FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES

NO BRASIL: DILEMAS E
PERSPECTIVAS
Dermeval Saviani
 Objetivos:
O autor descreve a realidade atual da educação e da
formação de professores no Brasil;

Aponta o expressivo aumento do número de

alunos nas instituições;

Revela a manutenção da baixa qualidade do

ensino;

Analisa os modelos e os dilemas do processo de

formação docente.
1. A situação atual da educação e a formação de professores
“No decorrer do século XX, o Brasil passou de um atendimento
educacional de pequenas proporções, próprio de um país
predominantemente rural, para serviços educacionais em grande
escala, acompanhando o incremento populacional e o crescimento
econômico que conduziu a altas taxas de urbanização e
industrialização” (p .08).

Em 1933, população de 40 milhões;

Em 1998, população quadruplicou, atingindo 167 milhões;

A matrícula geral aumentou vinte vezes.

1. A situação atual da educação e a formação de professores
“Vê-se, assim, que, relativamente, a trajetória do século XX
representou, do ponto de vista quantitativo, um significativo avanço
no campo educacional” (p.08).

Necessidade da Universalização do acesso ao Ensino Fundamental

(escolaridade passou de 8 para 9 anos de idade, com a incorporação das crianças
de 6 anos);

Qualidade do ensino – atestados pelas avaliações;

Evidenciou o desempenho insuficiente;
Em 2009, 50,2% não concluíram o EF obrigatório.
 O professor
Os professores são culpabilizados pelos desempenhos
insuficientes dos estudantes;

Falta de estrutura e materiais;

Políticas de formação continuada mais efetivas;
Valorização da profissão;
 01
A situação atual da educação e a
formação de professores
 1. A situação atual da educação e a formação de professores
No decorrer do século XIX, para se resolver o problema da
instrução popular, foram instalados, em cada país, os sistemas
nacionais de ensino, colocando a exigência de se dar uma
resposta institucional para a questão
O sistema da formação
nacional organiza docente.
as
responsabilidades pela Educação de todo o
Na história da formação de professores
país. Ou seja, se configuraram
organiza e distribui as funçõesdois
modelos contrapostos:entre os Municípios, Estados e a União.
1. “Modelo dos conteúdos culturais-cognitivos de formação de
professores”; PNE- Plano Nacional de Educação

2. “Modelo pedagógico-didático de formação de professores”.

1. “Modelo dos conteúdos culturais-cognitivos de formação de
professores”

A formação do professor se esgota na cultura geral e no domínio específico

dos conteúdos da áreas de conhecimento correspondente à disciplina que
irá lecionar.

A formação virá em decorrência do domínio dos conteúdos, sendo

adquirida na própria prática docente ou mediante mecanismos do tipo
“treinamento em serviço. Em qualquer hipótese, não cabe à universidade
essa ordem de preocupações”.

Predominou nas instituições que se encarregaram da formação professores

secundários (4 ultimas séries do fundamental e Médio) . p. 8 e 9
2. “Modelo pedagógico-didático de formação de professores”
Contrapondo-se ao anterior, este modelo considera que a formação
do professor propriamente dita só se completa com o efetivo
preparo pedagógico didático.
Cabe as instituições formadoras assegurara, por meio da
organização curricular, a preparação pedagógica-didática dos
professores.
Predominou nas instituições se encarregaram da formação dos
professores primários
Os professores estão, na sua esmagadora maioria,
agudamente conscientes da inadequação da formação
profissional recebida; eles se sentem jogados na água sem
que ninguém esteja preocupado em ensiná-los a nadar. De
um lado, eles julgam quase sempre suficiente a preparação
disciplinar obtida, mas se sentem desguarnecidos na linha
de frente do conhecimento dos problemas educativos, dos
processos de aprendizagem na idade evolutiva, das
metodologias didáticas gerais (programação curricular,
avaliação etc.) e das metodologias didáticas específicas da
matéria ensinada” (SAVIANI, 2011, p. 9, XX CAVALLI, a
cura di, 1992, p. 243).
 02
Dilemas da formação de professores no
Brasil, na situação atual.
 Table of contents

01 Backgrounds 03 Reminder 05 Homework

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02 Avatars 04 Planning 06 Others

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Subject
Science Read today’s lesson Do exercises 1 and 2

Music Bring instrument Practice song

Language Read book Do grammar exercises

Maths Do calculation Learn lesson

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● Paint mural ● Art
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● Do exercises 4 and 5 ● Maths
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Student 2

Student 3

Student 4

Student 5
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● Student 2
● Student 3
● Student 4
● Student 5
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● Paint mural
● Do spelling homework
 Homework

● Do science exercises
● Paint mural
● Do spelling homework
 Materials

Pencils
Paintings
Books
Folder
Menu

04
Planning
 Write your homework

Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri

Read to book Do Science Draw Translate text Play piano

Study Maths Study Music Exercise 1

Do grammar
 Infographic

Mars Jupiter Saturn Neptune

Despite being Jupiter is a gas giant It’s composed Neptune is the
red, Mars is a and the biggest of hydrogen farthest planet from
cold place planet and helium the Sun
 Infographic

Saturn Mercury
Saturn is composed of Mercury is the closest
hydrogen and helium planet to the Sun

Neptune Mars
Neptune is the farthest Despite being red, Mars
from the Sun is a cold place
 Infographic

Mars Saturn Jupiter

Despite being It’s composed Jupiter is a gas giant
red, Mars is a of hydrogen and the biggest
cold place and helium planet
A picture is worth
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Mercury Venus Mars

Mercury is the closest Venus is the second Despite being red, Mars
to the Sun planet from the Sun is a cold place

Saturn Neptune Jupiter

It’s composed of Neptune is the farthest It’s a gas giant and the
hydrogen and helium from the Sun biggest planet
 Percentages

32% 60% 88%

Mercury Neptune Saturn

Mercury is the closest Neptune is the farthest Saturn is a gas giant and
to the Sun from the Sun has several rings
This is a map

Venus
It has a nice name, but It’s
terribly hot
 333,00000
Earths is the Sun’s mass

24h 37m 23s

is Jupiter’s rotation period

386,000km
is a very long distance
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Mars 40%
Despite being red, Mars
is a cold place Neptune 35%
Neptune is the farthest
Saturn 25% from the Sun

It’s composed of
hydrogen and helium

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 Conclusions

Mercury Venus Mars

Mercury is the closest Venus is the second Despite being red, Mars
to the Sun planet from the Sun is a cold place
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Mercury Mars
Mercury is the closest Despite being red, Mars
to the Sun is a cold place

Venus Jupiter
Venus is the second It’s a gas giant and the
planet from the Sun biggest planet
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