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REVOLUCIONÁRIAS -
COMUNISMO
PROF. ZÉ LUIS
INTRODUÇÃO
O séc. XIX foi marcado por discussões sobre a natureza da
sociedade.
Discussões teóricas nas mais variadas áreas: liberalismo
econômico clássico, economia de mercado, realizações e
democracia participativa eram as mais apropriadas às ciências
humanas, uma vez que visavam o bem da sociedade de forma
geral.
Apesar das teorias generalizantes, o modelo não contemplava a
todos, imperando a desigualdade social, respaldada pelo
governo.
O conflito de ideias deu origem a uma nova teoria: o socialismo.
SOCIALISMO UTÓPICO
• Surgida entre as guerras napoleônicas e as revoluções de 1848,
acreditava na transformação da sociedade por meio de
reformas sem a “luta de classes” e da revolução proletária.
• Segundo Saint-Simon, a sociedade estava dividida entre
“ociosos” e “produtores” e necessitava de um governo de
trabalhadores.
• Aceitava a livre imprensa e o lucro dos capitalistas uma vez que
assumissem determinadas responsabilidades sociais.
• A organização social deveria se basear em princípios cristãos.
SOCIALISTAS UTÓPICOS
● Charles Fourier propôs uma organização
baseada na associação e
cooperativismo, que permitisse aos
homens desenvolverem plenamente os
seus talentos.
● Afirmava que a última fase da história
seria o socialismo.
● Todos obedeceriam às normas e se
organizariam em unidades de produção
especialmente criadas para a felicidade
humana, compostas por
aproximadamente 1800 trabalhadores,
chamados de falanstérios.
SOCIALISTAS UTÓPICOS
• Robert Owen se baseou em princípios iluministas para divulgar
as suas teses.
• Segundo o mesmo, o caráter do homem era formado pelas
circunstâncias: as reformas necessitavam de condições de
felicidade e harmonia.
• A sociedade deveria suprimir a concorrência e os conflitos.
• Owen chegou a criar cooperativas na Grã-Bretanha e uma
cidade chamada de New Harmony, nos Estados Unidos da
América.
SOCIALISMO CIENTÍFICO OU MARXISMO
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Economic and social transformations
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1870s-1914
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1969
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Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the entire Solar System.
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It’s a gas giant and 01 02 Despite being red,
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