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Submitted:
28-01-2020
Corrected Version:
13-02-2020
Accepted:
18-02-2020
REVIEW ARTICLE
ABSTRACT (The stabilization and the preservation of medicinal products and cosmetics: quality and safety
aspects): The degradation of medicinal products and cosmetics is mainly attributed to oxidation reactions and microbial
spoilage. The objective of this work was to discuss the principles of the chemical and microbiological stabilization of
formulations, focusing on technological and safety aspects. This is a narrative review of national and international
literature, adopting a broad, theoretical and contextual approach. Antioxidant systems are useful in the chemical
stabilization of formulations and they include the chelating agents, which deactivate metallic impurities involved in
oxidation reactions. The ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is one of the most used chelating agents in
formulations. It has already been associated with hypersensitivity in susceptible individuals. In addition, the poor
biodegradability is a negative factor that is decreasing EDTA popularity in the cosmetic field. Preservatives are added
in formulations to avoid microbial contamination and infections. In general, the preservatives are potentially allergenic
substances. There are ongoing discussions regarding the safety of parabens, since these preservatives are very common
in several categories of products. Novel strategies for preserving cosmetics and personal care products consider the use
of multifunctional adjuvants. The search for new antioxidants and preservatives is relevant, as they contribute to
improving the quality of products. Still, the environmentally acceptable excipients that do not cause adverse reactions
are a very current issue. Key words: Excipients. EDTA. Preservatives. Parabens. Toxicity.
Figura 1 – Ácido etilenodiamino tetra-acético (EDTA) em sua forma complexada com íon metálico
As fontes de contaminação
estocagem e uso [19,21]. Porém, é importante microbiológica na área produtiva incluem o ar,
que o seu emprego não seja considerado como a água e as matérias-primas, principalmente
um mero substituto das boas práticas de aquelas de origem natural. Além disso, os
fabricação, mas sim uma ferramenta para micro-organismos podem ser introduzidos
auxiliar a garantia da qualidade do produto pelos próprios manipuladores durante o
final [41,42]. processo de fabricação. Desse modo, a adoção
Os agentes conservantes são das boas práticas de fabricação torna-se
substâncias antimicrobianas utilizadas para imperativa para prevenir a contaminação
prevenir a deterioração e prolongar a vida de microbiana, incluindo a implantação de
prateleira de produtos, bem como para proteger operações unitárias e de procedimentos de
o usuário de infecções. Os conservantes limpeza validados, o monitoramento ambiental
possibilitam manter a pureza microbiológica e o treinamento contínuo da equipe [41].
da formulação durante as etapas de fabricação, A água é uma das fontes mais
estocagem e uso [19,21]. Porém, é importante importantes de contaminação microbiana de
que o seu emprego não seja considerado como formulações. A qualidade microbiológica da
um mero substituto das boas práticas de água depende de sua origem, sendo que
fabricação, mas sim uma ferramenta para tratamentos de desmineralização e deionização
auxiliar a garantia da qualidade do produto frequentemente a melhora. Para garantir a
final [41,42]. qualidade ótima, procedimentos
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