Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
LOGI A
DAS ORGANIZAÇÕES,
DO TRABALHO E DOS
RECURSOS HUMANOS
C o o r d e n a ç ã o d e D u a r t e G o m e s
Co imbraCo mpanio ns
X
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CAPÍTULO X
1.1. F idelidade
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DA EXACTIDÃO DAS MEDIDAS À EFICÁCIA DO PROCESSO DE SELECÇÃO
485
CAPÍTULO X
1.2. Validade
486
DA EXACTIDÃO DAS MEDIDAS À EFICÁCIA DO PROCESSO DE SELECÇÃO
487
CAPÍTULO X
488
DA EXACTIDÃO DAS MEDIDAS À EFICÁCIA DO PROCESSO DE SELECÇÃO
quantificação económica dos ganhos que advêm da sua utilização. Implica a consideração
da validade preditiva do método, do custo inerente à sua aplicação e da variabilidade do
desempenho na função (expressa em unidades económicas) (Brodgen, 1950; Ribeiro, 2000).
489
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Falsos
100 Negativos
Desempenho profissional
Falsos
Positivos
0
0 100
Teste de Inteligência Geral
Em síntese:
490
DA EXACTIDÃO DAS MEDIDAS À EFICÁCIA DO PROCESSO DE SELECÇÃO
491
CAPÍTULO X
492
DA EXACTIDÃO DAS MEDIDAS À EFICÁCIA DO PROCESSO DE SELECÇÃO
Medida Performance
Performance Verdadeira
(critério)
Critério Critério
Irrelevante Insuficiente
493
CAPÍTULO X
494
DA EXACTIDÃO DAS MEDIDAS À EFICÁCIA DO PROCESSO DE SELECÇÃO
factorial que esta distinção se torna menos saliente no caso das funções de gestão.
5 Este construto de desempenho contextual apresenta grande similaridade com os
495
CAPÍTULO X
Em síntese:
496
DA EXACTIDÃO DAS MEDIDAS À EFICÁCIA DO PROCESSO DE SELECÇÃO
497
CAPÍTULO X
498
DA EXACTIDÃO DAS MEDIDAS À EFICÁCIA DO PROCESSO DE SELECÇÃO
499
CAPÍTULO X
500
DA EXACTIDÃO DAS MEDIDAS À EFICÁCIA DO PROCESSO DE SELECÇÃO
um desvio padrão abaixo da média dos indivíduos americanos de raça branca nos testes de
aptidão cognitiva.
9 No caso dos Hispânicos e Americanos os resultados variavam de .45 para .58,
respectivamente (Schmidt, Clause, & Pulakos, 1996). Em relação às diferenças entre homens
e mulheres a performance das mulheres deteve um carácter inferior à dos homens, no
entanto, o tamanho do efeito encontrado é reduzido (.09).
501
CAPÍTULO X
502
DA EXACTIDÃO DAS MEDIDAS À EFICÁCIA DO PROCESSO DE SELECÇÃO
503
CAPÍTULO X
504
DA EXACTIDÃO DAS MEDIDAS À EFICÁCIA DO PROCESSO DE SELECÇÃO
505
CAPÍTULO X
506
DA EXACTIDÃO DAS MEDIDAS À EFICÁCIA DO PROCESSO DE SELECÇÃO
507
CAPÍTULO X
Os testes práticos de função (work sample tests) têm sido utilizados en‑
quanto ferramentas de selecção desde início do século XX (Roth, Bobko, &
MacFarland, 2005; Salgado et al., 2001). Em Portugal, estes testes práticos
de função possuem uma utilização extremamente reduzida (Correia, 2002).
Não obstante tal facto, a evidência empírica coloca estes métodos de
selecção, cuja importância é reconhecida por teóricos e práticos, entre os
preditores mais robustos do desempenho laboral (Hunter & Hunter, 1984;
Reilly & Warech, 1993).
Segundo Ployhart, Schneider e Schmidt (2006) uma work sample consiste
num teste no âmbito do qual um candidato executa uma série de tarefas
que são física e ou psicologicamente similares com as tarefas nucleares da
função à qual concerne o teste. Os procedimentos implicados na aplicação
deste tipo de testes encontram‑se estandardizados e os sistemas de cotação
são efectuados por peritos na função em causa (chefias ou colaboradores
experientes).
Estes testes baseiam‑se na premissa de que o comportamento exibido
se constitui no melhor preditor do comportamento futuro (Cook, 2004).
Guion (1998) enfatiza a este respeito que uma das características idios‑
sincráticas de uma work sample relaciona‑se com seu elevado grau de
fidelidade ou, por outros termos, de baixa abstracção que se verifica entre
a mesma e a função à qual diz respeito.
As work samples provocam menos diferenças de pontuação entre grupos
étnicos distintos (Cascio, 2003; Schmidt & Mills, 2001), menor impacto ad‑
verso (Callinan & Robertson, 2000) e reacções mais positivas por parte dos
candidatos (Hatrupp & Schmidt, 1990; Hausknecht, Day, & Thomas, 2004)
do que outros preditores válidos do desempenho profissional, como a ap‑
tidão cognitiva geral. No entanto, a investigação que se dedica a averiguar
o que é efectivamente medido numa work sample é parca e relativamente
embrionária (Cook, 2004; Salgado et al., 2001).
O entendimento actual relativo à validade das work samples deve‑se, em
grande parte, ao trabalho de Hunter e Hunter (1984). Estes autores reanali‑
saram os dados de um proeminente trabalho de revisão efectuado por Asher
508
DA EXACTIDÃO DAS MEDIDAS À EFICÁCIA DO PROCESSO DE SELECÇÃO
509
CAPÍTULO X
510
DA EXACTIDÃO DAS MEDIDAS À EFICÁCIA DO PROCESSO DE SELECÇÃO
511
CAPÍTULO X
dos seus conteúdos de avaliação, devemos alertar para o facto de grande parte das entrevistas
de selecção englobarem um multiplicidade de aspectos e questões pertencentes aos diversos
512
DA EXACTIDÃO DAS MEDIDAS À EFICÁCIA DO PROCESSO DE SELECÇÃO
tipos que impossibilitam que as mesmas sejam incluídas numa determinada categoria
(comportamental, situacional ou psicológica).
513
CAPÍTULO X
514
DA EXACTIDÃO DAS MEDIDAS À EFICÁCIA DO PROCESSO DE SELECÇÃO
515
CAPÍTULO X
Em síntese:
516
DA EXACTIDÃO DAS MEDIDAS À EFICÁCIA DO PROCESSO DE SELECÇÃO
517
CAPÍTULO X
C onclusão
518
DA EXACTIDÃO DAS MEDIDAS À EFICÁCIA DO PROCESSO DE SELECÇÃO
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