Prof.

Rodolpho
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Prof. Rodolpho
INGLÊS
EsPCEx 2023
Prof. Rodolpho
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Knowing the test
1 -Lendo as questões 4 - Relendo o texto

2 - Leitura “rápida” 5 - Atenção para a estrutura

3 - Foco no contexto 6 - Vocabulário

Prof. Rodolpho
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Lendo as questões
Objetivos:
- Antecipar-se ao texto; Enunciados:
- Atentar para o objetivo da questão. - Ideia central;
- Referencial (linha,
Classificando as questões: parágrafo,...)
- Interpretação; - GERAL - Interrogativa????
- Gramática; - ESPECÍFICA
- INFERÊNCIA
- Vocabulário.

Prof. Rodolpho
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ASSUNTO DO TEXTO

Prof. Rodolpho
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Leitura “rápida”:
Skimming
- Ideia geral do texto. Sentenças e palavras que vão
servir como fontes de informação para que você saiba
do que o texto se trata (contexto)

Vocabulário
- Cognatas;
- Evidências textuais;
- Palavras-chave (repetidas).

Prof. Rodolpho
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Leitura “rápida”:
Scanning
- A ideia é que você faça uma verdadeira varredura,
procurando detalhes e informações específicas e
comparando as informações das questões com o texto.
- Ficou em dúvida? Volte à pergunta, perguntas
como "O que o autor disse sobre ...", "Qual a conclusão
do estudo ...", "O que são ... mencionadas no texto
...", "Para que servem ..." e etc costumam estar
presentes no texto, na frase onde esta a resposta.
Prof. Rodolpho
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PALAVRAS-CHAVE

Prof. Rodolpho
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Prof. Rodolpho
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PALAVRAS-CHAVE

Prof. Rodolpho
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Foco no contexto

- O que se busca é uma boa interpretação de texto em

Inglês. É a capacidade de leitura e compreensão, de fazer
deduções e a reflexão sobre o assunto.

- Ter um conhecimento prévio sobre os mais diversos

assuntos também pode facilitar muito a sua vida.

Prof. Rodolpho
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 REFERÊNCIAS
Algo/Alguém

Pronomes Masc./Fem.
Singular/Plural
Prof. Rodolpho
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 INDEFINITE
Any
Some (+) Qualquer
- Algum; alguma. (-) Nenhum
(?) Algum
None
No
- Nenhum;
- Nenhum;
- Oração (+) → ideia (-)
- Oração (+) → ideia (-)
- Substitui substantivo.
Prof. Rodolpho
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He has no money.

He doesn’t have any money.

She has two brothers.

I have none. Substitui o substantivo.

Prof. Rodolpho
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 RELATIVE
Alguém (pessoa) - VERBO → S
Algo (coisa; objeto) - SUBSTANTIVO SEM ARTIGO → Posse

direto
- OBJETO
indireto
WHO – S / OD IN, ON, AT, WITH, FOR, BY, UNDER,...
Pessoa
WHOM – OD / OI

Coisa -- WHICH

WHOSE (cujo) → Posse.

Prof. Rodolpho
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EsPCEx 2012

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EsPCEx 2013

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EsPCEx 2014

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EsPCEx 2015

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EsPCEx 2018

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EsPCEx 2019

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Prof. Rodolpho
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EsPCEx 2019

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EsPCEx 2020

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EsPCEx 2021

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EsPCEx 2022

Prof. Rodolpho
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Prof. Rodolpho
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VERBS
Prof. Rodolpho
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 ESTRUTURAS TEMPOS
- Present
- Simple
Apenas um verbo. - Past

- Continuous - Future
TO BE + Verb (ING)
- Conditional
- Perfect
TO HAVE + Past Participle Would / Could / Should
 Perfect + Continuous

To have + Past Participle

To Be + Gerund (ING)

HAVE BEEN DOING

Prof. Rodolpho
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 Simple Continuous
Present – You walk. You are walking.
Ação habitual, rotineira. Ação progressiva; em andamento

Past – You walked. You were walking.

Passado definido. Ação progressiva; estava em
andamento.

Future – You will walk. You will be walking.

Futuro. Ação progressiva; em andamento
no futuro.
Prof. Rodolpho
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 Perfect Ideias
Present perfect
You have studied a lot lately. Ação inacabada.
They have already seen the film. Passado indefinido.

Past Perfect
They had called to her before I Passado distante.
called them.
Prof. Rodolpho
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 Simple Past or Present Perfect?
1. went
I __________ to Mexico in 2002. (go)
2. have gone
I _______________ deep sea diving a few times (go).
3. has studied percussions
The drummer in the band ________________
since he was five. (study)
4. took
It __________ the jury two hours to reach their verdict
yesterday.
5. has been
Washington, D.C., ________________ the capital of our
country for many years. (be)

Prof. Rodolpho
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EsPCEx 2016

Prof. Rodolpho
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EsPCEx 2017

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EsPCEx 2018

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EsPCEx 2019

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EsPCEx 2020

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EsPCEx 2022

Prof. Rodolpho
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 TO *
TO MODAL
CAN/COULD CAPACIDADE
PERMISSÃO
MAY/MIGHT POSSIBILIDADE

MUST OBRIGAÇÃO
SUGESTÃO
SHOULD
DEDUÇÃO
Prof. Rodolpho
*OUGHT TO INGLÊS
Prof. Rodolpho
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EsPCEx 2022
CONDITIONALS

Prof. Rodolpho
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Zero Conditional

If + present + present

If I go to the beach, I take a towel.

I put on my headphones if I use my phone on the bus.

We use the zero conditional To talk about a general “condition” or to describe something
that usually happens.

Prof. Rodolpho
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First Conditional

If + present + future

If I study, I will pass.

If it rains, there will be a lot of traffic.

We use the first conditional to talk about a real possibility.

Prof. Rodolpho
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2nd Conditional

If + past + conditional

If I studied, I would pass.

If I won the lottery, I would travel around

the world.

We use the second conditional to talk about an unreal possibility.

 TO BE
WERE = Subjunctive

If I were rich, I would buy a BMW.

If she were here, I would talk to her.

We use the second conditional to talk about an unreal possibility.

3rd Conditional

If + past perfect + conditional perfect

If I had studied, I would have passed.

If he had listened to his mother, he would

have become a lawyer.

We use the third conditional to talk about a unreal possibility or condition in the past.
Prof. Rodolpho
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Prof. Rodolpho
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REPORTED
SPEECH
Prof. Rodolpho
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 Reported Speech

Past Perfect Past Present Future Conditional

He said: “I wash the dishes.”

He said that he washed the dishes.”

He said: “I washed the dishes.”

He said that he had washed the dishes.”

Prof. Rodolpho
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 Reported Speech

Past Perfect Past Present Future Conditional

He said: “I am washing the dishes.”

He said that he was washing the dishes.

He said: “I will wash the dishes.”

He said that he would wash the dishes.

Prof. Rodolpho
INGLÊS
 Reported Speech
Present
Perfect

Past Perfect Past Present Future Conditional

He said: “I have washed the dishes.”

He said that he had washed the dishes.

Prof. Rodolpho
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 Reported Speech
Imperative → Infinitive

Direct: The old woman said to the boy, ‘Please help me.’
Indirect: The old woman requested the boy to help her.

Direct: I said to him, ‘Love and obey your parents.’

Indirect: I advised him to love and obey his parents. OR
I advised that he should love and obey his parents.

Prof. Rodolpho
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 Reported Speech
Yes/No → IF

Direct: She said to me, ‘Are you coming with us?’

Indirect: She asked me if I was going with them. OR She asked
them if I was coming with them.

Direct: I said to him, ‘Were you present at the meeting yesterday?’

Indirect: I asked him whether he had been present at the meeting
the day before (or the previous day).

Prof. Rodolpho
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 Reported Speech
WH Questions

Direct: I said to him, ‘Who are you?’

Indirect: I asked him who he was.

Direct: I said to him, ‘What were you doing?”

Indirect: I asked him what he had been doing.

Prof. Rodolpho
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excused
EsPCEx 2018

Prof. Rodolpho
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 Passive Voice

S V O
John cleans his house.

O + to be + V + by...
His house is cleaned by John (him).

TO BE + Past Participle
Prof. Rodolpho
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He washes his car.
His car is washed by him.
He washed his car.
His car was washed by him.
He will wash his car.
His car will be washed by him.
He is washing his car.
His car is being washed by him.
Prof. Rodolpho
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Jack gave a rose to Mary. Jack gave Mary a rose.
OD OI OI OD

OD A rose was given to Mary.

OI Mary was given a rose.

Prof. Rodolpho
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EsPCEx 2016

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EsPCEx 2017

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EsPCEx 2021

Prof. Rodolpho
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 ADJECTIVE
Comparative Superlative
Equality Inferiority
AS...AS / SO...AS THE least...

Inferiority Superiority
Less...than THE most + LONGO
CURTO + EST
Superiority
More +LONGO+ than
CURTO + ER than
Prof. Rodolpho
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 IRREGULAR
ADJECTIVES

Adjective Comparative Superlative

Good Better The best
Bad Worse The worst
Far Farther The farthest
Further The furthest

Prof. Rodolpho
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 FUNCTIONING AS ADJECTIVES
Substantivo → Adjetivo
•a race horse is a horse that runs in races
•a horse race is a race for horses
•a boat race is a race for boats
•a love story is a story about love
•a war story is a story about war
•a tennis ball is a ball for playing tennis
•tennis shoes are shoes for playing tennis
•a computer exhibition is an exhibition of computers
Prof. Rodolpho
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 VERBS AS ADJECTIVES
Sometimes the present participle (verb plus ing) form of a verb
becomes an adjective:
A rolling stone gathers no moss.
The sleeping dog’s snoring was louder than a freight train.
Jack forgot to bring her new fishing pole.

Sometimes the past participle form of a verb becomes an

adjective:
I will accept a written apology.
The fallen leaves covered the new driveway.
My father prefers to drink filtered spring water.
Prof. Rodolpho
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 COMPOUND ADJECTIVES
A compound adjective is an adjective that contains two or more
words.

•I live in an English-speaking country.

•Our office is in a twenty-storey building.
•I have just finished reading a 300-page book.
•He is a well-known writer.
•We live in a densely-populated city.
•We should start using wind-powered generators to cut costs.
•That is an old-fashioned dress.

Prof. Rodolpho
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Prof. Rodolpho
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Prof. Rodolpho
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Conjunctions
and
Connectors

Prof. Rodolpho
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 Coordinating Conjunction
• For (reason) • The graduate student had to teach section and
• And (addition) take classes.
• Nor (negative)
• But • The graduate student had to teach section, take
(contrastive) classes, and conduct research.
• Or (alternative)
• Yet (contrastive) • The service animal was not a pony, but a
• So (conclusion) miniature horse.

• He was exhausted, yet very happy.

Prof. Rodolpho
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 Correlative Conjunction
• both…and, not only…but also (combining or addition)
• either…or, whether…or not (binary choice)
• neither…nor (negative)
• The paper’s results were both impressive and innovative.

• I will not only grow the cells for the assay, but also interpret the results.

• The daughter bought not only a designer purse, but also a custom wallet.

• Harry will either go to the market or the mall this afternoon.

• I neither want to clean my room nor desire to go caroling.

Prof. Rodolpho
INGLÊS
 Subordinating Conjunction

• as, because, since (cause)

• so, so that (purpose)
• although, though (contrastive)
• after, before, until, while (temporal)
• if, unless, provided, whichever, whenever (conditional)

Prof. Rodolpho
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• Before going to the game (subordinate), we often eat at
the pub (main).

• Although very cute (sub), pandas are not suitable pets

(main).

• Candice was feeling lonely (main), so she adopted

another cat (sub).

• Peanut butter is delicious (main), provided you don’t have

a nut allergy (sub).

Prof. Rodolpho
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Conjunction Corresponding Connector

and also, in addition, additionally, moreover, furthermore

but however, even so, though, nevertheless, nonetheless,

still, yet, in contrast, on the other hand, on the contrary

so therefore, thus, consequently, hence,

because for this reason, as a result, that is why

Prof. Rodolpho
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Conjunction Corresponding Connector

before beforehand, before this, first, then, next

or alternatively, otherwise

while meanwhile, at the same time/moment

Prof. Rodolpho
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EsPCEx 2011

EsPCEx 2012

Prof. Rodolpho
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EsPCEx 2013

EsPCEx 2014

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EsPCEx 2015

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EsPCEx 2016

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EsPCEx 2017

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EsPCEx 2018

Prof. Rodolpho
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EsPCEx 2022
Articles
a) an – a – an – a
b) a – an – an – a
c) an – an – a – a
d) an – an – an – a
a) the – a
b) a – the
c) the – an
d) the – the
Choose the best
alternative to fill in the
blanks subsequently.
a) a – some – the – some
b) the – the – the – the
c) the – some – some – a
d) some – a – some – the
Choose the best alternative to complete the blanks
in the text.
a) a – a – a – the
b) the – a – a – the
c) a – the – the – the
d) the – a – the – the
PREPOSITIONS
 Significa: no, na, em, dentro de
IN
Usos:

cidades
estados
países
regiões
bairros
meses
anos
estações
séculos
períodos do dia (morning, afternoon, evening)
 ON Significa: no, na, em, sobre
Usos:

dias de semana

mês e ano

só o dia

ruas (sem número), avenidas e praças

estradas, rios, lagos, costa, sobre superfícies e

fronteiras
 Casos especiais com ON

on page three
on the(a) plane
*
in bed
on the(a) ship
on television
in the (a) car
on the(a) train
on the radio
in the (a) truck
on the(a) boat
on the third
in the (a) taxi
floor
on the(a) bus
 Significa: no, na, em, junto a,
AT posição em um ponto

Usos:

lugares públicos
,93
atividades de grupo (jogos)
casas, lojas
endereço (rua e número)
só número da casa
horas
festividades
idade
Expressões com AT

At first (no princípio)

At last (finalmente)

At once (imediatamente)

At times (às vezes)

At home (em casa)

At least (pelo menos)

At night (à noite)

At noon (ao meio dia)

At midnight (à meia noite)

EsPCEx 2019

Prof. Rodolpho
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EsPCEx 2021

Prof. Rodolpho
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EsPCEx 2022

Prof. Rodolpho
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VOCABULARY

Prof. Rodolpho
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EsPCEx 2018

ADJECTIVE

Prof. Rodolpho
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EsPCEx 2019

NOUN

Prof. Rodolpho
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EsPCEx 2019

VERB

Prof. Rodolpho
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 EsPCEx 2020

VERB

Oxfam America is dedicated to creating lasting solutions to hunger, poverty, and social injustice through long-term
partnerships with poor communities around the world. As a privately funded organization, we can speak with conviction and
integrity as we challenge the structural barriers that foster conflict and human suffering and limit people from gaining the
skills, resources, and power to become self-sufficient.
Oxfam implements various global projects that target areas particularly affected by hunger. The projects focus on
developing self-sufficiency of the communities in which they are based, as opposed to merely providing relief in the form of
food aid. Oxfam’s projects operate on the communal level, and are developed by evaluating issues causing poverty and
hunger in the community and subsequently the possible infrastructure that could end hunger and foster the attainment of
self-sufficiency. Examples of projects in which Oxfam America has been or is involved range from a women’s literacy program
in India to providing microloans and agriculture education programs for small-scale organic farmers in California.

Prof. Rodolpho
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Paraphrase
(Rewriting)

Prof. Rodolpho
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 FOCUS 1: FOCUS 2:
MEANING GRAMMAR
- Ideia; - Verb;
- Sentido; - Conjunctions;
- Significado - Pronouns.

EsPCEx 2018

Prof. Rodolpho
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EsPCEx 2018

Prof. Rodolpho
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EsPCEx 2019

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EsPCEx 2020

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EsPCEx 2020

Prof. Rodolpho
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EsPCEx 2020

Prof. Rodolpho
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Prof. Rodolpho
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