ was at home last night?
_________ was Peter at home?
2. Mother is cooking dinner in the kitchen now.

__________ is mother doing in the kitchen now?
__________ is mother cooking in the kitchen now?
__________ is cooking dinner in the kitchen now?
__________ is mother cooking dinner now?

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 Underline the correct preposition.
1. They are (in/on/at) 229 Broadway Avenue.

2. Thomas is studying (in/on/at) Paris.
3. The new bank is (in/on/at) Jefferson Street.
4. Fred is going to Europe (in/on /at) Monday.
5. My birthday is (in/on/at) July.
6. She was at the club (in/on/at) 9 o’clock.
7. Independence day is (in/on/at) September 7th.
8. There was a big rock concert (in/on/at) 1970.
 Complete the sentences. Follow the example.

Jack’s book is interesting.
1. The boys ______ bicycle is black.

2. Sally ______ dress is long.
3. The man ______ Shirts are in the closet.
4. The dog ______ house is in the garden.
5. The women ______ hats are expensive.
6. My parents ______ house is comfortable.
7. The ladies ______ dresses are red.
8. The children ______ toys are new.
9. The sun ______ rays burn.
10. The earth ______ surface is round.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
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CAPÍTULO
THE ALBATROSS
Objetivo:
EmpregarcorretamenteoPresentContinuousTenseparaexpressarumaação
queestáocorrendonomomentodafalaou indicar algo em progresso e, normalmente,
uma ação ou evento temporário.
Read the text. Answer the questions and do the exercises.
THE ALBATROSS
It is the morning of June 12, 1979. Bryan Allen, 26, from California,
is pedalling an airplane. Pedalling an airplane? Yes, the Gossamer
Albatross, the first muscle-powered airplane to cross the English Channel.
A journey of over 22 miles, from Folkestone in England to Cape Gris-Nez
in France, in two hours and forty-nine minutes. A ship is following the
Albatross along the way. They are talking over the radio.
“Wind is blowing against you, Allen. You are losing altitude,”
informs the operator in the ship.
“Yes, I noticed that, too. I am trying to, pedal faster. Please, inform
me if the altitude changes.”
“You’re coming down, Allen, you’re getting too close to the
water.”
“I’m trying. The altimeter is showing 5 feet from the surface of the
water.”
“That’s not enough. You have to be around 10 feet.”
The Albatross sinks to only 6 inches over the water. Somehow,
Allen pedals fast enough to climb again to 10 feet. Finally, he arrives
to Cape Gris-Nez. Newspapers, radio and television tell of his historic
flight.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
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COMPREHENSION 1,0 pontos
A. Answer the questions in Portuguese according to the text.
1. O que Brian Allen precisava fazer para ganhar altitude?

__________________________________________________________________
2. Albatross chegou a tocar na água?

__________________________________________________________________
3. Qual foi a velocidade média do Albatross nessa viagem?

__________________________________________________________________
4. Que parte do texto mostra que Brian Allen realizou algo incomum?
__________________________________________________________________
B. Check the correct alternative.
1. The ideal altitude for the Albatross is

a) 5 feet from the surface of the water.
b) 6 inches from the surface of the water.
c) 10 feet from the surface of the water.
2. Falkstone
a) is a city in the English Channel.
b) is a city in England.
c) is a city in France.
3. Albatross is the name of

a) an airplane.
b) a pilot.
c) a place in England.
4. Allen
a) is pedalling an airplane.
b) is following a ship.
c) is talking to a reporter.
C. Answer in English.
1. How many inches are there in a foot?

__________________________________________________________________
2. What word could be used in the text instead of “journey”?

__________________________________________________________________
3. What is Brian Allen crossing?

__________________________________________________________________

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WORD POWER 1,0 ponto
A. Match the columns with synonyms.
1. Close ( ) go up
2. Enough ( ) modify
3. Climb ( ) sufficient
4. Sink ( ) near
5. Change ( ) go down
B. What is...
1. ... an airplane powered by muscles?

A muscle-powered airplane.
2. … a machine activated by electricity?

__________________________________________________________________
3. ... a car powered by gasoline?

__________________________________________________________________
4. … a text analyzed by computer?

__________________________________________________________________
5. … a picture painted by hand?

__________________________________________________________________
 Fill in the blanks with also, too, or either.
1. We are going to the circus. Melissa is _________ going.

2. Fred is _________ hungry to wait. He is going to eat now.
3. Bill is not eating tomatoes. I’m not eating tomatoes, _________.
4. Jack is my cousin, and Sheila is my cousin, _________.
5. Father is _________ busy today. He’s not coming home early.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
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STRUCTURE
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Ortografia
Regra Geral
Os verbos não sofrem modificações ao receber a terminação -ing.

Ex: work – working
agree – agreeing
try – trying
ski – skiing
Particularidades
1. Se o verbo termina em um único e, ele perde o e ao receber -ing.

Ex: love – loving
have – having
Exceção: be – being
owe – oweing
see – seeing
2. Se o verbo termina em consoante + vogal + consoante, dobra-se a

última consoante e acrescenta-se -ing. Com verbos de duas ou mais sílabas, isso
ocorre apenas quando a sílaba tônica é a última.
Ex: run – running
begin – beginning
swim – swimming
prefer – preferring
Obs.: die-dying
tie-tying
lie-lying

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Uso
1. Expressa ações que estão acontecendo na atualidade.

Our kids are growing fast.
2. Expressa ações que estão acontecendo no exato momento em que se fala.

Neste caso, são geralmente usados com: now, at this moment, at present.
She is cleaning the house now.
3. Pode expressar ações futuras. Geralmente usado com: next week,

tomorrow, etc.
I am buying a new car next week.
PRACTICE 1,0 ponto
A. Choose the correct alternative.
1. The children (is / are) sleeping now. Don’t make any noise.
2. (Is / Are) it raining outside?
3. What (is / are) Marion doing in the laboratory right now?
4. My computer (is / are) working perfectly with the new software.
5. Can you help me? I (is / are) cleaning the garage.
B. Supply the present continuous of the verbs in parentheses.
1. Our classes are ___________________ (begin) now.

2. Look at these plants! They are ___________________ (die).
3. Don’t worry about Mary. She is (have) a good time on the farm.
4. Is your bus ___________________ (leave) in the morning? Yes, it is.
5. What are your brothers _________ (do)? They are ___________ (swim).
C. Answer the questions. Follow the example.
What’s the secretary doing? (type a letter)

She’s typing a letter.
1. What’s the girl doing? (cry)

__________________________________________________________________
2. What’s the boy doing? (run in the park)

__________________________________________________________________
3. What are the men doing? (read)

__________________________________________________________________
4. What is the woman doing? (buy an ice cream)

__________________________________________________________________
LÍNGUA INGLESA
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5. What’s the dog doing? (sleep)

__________________________________________________________________
6. What’s the baby doing? (cry)

__________________________________________________________________
7. What’s the cat doing? (climb a tree)

__________________________________________________________________

2
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CAPÍTULO
FIREFLIES
Objetivos:
 Identificar o Present Tense dos verbos em textos dados.
 Utilizar o Present Tense dos verbos regulares e irregulares na forma

afirmativa.
FIREFLIES
Fireflies do not glow in the dark – they flash. Males flash to attract
a female, and females flash back to respond.
The firefly´s “lamp” at the end of its tail contains a concentration
of luciferin, a chemical pigment that produces light after reacting with the
enzyme luciferase and the oxygen breathed by the insect.
Each species of firefly has its own particular code for attracting a
mate. The signals may be long or short, simple or complex. The number
and the length of the flashes are very important. The period of time
between flashes are important, too.
Most fireflies ignore the flashes emitted by fireflies of different
species. But there is one deadly exception.
The female of the Photuris genus usually imitates the signals of
Photinus females to attract the males. But when a male responds, her
reception is far from amorous: the Photuris female attacks the unexpecting
victim and eats him.
COMPREHENSION
A. Write T for true and F for false according to the text.
1. ( ) Luciferase is a pigment that reacts with oxygen.

2. ( ) Male and female fireflies flash in the dark.
3. ( ) The flashing code is different for each species.
4. ( ) The flashing mechanism is located in the head.
5. ( ) Luciferin reacts with luciferase and oxygen.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
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B. Answer the questions according to the text.
1. Why does the Photuris female imitate the Photinus female?

__________________________________________________________________
2. What is the difference in the flashing code of fireflies?

__________________________________________________________________
3. What happens when a Photinus male respond to a Photuris female?

__________________________________________________________________
WORD POWER
A. Match the columns with opposites.
1. male ( ) short
2. tail ( ) female
3. long ( ) defend
4. simple ( ) complex
5. attack ( ) head
B. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box.
1. This is the questionnaire that we have to _____________________ to.

2. Do you know the ______________________used in these messages?
3. The nuclear explosion was a _________________________ accident.
4. I am not talking to everybody. I’m talking to you in ________________.
5. What is the _________________________ of this road?
C. Fill in the blanks with the words from the boxes.
1. a) The _______________ girl found the wolf in the forest.

b) The _______________ little pig built a house of bricks.
2. a) She was so nervous that her voice sounded_________.

b) We must preserve_______________ energy.
3. a) Susan is____________because her boyfriend traveled.

b) I’m very____________with your present. Thank you!
4. a) I don’t like this house, although it’s ______________.

b) Give me another chair. This one is ___________.
5. a) This is a very_______xercise. Let’s do it carefully.

b) I didn’t like the lecture. The topic was_________to me.

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STRUCTURE
THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (I)
Ortografia
Regra geral
Quase todos os verbos, com exceção de to be e da maioria dos anômalos, formam
a 3ª pessoa do singular com o acréscimo de -s.
Ex: work – he works
live – he lives
play – he plays
Particularidades
1. Se o verbo termina em ss, sh, ch, x, z, ou o, acrescenta-se -es.

Ex: kiss – she kisses
teach – she teaches
buzz – it buzzes
wash – she washes
fix – he fixes
do – she does
2. Se o verbo terminar em y precedido de consoante, troca-se o y por - ies.

Ex: try – he tries
study – she studies
hurry – it hurries
Uso
1. Expressa ações habituais ou que se repetem no presente. Geralmente usado

com: always, usually, sometimes, never, seldom, every day, on Mondays
etc.
Ex: I always walk to school.
She seldom gets up early.
2. Pode expressar verdades universais e ações futuras planejadas.

Ex: Dogs bark
Your bus comes at 4:15
LÍNGUA INGLESA
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PRACTICE
A. Supply the simple present of the verbs in parentheses.
1. Birds from the north always ___________ (appear) in our farm in summer.
2. She seldom ___________ (call) us when she ___________ (need) help.
3. My sister ___________ (teach) Math to young children.
4. Peter and his friend Bob ___________ (play) tennis on Wednesdays.
5. Some people never ___________ (walk) on the left side of the street.
6. I usually___________ (wash) my clothes on Saturday morning.
B. Write sentences. Follow the example.
Melvin - mechanic - fix - trucks - cars

Melvin is a mechanic. He fixes trucks and cars.
1. Helen - teacher - teach - Portuguese – Literature

_________________________________________________________________
2. Frank - author - write - newspaper articles – books

_________________________________________________________________
3. Roger - engineer - build - houses – bridges

_________________________________________________________________
4. Carolyn - driver - drive - buses - trucks

_________________________________________________________________
C. Chose the correct alternative

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Jack is a very lazy boy. He never (get/gets) up early. He always (miss/misses)
the bus to school. Sometimes he (meet/meets) his friend Fred. Fred is also a very lazy
boy. When they (meet/ meets), they (walk/ walks) to school. But they (stop/stops) at
the newsstand first. Jack always (buy/buys) a sports magazine and Fred (buy/buys) a
music magazine. Fred (like/likes) heavy metal. They (read/reads) on the way to school
and often (arrive/arrives) late. When they arrive the gate is closed and they (go/goes)
back home.
EXERCITANDO
Agora é sua vez de criar. Com base nos quadrinhos da página anterior, crie uma
pequena história, utilizando os verbos no Simple Present Tense. Coloque seu
texto no Ambiente Moodle.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
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LCD - LIQUID CRISTAL DISPLAY
3
29
CAPÍTULO
Objetivo:
Utilizar o Present Tense dos verbos regulares e irregulares nas formas
interrogativa e negativa, usando o verbo auxiliar do/does, don’t/doesn’t.
LCD
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
The dark numbers that you see on modern calculators and digital
watches are formed from a group of natural substances. At normal
temperature, these substances are neither solid nor liquid. They are called
liquid crystals.
Liquid crystals are complex organic chemicals with molecules that
can flow like liquid, but also form regular patterns like solid crystals.
In an LCD, the crystals are sandwiched between two transparent electrodes
that transmit an electric current. The upper electrode is divided into seven
different segments. Together the segments form a figure 8.
How does the numeral 3 appear in an LCD?
1. The battery sends a low voltage charge to the five segments of the
upper electrode that will create the numeral 3.
2. The light that falls on the display is filtered through the liquid
crystals directly under the charged electrodes.
3. The polarizing sheet beneath the crystals blocks the light. So the
light doesn’t reach the mirror and isn’t reflected back to the display.
4. The result: the segments of the electrode that create the numeral 3
are black.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
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COMPREHENSION
A. Check all alternatives that complete the sentences according to

the text.
1. Liquid crystal molecules

( ) are between two transparent electrodes.
( ) can flow like liquids.
( ) can form patterns like solids.
2. The light beam

( ) reaches the mirror.
( ) is filtered through the crystals.
( ) is blocked by a polarizing sheet.
3. We can see LCDs in

( ) calculators.
( ) drugstores.
( ) watches.
B. Answer the questions in Portuguese according to the text.
1. O que significa LCD?

__________________________________________________________________
2. Qual é o estado físico do cristal líquido em temperatura ambiente?

__________________________________________________________________
3. Qual é a função da bateria?

__________________________________________________________________
4. Qual é a função da folha polarizante?

__________________________________________________________________
5. Qual é a função dos eletrodos transparentes?

__________________________________________________________________
C. Put the sentences in the correct order according to the text.
( ) The display shows the numeral.

( ) Light is filtered through the liquid crystals.
( ) Light is blocked beneath the crystals.

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WORD POWER
A. Fill in the blanks with the verbs from the box.
1. The room is dark because the curtain _____________ sunlight.

2. They _____________ flowers to their girlfriends.
3. Electric current _____________ through wires.
4. These programs _____________ the public through television.
5. Leaves _____________ from the trees during autumn.
B. Underline the word that does not match the other words in the
same line.
1. upper – lower – beneath – under

2. watch – clock – mirror – time
3. liquid – solid – gaseous – dark
4. sheet – light – plate – surface
C. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
1. John is a History teacher __________ George is not,

2. We can take a bus during the day, __________ a train
at night.
3. Mary has two brothers __________ Alice has three.
4. They are not studying __________ there is no test
tomorrow.
STRUCTURE
THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (II)
Notas
• Nas formas interrogativa e negativa, em que se usa o verbo auxiliar do/does,
o verbo principal fica no infinitivo, sem to.
• Do e does não têm tradução quando funcionam como auxiliares.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
32
PRACTICE
A. Fill in the blanks with do, does, don’t, or doesn’t.
1. ____________ this material burn in temperatures below zero?

2. My cousin Jim ____________ eat meat on Fridays.
3. ____________ the children know their parents are here?
4. Lily, the cat, ____________ sleep outside.
5. ____________ they find the course too difficult?
6. Where ____________ Jennifer do her shopping?
7. ____________ we have to be home by 9:00?
8. The gas station ____________ open until 7:30.
9. Why ____________ you go home and rest for a while?
10. How ____________ Gary go to school?
1. The battery ___________ the necessary electric current to start the engine.
a) provide b) provides
2. Does she ___________ in Chicago?

a) know – live b) knows – live
3. The world’s population ___________ to increase very quickly in the next 5

years.
a) tends b) tend
4. Urban developments_________huge investments in housing and

transportation.
a) demand b) demands
5. Temperature in Recife never __________ 7° C.

a) reach b) reaches
C. Write sentences. Follow the example.
Nelson – read – books – newspapers

Nelson reads books, but he doesn’t read newspapers.
1. We – play – football – tennis

__________________________________________________________________
2. Nancy – make – lunch – dinner

__________________________________________________________________
3. The government – build – roads – houses

__________________________________________________________________
4. The kids – eat – fruit – vegetables

__________________________________________________________________

33
5. My brother – like – sports – football
__________________________________________________________________
6. I – ride – cars – horses

__________________________________________________________________
D. Rewrite the sentences into the negative and the interrogative forms.
1. His brothers leave for school at 7:00.
Negative: ____________________________________________________
Interrogative: _________________________________________________
2. Dennis brings his book to school every day.
Negative: ____________________________________________________
Interrogative: _________________________________________________
3. She brushes her hair before breakfast.
Negative: ____________________________________________________
Interrogative: _________________________________________________
4. Susan empties the trash every morning.
Negative: ____________________________________________________
Interrogative: _________________________________________________
5. They go to school on foot.
Negative: ____________________________________________________
Interrogative: _________________________________________________
EXERCITANDO
As figuras reproduzidas no texto LCD – LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

referem-se ao processo de produção de imagens na tela de calculadoras e relógios
digitais. O seu celular faz uso desse processo tecnológico? Pesquise sobre o referido
processo e coloque seus achados no Fórum de Discussão LCD.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
34

4
35
CAPÍTULO
RING! RING! RING!

Objetivos:
 Identificar, em textos dados em Inglês, palavras cognatas ou “transparentes”,
cuja forma e sentido são muito parecidos com os que elas têm em português.
 UtilizaroPresentTenseeoPresentContinuousTense,bemcomoosadvérbios
de frequência, em frases negativas e afirmativas.
RING! RING! RING!
It’s 2 o’clock in the morning. The telephone is ringing.

Who is calling at this time in the morning? … Perhaps it is Claire…
No, it is not Claire. She always goes to her summer house on weekends.
She doesn’t have a telephone there.
It could be Betsy. Please, not Betsy! She is taking a course on
meditation this week. I bet that she wants to talk about her course… but
at 2 o’clock in the morning? … No, it isn’t Betsy. She told me that she
is sleeping well after her meditation sessions… All right! All right, I’m
coming! … Maybe it’s Ricky.
He’s having a hard time because of his broken leg. He doesn’t sleep
and spends a long time on the phone.
I’m not going to answer.
I want to sleep. No… but what if Ricky
needs help? I’m going to answer.
The telephone stopped ringing. Who
was calling me? Was it Claire? Or
Betsy? Or Ricky?... Ring, you stupid
telephone, please ring again!
LÍNGUA INGLESA
36
COMPREHENSION
A. Match the columns according to the text.
1. Claire ( ) has a broken leg.

2. Betsy ( ) wants to sleep.
3. Ricky ( ) has a summer house.
4. The narrator ( ) sleeps well.
B. Answer Y (yes) or N (no) according to the text.
1. ( ) The narrator finally answers the telephone.

2. ( ) The telephone at the summer house is broken.
3. ( ) Ricky talks a lot on the telephone.
4. ( ) The narrator talks to Claire for along time.
5. ( ) The narrator does not talk to Ricky.
C. Answer the questions in Portuguese according to the text.
1. É possível saber se o narrador estava dormindo quando o telefone tocou?

__________________________________________________________________
2. O que acontece quando ele decide atender o telefone?
__________________________________________________________________
3. Por que você acha que ele pede para o telefone tocar de novo?
__________________________________________________________________
WORD POWER
A. Write S synonyms or O for opposites.
1. ( ) perhaps — maybe
2. ( ) broken — perfect
3. ( ) call on the telephone - answer the telephone
4. ( ) late — early
5. ( ) it could be — perhaps it is
B. Match the columns.
1. l am taking a course… ( ) because he is rich.

2. Brian spends a lot of money... ( ) and needs help.
3. Carol is calling Ricky... ( ) on African sculpture.
4. Joe answers the telephone… ( ) but he doesn´t answer.
5. Cindy broke her arm... ( ) because it is ringing.

37
 Fill in the blanks with the false friends above.
1. The telephone is ringing. Are you going to __________________ it?

2. They ________________________ to go to Europe next year.
3. I _______________________ English classes at night.
4. Do you _____________________ the exercise?
5. She _____________ that she is rich, but we know that she is poor.
STRUCTURE
THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND THE PRESENTCONTINUOUS TENSES

Uso
Geralmente, verbos que indicam sensação, percepção ou conhecimento não
usados nas formas contínuas, mesmo quando a ação se passa no momento em que
se fala.
I don’t like it — Não estou gostando disto!

Do you understand? — Você está entendendo?
Do you see that? — Você está vendo aquilo?
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
Uso
Acompanhadosdosimplepresent,expressamafrequênciacomqueumaação
é praticada. Geralmente são colocados antes do verbo principal. Os mais comuns são:
sometimes (às vezes); often, frequently (frequentemente); usually, generally
(geralmente); always (sempre); seldom, rarely, hardly ever (raramente); never
(nunca).
I usually get up early.

She sometimes arrives late.
We often walk to school.
They rarely have lunch at home.
You always tell me lies.
He seIdom studies hard.
I never wash the dog.
PRACTICE
A. Supply the present continuous of the verbs in parentheses.
1. Look! That house __________ (burn). Let’s call the fire department.
2. Marylin _____________ (take) karate classes this semester.
3. What ____________ the kid ____________ (do) in that room?
4. Nobody knows why Bob _______________ (cry) again.
5. Our company _____________ (produce) 100 chairs this month.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
38
6. Brazil__________ (face) important changes in the economical system.

7. Please, speak louder. l can’t understand what you _________ (say).
8. Don’t interrupt Nancy now. She __________ (write) her composition.
9. Mr. Thomas can´t see you at this moment. He __________ (have) lunch.
10. Billy isn’t an engineer anymore. He __________ (run) a restaurant now.
11. The children _____________ (sing) a beautiful Christmas song.
12. ______________ Tom _______________ (do) his exercises?
13. Father __________ (not-work) now. He _________ (sleep) on the sofa.
B. Choose the correct alternative.
1. There’s someone in that. I (hear/am hearing) noises.

2. Look, Kathy (talks/is talking) to a strange boy. Who is he?
3. Inflation rates (aren´t increasing/don’t increase) as fast as some years ago.
4. My brother often (travels/is traveling) by car. He is afraid of airplanes.
5. Linda seldom (replies/is replying) to my letters. I think she doesn’t like to
write.
6. Jack (is wearing/wears) that funny hat again.
7. Go to the kitchen and check. (smell/am smelling) something burning.
8. Silence! The children (sleep/are sleeping) now.
9. Stella (drives/is driving) to San Francisco this morning.
10. What (do you want/are you wanting) to eat now?
11. This chocolate cake is delicious. The children (are liking/like) it a lot.
12. Ted never (goes/is going) to school on Mondays.
13. Can you explain that again? We (don´t understand/understanding) it.
14. We rarely (have/are having) any doubt.
C. Translate into English.
1. Estou vendendo meu carro. Você quer comprá-lo?

__________________________________________________________________
2. Ela está querendo ir ao supermercado hoje.

__________________________________________________________________
3. Não posso falar com você agora porque estou pintando a porta da garagem.
__________________________________________________________________
4. Os pregos estão caindo rapidamente.

__________________________________________________________________
5. Você está gostando do jogo?

__________________________________________________________________
6. Você está vendo a Mary?

__________________________________________________________________

39
D. Ask questions, using the words in italics as a guide for each
question. Follow the example.
She’s making a cake.
What is she making?
1. She’s making a cake in the kitchen.

__________________________________________________________________
2. She’s making the cake this afternoon.

__________________________________________________________________
3. She’s making a cake because today it’s her birthday.

__________________________________________________________________
4. They are playing chess.

__________________________________________________________________
5. She lives near the museum.

__________________________________________________________________
LÍNGUA INGLESA
40
EXERCITANDO
Imagine o que a garota está pensando e crie um pequeno texto, utilizando o Simple
Present, o Present Continuous Tense e Adverbs of Frequency. A seguir, coloque, no
Ambiente Moodle, o texto que você construiu.

5
41
CAPÍTULO
JANUARY 1, 2001
Objetivo:
Empregar o futuro imediato dos verbos regulares e irregulares, relacionando-
os com as expressões de tempo adequadas.
JANUARY 1, 2001
The first day of the 21st century isn´t going to be January 1, 2000.
January 1, 1900 was not the first day of the 20th century either, it was
January 1, 1901. The first day of the twenty-first is going to be January
1, 2001. We must remember that the Christian calendar started January
1 of the year A.D.1. There was no year zero.
Think of it this way: if you begin with January 1, in year 1, and end
on December 31, in year 99, you only have 99 years. In order to complete
a century (100 years), we must count one more whole year from January
1, year 100 to December 31, year 100. So, on December 31, 1999, the
twentieth century is going to be only 99 year old. In order to make it 100
full years, we must count from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2000.
Thus the first day of the 21st century is going to be January 1, 2001.
COMPREHENSION
A. Complete the sentences.
1. Bill was born in 1984, thus he is going to be ____________ years old in the
first year of the twenty-first century.
2. ____________, ____________, ____________ and _____________ are
the names of the months ending in “y”.
3. __________ and ________ are the names of the months starting with “a”.
B. Answer the questions in Portuguese according to the text.
1. Afinal, qual é a data da passagem do século XX para o século XXI?

__________________________________________________________________
2. Quando foi o ano zero?
__________________________________________________________________
LÍNGUA INGLESA
42
3. Quando teve início o calendário cristão?

__________________________________________________________________
4. Quantos anos há de 1° de janeiro do ano 1 a 1° de janeiro do ano 100?
__________________________________________________________________
C. According to what you learned in the text, answer the

questions.
1. In what century was the discovery of Brazil? (1500)

__________________________________________________________________
2. In what century was the French Revolution? (1789)
__________________________________________________________________
3. In what century was the end of World War II? (1945)
__________________________________________________________________
WORD POWER
1. first ( ) incomplete
2. start ( ) end
3. complete ( ) fast
B. Match the columns with synonyms.
1. begin ( ) full
2. so ( ) start
3. whole ( ) thus
C. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box.
1. They are tired. They studied the _______________ day.

2. We are going to work _______________ get money for our trip.
3. She is hungry, _______________ she is going to buy a sandwich.
4. This is a good _______________ to study Geography.
5. We are not going to school, and Tom is not going _______________.
D. Fill in the blanks with the words from the boxes.
1. a) I am going to get a zero. My homework is ____________.

b) This is the _______________ series of Walt Disney films.
2. a) The supermarket near our house is very ______________.

b) It is ________ to take all these books to school every day.
3. a) The food was not good. I have an ______________.

b) If you eat good food, you have good ______________ .
43
STRUCTURE
FUTURE WITH GOING TO
Uso
1. Expressa ação futura ou intenção.
Ex: I am going to swim.
We are going to get married.
2. Geralmente vem acompanhado de: tomorrow, nest..., in...

Ex: She’s going to travel in March.
They are going to study tomorrow.
PRACTICE
A. Supply the going to form of the verbs in parentheses.
1. The show ________________ (begin) at 9 o’clock sharp.

2. Mr. Shaw________________ (leave) the office after 5:00 today.
3. What _______________ they_______________ (do) with all that paper?
4. ________________ you________________ (send) her the reports?
5. I think I¬________________ (swim) tomorrow morning.
6. The Ministry says that food and housing________________ (be) more
reasonable next month.
7. The new factory_______________ (throw) 2 tons of chemicals into the
river.
8. Mr. Allen¬________________ (teach) us Arts next semester.
9. ________________ you ________________ (tell) the truth to the police?
10. I’m sure Sharon________________ (ask) you to help her with her Math
homework.
1. Jane always_____________ to school in the morning.

a) are going to walk c) walks
b) is going to walk d) walk
LÍNGUA INGLESA
44
2. They _____________ us the story tomorrow.

a) are tell c) are to telling
b) don’t tell d) are going to tell
3. She doesn’t play tennis on Fridays, but she _____________ next Friday.
a) is going to play c) doesn’t play
b) isn’t playing d) isn’t going to playing
4. _____________ you go to the party or not?

a) Don’t they let c) Are they let
b) Are they going to let d) Do they are going to let
5. The teacher says he _____________ our this afternoon.

a) is go to correcting c) doesn’t correcting
b) isn’t correct d) is going to correct
6. We _____________ the film now. We _____________ it tomorrow.

a) don’t watch – are watching c) aren’t watching – are going to
watch
b) aren’t watching – watch d) are going to watch – are going to
watch
7. What _____________ the day after tomorrow?

a) are you going c) are you going to do
b) you are doing d) do you do
C. Complete the sentences. Follow the example.
She’s studying now, then she’s going to walk in the park. (walk in the park)
1. He’s reading now, then___________________________ (swim in the club)

2. We are dancing now, then ________________________________ (eat)
3. I am working now, then ________________________________ (sleep)
4. They are writing now, then________________________________ (read)
5. We are selecting the material now, then _______________________ (type)
D. Ask questions, using the words in italics as a guide for each

question.
1. ____________________________________________________________
I am going to talk to Mr. Evans.
2. ____________________________________________________________
I am going to talk to Mr. Evans tomorrow morning.
3. ____________________________________________________________
I am going to talk to Mr. Evans in his office.
4. ____________________________________________________________
I am going to talk to Mr. Evans
5. ____________________________________________________________
I am going to travel by car.
45
6. ____________________________________________________________
I am going to travel with Jane.
COMPLEMENTARY TEXT
BACK TO ROOTS
A five-year program set up last June by the National Institute

of Health, the National Science Foundation and the U. S. Agency for
International Development aims to promote biodiversity and establish
new economic ties with the development world. The program, with $1.5
million in annual funding, will set up consortia of universities, nonprofit
institutes and industry to catalogue plants and other organisms, with the
goal of isolating compounds that have pharmaceutical value.
Some environmentalists are rooting for the drug companies. “It is
my hope and my expectation that people are going to find something pretty
soon that is marketable”, says Michael J. Balick, director of the Institute
of Botany at the New York Botanical Garden. This, he thinks, may lead
to a “greater appreciation of the true value of these resources”. Even if
that happens, time may be running out for the rain forest. According to
Cornell University professor of Biology Thomas Eisner, “the looking for
new chemicals is going slower than the rate at which species are becoming
extinct”.
(Scientific American,
January 1993.)
EXERCITANDO
Usando o dicionário e o vocabulário de seu conhecimento, traduza o texto BACK

TO ROOTS e coloque-o no Ambiente Moodle.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
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6
47
CAPÍTULO
TABLE MANNERS
Objetivo:
Relacionarospronomespessoaiscomossubstantivoscorrespondentes,tanto
na função de sujeito como na de objeto.
TABLE MANNERS
What do you with your left hand when you are eating?
Etiquette books by European authors tell you to let your left hand rest on
the while you hold the fork with the right hand. American books instruct
us to let our left hand rest on our lap.
You may say that this is not important. But it was very important
for a German spy during World War II. Americans spotted him at the
table: he was the only person with his left hand resting on the table.
This concern with table manners is historical. A book on etiquette from the
15th century contained these recommendations: “Do not chew anything
that you have to spit out” and “It is bad manners to dip food into the
salt.”
During the Renaissance, Erasmus of Rotterdam wrote: “If you cannot
swallow a piece of food, turn around discreetly and throw it somewhere”
and “It is impolite to clean greasy fingers on your coat. It is better to use
the tablecloth.”
COMPREHENSION
A. Answer the questions.
1. What hand do you use to hold the fork if you’re left-handed?

__________________________________________________________________
2. When you use a fork and a knife, what hand do you use to hold the forks and
what hand do you use to hold the knife if you are right-handed?
__________________________________________________________________
LÍNGUA INGLESA
48
3. Why was a German spy spotted during World War II?

__________________________________________________________________
4. What do you use to clean greasy fingers in the present time?

__________________________________________________________________
B. Answer the question in Portuguese according to the text.

Leia os dois últimos parágrafos do texto e descreva alguns preceitos de etiqueta do
século XV e da Renascença.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
WORD POWER
A. Word meaning
1. Check the verb which is not related to the mouth.

( ) to spit ( ) to dip
( ) to chew ( ) to swallow
2. Check the word which does not indicate a part of the body.
( ) coat ( ) hand
( ) lap ( ) mouth
3. Check the word which is not related to a dinner table.

( ) tablecloth ( ) food
( ) hold ( ) fork
1. She was very tired. Now she is _____________ in her bed.

2. The little boy is sitting in his mother’s _____________.
3. You must _____________ the food before you _____________.
4. Her red face _____________ her emotions.
5. They are traveling _____________ in Portugal.
1. a) Her mother is a very ___________________ person.

b) We don’t like him because he is_________________.
2. a) She was ____________________ to finish the test.

b) You must be ________________ to tame the animal.

49
3. a) Peter is the leader because he is very ____________.
b) Ann is still too _______________ to go to university.
4. a) That music has ____________________ harmony.

b) She corrected the___________________ sentences.
5. a) Don’t let the children drink _______________ water.

b) This ring is made of ____________________ gold.
STRUCTURE
PERSONAL PRONOUNS - OBJECT

Subject Object
I me
you you
he him She loves him.
she her
it it He always walks with her.
we us
you you
they them
Uso
1. Funcionam como objeto da oração. São usados após o verbo ou a

preposição.
2. Quando o verbo tem dois objetos, usa-se uma destas duas construções:
Ex: Give the book to her.
Give her the book.
PRACTICE
A. Supply the correct personal pronoun.
1. I see Mary and Jill in the park every morning.

I see ______________ in the park every morning.
2. Betty is talking to Bob now.

______________ is talking to ______________ now.
3. The ozone layer blocks ultraviolet radiation and protects you and l and all the
people.
______________ blocks ultraviolet radiation and protects______________.
4. Don’t leave the door open.

Don’t leave ______________ open.
5. Technology brings comfort but we have to pay a certain price.

______________ brings comfort but we have to pay a certain price.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
50
6. He and you were at the zoo yesterday, weren’t you?

______________ were at the zoo yesterday, weren’t you?
7. Mary sits between Shirley and me.

______________ sits between ______________.
8. Shirley sits between Bob and Mary.

______________ sits between ______________
9. I sit in front of Suzy.

I sit in front of ______________.
10. These aerosols damage the environment.

______________ damage ______________.
B. Match the columns.
1. l am thirsty. ( ) Put on your sunglasses.

2. It’s cold. ( ) Call the doctor.
3. I have a headache. ( ) Turn on the light.
4. It’s dark in here. ( ) Give me a glass of water.
5. It’s sunny. ( ) Close the window.
IMPERATIVE
Uso
1. Expressa ordem ou pedido.
2. Com Iet’s (let us), sugere uma ação conjunta.
Ex: Let’s go!
Let’s not go!
 Rewrite the sentences into the negative form.
1. Bring the new books tomorrow.

__________________________________________________________________
2. Leave the tickets on the table.

__________________________________________________________________
3. Find the correct answer.

__________________________________________________________________
4. Call Dr. Jones.

__________________________________________________________________
51
5. Cross the street now.
__________________________________________________________________
COMPLEMENTARY TEXT
SOS: SAVE OUR SEAS
It covers more than 70 percent of the Earth’s surface. It is an

essential source of food and water. Millions of species of plants, animals
and microbes live there. The sea and its treasures. Our precious beautiful
sea.
The ocean regulates atmospheric gases, affects the planet’s weather,
provides food and jobs for humans, and is home to countless species –
about 80 percent of the word’s biodiversity lives in the ocean.
But the oceans are in trouble, because every day we do something
to threaten. Marine pollution is a serious problem these days. Ships dump
toxic waste, tankers leak and spill oil, river systems carry pollutants such
as pesticides, herbicides and other poisons to the ocean. Every year, three
to four million tons of oil pollute the sea.
Is the situation hopeless? Can we overcome the threat to the oceans?
In every corner of the planet, experts, United Nations agencies and other
defenders of the environment are waving the red flag: “Stop the damage!
The ocean is not a garbage can!”
(Adapted from: “SOS: Save Our Seas”, In: http://www.yesmag.

bc.ca)
EXERCITANDO
A vida neste planeta não seria possível, mas nós abusamos de sua
generosidade. Discuta o assunto com seus colegas e professor/tutor, no Fórum
Navegando em Mares, Rios e Baías.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
52

7
53
CAPÍTULO
WHY DO MEN HAVE ADAM´S

Objetivo:
Relacionar os adjetivos e pronomes possessivos com os sujeitos das frases.
APPLE
WHY DO MEN HAVE ADAM’S APPLE?
Actually, both men and women have Adam’s apple. In medical

terms, the Adam’s apple is called a thyroid cartilage. The reason a man’s
Adam’s apple is larger than a woman’s is because his larynx large to
accommodate his longer vocal cords. By the way, it is men’s longer vocal
cords that give them deeper voices. A second reason, which female readers
may not like, is because women have more fat in their necks, which hides
their Adam’s apple.
The name Adam’s apple was taken from the Biblical story of Adam
and Eve. As the story goes, a piece of the apple that Eve had given Adam
to eat became lodged in his throat. From them on, Adam and all his male
descendants had an enlarged larynx as a symbol of Adam’s shame.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
54
COMPREHENSION
1. ( ) Women do not have Adam’s apple.

2. ( ) Adam’s apple is the thyroid cartilage.
3. ( ) Female vocal cords are longer.
4. ( ) Man’s voice is deeper.
5. ( ) All readers are females.
B. Answer the questions according to the text.
1. Why is a man’s larynx larger than a woman’s Iarynx?

__________________________________________________________________
2. Why don’t we see the Adam’s apple of women?
__________________________________________________________________
3. What is the origin of the name Adam’s apple?
__________________________________________________________________
4. What is the symbol of Adam’s shame?
__________________________________________________________________
5. What makes man’s voice deeper?
__________________________________________________________________
C. As the story goes, there were famous couples. Check the wrong
names.
1. ( ) Michael Jackson and Cindy Crawford

2. ( ) Charles and Diana
3. ( ) Tom Cruise and Madonna
4. ( ) Romeo and Juliet
5. ( ) Samson and Delilah
6. ( ) Bill Clinton and Nancy Reagan
7. ( ) Mickey and Minie
8. ( ) Donald and Daisy
WORD POWER
1. female ( ) smaller
2. writer ( ) male
3. hide ( ) piece
4. entire ( ) reader
5. larger ( ) find

55
B. Underline the word that does not match the other words in the
same line.
1. larynx – neck - finger - throat
2. longer – reader – deeper - larger
3. male - female - woman - shame
 Fill in the blanks with the false friends just mentioned.
1. Both her ______________ came from Italy. She is the daughter of Italians.
2. Alanis going to the __________________ to buy a book.
3. I used to go to the theater every week, but ______ l don’t like it very much.
4. Jane has a big family and she always invites all her ______ to her parties.
5. They are going to the ________________ to read some books.
6. I don’t know your sister’s name.____________ I don’t know her at all.
STRUCTURE
POSSESSIVES (ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS)

Possessive Adjectives Possessive Pronouns
my mine
your yours
his his This is my book. (adjective)
her hers
its its That book is yours. (pronoun)
our ours
your yours (your book)
their theirs
Uso
1. Os adjetivos possessivos vêm antes do substantivo.
2. Os pronomes possessivos são usados no Iugar do substantivo.
3. Tanto os adjetivos quanto os pronomes concordam com o possuidor e não com a
coisa possuída.
Ex: I bring my books, you can bring yours.
Obs.:
• Quando o possuidor for um pronome indefinido, o possessivo será
masculino e singular.
Ex: Everyone must bring his book.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
56
• A estrutura of + pronome possessivo significa “um dos”, “uma das”.
Ex: She is a friend of mine. (She is one of my friends.)
PRACTICE
A. Choose the correct alternative.
1. In the future housewives are going to do all (their/theirs) shopping through the
computer.
2. Tom always types (his/hers) letters, but we never type (our/ours).
3. Karen and Susan are waiting for (their/theirs) parents.
4. I know (my/mine) family very well. Do you know (yours /your)?
5. (Your/Yours) is an excellent car. How much did you pay for it?
6. She always shouts at (her/hers) children.
7. Children ask (theirs/their) parents difficult questions.
8. We are thinking about (our/ours) next test. Are you thinking about (your/
yours)?
9. There are three magazines here. The first is (my/mine), the second is (her/
hers), and the third is (their/theirs).
10. Give him (your/yours) address.
B. Supply the correct possessive.
1. Mary´s train is leaving at 3 o’clock, but John´s leaving in 3 minutes.

_________ train is leaving at 3 o’clock, but ______ is leaving in 3 minutes.
2. My brother’s favorite fruit is apple.

__________ favorite fruit is apple.
3. The cats are sleeping in the dog´s house.

The cats are sleeping in ________ house.
4. The teacher corrects the students’ compositions.

The teacher corrects __________ compositions.
5. Mr. Alien´s computer puts him in connection with the Internet.

_________ computer puts him in connection with the Internet.
6. Francisco´s daughter reads English very well.

_________ daughter reads English very well.
7. Bob and Jane’s favorite song is “New York, New York”.

____________ favorite song is “New York, New York”.
8. I see Mrs. AIlison´s car in front of the bus terminal every morning.
I see ___________ car in front of the bus terminal every morning.

57
9. The nurse´s room is on the second floor.
__________ room is on the second floor.
10. We are waiting for the children’s letter.

We are waiting for ___________ letter.
C. Supply the correct possessive.
1. I do ___________________ things, you do ___________________.

2. She can do _____________ homework alone. He can’t do _______.
3. We must wash ___________ hands before lunch.
4. The boys aren’t going to clean __________________ rooms today.
5. Dr. Smith washes ________________________ car every morning.
D. Check the correct alternative.
1. Does ____________ bring ____________ books to the class?

a) he – him c) she – her
b) her – she d) she - hers
2. Do you prefer listening to __________ records or ________?

a) your - yours c) my - him
b) your – our d) your - mine
3. Everybody must talk to __________________ coordinator.

a) ours c) mine
b) his d) him
4. Mrs. Cohen and ______ children are waiting for ______ answer
a) his - our c) their – yours
b) her – our d) her - ours
LÍNGUA INGLESA
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EXERCITANDO
Após a leitura do texto WHY DO MEN HAVE ADAM’S APPLE? e com base no
relato bíblico, conte a história de Adão e Eva em forma de diálogo. Não se
esqueça de escrever o texto em inglês e empregar os adjetivos e pronomes
possessivos estudados. Apresente o texto ao seu tutor.

8
59
CAPÍTULO
7-UP
Objetivo:
Transformar frases do singular para o plural e do plural para o singular,
empregando, de forma adequada, os nomes.
7-UP
Everybody knows that the early production of Coca-

cola contained minimum quantities of coca leaves.
Coca leaves are the material used to produce cocaine.
Many soda lovers do not know, however, that 7-UP
contained lithium carbonate in its original recipe.
Lithium carbonate is a powerful drug used in psychiatry
for the treatment of maniac-depressive individuals.
In 1929, 7-UP was launched in the American market
under the name “Bid-label Lithiated Lemon-Lime
Soda.” The use of “lithiated” in the name attracted
many consumers. The economic depression was
causing emotional depression and people liked the
idea of a beverage with lithium.
Later, the name was changed to 7-UP: 7 because
the bottle was a 7- ounce bottle; up because of the
bubbles rising from the bottom of the bottle. Lithium
carbonate was discontinued in the 1940´s. Presently,
7-UP is made from carbonated water, sugar, citric, acid, sodium citrate,
lemon oil, and lime oil, but no lithium.
COMPREHENSION
A. Answer the questions according to the text.
1. What is cocaine made of?

__________________________________________________________________
2. What is lithium carbonate?

__________________________________________________________________
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60
3. When did the great economic depression in the USA start?

__________________________________________________________________
4. Why were consumers attracted to 7-UP when it was launched?

__________________________________________________________________
5. When was lithium carbonate discontinued from the recipe of 7-UP?

__________________________________________________________________
B. Check all correct sentences according to the text.
1. ( ) Coca-Cola was made of cocaine.

2. ( ) People like Coca-Cola because of coca leaves.
3. ( ) Cocaine, heroine, and crack are made of coca leaves.
4. ( ) 7-UP was launched in the USA in 1929.
5. ( ) People were depressed and wanted a beverage to alleviate their
depression.
6. ( ) The name was changed to 7-UP in 1940.
7. ( ) 7-UP is a sugar-free soda.
8. ( ) 7 bubbles rise from the bottom of a 7-UP bottle.
9. ( ) 7-UP does not contain lithium carbonate today.
10. ( ) The 7-ounce bottle contributed to the name of the beverage.
WORD POWER
1. early ( ) descend
2. powerful ( ) top
3. rise ( ) continue
4. bottom ( ) late
5. discontinue ( ) powerless
B. Match the columns with synonyms.
1. early ( ) stop
2. soda ( ) initial
3. drug ( ) modify
4. change ( ) beverage
5. discontinue ( ) medications
1. a) The result of his work was a great _________________.

b) We weren´t _______________________ in our project.
2. a) What’s the ______________________ of this machine?

b) A telescope is a __________________ instrument.
61
3. a) There was a ________________manifestation in town.
b) Martin Luther King defended ____________________.
4. a) We found a _______________________ house to Iive.

b) Xingu National Park is famous for its ______________.
5. a) Scientists discuss the ___________________ of Saturn.

b) The ___________________bubbles attracted children.
STRUCTURE
PLURAL OF NOUNS
Regra geral
Acrescenta-se -s à forma do singular.
Ex: day – days
radio – radios
girl – girls
Ortografia
Particularidades
1. Substantivos terminados em s, ss, sh, ch, x e z recebem -es.

Ex: bus – buses
peach – peaches
kiss – kisses
box – boxes
brush – brushes
buzz – buzzes
2. Substantivos terminados em y precedido de consoante trocam o y por

-ies.
Ex: city – cities
baby – babies
3. Substantivos terminados em o precedido de consoante recebem – S.

Ex: potato – potatoes
hero – heroes
Exceções:
Ex: piano – pianos
kilo – kilos
eskimo – eskimos
4. Substantivos terminados em f ou fe
• a maioria segue a regra geral
Ex: roof – roofs
safe – safes
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62
• alguns trocam o f/fe por ves

Ex: life – lives half – halves
knife – knives leaf – leaves
wife – wives wolf – wolves
loaf – loaves shelf – shelves
thief – thieves calf – calves
Plurais Irregulares
Ex: man – men
tooth – teeth
child – children
mouse – mice
woman – women
foot – feet
PRACTICE
A. Rewrite the sentences into the plural form.
1. That woman usually eats a sandwich and a mango.

__________________________________________________________________
2. Is there a knife to open this box?

__________________________________________________________________
3. The policeman found a thief behind the piano.

__________________________________________________________________
4. Why did the man kiss the child and the woman? They were his son and
wife.
__________________________________________________________________
5. The mailman put the envelope on the shelf.

__________________________________________________________________
B. Check the correct plural form of the words on the left.
( ) chiefs
( ) heroes
1. radio ( ) brushes
2. brush ( ) radioes
3. chief ( ) chieves
4. hero ( ) mouses
5. cry ( ) cries
6. mouse ( ) mice
( ) radios
( ) crys
( ) heros
( ) brushs
63
C. Check the correct alternative.
1. The plural forms of housewife, Englishman, and roof are:

a) housewifes, Englishmans, rooves.
b) housewives, Englishmans, roofs.
c) housewives, Englishmen, roofs.
d) housewives, Englishmann, rooves.
2. The plural form of the sentence “The wolf was trying to catch the calf” is:
a) The wolfs was trying to catch the calfs.
b) The wolves was trying to catch the calves.
c) The wolfs was trying to catches the calves.
d) The wolves were trying to catch the calves.
3. The plural form of the sentence “Why doesn’t the bus stop in this city?” is:
a) Why don’t the buses stop in these cities?
b) Why doesn’t the buses stop in this citys?
c) Why doesn’t the buses stop in this cities?
d) Why don’t the buses stop in this cities?
4. The plural form of the sentence “The crash was very serious. He hurt his foot
and broke a tooth” is:
a) The crash was very serious. They hurt their feet and broke some tooth.
b) The crashes was very serious. They hurt their feet and broke some tooth.
c) The crashes were very serious. They hurt their feet and broke some teeth.
d) The crashes was very serious. They hurt their feet and broke some teeth.
5. The plural form of the sentence “Tell that girl to put her brush in this box”
is:
a) Tell those girls to put their brushes in these boxes.
b) Tell these girls to put their brushes in those boxes.
c) Tell these girls to put her brushes in these boxes.
d) Tell those girl to put their brushes in those boxes.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
64
EXERCITANDO
Você já sabe a história do 7-UP. A exemplo da história do 7-UP, pesquise a

história da coca-cola, crie um pequeno texto em inglês e coloque-o no Ambiente
Moodle.

9
65
CAPÍTULO
RAINBOWS
Objetivo:
Identificar, em frases dadas, os quantitativos (quantifier) e empregá-los,
corretamente, com nomes contáveis e nomes não contáveis.
RAINBOWS
Many people know the colors of the rainbow: red, orange, yellow,
green, blue, indigo, and purple. But very few see the rare manifestation
of this natural phenomenon. Some rainbows are all purple, all red, or
all white. And scientists suggest that not all rainbows are arched. Some
rainbows are straight.
We can see a rainbow every time droplets of water catch the rays of
the sun. To see the spectacular effects, one needs only to be in the right
place at the right time.
Purple rainbow are seen only before or at sunrise. They are formed
by high clouds. Red rainbows occur because the waves of a shorter length
are dispersed during their long trip through the atmosphere.
White rainbow appear in daylight or in moonlight, but for different
reasons. Sometimes during the day, the droplets of water are so small
that the different colors mix, creating white light. But a white rainbow by
moonlight is not white. The problem is that our eyes cannot detect colors
in very weak light, so we see it white.
COMPREHENSION
A. Check all correct alternatives according to the text.
1. Rainbows
a) ( ) are natural phenomena.
b) ( ) have six colors.
c) ( ) can be arched or straight.
d) ( ) can appear during the day or at night.
e) ( ) can have only one color.
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66
2. Purple rainbows
a) ( ) are seen at sunrise.
b) ( ) appear after sunrise.
c) ( ) appear before a long trip in the atmosphere.
d) ( ) are formed by high clouds.
e) ( ) are seen because droplets of water catch sun rays.
3. White rainbows
a) ( ) are white because the colors mix.
b) ( ) are seen white at night because of poor light conditions.
c) ( ) are only possible during the day.
d) ( ) are formed by droplets of water.
e) ( ) appear only when there is moonlight.
WORD POWER
A. Write S for synonyms or O for opposites.
1. ( ) rare – common
2. ( ) natural – articial
3. ( ) arched – curved
4. ( ) rignt – wrong
5. ( ) appear – disappear
6. ( ) sunrise – sunset
7. ( ) high – ta|l
8. ( ) lonq – short
9. ( ) reason – motive
10. ( ) spectacu|ar – magnificent
1. We cannot see the sun today because there are too many ____________ .
2. ____________, people came to the concert last night.
3. Steve is strong, but Mike is _________________ .
4. We could see the road because of the ________________ .
5. Her hair was humid with _______________ of water.
C. Fill in the blanks with the words from the boxes. Use adequate
verb tenses.
1. a) Stars _________ in the sky on clear nights

b) My pencils always_________ from my desk.
2. a) __________ your computer to the internet.

b) The telephone company may ________ our line. We
didn´t pay the bill.
67
3. a) They ___________ their country every game they play.
b) These restaurants ___________ credit cards.
4. a) I ___________ Sue, but I’m going to her party.

b) Children _______________ to play in the park.
5. a) We must not ____________ our parents.

b) Those terrible little boys never ___________ their mother.
STRUCTURE
QUANTITATIVES
There are many boys in this group.

I drink much water every day.
Few girls came to the party.

There is little sugar in this pot.
You can invite a few friends for lunch.

The meat is fine. It only needs a little salt.
Fewer people go to the movies nowadays.

You need less money than I do.
Obs.:
• Many e much podem ser substituídos por a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a
great deal of.
Ex: Every time I have lots of problems I drink a lot of coffee.
• Para enfatizar, usa-se very (muito).

Ex: She is very beautiful.
I like him very much.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
68
PRACTICE
A. Fill in the blanks with much, many, or very.
1. There are ___________ irrigated areas in the northeastern region of Brazil.

2. My sister is a ___________ curious person.
3. There is not __________ water in the refrigerator.
4. There is _____________superstition among ancient civilizations.
5. We see _____________ people destroying the environment today.
6. __________ Brazilians believe that number 13 is a lucky number.
7. The Empire State is a ____________ famous building in New York City.
8. George is a _____________ smart boy.
9. There were ____________ pretty girls at the show last night.
10. MaryIin always studies very ______________.
B. Supply little or few.
1. There is ____________ space in my car for all this people.

2. ________________ people came to our party last weekend.
3. There are ________________ animals in the zoo now.
4. The exam was very difficult, so we answered ________ questions.
5. We can do this with ______________ work.
6. There were _________________ mistakes in his homework.
7. “She can do ___________ exercise during two weeks,” said the doctor.
8. We can buy a shirt in this store with very ______________ money.
9. I never saw their house with so _________________ people.
10. We have ______________ hours before your departure.
C. Supply less or fewer.
1. There are __________ birds this year than there were last year.
2. Give _______________ food to the animals.
3. We have _____________ books than Paul.
4. Judy knows ____________ songs than her sister Ann.
5. Tom pays _____________ attention to class than Bob.
6. ___________ women stay home doing housework nowadays.
7. Can you help me? I have _______ time to prepare my exercise than you.
8. Things are changing quickly. There are _______ trees on our street now.
9. My father works more hours a day and gets ______ money than my mother.
10. We see _____________ children in the park in the afternoon
1. ____________ work brings____________ money.

a) little - few c) little - little
b) less - fewer d) little - fewer

69
2. We were _________ tired because we had too __________ things to do.
a) much - much c) much - very
b) very – much d) very – man
3. Nowadays we spend ______ money to buy _______ things.

a) less - less c) few - few
b) much – fewer d) much - less
4. I don’t think there is ____________ time to do the exercises.

a) much c) very
b) many d) few
5. There is _____________________ we can do to help Janet.

a) much c) few
b) very d) fewer
EXERCITANDO
O texto RAINBOWS fala sobre arco-íris que, de acordo com a lenda, guarda em
sua extremidade um Pote de Ouro. Pesquise sobre esta lenda e escreva, em
inglês, um pequeno texto sobre ela. Envie-o ao seu tutor.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
70

10
71
CAPÍTULO
IS FOUR ENOUGH
Objetivos:
 Flexionar corretamente verbos regulares no Simple Past Tense.
 Empregar, de forma adequada, o Simple Past Tense dos verbos regulares, nas
formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa.
IS FOUR ENOUGH?
What´s the minimum number of colors needed on any map so that

no two neighboring areas have the same colors?
This is a puzzling problem for cartographer. For a long time experts
suspected that the answer was four. Many experiments in the past proved
that three colors were not enough and that five were too many. However,
it was very difficult to prove that four colors were sufficient for any map.
In 1976, two mathematicians at the University of Illinois in Urbana
established the proof with the aid of a computer.
The proof they constructed is voluminous. It consists of almost 600
pages. Text and diagrams occupy 50 of them; nearly 2,500 supplementary
diagrams take up 85 more pages; and 400 pages contain more diagrams
and proofs of the theorems used. The two mathematicians used 12,000
hours of computer time to build their proof.
However, there is still a problem: the calculations are so long and
so complicated that only a computer can check their accuracy. And since
no mathematician has verified them so far, nobody is absolutely sure that
they are valid.
COMPREHENSION
A. Answer the questions in Portuguese according to the text.
1. Para que são necessárias quatro cores?

__________________________________________________________________
LÍNGUA INGLESA
72
2. Dois matemáticos de Illinois montaram um documento de quase 600 páginas.

Para que serve esse documento?
__________________________________________________________________
3. Quem pode provar a precisão dos cálculos?

__________________________________________________________________
4. Quem tem certeza de que os dados estão certos?

__________________________________________________________________
5. O que as experiências passadas demonstram com relação ao número de cores

de um mapa?
__________________________________________________________________
B. Match the columns according to the text.
1. The two mathematicians ( ) occupy 85 pages.

2. Five colors ( ) are enough for any map.
3. Nearly 2,500 diagrams ( ) are too many for a map.
4. Text and diagrams ( ) worked in a university.
5. Four colors ( ) take up 50 pages.
C. Underline the correct word according to the text.
1. It was not (easy / difficult) to prove that four colors were sufficient for any
map.
2. Scientists constructed a (large / small) proof.
3. Scientists (know / do not know) if the calculations are valid.
4. (Building / Verifying) the proof took 12,000 computer hours.
WORD POWER
A. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box.
1. The school is collecting money to _____________ the poor.

2. That company ____________ good houses.
3. _______________, we have no news for Shirley.
4. This exercise is very well done, but I ____________ want to see your other
exercises.
5. Don’t be __________________ nervous. Everything is going to be fine.
6. Formula 1 pilots drive with great ______________________.
7. The work we have is _____________________. We are going to be tired.
8. We were lost and had to walk for ___________ one hour to find our way.
9. He knows everything about maps. He’s an ___________ in cartography.
10. He is so fat that he ______________ two seats in the airplane.
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11. This knife is the ______________________ of her crime.
12. This is complicated. We have to _________________ the details.
B. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
1. Carol’s shoes are more durable ___________ mine.

2. Jack is wearing a suit _________________ he´s working.
3. His new shirt is elegant, __________ it is not expensive.
4. She created a new fashion and _____ she made a fortune.
5. Mr. Hill _____some friends are going to the game tonight.
STRUCTURE
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE - REGULAR VERBS
Notas:
• No passado, os verbos têm a mesma forma para todas as pessoas.
• Nas formas interrogativa e negativa em que se usa o auxiliar (did), o verbo
principal fica no infinitivo sem to.
Ortografia
Regra Geral
Acrescenta-se -d/-ed ao verbo.
Ex: work – worked
love – loved
play – played
agree – agreed
Particularidades
1. Verbos terminados em y precedido de consoante trocam o y por -ied.

Ex: study – studied
carry – carried
cry – cried
LÍNGUA INGLESA
74
2. Verbos terminados em consoante + vogal + consoante cuja sílaba forte

é a última dobram a consoante antes do acréscimo de -ed.
Ex: permit – permitted
occur – occurred
stop – stopped
Uso
1. Expressa hábitos passados.

Ex: I walked to school when I was a child.
2. Expressaaçõesterminadasouocorridasemummomentodefinido.Geralmente
usado com yesterday, last ..., ago, etc.
Ex: Columbus discovered America in 1492.
She arrived late last night.
PRACTICE
A. Write the simple past form of the following verbs and their
translation.
1. ask asked pedir

2. brush ________________ _________________
3. reach ________________ _________________
4. dry ________________ _________________
5. erase ________________ _________________
6. study ________________ _________________
7. gain ________________ _________________
8. hand ________________ _________________
9. ignore ________________ _________________
10. intend ________________ _________________
B. Rewrite the sentences into the interrogative form.
1. The police stopped us on our way to the stadium.

Did the police stop us on our way to the stadium?
2. Albert Einstein formulated the theory of relativity.

__________________________________________________________________
3. A big explosion destroyed several houses in the village.
__________________________________________________________________
4. Last year’s profits permitted investments in the new factory.
__________________________________________________________________
5. Our competitor opened a new industry in Chicago.
__________________________________________________________________

75
C. Supply the simple present or the simple past of the verbs in
parentheses.
1. Alfred _____________________ (work) at a big department store now.

2. What ______________ she ___________________ (study) last night?
3. Timothy ___________ (carry) t e heavy tables to the garage yesterday.
4. The president always ______ (speak) to the press in the Golden Room.
5. Why _______ the child ________ (cry) every time it is in the dark room?
6. Water ________________ (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius.
1. A bus ___________ against the house and ____________ an old lady.

a) crash – kill c) crashes – killed
b) crashed – kills d) crashed – killed
2. I _________ them. They ______________________ five minutes later.

a) called – arrived c) call – arrives
b) called – arrive d) call – arrived
3. She never ____________ with us. She __________ she’s always right.
a) agreed – think c) agree – think
b) agrees – think d) agrees – thinks
4. They ______________ when I ________________________ the door.

a) complains – closed c) complained – closes
b) complained – closed d) complains – close
5. His company ______________ a new system of recording sound.

a) develop c) deveIoped
b) develops d) developed
EXERCITANDO
Traduza o texto IS FOUR ENOUGH? A seguir, relacione, na forma do infinitivo, os

verbos regulares encontrados no texto. Envie a atividade ao seu tutor.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
76

11
77
CAPÍTULO
BAND-AID
Objetivos:
 Flexionar corretamente verbos irregulares no Simple Past Tense.
 Empregar, de forma adequada, o Simple Past Tense dos verbos irregulares,

nas formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa.
BAND-AID
Earle Dickson, a Johnson & Johnson employee, had a very clumsy

wife. Her name was Josephine Dickson. Every time she cut or burned a
finger, Earle had to apply the dressings and surgical tape that his company
produced. He needed tow hands to apply the dressing. The problem was
that Earle wasn´t always at home.
So, Earle decided to invent a dressing that stayed in place and
could be easily applied. He took a strip of surgical tape and put a small
piece of gauze in the middle. To keep the dressing clean, he covered it
with a piece of cloth.
The next time Mrs. Dickson got hurt, she just removed the cloth
and applied the dressing with only one hand.
Earle showed his invention to James Johnson, the president of the
company. Johnson immediately saw the potential of the invention. In
1924 Johnson & Johnson launched a new product – Band-Aid, the most
popular dressing around the world today.
COMPREHENSION
1. ( ) Josephine Dickson was married to Johnson & Johnson.

2. ( ) Mr. Dickson worked for Johnson & Johnson.
3. ( ) Johnson & Johnson produced dressings.
4. ( ) Earle Dickson manufactured surgical tapes.
5. ( ) Two hands were necessary to apply a dressing.
6. ( ) Mr. Dickson was always at home.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
78
7. ( ) Mrs. Dickson needed a dressing that was easy to apply.

8. ( ) Band-Aid was launched in the market in 1924.
9. ( ) Band-Aid is popular in few countries of the world.
B. Put the sentences in the correct order according to the text.
( ) He covered the dressing with a piece of cloth.

( ) He showed his invention to the president of the company.
( ) He took a piece of surgical tape.
( ) Mr. Dickson decided to invent a permanent dressing.
( ) He put a piece of gauze in the middle of the tape.
C. Answer the questions according to the text.
1. Where did Earle Dickson work?

__________________________________________________________________
2. Why was it complicated to apply the dressing?
__________________________________________________________________
3. Why did Mr. Dickson cover the dressing?
__________________________________________________________________
4. What did Johnson & Johnson produce?
__________________________________________________________________
5. How did Mrs. Dickson apply the new dressing?
__________________________________________________________________
WORD POWER
A. Write S for synonyms or O for opposites.
1. ( ) clean - dirty
2. ( ) just - only
3. ( ) show - hide
4. ( ) stay - go
5. ( ) employee - boss
6. ( ) keep – maintain
7. ( ) produce - make
8. ( ) in place - out of place
9. ( ) put - apply
10 ( ) complicated – simple
1. She went to hospital every day to change the _____________.

2. John is very ___________ He always breaks things.
3. This idea has a good ________________ for success.
4. Did you __________ your hand in the fire?
79
5. A beach is a _________________ of sand near the sea.
6. We keep this _______________ to clean the windows.
1. a) She can ____________________ find her pen.

b) This exercise is very ____________________.
2. a) She _____________________ passed the test.

b) _____________ people don’t like English.
3. a) Her _______________________ answer is yes.

b) She is _____________________ going to school.
4. a) l know ____________________ what this means.

b) This is the ________________ place of this book.
5. a) That song was very ________________ last year.

b) Coca-Cola is ___________________ called cake.
STRUCTURE
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE - IRREGULAR VERBS
Nota:
Assim como os verbos regulares, os irregulares:
• têm a mesma forma para todas as pessoas;
• usam did como auxiliar das frases interrogativas e negativas.
PRACTICE
A. Supply the simple past of the verbs in parentheses.
1. Bob ¬_________________ (see) that movie the day before yesterday.

2. My mother ____________ (tell) me a beautiful story last night.
3. We _________________ (give) a nice present to Mr. Swam yesterday.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
80
4. l _______________ (become) nervous during the game.

5. My friend ____________ (come) from Holland two months ago.
6. Forty years ago nobody ________________ (wear) synthetic clothes.
7. The streets _____________ (be) quieter and less violent some years ago.
8. Afifteen-year-old boy ___________ (break) the 100—meter swimming record
last weekend.
B. Supply the simple present or the simple past of the verbs in

parentheses.
1. Judy __________ (walk) to school every day. l always see her on my way
to the office.
2. That dog _________________ (follow) Jane to her house yesterday.
3. Frank and Peter often _______________ (tell) us stories about sailors.
4. The doctor ___________ (seem) very tired after the surgery this morning.
5. The boys ______________ (arrive) two hours ago.
6. They never __________ (wait) for the bus here. This is a dangerous area.
7. Dr. Spencer _______________ (invent) a talking machine in 1989.
8. My sister _______________ (take) her children to school every morning.
9. In 1989 my brother _________________ (wear) his first suit.
10. l _________________ (find) a wallet on the street yesterday.
C. Supply the correct verb tense of the verbs in parentheses.
1. Tom _____________________ (write) many postcards yesterday.

2. The girls _________________ (buy) my present tomorrow.
3. My sister ________________________ (drink) some milk now.
4. Jessica __________________ (leave) home at 4 o´clock every day.
5. They____________________ (leave) school after the students show
yesterday.
D. Answer the questions. Follow the example.
Did he take a bus or a taxi?

He didn´t take a bus. He took a taxi.
1. Did he find a dollar or a picture?

__________________________________________________________________
2. Did you carry a table or a box?
__________________________________________________________________
3. Did she try to play tennis or football?
__________________________________________________________________
4. Did the cats destroy the flowers or the vase?
__________________________________________________________________
5. Did they read a book or the newspaper?
__________________________________________________________________
6. Did you write a letter or a card?
__________________________________________________________________

81
E. Complete the sentences. Follow the example.
I play tennis now. (last year)

I play tennis now, but I didn’t play it last year.
1. Jeff swims very well now. (last month)

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. The girls speak English now. (last year)
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. My brother makes his breakfast now. (two years ago)
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4. I help my brother now. (when we were boys).
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
5. George loves Janice now. (last summer)
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
COMPLEMENTARY TEXT
IT’S ONLY NATURAL!

Power on the road
Smog, a mixture of fog and smoke caused by cars, is a common sight

in Los Angeles. To combat this, one-tenth of all new cars in California will
run on electricity by the year 2003. Factories are already testing battery-
powered cars, like this Ford Ecostar police van. It has a 100-mile range,
a top speed of 70 mph (miles per hour) and, best of all, a virtually silent
engine.
(Adapted from Earth Alert. Nicole Charmichael, World

Book, 1996)
LÍNGUA INGLESA
82
EXERCITANDO
Qual é a sua opinião sobre o problema abordado no texto? Você concorda

que há carros demais em nossas cidades, contribuindo muito para a má qualidade
do ar e que o uso de carros particulares deve ser limitado pelas autoridades do
governo? Ou acha que o governo não tem o direito de impedir uma pessoa de usar
o seu veículo quando bem entender? O carro movido a eletricidade poderá ser uma
solução, aqui no Brasil? Quais suas vantagens e desvantagens?
Debata o tema com seus colegas, por meio de um Fórum de Discussão. A
seguir, elabore um pequeno texto em inglês, apresentando sua opinião sobre o
tema, e disponibilize-o no Ambiente Moodle.

83
IRREGULAR VERBS
PASSADO PARTlCÍPlO
INFINITIVO TRADUÇÃO
SIMPLES PASSADO
to arise arose arisen levantar; originar
to be was/were been ser, estar
BONUS
to bear bore born suportar, aguentar
to beat beat beaten vencer, derrotar
to become became become tornar-se
to begin began begun começar, iniciar
to break broke broken quebrar
to bring brought brought trazer
to broadcast broadcast broadcast transmitir
to build built built construir
to burn burnt burnt queimar
to buy bought bought comprar
to catch caught caught pegar, agarrar
to choose chose chosen escolher
to come came come vir
to cut cut cut cortar
to deal dealt dealt lidar
to do did done fazer
to dream dreamt dreamt sonhar
to drink drank drunk beber
to drive drove driven dirigir, guiar
to eat ate eaten comer
to fall fell fallen cair
to feed fed fed alimentar(-se)
to feel felt felt sentir
to fight fought fought lutar, brigar
to find found found achar
to fly flew flown voar
to forget forgot forgotten esquecer
to freeze froze frozen congelar
to get got got, gotten obter, conseguir
to give gave given dar
to go went gone ir
to grow grew grown crescer
to have had had ter
to hear heard heard ouvir
to hide hid hidden esconder
to hit hit hit bater, chocar-se
to hold held held segurar; realizar
to hurt hurt hurt ferir-se
to keep kept kept manter, guardar
to know knew known saber, conhecer
to lay laid laid por, colocar
to lead led led Iiderar, levar
to learn learnt learnt aprender
to leave left left partir, deixar
LÍNGUA INGLESA
84
PASSADO PARTlCÍPlO
INFINITIVO TRADUÇÃO
SIMPLES PASSADO
to lend lent lent emprestar
to let let let deixar, permitir
to lie lay lain deitar, jazer
to lose lost lost perder
to make made made fazer
to mean meant meant significar, querer dizer
to meet met met encontrar, conhecer
to misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood entender errado
to overcome overcame overcome superar
to pay paid paid pagar
to put put put por, oolocar
to quit quit quit desistlr
to read read read Ier
to repay repaid repaid devolver
to ring rang rung soar, tocar (campainha)
to rise rose risen subir; levantar-se
to run ran run correr
to saw sawed sawed/sawn serrar
to say said said dizer
to see saw seen ver
to sell sold sold vender
to send sent sent enviar, mandar
to set set set por; estabelecer
to sew sewed sewed/sewn costurar
to shake shook shaken sacudir, tremer
to shear sheared shorn tosquiar, tosar
to shine shone shone brilhar
to shoot shot shot alvejar, atirar
to sing sang sung cantar
to sit sat sat sentar-se
to sleep slept slept dormir
to sow sowed sowed/sown semear
to speak spoke spoken falar
to spend spent spent gastar; passar (o tempo)
to spread spread spread espalhar, disseminar
to stand stood stood levantar-se
to steal stole stolen roubar
to strike struck struck atingir
to strive strove striven lutar por alguma coisa
to swim swam swum nadar
to take took taken pegar; tomar
to teach taught taught ensinar
to tell told told contar, dizer
to think thought thought pensar
to throw threw thrown jogar, atirar
to understand understood understood entender, compreender
to wake woke woken acordar
to wear wore worn vestir, usar
to win won won vencer
to withstand Withstood Withstood aguentar, suportar
to write wrote written escrever

85
REFERÊNCIAS
ARCHER, Allen; SASLOW, Joan. Summit 2: english for today’s world. Pearson
education. New York: White Plains, 2006.
BARKER,Chris;MITCHEL,Libly;JOHNSTON,Olivia.Megatrends4.Milano,Italy:
Mac Millan Edition, 2004.
BERLITZ,Charles.Inglêspassoapasso.Tradução:ÉlidaMastena.SãoPaulo:Martins
Fontes, 1994.
BROWN, H. Douglas. Vistas an interative course in english. Prentice Hall. New
Jersey: Englewood Cliffs, 1993.
COBUILD,Collins.Englishlanguagedictionary.NewYork:HarperCollinsPublishers,
2000.
COSTA, Sebastião Paulo Oliveira. Easy grammar for conversational english:
elementary. Manaus: Grafima, 2000.
IGREJA, José Roberto A. How do you say … in English? Expressões coloquiais e
perguntas inusitadas. São Paulo: Editora DISAL, 2005.
MAURER, Jay; SCHOENBERG, Irene E. True colors: an EFL course for real
communication. Basic. New York: Pearson Longman, 1999.
MICHAELIS. Dicionário ilustrado inglês-português. São Paulo, 2000.
MURPHY, Raymond. Essential Grammar in use: a self-study reference and practice
book for elementary students of English with answers. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1996.
PREISS, Sherry. North star: listening and speaking. 2nd. Edition advanced. New
York: Pearson Longman, 2004.
PRESCHER,Elisabeth;PASQUALIN,Ernest;AMOS,Eduardo.NewgradedEnglish.
São Paulo: Moderna, 1997.
RICHARDS, Jac C. Interchange “B”. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1993.
SOARS, John; SOARS, Liz. New headway english course – elementary: Teacher’s
Book. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
TORRES, Nelson. Gramática prática da língua inglesa: o inglês descomplicado. São
Paulo: Saraiva, 2000.
SASLOW, Joan; ASCHER, Allen. Top Notch – fundamentals: teacher’s edition and
lesson planner. New York: Pearson Longman, 2006.
LÍNGUA INGLESA
86
Ementa:
EstruturamorfossintáticadaLínguaInglesa.Compreensãoauditivaeprodução
VISÃO GERAL DA
de frases simples do cotidiano. Uso de funções comunicativas e de expressões

idiomáticas. Produção textual dirigida.
DISCIPLINA
Carga horária: 60 h
Conteúdo Programático:
Pre-unit: REVISÃO
Unit 1: THE ALBATROSS

The Present Continuous Tense
Unit 2: FIREFLIES
The Simple Present Tense (I)
Unit 3: LCD – LIQUID CRISTAL DISPLAY

The Simple Present Tense (II)
Unit 4: RING! RING! RING!

False Friends
The Simple Present and The Present Continuous Tenses
Adverbs of Frequency
Unit 5: JANUARY 1, 2001

Future with going to
Unit 6: TABLE MANNERS

Personal Pronouns – Object
Imperative
Unit 7: WHY DO MEN HAVE ADM’S APPLE?

False Friends
Possessives adjectives and pronouns
Unit 8: 7 – UP
Plural of Nouns
Unit 9: RAINBOWS
Quantitatives
Unit 10: IS FOUR ENOUGH?

The Simple Past Tense – Regular Verbs
Unit 11: BAND-AID

The Simple Past Tense – Irregular Verbs
Bonus: Irregular Verbs

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1

Prof. Esp. Acioli Fernandes da Gama

ACIOLI FERNANDES DA GAMA

Univerdade Federal do Maranhão

Edição – Livro didático

Copyright @ UFMA/NEaD, 2010

GAMA, ACIOLI FERNANDES DA

Língua Inglesa / Acioli Fernandes da Gama – São Luís: UFMA/NEaD, 2010.

1. Língua Inglesa I. Universidade Federal do Maranhão. II. Núcleo de Edu-

Catalogação na publicação por Sylvania Cavalcante de Sá CRB13/449

ACIOLI FERNANDES DA GAMA

A disciplina Língua Inglesa foi cuidadosamente estruturada e organizada para

Composta de 11 unidades, seu objetivo principal é abrir passagem para

A inclusão de textos, adaptados de jornais, revistas e livros, enseja a leitura de

Segundo a linguística moderna, o importante, no aprendizado de um idioma

De posse deste material, esperamos que você adquira conhecimento e domínio

Prof. Acioli Fernandes da Gama

ACIOLI FERNANDES DA GAMA

PRE-UNIT - Revisão do Ensino Médio..................................................... 09

4 RING! RING! RING!........................................................................... 35

7 WHY DO MEN HAVE ADM’S APPLE?............................................... 53

VISÃO GERAL DA DISCIPLINA.............................................................. 86

listen speak read write

look point circle complete

a letter a word a sentence a question

a book a class a partner a picture

ACIOLI FERNANDES DA GAMA

Revisão do Ensino Médio

 Give the plural.

 Rewrite the sentences into the plural.

1. This girl is beautiful.

ACIOLI FERNANDES DA GAMA

Supply the correct personal pronoun.

1. Mr. Todd is a doctor. ____ is a doctor.

 Choose the correct alternative.

1. We live near (she/her).

Observe these examples:

 Complete the dialogues. Follow the example.

Peter is English. (Susan) Is Susan English, too?

1. He is at school. (they) ___________________, too?

3. That man is French. (you and your sister) _______________________, too?

4. This cat is black. (dog) _________________________, too?

5. The doctor is young. (pilot) _________________________, too?

6. The airport is far. (theater) _________________________, too?

 Supply there is or there are.

1. ______________________ children playing ball.

 Supply the verb to be in the past.

1. This _______ my first Italian book.

 Supply there was or there were.

1. __________ many children in the park yesterday.

 Complete the questions with Who, What, When, or Where so

1. Peter was at home last night.

2. Mother is cooking dinner in the kitchen now.

ACIOLI FERNANDES DA GAMA

1. They are (in/on/at) 229 Broadway Avenue.

 Complete the sentences. Follow the example.

1. The boys ______ bicycle is black.

ACIOLI FERNANDES DA GAMA

Read the text. Answer the questions and do the exercises.

COMPREHENSION 1,0 pontos

A. Answer the questions in Portuguese according to the text.

1. O que Brian Allen precisava fazer para ganhar altitude?

2. Albatross chegou a tocar na água?