C) *)

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ftigitized.by

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 1

THOMAE FINKII ;Y{

. Flcn fpurgcniis
|
,
GEOH
T ND
ETRIi
VX I Libri 1 1 1
RO.
.
•'4 m *

»
c/Id • * _

F RlD ERTCV M Secundum, Serenifsimum

Damae &Norvegiaeregem,&c. *
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POTENTI SS IMO
PRINCIPI AC DOMI NO:
Friderico ii:
SerenifsimoDania^Norvegiac, Schlavorum Go* •jta

thorumcp rcgialluftrifsimo blefvic^HolfaticC, Stor 3

mariac ac Dithmarfiac duci: Comiti in Ol*
denburgo &DeImenhorft,&c
Domino fuo demeti*
tifsimo.

E R VM quidem ett, F RIDERI-

C E Rex-, Princeps illusfrifimc,tri-
tum quodfertur fermone prover-
bium: Vino V endibili fujpenfa hede
ra opus non ejfe. Ea enim rerum bo-
,

narum est natura: ut tametfid nui

•
t
lo laudentur: eos tamen, qui melio- An
re mente praditi funt, ad(e aman-
dum excitent. Sednon minus quoq
f
Hefiodi Vetusiif'imi poeta, querela
,

vera eJl: ignorare homines quantum utilitatis atque commodi

iJMalva (jr i^dlbucum Vita humana conferant, ita enimpieria.
funt affetli: ut res etiam fumme necejfarias &
fruttuofas,quta
vel vulgares funt vel ad pompam &ff>lendorem minus accom-
modatajiegligantprorfus atfy contemnant.
Videre id cum alus in rebus,tum literis humanioribus licet:
maxime vero usin artibus : qua ob ceftamfiam, quampanunt
fcientiam hat’ ifo^Lu mathematicafola vocantur.
Ha enim cum dignitatis m vitaparum habere videantur,for
* dent

• Jl
 -
,

EPISTOLA
dent plerify &faThdiuntur.m amore contra & delitus haben-
tur: qua ad quaHumfunt (fmagnifcenti.mi comparata. Quo-
tus enim quijfq. eff.qui non uttltjumis hifce difciphnu vel negle
fiisprorJiu,vel obiterfaltem <y quafiper tranjcnndmfalutatis
ad eaprovolatjludia:qua tn vulgusprobantur:qua ampla
tllico

propofita habere pramia putantur: qua ad opes cr dignitates

viam videntur adttumqfpatefacere.
x^dt vero ft rerum ultimat ores paulo ejfe aquiores volucri-
mus:& dignitatem artes habere Mathematicasfummam depre-
hendemus:cr tantam in vita communi utilitatem.ut eas ejoctc-
tatc humana qui tollunt, Sole ipfum e mundo tollere videantur.
Ecquis enim tam esi ab omni historiarum cognitione instru-
flus male: ut Mathematumfuifje cultores Patriarchas fanfftfi-
mos,Rerumpub.gubernatoresprudentifiimos, natura indagato-
resfolertifimos, non animadvertat ? brahamum Iofephus te-
fiatur non tantum artibus Mathematicis excelluijfe fed cafdem
quofy Aegyptios docutjfe . Idem defacerdotibus Aegyptiacis alii
referunt biRorict.
De Regibus vero &
Monarchis , qui hac fudia vel amarunt
vel excoluerunt, quid dicam ? Alexandrum illum Magnum Ale-
xandriani Aegypti Mathematicisfundajfe quis ignorati jj]uis Iu
hi Cajarum his artibus ardorem nefit : qui
media inter prarlia femper
Stellarum cccliqj plagis fiiperisq? vacafle

fe,gloriari apud L u canum non veretur ? <iuid de Carolo Ma-

gno creo,qmidem tecum, Rexferenifime,nomen obtinuit, Fride
rtco Secundo imperatore referam ? quorum alter tantum in Ma-
thematicis difcip linis profecit:ut fui temporis artificibus annu-
merari queat : alter tantum eas amavtt : ut ex Ar. tbttm monu-
mentis in Latinum fermonem transfundi doctrinam Ma thema
ucamfumptibus non parvis curant. Longum cjfet omnes rc~* & <

ges&
 NVNCVPATORIA.
gts drprincipes, qui hifce operamftudiis dederit, recenfere. ita^
breviter (Ititem ouofdum attingere volui : ut reliquoru ttbt me-
moriam, Rexferentfiime,in mentem revocarem.in primis tamen
memorabile illud de Carolo Quinto esi : quod etiam in thermis
[edens, a (ludus Mathematicis non qu leveritfed horologiis arti-
ficiose deferibendis ociumfefellerit. Quin dr mobfidione Vite-
bergenfijcum in cailra ad illumprincipes venijfent,brachusfufi
fultiu tabulas tnjpexiffe Geographicas dicitur, ufij. adeo turpefi-
bi non duxit Imperator prudentifimus : etiam medios inter ar-
morumfirepitus ad(ludia Mathematica incumbere.
jam vero ad Scholarum cr Philofophorum umbracula defeen
dere fi placet: quis Thaletem, quis Pythagoram,Platonem,quis
hujus difcipulum AriHotelcm,quis alios in omni fctentiarum ge
nere Clartfitmos Viros , naturaj. (peculatores acerrimos, pluri-
mum in his temporis (ludiij.pofutjfe negabit ? Contra vero quis
ejje audebit tam infigntter impudens.ut tanta doctrina , virtu-

t e,prudentia pradit os viros aut rem minus praitantem amaffe

dr excolui(fe:aut in inutilem eandemfo non necejfariam,tantum
fiudtum tantamj{ operam contulijfe affirmare non dubitet ?
,

Certe de utilitate dr necefitate harum artiumfi dicendum

ejfet. reipfa videremus: non Argum illum, qui a Poetisfingitur,

vel decem oculorum millibus, tam acute tamfy late unquam vi-
derepotui(fe:quant longelatej. duobus/altem. Arithmetica dico
dr Geometnadummibus profpici queat.
ut enim taceam : quantum amba ha artes dr ad Opticam dr
Aiironomum,cateramj.Ph)ficam,Medtcinam,Poltticam,Theo
logiam coqnofcendam docenddmve ad)umenti adferant : qua-
m
rum quafb agendo,five domiftveforis ,feu publice(eu pnva-
tim, magis eil cr utilis dr nece/aria cognitio ?
De Arithmeticafortafiisalienu e FI hoc tn loco dicere : dr alius
aliquando dabitur de hac dicendi locus.
i
 ? -

Epistola
’
\JtJL Geometriam vero oculos converterefi velimus, quantus
Utilitatisfcfe quafo campus offert? quantus in Geodxfia? quan-
tis tn Mechanicis tin cuneo,vette libra cochlea i quantus info-
, ,

dinu ? quantus m re militari ? quantus in nautica ? quantus im

omnium artium confervatnce Typograpkia i Et quis esi: qui
apertam in omnibus Geometria neccpitattem non videat ? Quod
flamus:quodfedemus:quodfurgimus.quod ambulamus: Geome
tria ufuselt manifefttfiimus. Hinc domicilia extruuntur : hinc
adifeantur urbes: hinc vellimenta nobisfuppeditantur : hinc o-
mnuttam belli quampacis mftrumentaparantur.
Tanti autem & tam multi utilttatu rivuli, cum ex omnibus
univerfa Geometria fonlibus,tn agros nojlrosfcat unant feteun-
di fimus tamen ejjc videtur ille: qui ex Rotundifife latebris ef-
fundit. Hinc enim exatttfi'imo triangulorum calculo &
machi-
narum inBituitur fecundum axes fuos difpofitio : &
vix un-
quam elufit deducuntur colhmationis via : imo tota linchoFli-
in arces
lis illa & oppida irruptio optime perficitur Turpi cla-
.

de ipfe fibi ad Mchteorum urbem Philippus nocuit: quodfa-

las nimis breves muris admoveri curavit, idem ad Mediola-
num Gallis obfuiffc dicitur. Et vostri temporis plura recenfe-
ri exempla pofjent : odiofa ni effient id igitur hac dottnna probi
.

percepta vitari potent. Hinc enim cum omnisgeneris magnitu-

m
dines ita metiamur exacte: ut etiam (plendtdifiimis regum au
lis notatu dignum nihilfit quod hac dimetiri geodxfia nequea-
-

&
mus quidfacilius quamfojfarum latitudines profunditates
:

capere :& anguli harum refli bafin investigare

Tgeque vero tn bello faltem vim fuam Geometria Rotundi
exerit :fedtn pace quoque : idque multo magis .pacis enim tem -
pore Cseleitis civitatis vias exaEhfitmc deferibit :ffdera certis

fuis domiciliis diliinguit.terram climatis,aliisq.ad caltformam

1

partibus , distribuit . Hinc ea prodierunt tabula: tn quas —

 -

NVNCVPATORIA.
phonfus Rex quadringenta aureorum millia liberalitatefant
,

regia infumpjififie dicitur. Hinc illis veterafcentibus nova fubtli-

tutafuerunt. Et hinc aliquando tandem fi ita Deo vifumfite-
laudatifima fetentiarum oAstrono
rit, nitorifuo,omnium illa

mia,reflitu enda entmon tamfortafis tabularum inde confectis

centuriis.-quamfiolidis calculi AHronomtci axiomatis deduciis:
explofa tnfuper fithtiorum illorum circulorum (fi orbium my-
nadeiqua m ipfam ejl naturam naiurxj. opificem in)una:(fijine

artificio optico luci artficiofit contraria : fine CteleHt numine

corporibus illis nobilibus repugnans.
Tantampotentifiime Rex, cum viderem exhacunica Geome-
tria part eyin omnes art es, utilitatem redundare:
(fi vero non ita
adhuc a quoquam traditam/cirem ut a fitidiofis hu)us doctrina
percipicommode pojfct: rei literarix hac in parte pro ingenioli
mei tenuitate fuccttrrendum ejfe duxi. Qua igitur hac de re
apud R egiomontanum notare apud Copernicum perdifeere, b
,

Pt olemao atque Rheinholdo haurire , 'e Petro 2(onio altisq. viris

eximiis tamfupenoris quam nolirifeculiperctpere,(fipro quan-
tulaeunifc mea diligentiaperferutari pottti : ea u diose compor-
fi
tata, (fipro tenui noilro ]udicio in prafins hoc volumen digesta
t
ftudiojis harum rerum communicare volui.
2yequo vero hoc tanquam arrogantius i me ditium acci-
pi volo. 2\ovi ego meo me pede metir i: novi etiam quam cur-
ta mihi fit (fiaccifa dotlrina fuptHcx. Veruntamen
eo me con-
flor: quod qui non mvidiofo fiunt ingenio prxditt quique pu-
:
blicarum funt utilitatum (ludiofvii,
fiquid habent , quod com-
moditat em habere videtur,qualecun
% illud fit, in medium pro-
firrejblttoti ut, quoaafieripofitt,fib ctetati humana va-
predefife
lui(fie (fi etiam profuijfie videantur. E)ufmodi voluntatem (fi
ego in refortafis levi
(fi ab)ctla,utili tamen (fipernecelfaria
" de-
fUrarefiatui.
, .

Smk '

•a
 : -

Sub tua autem, illuHrtfitmc Princeps Majeflatis nomine , tj-

,

rocinia mea in lucemprodire volui non ut ignavia atq! inertis,

:

fubfduim &
patrocinium quarerem :Jed ut quem Deus Opt.
Maxpatria mea longe dulcif 'imapraejfe, vel hareditano \ure,il-
erga eum ego gratitudinis ali

Quin & aqtium ejje arbitratus fum ut grata Mathemata

:

fuos maxime Mecoenates & Patronos celebrarent in quorum .

numero regiam T. M. confli ere:vel infignis illa erga nobiltf-

&
ftmum tn Ma thematis excellentifimum virum Dn. Tycho-
nem Brahe magnificentia docerefatispoterit oAcademia vero
Hafimenfis nunquam tacebit. Zgimirum id ver} regium efi,ut
regni fic virtutumpaternarum haredem efie. Eodem enim ani-
mo M. T. parentent laudat ifiima
, &
fierenifitma memoria
Principem, tn Mathematis provehendis fuijfe : &
res teHatur

tpfivcr univerfa agnofeit hominum literat orum corona utertjj .

igitur munerejito atq{ officio regiofunfius eliprobi. Duo enim

tn rege bono divinus ille Plato requirit.potentiam regiam ani &
mum philofiopbicum. 2{ullum enim regnum abfifrpotentia diu-
Hac vero con] an Ha
t ur n /irn.n ullum abfique Uterispraclarum.

eumfiunt in rege :ium demum bene beateq. eos, quifubfiunt, vi-

vere necejfe eli. Hac igitur duo, cum & tu, Princepsferenifitme,

harediturio quafi jure, aparente tuo acceperis:fempiternam tibi

laudem & felicitatem comparabis.
Itaq. hoc animo tuo phtlofophico,& hoc amore erga bonas li-
teras earumq. cultoresfiretus,Rex clementiftnre: primitias hafce
meas M . T. ea qua par esi animifubmifitone dono dtcoq : &
ut boni confulat etiam atq. etiam rogo. Scio equidem munufcu-
Ittm hoc tanto rege indignum e(fe. Sed tamenJpero qua do firma,
Japientia,clcmcntia& humanitate pradtta efi M. T. liben-
 ,

NVNCVPATORIA.
telamrecepturam. itaque memeaj.fludia CM. T. comme»,
do , omnia mea officia , operas &
labores offero
Etenimfi hanc primam fludiorum meorum quafi
&
mancipo.
figet cm non
fprevijje UW. T. cognoverofiugcm illi ahquando non opti-
fi
mammali quanto tamen quam hanc meliorem
(jp maturiorem
Deo me bene )uvanteyoffcrre conabor.
Sed ne diutius sJM. T. regiam detineam: eam, cum tota il~
luHrifiima Danicaatque Hofjatica domo, Deo ter Maximo com-
mendo : qui eam, in utilitatem Reip.cum Chnltiana tum politi-
ca,fah/am & &
incolumem ,fortunatam profperam, annos de-
tncepsplurimos,confervet, tueatur, definiit, t^fmen.
Baftlea
Rauracorum anni Jalutif humana *c o. txxxin,
'^MenCc
Septembr.

Ma/eft. T.
addi<fhfs.

.A* A' r*‘ •

*
• •

> ThomasFinck
Flcnfpurgenfis.

*?$• TH. FIN-

 TU FINKIVS FLENS. L&
dori philomathi ac Mathematico
S. P. D.

,
VM pihnum ego ad Mathematica* difeipTina* animum appuli;

|
Lettor benevole: id mihi negotii cicdidi foluin dari; bona via ac

|
methodo in iifdam ut progrcderer.Scd in Geometria dnm verfor:
copiam quidem in Cuclidea propnfiiionu permagnam
,
videotmethodum veto in ubertate tantanullam, aut vis ullam via
dete potui Quam id me perturbarit quam etiam :
cordi meo doluexit: & ego Teio :

& alii.familiatlier iliceum qui vixerunt, non ignorant. Alia itaq; ad perfetutandara
divinam Itanc fcientiam, via infillendum mihi putabam: cum hac fucccfllflet paa
rum. itaque ad P.Rami me volumen Geometricum converri, inveni illieb quod ia
Euclide dcltdctitam diu Nam Ic methodi fele clanOiina offerebant vertigta : Jc ara
quoq> ipfa copiofius aliquanto 9c luculentius inftrufta videbatur. Miram , quam
meteahxc deleftitit:4t ad penitus cognofccndam hanc artem inhammirit. Qua-
le unica lcltione no contentu*:aliquotic* illud Icgiatq; rcleguanimimiru toiiuc
pcrdilccnd* eupidiflimus Aperuit mihi vir hic mentis oculos quod Logicca
. :

afum in Mathcmatit egregie mouffratc cfl vifus Sed & ita judicium mihl,quod
:

•bfqitamen oftentaiione dtclum veliui,acuit:ut tertia demum & quarta repetitioa

ne viderem ipfum quo q, Ramum, cum citeris pene fatisfccerit omnibus, libi ipfi
:

«men nondum fausfeciflcrfedlocos tantum ampliflimz hujus Icicutii compora

tafle atq; digcfliffc quo certi* eam limitibus tnclufam haberet itaque . illius ego
:

refligia (equens :
quos ille vatios authores allegat : eos omnes, quotquot habete,

potui, cognofcsie diligenter carpi: es iisque elementorum Geometricorum co-

piam conquirere judicioque logico quaJicunque digerere fludiofc fum conatui.
:

Sed bic jam Epipedomctricafefe offerebant jam occurrebant ftcreomctrica qua

: :

eutfum labotis noflri non medio etitet retardabant. Quamobrem unam mihi delia
gete pattcm.viluni c<l oper* pjeciuimquam Geometriam ego Rotundi voco
ulna :

corte inomni Mathematicarum ac Phyllearum diiciplinarum genere amplifli mi. ini.

qua cum mihi, hoc quidem tcmpote.fitisfeciflretn quod amici* tefte
judicantia
:

tccura, benevo-
bus fatisfeeeram diutius eam ppudme latere nolui : ledxandide
:

le LcAor, communicare.
Ad autem Scftrutturam ipfius operis quod attinet: id cum primi*
epetam date coniti fumus: nc quid hoc eft SfXfip eflet : nevet^

aliquid aut *oniMJttMUAOB}fWV»*iV«urnon<Ud»«d*/r,itfciiiu

Galeno loquac.
inelce
 in elementi* iplis afTumeretur.icaq; nec Eaclidearutn propofitioftum ordinem fer
vare lcmpcr potuimutincc Ramearum ubiqi connexionem relinere.
Data poreftas hxc Hippocrati, datai,coni,Thcudio,Herinoii(no, Euclidi, The*-
ni.data aliis r«ft*r*7*t fair.ut ordinem propolitiomim in anrcccflbribus fuis fine
offenlione mucarenftcademqs alio quam ipfi modo traderet, idem libi jui majore*
«oftri concedi voluerunc.Quptu» enim quifq; Arithmeticorum etia eorum, qui ea
thoritate in Scholiipnblica docentur, propoCtionet Euclideas ordine Euclide*
difpofuitlVogclinus certc.Cxfareus olim Mathematicus, in Geometricis idc atren
tavitmec unius tantum libri, fed varia variorum libroru elementa tunfpoluit Idem
libi licete arbitratu**!! Maurolycus.no n in Euclide tantum: verum etiam in iis.qui
pofteriore* Euclide fuerunt:Mcnclao fcilicet & Theodofio.Neq; ante ho* peccare
fefe Rcgiamontanu* putavii:fi fu* atque libeto judicio veterum tei\ia fuutn iuli*
brum digercret;& quidc alio modo quii veteribus collefla invenerat digererer.
Non ego tanti* me artificibus comparo eandem iameu,quam illi.poteftarem i
:

Lepore candido conlecuturu me fp ero, Etenim in ea fum fcntentia:ur,fi quidbeni

.fit ab iis qui arte pr«ftant:id ab aliis quoqi qui doArinanonira fortaflis excellunt,
aon arroganter annotariiEc ad imitationem transferri poiTc exirtiiucm.
Nec quicquam hac titione aut Euclidi, aut Rcgioinontano,aut Vogclino.aut Ra
mo dctratiuin arbitror. Damus alij* hanc veniam tpetimusqi vicilfini:veniamra«
men aurez methodi doftrinz confeoam.
Conftruftionis etiam hxc cura foitiutipfatraflirlo certis live capitibus live li-
bris dillingucrcrur. Libros tamen potitis quam capita retinere pjacttir.ucnjmqi nos
Inimus :ob citationem propofitionuut antecedentium in demonftrationibus fe»
queniiu:quz enumeratione elementi, capiti», libri nimis futura prolixa videbatur.
Cfterum in dcnionilratianibusieflcnfnc citanda elementaEudidea an Ramea,
nonnihil h aditavi. Euclidis adducenda putabam: quod Scholarum ea fere omnium
4 arboritate efflent munita. At Rami tandem citanda potius effle (latui: primum qui
dem quod bzc (laiim Euclidea moaftrarenrtdcin quod pr* Euclide quxdl haberet
Ramus:quorum ufus mihi in demondrationibus fuit neccfflarius tu quod Ramex :

meam qualenicnnq; operam ita fum accomodare conatus: ut cir»

-Geoinctrix hanc
cum eadem conjungi poflic. Quapropter plera q;
culari ea ac Sphzricac fub jungi, aut
apliu* elementa retinui:fed alio ru ca G tometrarti & novit quibufdam theorematis
adauxi itaq-, nbi elementis quz ciramuradditum videtis R.Rami Geometria ini eU
liges:ubi vero abfq; R citata propofitio fbctit.ei przfcntis effe ttaflatui
cocludcsu
Ex Menelao quoque elementa nonnulla adduco fuppeditavit etiam quzdara :

Thcodofiiis.Sed ego omnia iffla Ptolemxo Se Regiomontano noftro alcripG pro»

:

/terea quod Menelaus , tamctffl Meflanz fit excufus non facili tamen reperiaiur.
,

2 Theodoi]**
 ,/

r « *

P R AE P A T I O
Thcodofius vtro t Vogelino alitcr.alitcrkMauroIyco.alitct demusahPcaa, ftmim*
d«4’, rari^ fle editui Ateji hzc conftruflionis ratio filii.

fo tro ad figurarum picluias St lineamenta quod auintl.no minor fomffis i me

cara fufeepta fuit Sed earum elegantia penes me cfle aon potuit. Ncqi vero Typo*
grapht nobis opera fotfan defui flet: Ii fcujptorcm rancifci idoneum S fu* farit as«
(is peritum potuificmui. Qua quidem re nun offeofum iri bcncTolum LeAorcm ar
bitrottfi illud cogiiavetitiut non aurum cflfcmper quod aurum fplcndettfic nec for
didiiin lemper elfc pallio fotdido quod regitur. Et utinut forfanafiuinaleonem
.
pellis deformat quam alinuin leonina exornat.
in exterit vero, an id.quod maxime nobis ptopolitum fuit.affecuti finius.penee

alios indicium cfto.Vos enim ego Lectores Logicos St Mathematicos, Mathemati-

cos, inquam, Jc Logicos Lettores rogo : ut candidi atq, fyncere de hae noflra qua»

licunque opella |udicetis Si a/Tecutui fum , quod volui, gaudeotlin minus, ignofei
mihi cupio fenrcnriain emendare paratustfive me ipfc melius d.ocuerotfive tuoni»
tua quam aliis meliuaquid &. elegantius didicero.
Datum id fumrait fuit ac clariffimis in otnni fcientiarum genere philofophii: ut

abfq; ulla nominis fui labe libros rccognofccreot atq; corrigerent. Non igitur hac
tyroni occlufa cfle via dcbettfc fottalfis, quam illis, minat.
*' te itaq; Clartft.David Vvolkenfteini :
quia princeps mihi te ad fufeipi endam

4c ad ingrediendam rationem horum Audio cum cxflitiQl s pro ea quz inter nos eft

amicitiz coniunAianee©ntendo:uth*c.mcatyroeiniStu*.fubnuttcreeenfur* ve-

quo pollet folertia, judicii <j; acumine examinare, pon
iittdiligentctq; pro ingenii

derare.meq; ubi opua fitem «ctibi videbitur, pto candore tuo monere ne graveris..
Nec dc tua hacinreproiuptitndine quicquam dubito. Cum enim Matbcmaticit
me multis,in primis vero tibi tem me farturum cfle longe gratiflimam fexibas :
plet

ah confido furorum: nt id te ipfa fis declaraturus.

Quin N in eadem- Argentoratenfii» Academia, nec te Conrade Dafypo di tranfire

poflum. vellem tibi amice ab Afltelogicis exterisq; domeflicis tantum daretur
• cii.-ut hxc noflra perlegere atq; perpendere poffes.
Sed U te Chriftiane Vrftifi & te Michtcl Mxftline non rogatos relinquere non
poflum.peto igitunut quz mihi humanitatis & benevolcntiz officia przftitiflia:c«e
dem e Mufzo noftro fani avolanti metricz ne denegetis Nota mihi vcflra in Audii»

hifce eruditio cft.notain judicando fides.facite quxfo : ne ignota mihi vcfltm fit in

admonendo diligentia.

Nec te Laxare Schonere: qui vel ipfo Schonerorum nomine Mathematicas es,

difficilem mihi hoc in officio futurum arbitror.

Et quia feroci hunc ego campum fum iugrefliis : ex eodem aliis egregiis arti»

ficibus non compellatis exire vix poflura.qui fi de faaic uuhi adhuc noti non funt:

. ex fuit

*
}

D LECTOREM. ‘

ex fisis tamen, qux in hoc Radiorum genere ediderant, (criptis innotuerant.

Te itaq; nobiliflime Dn.Tycho Brahe rogo.ur, fi hcc mea etiam mare Balthicnm
ad te transvolarint:hofpitium illis ne denegesifed benigno vulru cxcipias:itaq, tra

rtes:«t fc quod boni ferar no rcgas:& quod reptehenlione in illis dignu inveneris
non diffitruJes. Facies id oh cSmuniauoflrafludiaifacics ob eo munem regctPrinci
pem atq; Dominum noftrum clcinentilTimum. Nuper in patria eu verfarer, mare Bal
th eu falutandi tui caufa trajicere cdftituerS.Scd ita illud
i tfi fxviit: vt ei me propter
'
inflante hyemc comittere non (iin aufas.Quz igitur tu psxfcnti mihi beneficia pro»
cui dubio exhibui (Tcs ea abfenti in Chartis hifce meis
: ut prxftcs etii atq; ctia oro.

Pluribus hoc idem h te Dn.Thoma Diggefee peterem: fi de tuo ardore in his Itus
diis Sc iodufiria dubitarem. E’ fcalis atq; ilis Mathematicis notum mihi piiwum fas
ftum efl nomen tuuin.Fac quxfo-.ut ficuri fcalas
compendiofas admo villi fie caelo : (

breviffinios Quod utinam Copernici problea

ad lydera in calculo accefiiis eligas.

mata prxflarent. Ego enim quo pallo przilcnt videre nondum poflem. Tu itaq, mi
Thoma judicabis:Sc calculum Cebri.Regiomonrani.itemq; Copernici, cum eo.qni
hifce tn libris ex Ptolcmxo atq; Rheinholdo de Jucitur, conferes.
Quod ab btfceiquos recenfui,obrincre fum eonatus:idem mihi, uti fpero, exteri
quoq; artifices, ubicunq; locorum eflis.tribueris.Nourinatim omnes appellarb nes
queo.A te tamen Dn.Thaddfe Hageci, nec non ioan.Prxtori.idem figillatim peto.
Vos enim ego obfublimem illam in Mereorologicis eruditionem miratus fum ac
amavi femper.fcd fic deinceps colam & amabo perpetub.Cxteros ego artifices no*
minari m omnes perfequi fi vellem:Sc charta me Sc oratio deficcrct.Tot enim excis
tavit Deus Opt. Max. lingulari fua bonitate hoc noftrofecnlo inGgnes tt exercitas

tos in hoc (ludiorum genere virosrvt percenferi numerando vix poflinr.Quare cum
difficile Ct non aliquc.nefss quenqua prxterire Vos ego fingulos Sc univerfos una
:

voce appello: veftrx cenfurz atq; judicio fubmifTe mea fubjicio:examinIda<£; pera
mitto.Quod G morem gefTeriristlibentcrq; mihi hac in re gratificari fhetitit no ego
fli»4 iLbt mortuo pe,fcfla^itc^ afpera Jignu
'
' focula —
N« tnpodu geminos, auri duo magna talenta :

Cratera antiquum*—
Sed, fi eo contenti cfle vultis, me ipfum vobis largiar : ad fimiJr officiorum ges
nusparatiflimum fcmperhabebitistveflri ftudtofum eaperiemini fempet: beneficii
prxftiti immeraorem nunquam deprehendetis.

Atq; hic prxfationis hujus finis ello: quam ipfe librarum contextus infeqnetur:
prius tamen prxmiflis elementis
duobus qux tamen ad finem refiituta funt. Ea ad
:

quintum Rami libium referenda puto : St fic deinceps citabo, valete Lellores
optimi:Je ftudiis nofkisjuvcuiiib. benigni favete BafilezRaurac. M. D. LXXXIU.

?$>?$ i GEOME

jr
 - t
f?
id
I

GEOMETRIAE ROTVNDT TTPVS Lih

f Secantibus — —
'
Retiis < ffaUi — -

'l4nm« I cumretiu .

r/o&

'fimplext |_nw rrnii —

m
f centro-
Setiorml m
Circuitu:

« SVgntrmo
quod tfU
(_pfripf*ri4
f Fabrica quadam
>•
in
St Hio f Adjuntia<
cuius cujus ^ comparatio in angulis-
Anguli
Semicircu- i <
Otonut.eft I lus in quo (_ Latera :}•
Species t <
' .
fune _ f primus
Smus<
fecundus
l
t
(_

f Tangent
connexa
<J

inaquatis fttmcbrctdo.

Conjuntia m f circuli —•
adfcriptionel f trianguli
j‘
|_rrAi2mri < f communi
(_
triangula ii ordinati < f Qyadrasi
* propria <
(_
(_QjrinfH<tng ax.-

JL, C tetragonifmo t

f Canone—
’ 9
5
1 triangulorum <{ Calcvlo-.tkeorematit ©• pofiulatis
noio modo expofsto:- •t «

unde deducitur Gtodafia retiarum -1 t

j
Sphara

A
/-•» a ;'
v *&.
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— —
y r Gtoidt/i4<
ffimpla •

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perpendiculum W-' V
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fiderant I
f Rativ
tw f » cum altis <
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j
fpe dolia in ^ j_Simiii/«Ar-
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Communit <
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Vkli
>. ^ * L**i 4 a .v *. T confit < fcur quibusvis terminis

a*
•
-1 'Piolemao |
fltfrw per foli multiplicatione
•*?
cr Rhem-i
j -
Calai holdopcr Redangulit u
srv„ luta >*
6 pro obliqvangulo

_
Poflulatwn pro reliquit obHquanguli qtuefuis.

I to.
\7 x.p.f. Regiom. unde efl duplex inventio facilior quam mpojhi
lato fuerat. — - -

L*l3
4 u0t
~
£30*; VV'!

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w . R5«r-
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 2 1 .

Benevolo Lettori S.
QiJUtbi.anUccLeftor, volumen iniegrum
communicarimu*: ner nux com
milU fiictc Iphalmata graphica rcticcrc debuimus:
reptura paraulmmusin pauculis Jmcc ubi nedcfuillc
m qui tccum ednunun.ca-
videremur.
Puorauicm crfihtaia, numeru, pajiuam poTlmor
pagina xrrf.m denotat.
io. lege
7 r 6 31 mfiguratCalocu commuta Q-tadaheri terminum a >onfirna.
Xi injigurajecudapro ittpo.iet ep. &
a acu adi prop.at admoneantur ut amni; notent,
mmterpendicuUm ad diametrum notetur hltrai ~d diametri,!
adperiphmam. 3 3 iuft-
^nd^ura inrtcla a omfinc defiderature. j,. pro eo lege a m pnma figura in
3 o. 4+
penpheitadefideraturiinUnaaoi. 47. ufubdupji
,4. ,q proaoe, oae. 60.% t*c
ut. 60. 44 mbafi aquiaugulum. 68 intenninofimTlro diamttn
87. 6 defideratura.
l&r angui». 96. i ddtjfapnentum majm. 1 2 frauda* profequenta. a8l. 11
ifeqemi Irnea poTldata^onaturpenphgriaium. 285. mlmeaiodefidnature.
324. 27
pUnme+iftr 14. 324. 28 planute *- 3 figura rrfla m t q defideraturmfine m.
339.6 oie. 340-3« dijlane igitur e Crc.
34I. 2 anguliait. in.j: figura ultima Utera
jficonfeqountur lltm. 343 in ultima figura in arcuiomfine deeUt. 333 inarem tpal
-Iero fime defiderotnr u. II pnfi.n. 379 tetm fecundm xerfut proxime an treedtrt
378.
dtbet 23-r. 403 in retia 1 y omijjumeTl u. prxterea 91.13 0- 274. 14. 0- 273 25 £T
288. f pro 1 leget. 28*. 16O.303. j in particula 1 3 (7 .333. ai pro $ lege i.iip.
poiltu.C 303- J yoctm per. &
ili. 27 pol? 1 3.«. 0- 334. 28 /»H 130.6* 339.
1
1
poli yote per. (7 342. l+poflroe? per. Cr 37*. 80- 382. I 3 poslfjlhb.ca pro i.f.
icArmologicatyortho^raphica facile deflor ipft reThtuet ut 29.9 contahum. 32. 21 /i-
mijfa'. 32. 27 0- 44- «» 60. 23 «//». 60. 27 reflo. 6i.
34 &/». 63. 13 por.
70. 12 exteriori. 74. 30 <M. 79.113 prtmtff.i. 87. 6 oivm/i. 1 rj. I porros. 131. 20
interior. 3 12. 2 radint. 313. 4 Ium. 317. j habeat. 324. 12 tubo. 337. 30 dimittan-

tur. 338. 7 Jolam. 331. 18 minoru. 333. 9 dijfeminata. cfiquafunialia.

Inlocoreslitutiouu deprayatorum numerorum canona triangulorum prior numerut gra-
dum quadrantia m fupero margine, fecundat minutam in fnitbro ,
tertiat gradumfigmficat
periodi qua quarto numero indicatur.
Locus reftir.in canone Locus reftitutin canone tangent.
fiituum Keslit.

KeiUt. o. 13.27.1.1 de f. 0.2.2 fle 19.20.2.2.

0. 64. o. 1. 1. fle 64. 2. 1. te 36. 8.1,2 fle 39.39.2.2 Se 86.37.a-1.
j. 14,41. 2. 2 fle 62. >8. i.2 flc87.11. 3.2.

4 63. 18. 1. 1. 4. 46.14.3.2.

5. 27. 4. 2. 2 fle 49.20. 1.2 3, 39.i4.12flc43.323.;.
AC33.41.2.2. 9. 8.34.1.2 fle 16. 0.22 fle 38.40.2.1.

7 . 23.43. ' *• 2144.36.1.1 fle 47.43.1.2 fle 87.32.1.2.

8. 13.21.2. 1 flc'3». 36.2.2 '7. 27.36.2.1 fle 47.7.1.2.
9. 8.33.3.1 34.10.2.1.

Heslit.
Locus rcftit.in can.fccant.
& 33-85 M& fle 17. 7.1.2
41. 1.3,1
fle

fle 46.19.2.1.

*. 9.18.3.1 flcaj-J-SM-J- Praierea m canonefinuum ad IX. 34.

fle 49- 5-!-«- loca commuta 60-7.
1. 68.33.3.1. in can.tang.ad 87. 9. muta 6.c»j cfe.f.

2. 70.36.1.2. in can.fu.ip.ix.uh.period.pc ejl 291

2 1 18. 1 .2
. fle 38 ^4 - «•* & J 94 >- « -J* Reliquafi qua funt ingradibu* extre-
fle 44.8.2 2. marum periodorum txytctnaaratfattle
6 . 68.39 2 2. rcshtucntur.
8. 63. 9.1.1.
 i. ELEMENTA DVO PTOi
LEMAICA INSERENDA AD
finem libri quinti Rami.

1 dux recta fe fecantes parallelis pluribus in*

terfecantur : parallela fegmentis conterminis
proportionales.
Elto (int duae redae *
TedaeaTe&pa
a e. ai.
rallelis ou. e i.Erir ut uo. ad ei,fic ao
ad a i. ElemenrunT veritatis Tuae caufam
aliam non defideratquam perfpecies in-
du&ionem. Nec generalior demonftra-
tiodaripoteft. Elemenram enim cujus
fpecialia exempla proximo genere diffe-
rut generali medio demonltrari nequit.
Sufficit itaq; jndudio,quod fi parallelae
fint inaequales fimilicer contermina Teg-
menta inaequalia exiftere fi fintaequales:

fore quoque ut Tegmenta habeantur aequalia: quemadmodum

'hic patet in interfedis verticali ter ad u.

Nam ut a e & o i aequantur, ira & o u. u e. vel a u & u i.

//., Si quatuor retiarum duxfaciant angulum, reliqua

ab harum terminis infe reflexa priores feccnt.ratitr unius
BH *dfcgmcntumf/ium.velfegmentoru inter fefte ratione
ita conterminarum ut prima facientium conterminetur
,

* * a anteceden -
 :

antecedentisfa&a principi» .fecunda huius eonfcejuentit

fini contermina terminetur m
finem confequentuficia.
Sint eninfquatuor leftae ae. a . eu. io. q iarum duaepriores
faciant angulum ad a. reliquae ab harum c. ramus redexa: lecenr
ie in y. atqj duas priores in u& o.
»

e
t

Dico prim6 rationem i a ad a u efle faflam e ratione i o ad

«y. & ye ad eu.
Qui primus Ptolemaei cafus cft.
Secund6 rationem iu ad u a cftefaftam i ratione iy ad y o.
fcoeadea.
Qui fecundus eft Ptolemaei cafus.
Etlic deinceps plures colliges cafus prout elementum habet.
Elementi autem ut Sc praecedentis generalis dcmonftratio
nulla cliPtoleraaeus cafus fuos duos fpeciales demonftrat fpc-
ciatim,& primum quidem hoc modo
Ducatur a termino u pararella ipli o i. fuque u s. Erit tum
per 14. e.
ttt i a ad a u, fic i o ad u s.

Atqui ratio io ad u s cft fa&a e ratione i o adoy &

yead eu.
Ergo ratio ia ad au exiifdemerit falta Allumpiioncm hinc
probat: exaxiomate illo logiftico :Si numerus numeros multi,
plicet fafti erunr;mufriplicatis proportionales :& vero alfum.
pta deforis linea multiplicante o y. multiplicante inquam o i &
u s. ergo erit ratio io ad u s.falUeratioucoy ad o i. &
o y ad
a u. id cft, per >4. e. y e ad e u.
 %
.
4 ' f
Quod S haec ad Arithmetica retuleris: prout ad multiplica,
•tionem proportionum referri debent omnia ea quae de faAadi-
cuntur ratione: facilis tibi in promptu erifdemon Aratio. Sint
enim multiplicatae proportiones , ut i o ad oy, (icioadoy.
hoc eA,utrinq; squalitatis ratio &
rurlus y e ad e u. iu o
:
y ad
u s. per 14. e.
io. oy. io. oy. A
ye. eu. oy. us. >
Hic quia fecundarum rationum termini heterologi aequan-
tur: erit per doArinam multiplicationis proportionum, ut fa-
ftus ab y e per i o ad faAum ab e u per oy. Ocio ad u s.
hoc
cft, e doArina multiplica tionis quae longe ab additione diver-
(
eA) rationum ratio io ad us. hoceA,‘ia ad au. fit e ratione io
ad oy. & yc ad eu. •

b' trfaftaa Ptolemto hoc modo de-

monHrjttur.
IU'
DucarurreA* eu pe* j.c. n. e. parallela as.
Eric iraq; per »3. e. vr i u ad u a.
fic yi ad ys. at alfumpta deforis
reAa oy multiplicante ratio iyad
y s. fit e ratipn$ y ad y o. & oy
i

ad y s. hoc eA, o e ad ea per 13. e.

Ergo ratio i u ad u a fit i ratione
iy ad yo. & oe ad ea.
Poteris & eunde cafum ex pro-
pprrionum multiplicatione contexere, ut&primum.
Sunt enim multiplicat* proportiones
•y* yo* iy. yo.
o c. ea. y o. y *.
Ergo faAus ab y per o e ad fa Aum ab o per ea eA nt
i
y i y
1
ad ys.hoceA,iu ad ua.
Atq;h$c exempla hujus clementi Ptolemaeus habec.Sunt
ve-
* * rd plura:
 9

rb plura: ut & Theon ea collegit: quae at in promptu fine hic

accipe.
-acientes. FaGa.
A n te c. ea. “'o i. r
Co/tfeqv ao. *y- eu. uy.
” •*
^
Anrec. ao. «y*
Confeq. o e. yu. ai. iu.

Antec. ua. io * i
*
v # •

* • Conlcq. ai. oy. u e. e y-

Anrec. eo. ai. «}• yu.

Confeq. ao. 1 u. **
^
-lr® n *

Quae fimiliter arithmetice Facile demonftrantur: modo id, in

demonftntionibus contexendis, Theonis obfervecur.: quod
duarum quibus» n«
tjuaedeforisefluflhiturfit vel parallela alteri
terponitur,aur etiam adjungitur: vel n,ars alterius earundem:
vel econtraut altera harum fit pars alfumptae deforis. Sunt Se
pluies.cafusdefegmentis diveifarum redarum, in quibmcu-
riofi funt Arabes jThebitiuSjAlchinduSjeriam recentiores lub
notnineregulaefex^uafuicarum. Verum hi per do*
• {trinam proportionum multiplicatio*
-

%
E*
* 6 nis hinc dednfti Arithmcti.
cae peritos non la-
tebunt.
*
fti ut: » TH. FI*.
.

'
«*-
JO>
”4 J}?V?
5 ** f* k -T2Vr*
yr

a
'

>
T #
1 i

TH. F N K 1 I

'
GEOMETRIA RO. T V N D I,
1*5 . i
(
_ . m / h ‘

L I B £- «. P K I M V S.
ik

De circuli re&is fecautibus.

Otundum esi figura, cujus radii omnes a.
quantur.
Geometria nobis propofita eft rotundi:
quae bene metiatur rotundum. Hic itaque
memoreorum de quibus in Pr*fatione dixi,
neccire no habeo plura repetere quam ipfum
lub/.iftum mihi propolitum requirit. Cum
itaque Geometria propofita de rotundo (it: definiri rotundum
oportuirrdefinitione collefta e 15. d. 1. i+. d. 11. Eucl. Voca- &
tur autem Rotundum pro figurarotunda: ur vulg6 planum, &
rrianeulun^quadrangulum pio plana figura, uiangula, quadxan
gula dicimus.

d’>

Aeqtnrio aurem radiorum omnium peculiaris eft romndo

At aeqtuntur(inquis)eriarri radi' parallelogrimmi
j. c 6. e.io.R,
Aequantur , inquam, fcd non omnes ; fcd tantum ejuldem dia.
t i metri
 J

1
GEOMETRI AE
mcrri aut falrem plures diagoniorum aut ex angulis duita-
rum, aut rede fe fecanrium utin quadrato: ut jn n guris ad di-
ftum Rami elementum pater. Sic &
inomni multangulo Ordi-
nato cadii in angulos aequantur, interim tamen jnon omnes ra-
dii multi enim ducuntur in latera proinde^; minores iis, qui in
:

angulos tendunt. Et haec ipfa aequatio e rotundo efhquia circu-

lus in angulis circumfcribirurreftilineo.

> 2. Diametri in rotundo bifecantur raditsaqualibus.

y Ratio hujus confe&arii in promptu eft. Diameter enim eft

duplicatus radius: (i ergo ex diametro auferas radium reftabic

radius, dimidius diametri.
Et
). Rotunda diametrorum aqualiumfunt aqualia.
Euclides fpeciatim de circulo proponit i.d.j. ac generale eft
ad omne rotundum ut nempe rotundum rotundo iit aequale: (i
:

diameter diametro aequetur: aut radius radio.

Rotundum ex tfopertnietrufuigeneri* eft maximum.
Sui generis intellige planum aut folidummcmpc planum pia
no folidumiblido majus Talis cil circulus in planis, fphaera in
:

folidis. *
;

/* Elementi aurem Veritas parerNam utin planis circulus quo-

libet redilineo ordinaro, fi* in foiidisiphan? oidinatis quibul-
libct corporibus tft ordinatior: (ic Ptqiemaeus rotundum

•moXvyMtcur. Ariftoteles hhvyiDvictv vocat : &

Euclides etiam
«flerotundum polygoniam multorum & infimroium angulo-
rum j.p.j.aftruere videtur. Et vero axioma illud & principium
Geometricum eft? Ex iioperims^ris homogenlis ordinatius
< eft majus, ex heterogencis ordinati» reiminaiius. Principium
E
L| hocTheon aZenodoro repetitum in Commentarijs fuis in Pto
lemaeum , dcmonftrar ad caput 'avicqoufoufut
lib. i. quod interpreti latino eft fecundum: & dcmonftrat indu-

Laf
•

diouc Ipecierum demonftutarum uccpoteft ejus generalior

:

adduci

I
 R O TV ND T, L r B; t f
adduci demonltracio: proximo emm gcuerc inter fe (peculia
exempla dilsidentucaqj Seno* exemplis poli generale allatum
principium contenti erimus ad hoc propoluuin elementum.
Sit itaque triangulum aequilaterum, quadratum circulus ae-
qualis perimetri exempli gratia 24.. em hic lacus trigoni ft. qua-
drati 6 .
jjm ex libris Rami per 9. e. 12.& d.e. 11. area trianguli colligi.
turz 7 quadrati 36. circuli autem aream inltrius mvcftiga-
bimus 45-pp.

Atque hinc Plato dixit, rotundam figuram omnium efle per-

feAilsimam ideoque Deum mundum Sphaericum figurafle:ut
:

fuocompl xu cunela contineret.

Arillotelcs etiam in Mechanicis miraculorum omnium
in ro-
tundo caofam & principium ponir.
Qui lane liber adolelcentihus ftudiofis debetefle commen-
datus. Aggregent huc ftudiofi locum Quintiliani ex 10.
c. 1. de
^v/ojf*<^«tilU:quae ex ignoratione elementi hujus exiftic.
Qui vel proplerea cognoftendus eft: ur confler quanto cum pu
dore philolophos fejaflent ii, qui elegantem hunc Geometri*
tilum ignorant: cum homini etiam rhetori non Ot ignotus.
Et
certe infiniti per omnia vitae genera hinc errores & iiaudes exi-
ilunt:
 /' - G "E' & M E R T AE
fttintPfi iiro^ff/rtTpaconcipianrurirp^M^i#. Hinc enim agro*
rum fraudulenta dimcnfio:Geographu mendax:cum infulae nu'
mero dierum quibus circumeunruraurcircum navigancur,men
furantur.Menfurarum profefto cylindracea quam cubica plus
capit: ut quotidiana etiam plebejos experientia docuir.
/. Rotundum eft circulus autJphara,
Dichotomia haec eft rotundi: qua efle contenti polTumus.
Nulluth enim praeterea rotundum eft.Nam licet fphfricum,hoc
eft fphaerae fuperficies etiam rotundum fit: tamen hac divifione
a fuo corpore non excluditur. Et nos tantum hic de duplici illo
rotundo agemus.
/ 6. Circulus eft rotundumplanum, ij.da.
ReftHmfenm Eucliidi definitur planum reftrelinefscompre-
henfum:& ita circulus figura plana peripheria contenta five
comprehcnfa, cujus padii aequentur. Ea enim plurium verbo-
rum eft fcntentia. Atihocmodo dcfinitur.hrcvius: Planum cft
quia aequafiter intra fues terminos interjacet. Nam fiperiphe-
riae multas partes feceris:cxuna in aliam fuperficies Ipatio in-
tra eas comprehenfo aequabitur. Et hoc habet commune cum
triangulo quadrangulo &c. At rotundum elle &ab ovata figu-
:
‘

ra&reliquTs planis omnpus fejunj

Dcfcribendi circuli inftrumen-

'rumidcm eft quod fuitperipheriae:
nempe circinus, five is crura refta ha
beat,lrvCValga:fi ve integra,fivc am-
putata. At utillic motus & fluxus
punfti in extremo radio periphe-
riam lineantis confideratus eft : fic
hic motus radii totam aream radian
«tis pcrpenditur.ut hic, fi a e a termi-
nis ea manente a concipias circumvolvi, donec e ad e
redeat
area lineata eft, quae circulus vocarur.
- Atqj h«c de circuli definitione circulor u coparario fequitur.
:

. Circuli7
 -

R O TV N D ty L I B. T. _#
7. Circulifunt ut a diametris quadrata. 2.p.n.
Circuli plana funt fimilia :coium^ue latera homologa lunt
diametri. Atfimiliaplanahabent duplicatam rationem homo-
logorum laterum i.e. 6. R. Et quadrare diametros ell duplicare
rationem homologorum laterum, ut ex Arithmetica doftrina
& ratione quadrandi diametros conflat. Erit itaque fic circulus
ad circulum, ut quadrarum diametri prioris ad quadratum dia-
metri poflerioris. Sic circuli a e diameter fit 5. circuli veri
i

ouy diameterfir 4. Quadratum veri illius z;.hu;usn$. erit ur

25 ad a
<6.fic circulus i e ad circulum ouy.

Quod fi diameter efTet a e quidem 14. oy veri 7. eiTettj; cir-

culus major 154. minor hinc concluderetur efi*e 38-f. Nam
quadratum de 14 ell 1516.de 7. efl 49. jam uc 1516 ad 49. fic ell 154
adj8-f.
Itaq;
S.Diametrifunt ut peripheria.
Efl Pappi theorema 5.I.11.& 26.the.18.utfi finrduo circulia e.
i o. Sitq; peripheria unius 44. diameter 14. alterius peripheria

22.diameter7.erit,ut44 adi2.fici4 ad 7.per hoc elementum

Peucerus invefligat in Geographia rationem arcuum Aequa-
toris ad parallelorum peripherias.
• k Gccrne
9.
 t* ' GEOMETRI AE

g. Geometria circularisfimplex aut cojunfta erit. Sim-

plex eU in lineii aut in fegmentu circuli.
Diltributio timplicis ex lubjc&is: allumpca propterea urma-
teria fparfim apud Euclidem fufa luce aliqua feparari polsir.
Confideratio autem linearum prima cft inlcriptarum, & qui.
dem inferiptae (impliciter, hoc modo.
v. 10. Siretta duobus in peripheria punttis terminetur?
cadet intra circulum. 2.p.}.
ut hic in fubjefto fchemate re<3a a e. Esin promptu caufa cft b
definitione lineae reftae: qu? bre-
vilsima cft intra eofdem termi-
nos brevioritaq; quam periphe
:

ria.F.t certe eft: & po

poftulatum
ftulatur abArchimede quod li-
nea, quod fuperficies ad eaidem
paires obliqua non cadat extra,
i &2.d. i.deiphaera.idcminil'or-
ropicis poftulatur.
Theon vel Euclides impofsi-
bileadhibet ex 16 &
.8. p.i. Arq;

hoc elementum docet rationem

* ’
inferi.

t.

Digitized
 R O TV ND T, L I B. T. '
n
infcribenda circulo re&a:fumptis nempe duobus in periphe-
riapun&is. Sequitur inlcriptio rctta aqualis data.

u. Si a termino diametri ex eag radio aijuante da-

;
tam rectdto peripheria deferibat ur: recta a
diflo termino
in concurfum penpberiarum injertbetur dato circulo , a-
qualisdata. i.p.4.

Euclides mechanice live proplematice proponirin darum cir

culum data refta qua non major fit diametro circuli,aqua-
,

lem re&am applicarerintcllige tamen infcribere:& cognita pro-

pofirionepramifla conditio illa, qua non fit major diametro,
cAfuperflua.
Sed eAo data refta
a.datus circulus eu. k . u
jam e o aquetur da-
'
ta a. atq; termino e.
radio e o deferibarur
peripheria , concur-
rens cum djto in u.
arq; ab e. fitrefta eu.
hac ell inferipta a-
qualis data.Nam e u
& eo hoc cA ex fabrica refla a.funt radii cjufdcm peripheria.
Ergo aquantur per 5. c. 5. e.
5
R.
Sequitur jam inferiptarum Coryphea diamercr : cujus hac
c A inventio. >•

12. Si inferipta rette bifecet inferiptam: esi diameter

circuli ,eitutj
s
medium centrum, t.p. 3.

Partes elementi dua linit de diametro, de centro. EAo inferi-

pra a e. eamq; refle bifecetpet7.e. R. refla io u ino Eiiti 0
5 u.
circuli diameter. Nam inlcripti reflanguli diameter commu.
ni» eA circulo : At hanc inferipta bilccan* cA diameter reflan-
*
b * gui*
,
 I

12 GEOMETRI JE
guli per$. e.ii.R. Nambifeltaeft i

pro fubtcn-
latere reltanguli, &
dit etiam bifeltam peripheriam:
quibus oppofittc & infcripta & pc
lipheiia perinde bifccarentur. At-
que ita caula communis eft cum 3.
c. R.
11.

* Sequitur fecunda pars de cen-

tro quod in medio diametri patet
:

elTeper j.t. ^.e. 5.R. &a.e.in me-

dio enim radii fecantur aequales.
Euclides impofsibile maluit, &
ita cogit qux eft deduftio ad fentent>am abfurdam.
:

Si centrum non eftin medio diametri, fcd alibi extra : pars

aequatur toti.
At hoc abfurdum. Et illud igitur.
Sit enim centrum ex adveilarii propolito exrra y in s. ducatur
itaq; s a.s o.s e. erunt triangula s a o. s o e aequali tera. radii enim
sa.s e aequantur: & ex thefi ao.oe aequales funt: s o autem la-
tus exiftir commune, tigoperi. e.7.R. angulus s oa. angulo
s o e aequatur.Quare uterque relhis eft per 8.e. 5. R.

Sed & a o y reltus ex thefi eft. anguli autem refticruri relti

funt aequales quare :
&
angulus a oy. aequabitur angulo a o s.
pars toti.
Et Gc de reliquis punitis; Verum tamen fi quis oppofuerit
.effe quidem centrum in diametro, atno in medio diametri:im.
pofsibile Euclidcum de angulis ad o non lufficit quia tum an- :

guli so a. y oa revera aequabuntur. Verum objeltio eft contra

thefimdaturcnim circulus:circulus eft rotundumrrotundum au
tem bifecatur radiis aequalibus,& hic centrum eft.
Itaq;

13 Si dua re Ha duas inferrptas non parallelas re fle bi~

Jecent.concurfusbifcantium erit centrum circult.e 2).p. 3.
Sint

\
 R O TV ND /, L I B. h
Sint infcriptxduy
non parallelae y u. 8c
y s.Nonparallel^ in-
quam. Si enim paral-
lelae eifent: jam una
refla bifecas alteram,
reliquam etiam bife-
carec,ut inpraemiiTa
patuit, & ira concur-
fus non fieret : aut fi

concurfus dicendus,
is fieri, tum pofsit ex-

tra medium licet ui

diametro. Has itaqj
infcripras bifecentre
fleae. io. itaq; erunt
per 12, e. diametri :& proinde per * c. y. e. 4. R. centrum in ea.
ium erit concurlu»
Et licet
r4 PcYiphcrtam ducere per triafuntta in
>
refiam mt-
nime cadentia.
Poftulati fabrica ex 13 e.facf-
liseft. Reflas enim inter bina
punfla infcripras bifecances
duae in concurfu fuo centrum
habent. Radius eft a concurfu
inpunflum. Dentur rriapun*
fla a e i. quae non cadant in re-
flam.per ea deferibenda fit pe.
ripheria. reflas iraq; e i. a e. bi-
fecentduae concurrentes ino*
ubi centrum.

b / //. Si
 :

X4 <7 E O E T R T /E M
Tf.a termino diametrifit infriptarctla a reliquo
Si
m
dum ctri termino terminum infcripta,ei esiperpenateu
laris . cjip.j*
Sit enim diameter a e,
& a termino a. inferipra
ai. rurfus<$; ab altero ter-
mino inferipta e i in ter-
minum prioris inferiptae.
Dico e effeperpendicu-
i

laread a i. ponatur enim

angulo a ei. aequalis i e o
aequicrurus. Aequabitur
ergoper z. e.7. R. bafisai
(

bali i o. itaque cum e i. ae-

qualiter interjaceat ,.pw
10. e. 2.R. erit perpendi-
cularis. ^ ...
as ,m jn: -
l ta'q ;

16. Si reEIa infinita fletura peripberia externuentri

inpuntlis dato (fi contingente, (fi diameter fit a conttn-
**'
'
gente: retia a datopunttoconnettcns diametrum erit per-
pendicularis fitper infwita m .
^
Fabrica pcrpedtcularis adre-
fttm datam expoGtaertp. 10. e.
5.R. cui & haec aggregari debet
quia facilis &:expedita eft.Hinc
etiam Mechanici normam fuam
fabricantur. Siciraq; infinita a e
ineaque"punftum datum a. ex
qua erigenda fit perpendicula-
risad datam. Centro itaq;quo-
cunq; externo verbi gratia ad o.
radio vero o a. deferibatur peri-
pheria
&. . 0, 4
 R O TV ND I, L l B. L u
pheria fecans re&am infinitam etiam in alio punito quolibet
e. jam ab e per o Gt diameter e i.redtac^ue ab in a infcriba- i

rur. atque haec a eft perpendicularis luper infinitam. Nameft

i

inlcripta a termino diametri in terminum inicriptae a reliquo

diametri rermino:& ita norma fadla ell i a e.
' Et licet
/7. Per duo retlapuntla deferibereperipberiam.
Nam redtaconnedtens verticem perpendicularis (quam Ra-
mea fabrica inventam huc addaces) ex uno pundto cumreli-
|uo eft diameter optatae peripheriae. ut fi dentur in praemif-
So lchcmate a & c. perpendicularis fit a i. redla connedtens
i & e eft diameter, in cujus medio cft centrum o. deferiben-
dae peripheriae.

Et
/<P. a dato puncto faciens angulum cum inf-
Si retia
. nita fiat diameter per/pberu fecantis infinitam: retia d
dato puntlo connetlens fegmentum infinita cumdiame -
tro eritperpendicularisfuper infinitam.

Alia ha:c eftperpcndicularis fabrica, ante pundlum datum

fuit in redta infinita: hic exrradatur. ut fi deturin eodemprae-
mifio fchemate i. tumtjue redta i e faciens angulum cum infini-
ta fiat diameter peripheri^ fecantis infinitam in a.jam redta a di-
dto pundto i. connedtens fegmentum ac cum diametro e A per-

pendicularis luper infinitam.

Sequitur inferiprarum comparatio,& quidem in partibus ra-
tio primo aequalitatis.

19. Si diameter bifecet adiametrum : reti} fecat : cr

contra. 3.p,j.

EflOjdiamereracfececadiamerrum io Equidem bifecet in

y.dico etiam fccarcrcdlc.Dudtis enim radiis u o. u i. Triangula
uunt
 .

jf geometri ae
fiunt *quUatera:ob aequale* radios^qua-
lia fegmenta ex thcfi comrthmc : legmcn-
tum diametri u y.
aequilatera per i. e. 7. R. anguli ad
Si y
otrinqueaequanturrSiaequanturjfcgmen-
tumdiamctn uy.&proinde ipfa diameter
refla ac perpendicularis eft a diametro per
loe.z.R.
Converfa perinde facilis eft:quod,fi dia c
meter refle fecet adiametrum,bifecet. Nam
Triangula aequa angulo aequicruro funt aequibafia l e.7.R.

At triangula u y.y u o.xqua angulo aequicruro ad u exiftunr.

1

Nam anguli ad y lunt refli ex thefi,& ideo aquales per c.8.e.j.R.

& rurfus anguli i & o.in triangulo
i u o.per 10. e. 6. R, funt aequa-

les.itaq-, reliquiu y.y u o xquantur.Sc funt aequicruri quia i u.

i

u o. radii commune
funt,& u y crus exiftir.

Ergo triangula‘i u y.y u o. aequantur balibus i y.y o. bifegmen

tis nempe reftae refle perdiamerrum feflae.
Sequitur partium inlcriptarum ratio inaequalitatis.
20. St adumetri tn t erfecanturfigmentafunt intq Ma-
lia 4-p-}-
Euclides negatione proponit non fore Tegmenta aequalia:&
demonftrai per impofsibile c ip. c. Veriim res impofsibili hoc
non multum habet opus.
Nam
Si inferiptae funt bifeflae funt dia-
metri.e i.e. At inferiptae non funt ex
thefi diametri.
Non ergo bifcflae,fed inaequali-
ter feflae.
Et fic rati6 in partibus inferipta- \

rumfuittfequituriniifdempropor-
tio &
quidem fuo clfeflo fignifi-
y
cata.
ar. Si
 . R O TV ND T, L I B. I. /7
21. Si duamfcrtpta interfccantur :reftangulum e/e-
gnentis unitu aquatur reclangulo efegmetu reItqua.)
s-f.)*

In (criptae enim a e. io.interfecen- 1 y'^'

tu in u.
Eric reltangulum a u. u e rettan-
f
gulo o u.u i. aequale. Nam interfettae
lunt diametri aur adiamecri. Si dia-
f \ >
mecri jam radii erunt aquales
inde laterum aequalium aqualia
pro- &
{
l /
qua- \ z'

Sed fi fint adiamerri.ca

dat diameter in commu-
ne feftionem y u. Sinrcj;
perpendiculares y s.
y r.
Hic perip\ e. bifccan-
tur a e.i o in r &
s.jam fyl-
logifmus demonftratio-
nishiccft. x

Aequalia eidem inter

fe aequantur:
At oblongum au. uc.
& oblongum o u. u cum i

yu quadrato comuni ei-

dem radii quadrato ae-
quantur.
Ergoabje&o commu-
ni quadrato u oblongum au. ue aequatur oblongo ou.ui.
y
AflTumptio hinc patet:
Quadrata is.sy aquantur quadraro radii i y.per
j.e. 12. R.
At oblongum o u.u i.cum quadratis s.u s hoc clt cum
y quadral
c toyu.
Yt GEOMETRI AE
to y u aequatur quadraris s. sy. per 6 . i e. ij. R. & quadrati y c

communis utrinqj additione.

Ergo oblongum o u. u i. cum quadrato yu aequatur quadra-
to radii.
2 Quadrata r c. ry. aequantur quadrato radii y e. per *.e. 12. R,.
A oblongum au
c u e cum quadratis r u. ry. hoc elt per 5. e.iz.R.
cum quadrato y u. sequantur quadraris r c. r y. per 6. e. ij.ll.dc

communis quadrati ry uciinq; additione.

Ergo oblongum a u. u e cum quadrato y u aequatur quadra-
to radii.
Arq;hicfignificaturproportiopartiurn infcriprarum cxclfc-
ais.Elt cmm clFcftum proportionis aifta aequatio.
Itaq;
22. Si diameterfccet inferip tam retfangulumfigmen- •

torum fecla cum quadrato figmenti diametri e centro n%

fettam aquatur quadrato radit. 14. p.j Regio. Almag.
Sit enim inlcripta o 1. eam fecer diameter a e. duoreftangu-
lum 0 u.u i.cum quadrato y u aequari quadrato tadii a y.
a

Nam quia refla a e eft bifefla in

y.per •. e.fecusqj in u. oblongum

a u. u e. hoc ell per praemiflum o u.
u i. cum quadraro y u aequabitur
uadrato ay bifegmenn nempe ra-

S liperd.e.ij.R.
'
%
• •

Sequitur jam ratio integrarum

inFcnptarum quam 1'ola diameter
eoum facit.

2j. In(cripta aquidifiant d centro in quas d centro

,

perpendicularesfiunt aquales. 4 •

Sit
 R O £T r 17 D T, L 1 B. T. j9

Sicae.ioaeqflidiftanc a centro: quia perpendiculares in caa

uy. u s fune aequales.
24. Si wfcripta funt squales: aquidiftant a centro :[& *
contra.
i4p.j.
HocEuclides aeque potuifler poftulare bene ut fuperius:ac
demonftravit:hoc modo.
*
Sinrinfcriprae aequa- 'It

lesae.io. jam ducan- *

• • *
tur a centro u & radii
U u i Se perpendicula-
a.
res uy. u s. Quare in-
feri
p te bifecatur:ideoqj
& dimidiaaequalitj,ya.
i aequabuntur . Nam
s

proportionalia ad idem
«ve aequale aequantur,
jam quadrata radiorum
per 5. e.n.R. aequantur
binis quadratis crurum
ay.yu.&is.s u. quae bi-
na ideo $quantur:abla-
tis lcilicet radioru qua-
dratis aequalibus rdenuocjue quadrata ay. is. aequalia ex sheff,
funt enim lacerum «qUttlium, tollantur, relinquuntur quadrata
adeoque ipfa latera y u. u s per z.c. 2. e. 12. R. aequalia. Latera au
tem haec lunt perpendiculares acencroininfcriptas exfabrica-
Ergo per zj.e.infcriptae aequidifUnca centro. .
Converla eodem ratiocinio probari poterit. Nam quiaxqui-
diftant infcriptae a centro. erunt perpendiculares yu.su aequa-
les.jam rurfus ablatis quadratis radiorum Sc perpendicularium
ligillatim aequalibus relinquuntur quadrata aequalia, proin- &
&
de latera ay.i s. proinde horum dupla funt aequalia, quae fune
ipl* infcriptae. »
e
c 2 Inferi-
 •

20 GEOMETRI /1E

jf. Infcriptitrum intqtulium dumeter efr m eximit :

di.imetrojjpropior m.t) or rcmotioresemottjiimu minima:

minim.tjL propior minor remotiore, d:t&fyuiriny d dume f
trofoLt xqu.wtur. e i) .p.$.

Hic quin qj cis menti parces habemus quas ut ordine demon-

ftremusljoc nobis (chcma praemittatur, ubi diameter inferipta.
fit cum alijs inferiptis.
Prima pars quod ex
inferiptis dialhecera c
fit maxima hinc paret.
Ducatur e centro ra
terminos inferi-
dii in
ptarum 1 i. 1 o. Hinc
/amita concludes.
Diameter a I c. ae-
quatur radijs 1 i. 1 o.
per 2 . e. Ati i. Scio
funt majores qua i o.
per 6. c.6. R. Ergo 8c
diameter inferipta i o
major eft.
Secunda quod pro-
pior maximae exem-
pli gratia io. fit major
remotioreuypatetper4.e.7.R. Nam
Triangulum lo.eft aequicrurum triangulo u y. quia radii ae-
i 1

quantur:fed interim angulus o angulo aequicruro u ly eft ma-

i 1

jor tanquam totum parfle.Ergo Scbafis o fuperatbafin u y.

i

* Tertia quod remotifsima fit minima,

& quarta quod propior
minimae minor fif remotiore confequuntur e prima 8c (ecun-
da. Nam fi diameter eft maxima: a diametro remotifsima erit
minima.
Quinta quod duaefolae utrinqia diametro oequenturper fe-
cundam
 .
R O T• V N
D /, L T B. 7. ji
eundam pater. Nam praeter o & s r ftatuatur tertia aequali*
fi i

erit eadem inaequaiis.Nam diametro propior aur remotior. Ac

hoceitabfurdum.

Quinta quod duae utrinque ad idem diametri Tegmentum i

dacopunfto aequentur pate t.nam fi angulo u s a fit aequalis a s r.
c 3 & lacera
 GEOMETRI AE
/ • 0

& latera u s. a s. &a

». s r funr aequalia: per z. c. 7.R.U a. a r aequa-

buntur.Ec quidem lol$ aquantur, ut impofsibili conllat.Si

enim
lols.Sit ergo* aequalis tertia.ergo per ».e.7.R. angulus 1 s a
no l

«quaturangulo rsa. totum videlicet parti quod eftabfurdum.

Euclides ait ad utramque pariem minimae loias duas
aequari: ac
eft ad utramqj partem etiam maxim*.
id tamen commune
Elementum itaqj generale eft de punfio quocunq; diametri
extracenttu:fivein diametro fi^five in termino diametri (quod
fpeciatim Commandinus dcmonftrat ad 8.p.
Archimedis de li-
diametro tum non
neis fpiralibus) fi hic notetur minimam in
efleprorndeq;, nec inde utrinq; aequales. Qua: per fe
patent.

Quinta autem pars fuppeditat nobis conieftarium aliquod.

Itaqj

esi terminus tuum retiarum

2 7 SipunRurp in fircula
in penpoerfam a/juahum:esi centrum
arcuit p.p.}.
.

derooftratio hoc
4
.
-

Eudidea
loco duplexfcft. at poftre-
ma expeditior eft.&con-
feftarium e quinta parte.
Nam fi datu illud &pro-
pofuuippudfcura an ori eft
* centrum,adiarnetH(qu? per
quodlibet in coculo pun
-

Oumduciporeft)Dunftono
duaeuerm-
centro u*6lolum
ex
aue aequantur: quia hic
dantur tr*s aequales ab
thefi
eodem fjuntto. Quod ta-
men contraxd.e.cujus yeri-
tas conftacjinfertur.

28. Retiarum a dato extra puntlo in concavum

pert-

pheria qua per centrum esi , maxima eft : propior^

maxi-
.. 1 nut

V-

'Dfi
 :

r o tr x t> ry l r b. r. 29
m.t mi or rcmotiorein covexumfegmentum maxima ett
mini maimmim ej, prop:or minor remotiore: duaq. utrtnq^
a maxima vel minima fola aquantur. S.p.j.
Elementi panes totidem iunr quot fuerunt 26.C. Se demon,
ftracio limillima.

Exempli primi pars eft,quod

gratia
a dato extra punito per centrupn in
concavu peripheri$ lit maxim^n^m-
pe a o e ea pacer. Nam reltaidilto
piilt in centrum a i. Ik radius in ter-
>

minu e' cra centrum infcriptaH y lunc

maiores dicta mlcripra per7.e.6.R.
Reliquas partes eodem modocon
texes quas tuae diligentia; relinquo.
:

Habuimus rationes reltaru a pun-

ito incerno,& externo inlcripcarum
Eae angulos laciunt cum dia meti o: ra
dns:aut inceT le quorum rationes in-
:

ter fe hic conliderare utile Sc pro-

prium luerit.

29. Angulorum retiarum e diametripunito non cen-

tro at queradiorum,maximns eft retia perpendicularis ad
diametrum : maximo j, propior maior remotiore quater-
:
' n *‘}{ infeript,arum per datum punctum aqualium duarum
& cum radiis &
cum diametro aquantur: btnify utnnj
{
&
d diametro aquidiliant d radiis Jegmentis inferip ta-
rum aqual.bus comprebenji.
Hoc elemento hypoihelium iabricarores nobilifaimam il-
lam aftrorum Iciennam penitus obruerunt: At nos ab exilio in
patriam revocare (latuimus nec ita miferead profthaph^refes
:

plan tarias elfe adringendum ,led domum elle reducendum t

^uo altis etiam luam operam communicare polsu.
Elementi
94 GEOMETRI AE
Elementi igitur partes ordine videbimus prima pars quod :

angulus maximus iit c radio &

perpendiculari ad diametrum
inquapudum datum eft.

Sit diameter e o.ex

i

ejus^ue ptmdo egre-i

diatur perpendicularis
iy. &concurrat ei radi-
us cy. rurlus e punfto i.
cu radio reda faciat an-
gulum u e. Dico angu-
i

lum eyi. clle majorem

angulo u e. Concinue-
i

turenimyi.in merityi.
y
aequalis m per «9. e.du-
i

caturradius em.itaque
peno.e.6.R.anguliady
& m. aequatur, ducatur
& reda u m: erit rurlus o
angulus e u m. aequalis angulo e mu. &
quia u major eft quam i

yi.hoccft im per 26. e. etiam angulus u mi major eritangulo

i u m per »1. e. 6. R. jam ex Arithmetica proportione collige.

Summae ex inaequalibus aiq; aequalibus funt inaequalibus datis

iimiliterinaequaics.
Anguli autem eu i. e m i. hoc eft eyi. funt fummae ex majori
i m u & minori i u m.Sc aequalibus e u m & e m u.Ergo &c.atque

eyi. major quam u e. Er fic de aliis angulis vel proximio-

i

ribus ipfi y. Nam li remoriores (Int minores probabuntur ipfo

angulo ad u.qui & ipfe minor eft angulo ad y. Nec ex altera par-
te infra y.porerit dari major. Sit enim angulus infray compre-
henlus a redis e s radio &
s.dico i &
ipfum efle minorem quam
fit angulus ad y. Ducaturreda sm. erit per 10. e. 6.R. angulus
e s m. angulo e m s aequalis. Et rurlus in triangulo i s m. quiai m
hoceft y i eftmajor quam s per 16. erit etiam angulus i s
i m
major angulo i m s.peru.e.d.R.Hinc per axioma Arithmeticum
concluditur. Reliqua
 R O It TV ND
L I B. I *s
Reliqua inaequalium dc $ qualibus, in$qualibus funt recipro-
ce inaequalia.
Ac anguli e s & c m hoc eft e y i fune reliqui inaequalium ma
i i

joris i s m. minoris m s.deaequalibus e s m.c m s.

i

Ergo &c. nempe es minor quam eyi. i

, Atqilic prima conftarpropofiri pars.

Secunda pars quod propior maximo fic maior remotiore.
Sic enim angulus eyi. pro-
pior maximo remorior vero j
e s i.jam duda y u per 10. e. 6 R. .

Anguli e y u. e u y aequamur.
Continuetur etiam reda s i re-
da i u. quae quia minor eft quam
i
y per 26. e. erit & angulus iuy
angulo u y major per i 11. e. 6.R.
Hinc ica colligitur. Anguli eyi.
e ui.hoceft eii.fuacreiiqui ma
\
^ /
'

joris u y minoris iyu. de ae-

i
«
qualibus eyu.euy. Ergo reci-
proce lunr in$qualcs,ey i major i se minor.
Has parces brevius demonftranc Regiomonranus
eum Nonius: Verum a
, & poft
pofteriori per dodrinam fegmentoium
circularium. Vide EpitomeuRegiomonc. & Anuoratmn... m-
nii ad theoria lolarem Puibachii.
Tertia pars quod quarerni a dua-
bus per diametri
peis aequalibus
henli fine aequales
a.y.o. u.
De oppofiris a.o.& y. u. conflac
per lO.e.fl.R.Nam o e. ea. irem cy.
e u fune xqualesiquia radii.
De angulis aurem o & y. velu'
& a. probatur. Quia enim «quales
A -> .'M d fx f
26 G E O M £ r R T AR
exthefifimtinfcripts squidiflant a centro per 14. e. iraq; per-
pendiculares e m. c n. squales per 2$. e. letant m o. n y aequa-
les -qui a funr dimidia per ip.e.squalium, & radii e o.e y squan-
tur.Quare triangula eo m.eyn 1'unt aequilatera.itaq;per i.e.7.R.
angulus o aequatur angulo y.i u a. Sic de reliquis. &
Quarta: quod quaterni adiftis redlis diametro aequentur
ad ik Nam m figura antecedenre primo anguli verticales uis.
s a. cum p y.o p aequantur. Deinde
i i 1
triangulis e m m i. en i.
qu>a ei squepocelt e n &
in.itemt^*, em. mi per 5. e. 12. R. ablati
quadrata aequalia squalium em. en. de squali ei. relinquunt
quadrata & proinde larcra m i.ui.sqtialia. Suntnraqjjequilate-
Itt triangula, itaq; angulus m e squanir angulo c n. i u s &c. i & i

Quinra:hinon«m crura pr^ter radios, nempefegmenca inlcri-

itarumaltena o i. i y &ui.ia. squanrur. Nam fumms squa-
fium ad squaiia aequantur. Ec o. y lunr fumms ex n y.n» o i i

squalibus & ni. &mi etiam squalibus:ur in prsmiisis mem-

bris eft demonftrarum Conflat tamen 8c per 26.e.hsc par».
Sexta bini squalium diftorunrangulorum o & y.icem a & tt
:

utrinq; a diametro squidiflant. Nam triangula e y. o i e funr i

«quilatera. & ideo anguli yei.oei squantur,atque reliqui ad

duosrcflos e y.p eo. quibus anguli o &y a diametro abfunu
p
Sic &. de angulis u 8c a.
Ex hacautem parte Confe&arium aliquod cft: quo etiam A-
ftxologi hypothetici utuntur.
Iraq;
,
30. Perpendicularis e puntio diametri non centro bi-
fecat angulum tnfcrtptarumper datum puntiu aqualium.
utlim prsrmlTofchemate a p^intto i. erigatur perpendicula-
ris i t.ea bilecabit angulum y i a. Nam e i t-t 1 s anguli squamur:
quia re&i & e i y. s i a squantur.id enim jam demon liratum ell.

Ergo reliqui yit. ria aquanrurquarctorusyiacfl bifrftus.

31. pinguioru retiarum a dato extrapuntiofecantium

£ eriphenas aquales , maximus esi cum retiaper
centrum .*

maximo
 R 0 TV ND /, L I B. A
ximofy propior major remotiore duotfr utrtnfa i maxt-
•

moJiliaquantur.
hoc elementum E-
picyclicn eft Aftrologis.
Efto a dato extra pun-
fto u re Aoe u a. quae cen-
trum cotinuaca tranfiret,
u e. u i lecenc periphe-
rias aequales a e. ei. dico
primo anguHlm a u e elTe
majorem angulo e u i.
Secus enim (i non eft
major Iit aequalis,
qualis, fiant anguli u i r.

ues quoq; aequales. erue

ergo triangula aequian-
gula& per 9.e.7.K.ut us >

idurlicuaadu i. At u a Reliquae par-

major quam ur per 28. e. tes per pr^miil
Ergo & u a majorquam G abfurdi de-
u i. Quod eft contra 28. e. duplionem auc
Ergo angulus i u e non \<pcc^oa\u>s lu-
eft aequalis angulo i u e. fepa-
PotuilTet demonftrari
alio modo (Nam haec Ec perinde eft

vstfoy tjej/ aliquid fivereftaein co

continere videtur)nem- cavum fcecnr,
pc fi angulo e u a porfa- five in conve-
tur aequalis ad retta u e. .enim
res

tum is aequatus conti- &rei demon-

nebitangulum u i e. Er- ftratio eft ea-
eo eft major &proin
a u e cftet major eo-
 ,

c E O
aI M E T R T AE m„
TH. 'FINKII
triae rotvndi,
GEOMEi “

*
X
, Liber. Secvhdvs. ~
> <(&
*
•
Dc lineis circuli tangentibus figillatim «

de coniun&im cum fe cantibus, i

A M
ta.it
i’ '
i' at<$ obliquis. -
trmiw
k »
K \
I re Ita tft perpendicularis extrema diametre:
; ~
tangitpetipherum-.cr centra. ei6.p,j.
Poftulatum hoc elletcx perpendiculi defini-
tione: Nam fi non tangeret, fed magis hacpro*
penderet aut declinaret peripheriam lecarer,
nec enet perpendicularis.tjuod cft contra thefin. JEudidcs ta->
.iiien cogit.
Sit enim perpendicularis ea ex- O'-
tremae diametro a i. Quod fi per-
pendicularis jam r^on cadit extra
circulum, ut aitEuclides ,nec tan-
2»*^ git cadat (ane intra bd punftuni o.

r t
&conneftatur o i. Tumintrian-
uto i o a.duo refti erunt a o qui-
i

k «. S em ex thefi. o a. vero cx io. e. <f.

i

R. At duos effis reftos in triangulo

impofsibile eft per p.e.d.R, Qua-
v' re & im.polsibile eftperpendicu-
larem extrema: diametro periphe-
fiam non tangere.

Converfic demonftratio antecedenri fimillima eft. «

Nam fi a c tangit & tamen non eft perpendicularis dia
ECO.

r tf N
 t

r
JL. R O T~V N~D T, L I B. II.
tro i o u. ducatur a centro o.alia

perpendicularis o e. erit angulus

o e i rcdus,& o i e acutus.
jam quia acutus minor eft redo
erit per u. e. 6. R. larus o i. hoc eft
oy. majus latere o e. pars nempe
coto:quod eftabfurdum.

jpi

2* 'Si rtcl/t eftper centrum & contractum i djt perpen-

di calaris tangenti:& contra. tS.tg.p.i. 4*
Eft econYerfapiaemifsi.Nam reda acentro in contadum vel
cotadu in centrum eftpars diametri. ldeot^ ei tangens eft per-
pendicularis 8cc.
f
'
Hr
/. Panttamcontaftus eft^ao a centroperpendicularis
tangenti incutit„ v*
0 -

Contadus fit vnico pundo:8ca centro incontadureftaeft

perpendicularis tangenthergo illic pundum contadus efle ne-

Tangens eftJingalam ea- ^

dem parte, eid.p.j. ..<
Con/equirurexi.e.&io.e. 2 .R.
Nam perpendicularis eft ex eadem
parte fineularis. Et tangens eft per-' ___
pendi cularis, ut jam patuit. Euclides
proponit : quod nulla reda cadere
pofsit infer peripheriam
*
perpen-
*
& *
dicularem.'
 /
V Jg*
«

># ,\ \ G E 0 ME T R I AE m,.
’ ;
*
,

*<JL Et
/. cingulus conuttw c7i mrrtr quovis acuto rcctili-
neo. eid.p .j. ., -j. r.

v, Angulum concaflut vulgo vocant angulum contingentis:

eum icilicet qui e tangente &
peripheria continetur. Proclo
Sn^eifouJ^tg dicitur cornicularii : quia inftar cornu ex peripheria
•*, o*£«• c 'ii &re£ta efficiatur. is minor Euclidieft quovis acuro re&ilineo.
» -r
'• " ' Nam fi minornonefifet:caderetrcdainter peripheriam tan- &
V.*ti
t», gentem:quae cum tangente reftilineum acutum comprehende-
IT ret^ proinde corniculari ut toto minorem: At pcrV e. hoc fie-
ri nequit.
Sunt qui dehocangulo quxflionem movent: cur fi angulus
• concaftus magnitudo fit, ea dividi nequeat :& cum dividi ne-
* queat angulum htinc magnitudinem eflfe negant. ideoq;femi-
.

circuli angulum refto re&ilineo efie aequalem: imo quorumli-

bet femicirCttiorum angulos aequariwSed Geometria convincit
angulum conta&os efie minoreni acuro reftilineo quovis. Non
tamen propterea minimum pofhuamus. fecari poteft dividi &
&
Geometrici quidem infinice:fed indivifione ad angulum re-
* aHi-neum non pervenietur. Poilulat Euclides in opticis angu-
lum quidem minimum at non geometricum;fcd opticum :i‘ed
g pbylkum. .
tt
cMtactus tn qualibus feripbcrtis funt
dL x^inguid
dtqitales:in*qaalium aute mt ~ '

y<7». y

noris corniculans ett ma\*r. 4 -

ipt; Ha^ct<pctf#«>a-<finfequcnti figu-
'
-s (
ilaris docebit.
y, ^
Jam an gulus icn&ic y
qu|n7ur:^ angulus a e u minor e ft
angplo oeaminoriscirtufi.
QuVd multo fanc mirabifiUs^qui
5. e. & Verum interim Geometria
convincit.
3*? i? 4f : .

s 4

* m
 jr o rr ^ - l '
i b~ r. hr
i dFallituritaquePeietarios qui angulos feirticK«uIorom putae
e(Te aequales. Nam 6 anguli contattuum lunc inxquales: ablati
de re&isreflilineis qui nunc per tangentem & diamerruiri rclin
quunr jnxquales. Excac Peletarii feriptum hac de rprquod per-
legi pocellrnorari etiam ea debent qua? ab alii» ip(i unc oppoli- l

'

ta:& omnia tamen norma Geomciricae*pe»4enda. . ,

7. Si a radio ex data peripheru centro ad datum ex-

tra undam peripbena defertbatar y (ya concarfu data
p
radiify, radio tpji perpendiculari* /n deferiptam conneda -
tureum dido centro reda a dato pando concurfum da- m
ta cr connedentis tanget datam periphenam. 17-p. i.
Sequitur; jm fabrica tangentis & quidem Euclidea hoc ele-
mento expolita, ut data (it peripheria-i u. 8c datum extra pun-
Itum e.aquo ducenda Gt tan
gens.jam radio a e.a datae pe
ripheriae centro ad datu ex-
tra punitum deferibatur pe-
ripheria e o. & fic in delcri-
)ram radio a e. perpendicu-

Jaris i o. qua connexa ad cen

trum per reltam a o. ducatur
e u.Oico duftam e u tangere
datam peripheriam.Nam eft
perpedicularis extrem^ dia-
metro. Sunt enim triangula
e a u.o a i. aequa angulo com
muni xquicruro. itaqj per i.
e. 7 . K. funrsfquilatcra&per
i.e. 7 .R.angulus a u e.angulo

a i o,aequatur:& cum ille ex fabrica reftus Gt: erit etiam anguTui

a u creftm. Quare cum eti in a o incidens «qualiter interjaceat
per lo.e.i.R. eft perpendicularis.
H*c Euclidea eft St Ramea fabrica: & quidem uc apparuit fa-
tis iaboiiofa. Quare faciliorem fic accipe*
7 : i- si
** y ,C E O M E TR T AE
•
i
•
reRa k centro data peripheri* ad datum extru
S. Si
punRum jiat diameter pertpberia : reRa k datopurRotn
&
Rienem data defer:pta tangit datam peripbcriam.
f
Sic Jaca pcripberia ui. & datum extra pundum e. jam a cen-
tro a ducarurreda a e. qua; hatdiamecerdelcribend$pcriphc-
riae e u i. fumpto nempe ejus medio pro centro.
Tum \ dato pundo e duca-
tur re fta in fedionem. eu. dico
redam e u elTe tangentem quae-
fitam. Eft enim perpendicula-
ris ad a a per 15 . e. at u a eft
1 .

diametri datae peripheri* pars.

Quare u e eft perpendicularis
extremae diametro 8c c.
Hanc fabrica efle faciliorem
facile intelligitur collatione.
Nam Euclidca redam a centro
ducit:dercribicpciipheria: per-
pendicularem fabricat: perpendicularis terminum cbnnedit
cupi c^itro:£ daro pundo redam ducit. At haec redam ducitue-
d* ferri'ifl& radio deferibir peripheriam:redam ducit, urere igi-
tur hacftbricajj» fabricanda tangente. Atqjita fecanres habui-
mus & tangentes feorfim lequirur de ftmulutroq; genere :&
:

.quidem proportio effedo utanrefignificara.

0. Si e duabus reRis ad.no extra punRo primafecat tn

concavum, reliqua tangit .oblongum t fecante exterio- &

refetant ufegmento aequatur quadrato tangentis : etf ob-
longum tale aquatur quadrato reliqua : reliqua ipfa tan-
gi r. }6.j7.p.3'
Vogelinus exctfedo caufam cofi^erarnetnpe proportionem
in redis. VCrtim apofteriori per angulos in fedionealternos fc-
cantisSc contiguae. Quare nosEficlidis retinebimus demon-
ftratiunes:5c eticduin ex limili aliquo eifedo deducemus.
- «i- v' '

-
Secans
 R 0 TV ND /, L
Secant igitur rranftt per ccnrrum
aut fecus. Si per centrum tranfituc
hic per u. dico oblongum a e. e o. ae-
quari quadrato tangentis a i.Erit jam
radius u i. perpendicularis tangenti
pera. e. Tum quia eo. eft biflcfta&
continuata: per 7.e.i$.R. oblongum
e a. a o. cum quadraro uo.hoceltui.
aequatur quadrato a u.
Ac quadratum au perf.e.u.R. se-
quaturquadratis ai & 1 u.jam abae-
ualibus oblogo nempe e a.a o. qua-
&
3 rato i u. quadratis a i. i u. rollarur
aequale quadratum i u. Ergoaequabi
Tur oblongum duftum quadrato tan
gentis. Si fecsns non tranfeac cen-
trum uthic in figura.per 12. e. i. inveni-
tur centrum u.tumquc perx.e.u i. tan-
genti eft perpendicularis. Oucantuc
etiam k centro in datum pun&umfit
terminum exterioris fecantis fegmen
tire&aeua.uo & perpendicularis u
bifecans o e per 1?. e.i.
jam per 7.e. ij.R. oblongum a e.ao.
cum quadrato o y aequatur quadrato
a y.Sc urrinque addito communi qua-
draro yu.diftum oblongu cum qua-
dratis o y.y u.hoc eft per 5je.12.R- cum
quadraro o u. aequaturquadraris ay.
y u. id eft quadrato a u:id eftrurfus
quadratis a i &
i u. hoc eft u o.cu i u &

uo fint radii quales, iraq;

f (i ab aequa-
libus oblongo a e.a o. quadraro o u. &
quadraris a i. atq; o u tollatur idem &
e aequale

' .<
 CEO M S T i l AB ' 0*
a |uj1« quadrarum relinque-
tur oblongum di&um aequale
quadraro (angentis, tr tic de
Antecedente condar.
Converla (iinilirer dman-
Aratur in udju ><ft 1 figura.
hdo enim oblongum ea a y
qquale quadraro a i. dico a i tau
gerepertpheriam.Ducaturper
i. c. tangens a o. irem ducantur

a u.Scra Jii u o.u i.Erut iraq; a i.

a o. aequales. Nam oblongum
e a. a y. aequatur quadraro a o.
ex jam dcmondraris & a i. ex
ched. Quare quadrata & proin-
de latera a i. a o. inter fe aequan-
tur. Quare triangula a u. a o u i

7-R angulus *i u. aequatur an-

gulo a o u* At hicreftused.
Nam o^o ed perpendicularis
tangenti per 2. e. Quare & al-
ter, Sc proinde a ed perpendi-
i

Aularis extremae diametro i u. itaqjperi.erangir.

Iraq;
10. Tangent es ab eodem punflo funt aquales.

Nam iplarum quadrara eidem oblongo aequanrur: proinde

funt ipfaipiorumq; tandem latera aeqyalta.Ncc pedunt ede plu
res duabus tangentes xquaics.Ed campam ad £6.p.3.ut& Coa
fe&ariumfequcns. •

Ft
. Oblonga 2 qualibet ex eodem punclofecante
it.
&
cantis exteriore figmento aquantur interfe.
Quiacidem nempe quadrato tangentis a-quantur.
Et
 i

R 0 Tr N T> T,

Etliccc

/
12.
. ...
Datis duabus roZHs alteri continuare tertiam : ut
oblongum ex continuata cr continuatione aquetur qua-
Htc
tum ufd;
^.h< w
di

drato reliqua. laf.p.t.Vitell. **£<>.pnxi-

Haec inventio five cotinuationis fabrica facilis eft.alrera enim

datarum conrinuanda fit diameter peripheria* ex cujus diame- :
p f-ptm —
tri extremitate erigitur perpendicularis aequalis reliquae data- tnpdgn*:

rumrtum continuatio diametri in terminum perpendicularis 5" ,r*T- *•

eft tertia quaefita.
Sint datae redae e o.i a.& fit eo conrinuanda, ir? ur oblongum
i tota continuata & continuatione aequetur quadrato a L
a —
Hinc Rcgiomonranus 45. p.i. dc triangulis Tegmenta
fefta perpendiculari inveftigar. Efto enim triangulum a e
rium.e cujus angulo a defcendar perpendicularis in bafin.

Erit jam angulus ad ba-

fin uterq; acutus autalre-
rurer obtufus.Nam rcftus
e /Te nequit: crus enim i-
pfum citet perpendicula-
ris per 2. ca. e. 8.R.

Quod fi angulus al-

terare r ob tu fu s eft:per-
pendicularis cadit ex-
tra rriaqgulum peri.c.
7.e.8.R. Secus cadit in-
tra peri. c.8.e.8.K
Sed ut ut cadat Tegmenta bafis perpendiculari feda hinc
ducemus.
O I E vertice
I
 1

34 GEOMETRI AE
E vertice anguli ex quo eR perpendicularis radio cruris mi-
noiis d;l'cribaturcircuKis:ut lucra Jio a e circulus ey o r.tum la
tera trianguli continuentur in concavum peripheriae ut iains
&j e in figura fecunda in o.Sittj; perpendicularis a u in bafin da»
tam aut continuaram. Quaeritur fegmcntum u e. Eo enim dato
quaeAioni erit fatisfaftum. Quia itaq; oblongum s i. r aequatur i

oblogo e 1.0 i.eiitper5.e.ii.K.utie adis (icirad o. Hoc cR Erit i

ut balis ad fummam crurum fic crurum differentia ad differen

tiam balis &
dupli tegmenti balis ab angulo , per quem circulus
deferiptus erat , ad perpendicularem ut Ii detur e bafis 21.
. i &
Crusia20.ae12.eritut21ad33.lic7ad11.jam inde bali relinquuc
10. duplum Tegmenti minoris ergo Tegmentum balis data
erit
u e 5. Quod u jam inventus quartus lit major bafi Verbi gratia
i &
£ a Iit 51. a c 25. e i 38. erit o 52. tum perpendicularis cadit ex»
i

&
tra& differentia ut ante balis inventi e A dupla ad u e.quaxe
u e erit 7.
Fiat itaq; eo diameterperiphertae
iou. atque a termino diametri i eri- -
<
gatur perpendicularis ra.dattefqua-
lis.tum continuetur diameter ina. &
quia Ii diametrum u i continuares
non caderet in a,eam cotinuare opor
rer,qu<j continuata in a.incidar.iraq*,
poteris applicare regulam ad a.&
cenrrum &
reftam ducere in con-
cavum peripheri^ a e. cujus fegmen-
tn a o e A tertia quae lita. Nam tum &
data continuanda continuatur: quia
cA diameter :& diametri aequantur.
Supere A jam Geometria circularis
d^ lineis obliquis peripheriis nem»
pe:iisq; Tolis aut cum reftis
tetfcftisfic contiguis.
>
 r o ry n d 7, l i b. ii. &
t’ 13, Sipertjihertafunt interfeciit vel contigna :funt ec-
centricaulU.j^ duobus tantis unciis interjecantur,ha dia-
p
metrosp er conta6ium continuant . j. tf.ro.n.iap.3.
Hscpeneomniapoftulari portent: neq; enim propofitionis
materia potius quam principii eft. Circulos enim fe fecantes
aut conringentes vel extra vel intra di verfa habere centra quis
ert qui dubitat ? Sed demonftrationes Euclides ex impofsibili
lic fe habent. Prima pars de in terfeftis.
Sinr interfeftae dus peripheris i 0.0 e. Quod fi ergo commu-
ne centrum habent:fic
fane a. Erunt itaq; a o.
a e squales, itemque
a o.a i. per i.e.i.&c quia
ea. ai. eidem squan-
tur.inter fe aequantur,
nepe pars toti. Quod
eftabfurdum.
Eadem demonftra-
tio eftdc contiguis ut
in fequenti figura, fi po-
nas commune centrum a.
erit a i. squalis ipfi a o.
quia eidem a e radio s-
quanrur. at hoc eft par-
tem aquare rotirquodab-
furdum eft. Si peripheris
fint foris conriguf res ex-
peditior eft: neq; demon-
ftratione Euclideam me-
'•
ruit.
Quare fi peripheri$ fint
interfeds aut contigua»
funt eccentrics: At?in-
quis ) an non circulo dr-
ft G E 0\M ET R T AB
culum aequalem impouero poflcm & homocuarricum
? an non

hic contiguae pcriplicn* homocentrica: ? Ac inquam hic non

amplius duo circulutcd unu« cft. Nam ( ut Vitellio petit )
cum
plana duo fefe contingunt, unum inde efficitur. Et illud eltargu
mentum generale ,etia Ipccialc Euclidcu ad 4'^P* *•
Tertia parsiinterfedas duas tantum interfecari duobus pun-
•

ftji duplicem in venit apud Euclidem demonftrationem. At p»

tMO . i*nf u
y>iv\'cAo

prima parte hujus elementi facilis cfl ifta. Nam fi pluri-

fterior e
bus duob. punitis interfccantur.interfcdae non funt cccentric^.
Nam invento centro per 12 e. duitae redae in punita feltio-
.

num tres, quia radii unius peripheriae, aequantur: fed ducuntu*

etiam in reliquam peripheriam epunlto intra eam eaedem tres
aequales. Ergo efi ibi reliquae cenrrum per z6.e.i.itaque habenc
interfeltae hae commune cenrrum. At hoc fieri non poreft ut jam
demonltravimus:Ergo neq;pluribus duobus pundis intcrfcdf
duae inrerlecari pofiunr.
Quarta pars duabus propofitionibus ab Euclide proponi-
tur: prim6 ubi raltus intus eft.ur hic fintcentrae&a. dico re-
dam per a & e cadere in contadum u. Demonitratio per impof>
fibile cft. Si enim non cadit in contadum cadat
: in pundum o.
ducatur igitur radius in contadum eu. Hicin triangulo eua
per/.e.<S.R. ue.e a majora funt quam ua.hoc elt quam a o. jam
ablato
 X

fKi >*.**%<

tWaro communi a e.remaneru e major quam eo. Sed u e «qua-

Cure i.quia funt radii ejufdem peripheriae. Ergo &
ei major eft
quam e o par* nempe coro:quod ertabfurdum . idem eritquo-
tunqj continuatio diametrorum cadere dicatur extra coracum*
Si taftut extra fir de
quoeftEucI u.p.j.idem
erir. Nam fi re&a percen
Cra i&e dicatur alioca
dere quam in contaltum
cadat fanein u &
o. jam
fint radii iu.ia.& eo.ea
utrinq; aequales. Sedi a.
e a funt majores quam i e per 7. e. d.R.
Ergo & i u.e o lunt majores quam i e. parte*
nempe roro. Vet
eadem tinea i e majorerit i u. o e tanquam fui* partibus: &ta-
men minor iridem quia aequantur a i. a e majoribus refta i e,
:
Qjiod utrumqjabfurdum cft. ,

Atq; obliquas lineas fiveperiphena* fotas habuimus

fic
: Do
toTcriptis autem &
peripheiii* ratio haecclU

U* Si

i
 v,
GEOMETRI AE' •
•
\
Si inferipta circulis Aqualibusfunt aquales :fecant
tj.
peripb trias aquales er contra aS.29. p. f.
Euclides demoallrac ex p olidiori e fcftoic circuli. Acres de-

monftratione non habet opus : \qapuo <r* conflat, congruant

enim circuli:cum&infcriptx peripherix congruent.
&
Hinclicec ,\t%
V- ^ -
,

//. Jn circulis aqualibus peripberia data unius

aqua-
lem abfctndere alterius .
Haec in Meflanenfi Menelai editione a Maurolycoprima effU
citur:& demonflrabilis propofiriofir.quaeeliexi+.e.poftula-
gratia e circulo io velis ablcindere
tum & fabricae facilis. Vexbi
peripheriam aequalem arcui a e. metire inferiptam a e. illa in x-
qualt peripheria io. fubtendet arcum quxfitum.
Ex elemento autem facilis elTet error li quis conciperet pro-
inferiptaru &
peripheriaru fane gra-
portionem
vis &periculofa.infcriprx circulis xipalibus
squales lecanrpe
ripherias xquales. Verum eft: Ergo major infcripta.fi minor,
li

fecar majorem peripheriam/ecat minorem. Et id totum verum

efl.Ergo inlcriptxperipheriisfimilirer majores, fimiliter mino-
demonftrat Ptole-
res, five proportionales funt.Falfum id eft:ut
maeus. Eum igitur de difproportioneperiphcriarum
fubten- &
farum lib.i.magnf conllruflioms vide ad caput
quod interpreti
p.eft. Videbis illic quod ratio majoris
peripherix ad mi-
norem , majorlit : quam majoris inferi-
,
pix ad minorem.
TH. FINKII
 ,r-

* 0 TV ND I, L t B> UT.

TH, FINKII GEOME»

TRIAE ROTVNDf,
•’ • T *

L i » i *, Tertivs.
m
__
Egmentum circuli eB quod comprehenditur
trinfecus apenph eria inttu a refla.
Geometria circularis (Implcxpofita
iti^ linei s Sccijculi fegmentis
nobis Tu-
ex-

: lineas ha&enus
expedivimus:fequitur circuli Tegmentum, cujus
definitio generalis ad fpecies Euclideas facilius diflinguendum
praemitticur.Re&am intus elTe dicimus non quod unica illa fal-
cem debeat elTe: alias definitio fe&ori non competeret. poteft
enim refta elTe (implex aut duplex.
Segmentum circult eBfeflor aut feflio.
Nomina generis & fpecierum pene eadem fune ac definitio- :

nibus tamen, ut Euclides fecit,diftinguemus.

i. Seflor eBfigmentum circuli intui comprehenfum a
refla duplicifaciente angulum.
Euclides eum faltem vocat fetiorem qui angulum contineat
ad centrumrveru nos generarim fe&orem hic definimus quem
:

poftea diftinguemus ex angulo in eentro in peripheria quos & :

angulos Euclides retinet nec femperfcdlorem vocat fedperi-
:

phrafi angulum in centro dicit: qui eft angulus feftoris

in cen-
tro. ideo &
angulus in peripheria erit angulus feftoris in pe-
fipheria. ^
4. Bajisfeflorit eBperipheria cuiinfiflit.
Exempli gratia fit in circulo refta duplex ad centrum a e.i e*
erit a e i.leftor: cujus bafis eft periphetia
a i. Eodem modo fi coft
currat refta illa duplex in peripheria.

*" '
' •
/ /•
 *
<C i9>4>
M |Jt •

/. K^4ngnUfetiorum circulorum uquuliumfunt ut ba-

fescr contra,
Euclidis
af
.6,26.27.}.}*
fint ut bafe*. inde
33. p. £. generalis eft quod anguli
-

>eciales Iunr2tf.i7.p.j.de squalibus angulis &

balibus: (Sequi*
3cm uirinq; de angulis in centro aut peripheria.

angulis in centro fatis eft induci. Sint enim squale®

anguli in centro a e i &
o uy.per 2.e.7.R.bafes a i.o y erue squa.
les:ideo fecanrperipherias a i.o y squales per i+.e.z.itaqinan-
guli fint insquales peripheris etiam ranro erunt 11 squale*, i

idem erit de angulis in peripheria.Et con.verfa (imiliter patebir.

Si enim bales fint squales, iis fubtenlae squabuntur per 14.. e.z.
. & tum per 1. e. 7. R. anguli aei.ouy squabuntur. &(ic de in.
1 aequalibus bafibus induces. Et fic revera Euclides inducit. Nam
polita propo(itionee6.d.5. aflumptionem de fimili excelTuauc
dcfeftu aifumi t Anulla prscxiftentc demon Aratione.

/• -
«ifU - Itaq;
6 . utfeclor adfeclortfic angulus ad angulu. adjjp.<5%
Sic ut fc habet a e iadouy.ficangulusa ei.adouy.
7. Sellor est in peripheria aut centro.
Euclides habet angulum in centro &
peripheria: illum fedlo»
ariin centro tribuirtergo &hicl'edlori in peripheria tribuetur.
8. Sector in peripheria eft cu)tte rectafacit angulum in
peripheria: in centro , cu)us recta factt angulum in cen-
tro. 9td.j.
utinpraemifsis figuris a s i.o r y funtfedlores in peripheria:
aei &
o a y in centro.SedjinquiSjno omnis fedlor in centro coji
rinetur a redla faciente angulu ad centrtiutfedlor is ea.fegmen-
tumlcilicet reliquum circuli de fcdlore i e a. Fateor quidem Ar-
chimedi Tegmentum hoc dici ledi (irem majoremtverum nos Eu
elidis definitione rerinuimus:& pars ea nter;edl6 radioin duos
1'cdlores fecari poteft:utpoftea fecatur in geodaefia.itaq; mini-
mum ledlorcs in centro rres funr.
9. Si fector in centro in eande haCm infin** rZ fcrtn*.
in peripheria:dngulo
• pherta. 20p.j.
Exempli apud Eu
tlidem varietas tri-
plex eft. primu cum
angulorum diverfa
funt latera ut hic
Angulus e o i.
e a i. bafi coveniant:
‘

dico angulum c a
duplum efte anguli
eoi. ducatur enim
diameter o u. fient
utrinqj triangula x-
quicrura o a e&o a i.
iraque per 10. e. 6. R.
angulus a 0 e. &e
u f 2 aequan-
44 GEOMETRIAE
ae i. & i. jam per x. c. 9. e. 6 R. angulus
quanrur item anguii a o .

ea u sequatur interioribus duobus aequalibus quare anguii ado

duplus efheodem modoangulus u ai aequalium duorum alte-
rius etiam anguli aoi duplus eft.itaq; totus eai. duplus eft to-
jus eoi.
Secundumexemplum ubi angulo- »
rum duo latera ejufdem redae nempe
diametri funr.ut in hac figura angulus
e duplus eftangulio.obeandem cau-
fam. Nam o e. e i. xquantur per x.e.i.
Ergo anguli o. &
i sequantur: l'ed his

lequanturangulusaei. Ergoalcciius
duplus eft.
Tertium exemplum eft ubi angu-
lus in peripheria non continet angu-
lu in centro, ut in adjundo fchemate.
Sirangulus in centroaei. com-
munis bafis cum angulo aoi. dico
angulum a e i cfle duplum ao i. Du
catur enim diameter ueo. Hinc
*ita:Si (it ut totus ad rotum^c abla

rus ad ablatum:eric ut totus ad to-

'

tum lic reliquus ad reliquum.

Atuttotus u eiad totum angu-
lum eo i, lic ablatus aeuadablatu
*c o a. Nam totus u e i. aequatur inte

rioribus e o i. & o i e aequalibus:

quare duplus eft alterius verbi gra
tia anguli e o i.Rurfus ablatus a e u. aequatur angulis eoa. fic
o ae aequalibus. quare duplus eft anguli eo a. Ergo reliquus aei
ad reliquum a o i eft ut tutus adcocum duplus.
k
io. Si anguim tn penpheria sequetur angulo in centro :
eft duplus bafu

. Verita*
 * O T r N D LIS. JJL
T, 49
Veriraa& ratio conle&arii manifeftaeft: Schine pater «qua-
tio angulorum in centro & peripheria.
//. Sedi* efifigmentum arat li int$u comprebevfum

*b una reda, qua bafis fedionu dicitur, jp.d.i.

«hic leftionealunr»

Seftto abfolvitur invento centro. ssp.f.

Abfolvere circuli ie&ionem e Ii datae tc&ionis circulum de_
fcribcre.id fit invento centro. centri inventio expolita cft 12.
27 * Celo
ut eftofe&io a e i. abfolvenda»
Seceturitaq; balis ai.refte &
bifariam.Namrefta bifecans erit
diamererperi2.e.i.pr£tereaa ter
mino balis a.inlcnbatur refta a
«quae etiabileceturrefti:& haec
refta erit dtameter.i taq- concur-
fus y erit centrum circuli per 13,
c. t. quo dato 8c radio noto fe-
flio ablolvitur.
' f 1 Eucli-
 i , *i

46 : G E ,0 M E T R T AE
'
-n Euclidis fabrica paulo alicer Hc. primam diametrum didajara
i>atione ducit, deinde terminum hujus diametri notum, ut exem
pii gratia hic c connedit cum termino bafis a. Quod jam reda
fi

duda cum d i<ftis terminis claudat angulos aequales, hoc cft per
10. e. 6. Tegmentum diametri a pundo bifedionis nempe y e
R.
& bi Tegmen tum bafis ay aequenrur:pundum bifedionis cft ceu
trum abfol vendi circuli per 27.en.Nam ab eodem pundo in pe-
ripheriam tres red$,bifegmenta bafis a y.y i.& Tegmentum dia-
metri y e sequantur. Sin reda duda a e concludat augulos in-
v aequales,hoceftpern.e.6.R. Ti bifegmentum bafis ay &: ey fine
inaequalia: angulum qui cft ad terminum bafis sequat reliquo:
atq-, tum anguli aequati crus inventum concurrit cum diametro

in centro deferibendi circuii.per i6x.f.

, Sed triplici hac methodo non cft opus: generalis e 12. e. t.
fufficit.

//.Peripherta fetiionis bifecatur perpendiculari bife

cante baftn. 3 e p, 3.
utfitl;dio ao e biTecanda.
Bifccetur igitur ba-
fis a e :& ducatur per-
0 '
pendicularis per7.&p.
'e. 5.R. dico a perpendi-
^
culari biTecari periphe-
riain o.Ducanturenim
redae a o. co. erunt tri-
angula aio & oie ae*
qua angulo «quicruro
ad 1. nempe redo. Ergo
per a.e^.R. aequa bafibus a o & o e.quae ideo per i4..e.2.fecanrpe
ripherias a o&oc aequales. r
Angulus in fecitone eH angulus comprehenftud dua-
bus retiis e bajit terminis fibi in peripberia contermi-
nis. S.d.j,

*
 R O TV ND T, L T B. IIT.
ntinfuperiore figura reltae ao. eo i terminis bafis a&e fibi
rii peripheriaad o conterminis comprehendunrangulum in fe-

ftione. Sequitur ratio fetoonis in angulis. £c primo legio-

nis unius.

//. cinguli in eademfefttonefunt aquales. u.p.j.

Efto fe&io a e u o 8c in ea anguli ad a 8c u.
Dice angulos aSc u aequari. Ve-
ritas patet ex ?.e. Nam anguli fe-
morum aequalium circuloiu itaqj
& ejufdem circuli (quo
o^eo f genere ctia Euclides jo.p.j.
utitur) lunt ut bales-: qua hicae-
quanturreft enim rantu una. Qua-
& u aequantur. Et hinc
re anguli a
concludes angulu infeftioneefie
angulum femoris in peripheria;cu
c
jus bafis a bafi fe&ionis fubten-
datur.
Euclides dcmonftratio haec eft,
ex axiomate arithmetico .'proportionalia ad idem aequantur:
At anguli a 8cu funt proportionales ad idem nempe dupli ad
angulum y in centro per p. e.
Ergo anguli a Seu aequantur. At dcmonftratio cantum fpecia-
lis eUe angulorum in majore feftione videtur.
16 Si (inorum angulorum
. m
fecitone vertices conne~
ttantur -.rettangulum crurum fe fecanttum aquatur re-
£langulis crurum reliquorum, cr bafis atque cn une {len-
'
tis. p.c.r.Ptolem.
Efto fim in fedione a e o.duo angulrad e
i &
i.quiconnertan-
rurrefta ei: Scita erit quadriiaterum ac io inferiptum,de quo
Ptolemaeus loquitur.
Dico rcftangulum a i.eo aequari rcftangulo ae.oi &re£hm-
guloao.ei.
Ponatur
4* GEOMETRI AF
Ponitur enim per 5, c.tf.c.j. R. aut
ablbluca fc&ione per $.e.angulo o ei
«qualis a eu.
jam Sjrllogifmus demonftracionis
hicefto.
&
Re&an gula e o.u i e o.a u f quan-
turreftangulis ao.ei.&a e.o i.
Ac reftangulum a i.e o aequatur re-
gangulis e o.u i & e o.a u. per 4.
e.u.R.
Erg6 re&angulum interfe&orum
crurum a i.e o aequatur re&angulis a o.e i.& a e.o i.
Afiump tio probatione alia non eger. Nam re&angula e o.u i
&eo. au iunc e latere uno re&anguli ai.eo& reliqui feemen-
ti s. Ergo tori aequantur. Propoficio igitur demonftranda erit:

Sic ergo:
Bis bina triangula e i Q. e o a.&a e u. o e i funt aequiangula.
illicenim anguli a e o.u «i ex additione aequalis fi ve commu-
nis ueo.ad aequales i eo. aeu ex thefi, aequantur: Anguli vero
ei u. & e o a per j. e. aequantur reliqui ad u
1 : &
a per c.j.e^.R,
erunt aequales.
Hic vero anguli a eu. oei exfabrica,ad a&o exif.e.reliqui
adu Sc i per c.j.e.;.R. aequantur.
Itaque figillatim bina cruribus funt proportionalia perp.e.
7. R. Eritdj illic
utaoaduificeoadei.
Hic veto 8c alterni
ut ac ad au fic eo ad o i.
Itaq; per 5.e.i i.R.illic re&angulum ui.eo reftangulo a o.e i.
hic vero reltangulum a u.e o reftangulo a e. o i aequabitur. Atq;
ita fyllogifmi confiat propofirio.& elementi veritas.
Habuimus itaq; confideracionem folius fc&ionis: plurium ra
tio itidem in angulis j.»m fequitur.

r/. i^fnguU
 4*

R O rV ND I, L I s. III. 4f
t 7> ^dnguli in oppofitis fetlionibus Aquantur duobus
retiis. 22.p.j.
Euclides hic, ut in praemitto elemento Ptolemaeus, itifcripci
quadrilateri meminit. At aptius elementum proponetur ab op.
politis feftionibuj referis nempiinferipta: nihil enim adhuc
deinferiprionefuir.
Sint ergo oppofitae fe&iones
oie &o a e. dico angulos in (e-
ftronibus o a e & o i e. aequari
duobus rettis. Nam aequantur
tribus trianguli eoi. Etenim an-
gulus i primo fibi ipfi aequatur,
deinde e a o. aequatur angulis
o e i.Sc e o i fuis nempe partibus,
quiaoai aequaturangulooei.de
t a i aequatur angulo e o i per if.e.
At trianguli tres anguli perp.e.d.R.aequanturduobus reftis.
i S. yyinguh in oppofitis fetlionibus Aquantur alternis

angulisfecantisdr contigua. ftf.J.

Euclides &
cum eo alii nonnulli elementum hoc dodrinx
Cujuldamfcftionis nempe femicircnlipoftponunr. At ego me-
mor quos mihi in fyntaxi hac cancellos circumdederim, quod
fe ftionis erat in genere,praemittere volui.
Sint ergo oppoflrae fe&iones a
eio. &e a o tangens vero uey.
Dico angulum o a e aquari an-
gulo o ey.& angulum o i e aequa-
rianguTo o e u. Quod fi e anon fit
diameter, fiat fane diameter ob
demoftrationem manebit enim
.

angulorum in feftione «qualitas

per 15. e. jam quod ad primam
1
xquationem attinet tres anguli
g acu.
V
 /# GEOMETRIAE
atu.ae o.o c y ctquantur duobus re Ais per i. c. 8.C.5.R. Ar duo-
bus reftis aequantur etiam anguli e a o.a o e. a e o. per j>.e.6.R.
jam ab aequalibus his auferantur primo communis a e o deinde
rcfti(qui etiam aequales funtj a e u.ex thefi.quia u ey tangens
eftj&a o e reftus per 15.6.1. & S.e.j.R. relinquentur ergo aequales
cao.o ey.Deinde quod ad alteram aequationem: anguli ad a 8c
, i aequantur duobus reftis per 17. e.

Ar duobus reAis etiam aequantur anguli O e u. o ey peri. c.,8.

e. 5. R. ablatis ergo aequalibus angulo a &
o e y relinquuntur
aequales ad i.& anguloso eu. ,

Hinc Euclidi fequunrur duae propofitiones mechanicae live

problcmaticaerqua: nobis hinc lunt conleftaria fpecialia.
It.ad;

ip. Si ad terminum data recta aquetur angulus retti-

Uneus dato , & ab aquati vertice perpendicularis reliquo
lateri concurrat cum perpendiculari a medio data: concur
fus erit centrum circuli per aquatum angulum deferipttjn
cu)us oppofita feclionc fuper datam angulus aquabitur
dato, e ap.}.
Efto re Aa e& datus angulus a. jam fit deferibendus circulus
i

icr anguium dato aequalem utfupcrreAam conftituatur ango- a

{us dato aequalis in feftione;quod Euclides propoluit.

t
 .

K0 rT L T V. IIT. St
Fiat icaq; ad terminum e angulus o e y aequalis dato : &
a ver-
tice e item medio. datae re&aey concurrant duj perpendiculares
eu.yuinu. Dico ibi c/Te cencrum circuli per verticem aequati
anguli Jdelcribcndi atque angulum in oppofitafcftioneeui.
:

nempe c s aequari datb.itaq; fi angulus datus re&us fit data, re-

i

ftaeft diamccerrirculi oprari:& proinde centrum datur. in acu-*

to angulo &obtufo dcmonftrabitur fimul.
Concurfus diametrorum habet centrum.
At concurfus di&arum perpendicularium eft concurfus dia-
metrorum. Nam perpendicularis a vertice anguli eft diameter
per 2.e.2.item perpendicularis a medio bafis per 12. e. t. Ergo con
curfus perpendicularium erit centrum.
De angulo in feftionc fimili argumento in triplici angulorum
genere concludes. Naro angulus in leftione oppofita sequatur
angulo oey per i8.e.Arangulusoey aequatur daco. Quare hinc
licecfuper datam reftam leflionem dckribere, qu* capiat
an-
gulum reftilincum aequalem daro.
Er
20. Si angulusfecant is contigua xquetitr dato angit-
0 lo rettdineo: angulus in opp fita fetlione eidem pariter
0
aquabitur, fj.p.j.
Euclides proponina da*o circulo fecare feftionem
quf angu-
lum contineat aequalem dato angulo rettilineo.
Fabrica araqj hujus in di
fto elemento expofira eft.
Sit datus angulus a.& 'cir-
culus e o. Secanda jam Iit
i

oprara feftio. Ducaf itaqj

atjipumftu e rangensyeu. j i
jam epun&o c refta facftns angufum oeu aequalem dato
fecac
fsftionem e o qu* continear angulu o i e
1
aqualem o e u:per 18
e.hoc eitangulo dato.Ratio fflfeionis ita
eft:hmilitudo lequitur
21 ^fidtoitcs capiunt angulos
x \ aquales funt (inities,
:

e.io.d.}

A' * Euclides
. g
 •

GEOMETRI AE
Euclides definitionem hinc io. fecit vel n.ut Comandini fere
exemplar.Sed non tam definitio eft quam e definitione generali
fimilium figurarum confedarium.
ut hic a ei. au y. «

Hinc peripheriarum &

bafiu conlequitur propor-
tio, ut Pappus ait 13. tne.f..
Iib. Et triangula inferipta
l*
quia funt aequiangula ex
thcfi } erunt etiam fimiIia.per$>.e.7.R.
22. Stfeclioncs fimilesfunt in Aquali bafi :funt aqua-
les. 13.24.}.).
Euclides hinc fecit duas propofitiones : diligentius tamen
examinatae in idem recidunt. Nam prior negans in affirmatam
mutata idem enunciat quod fequens affirmata. Demonftratio
eft perabfurdu.Nam fi no funt aequales in aequalifive cade bali:
Sint inaequales u t feft io a i e a o e. &
Itaque anguli ai e.ao e per 21. e. 0
funt aequales. At per 4. c.j>. e.tf.R.
eft major angulo a o e.
angulus a i e
Quare no poliunt e fle feftiones in-
aequales fi fimiles fintineadebafi.
Rurfus fint feftiones fimiles ina*
aequalibus bafibus a o e &a i e. Dico efTe aequales.
Id Euclidi demonftranirper eiy.ic abfurdum.

a c
Nam
 «

R O TV N D I, L I B. III. f?
Namaefibicongruunr.Seftioautemfeifhoni etiam cogruer.
Secus inrus cadet aut extra, aut partim extra partim intr*.
At hoc eftcotra primam partem, quia fe&iones fimilesinea-
dem bafi(qualis hic per t^ccpiJtiaiy eft)non eficn t requales prae-
.

terea circulus circulum fecaret in pluribus pungis quamduo-

bus.nempe in terminis bafis& loco aliquo in peripheria ubi ca
dic extra:at hoc heri nequit per ij.e.2.
21. Angulus fettionis cB qui comprehenditur a ter*
minisfe Bionis. 7-d.}.
Sic in prsmifsis fchematis angulus o a e.& o e a feftionis an-
gulus dicicur:comprehenfus fciCcet a peripheria bali. &
T H. FINKI
TRIAE ROTVNDI,
I GEOMEs
, » w -
x*
L 1 1 E X (^.V A R T V S.

De cruribus anguli in femicirculo.

Eftto ejlfemicirculus aut insqualisfemicirculo.
2. Semicirculus eBfeftto dimidia circuli.
Itaqj
3- Semicirculus comprehenditur aperipheria
& diametro. rS.d.j. e

Sic ayi vel aeicftfemi-

circulus.nempe dimidia fe-
ftio circuli. comprehendi- o
cur autem ii diametro pe-& a
ripheria.; quia circulus non
diametro bifecarur.
xii fi

oyueft major feftio,

o e u eliminor feftio.

s
H GEOMETRI AE >

4. K^fngulus in femtcirculo rectus dl,femicirculi mi -

no{ recto rechlineo,ma)or quovis acuto: maiorefe£lto- m
ne ett minor refto,ma\oru major:in minore ma)or>mmoru
» minor, eji. t6.p.}.
j \ , .
j A

Elementi partes funtfeptem. prima angulum in femicirculo

eflereplum, ut hic angulum a e -.patetpcrij. c.i. Namae.ic 1

«diametri terminis libi contcr-

minantur in peripheria. Ergo
per 15. e. 1. funt inter fe reAae: &
proinde per 8 e. 3 R. angulus. .

acieAreAus. '

a
PorcrirSt hocmodo demon-
Arari di milio radio e o. quia a o.
& o caequantUr:angul i a o e. Si oea xquanrurper lo.e. 6 . R. eo-
demquemodo oei Sc oie. Quare totus a e i tcquaturduobus
e a i.&c;e i a. At fi angulus trianguli aquatur reliquis reAus eAper
’
I.C.3.C.8.R.
AriAoteles hanc Geomerriam in organo logico philofo- &
phia comprehendens angulum in lemicirculo reAum dicit:
propterea quod fit dimidius duorum reAorum:nempeangu»
lusaeieft reAus, quia e A dimidius duorii ad o qui aequatur duo»
bus reAis.vcl fi,a e cotinuetunfiunt re Ai duo ergo unus eorum :

dimidius.
Secunda pars,qyod angulus femicirculi fit minor rcAo re-
Ailineo: pater ex eo quod fit pars rcAireAilinci: qui fit e tan-
gente &: diametro.
Tertia: quod fit ma;or quovis acuto parer per4.-e.2.ftcus fi
non erit lingularis eade parte ^fed cadcc
rion eft major:tangefts
quaedam inter circumfcrenuamSc tangentem quae faciat an gu»
lum acutum ma/orem. At hoc fieri nequit.
Quarta angulum in majore feAione elTe
minorem reAo pa
ter.uthicangulum aie. Nam in triangulo faltem
pote A efle re
-
. Aus
 J >
R O
J ’ I*
tV .
rf
•-
D r,
•»* «»•
L
«.I» *
ftu s unus. Quare cu ea i.

tanquam in femicirculo
fit reftus.a i e erit re&o
minor.Et fi crus neutrum
firper centrum: conftirui
tamen poteftangu!us,cu
jus crus fit diameter .-an-
gulus rame aqualis, nem-
p'e in eadem legione.
Quinta , angulum ma-
joris fcftionis i a e efie
majore re£to pater, quia
reftum reftilineum con-
tinet qui eft ad a in trian-
gulo a e. i

Sexta fic pater: angu-

lus in minore fettione eoa eft major re &o quia cum angulo
:

in oppofita majori fettione a i e aequatur duobus reftis per 17. e.

At angulus a i e eft minor uno refto. Quare angulus eoa eft ma-
jor refto.
Seprima.angulus minoris fe&ionis o a e eft minorrefto: quia
eftreftipars. quemadmodum patcrfi protrahatur larus ai. fiec
angulus exterior eas reftus per ry.e. i.& 8.e.5.R. & hic angulum
minoris feftionis continet.
Arq; haec Geometria eft angulorum feftionum circularium,
ubi lingularis &
mirifica patet peripheriae natura. Daturin cir-
culo major reftoidatur minor reflo illic in majori hic in minori
feftione. Ecquidigitur negabis (inquiunt qui femicirculi an-
gulum reftilineo rcfto aequalem volunt)in aequali feftione qu*
eft inter majorem &
minorem etiam angulum jntermajorem &
minorem nempe reltum dari. Curhi, inquam, ricgarrcm ? an tu
contentum continenti aequale facies, partem Icilicectoti ?an
non reftum reftilineum efle didicifti diametri & tangentis ? rt*r-
fus an non inter diametrum & tangentem peripherialecatan-
Ss C E 0 M E 7 R I AE
gulo* duos ?horum ne alterum uc parem facias lumen na-
coti
turas inficumdocuit?at(inquis)inter tangentem &peripheriam
nihil incercipirurmulla interjacet magnitudo. Cur id non pro*
bas?an non fupralib. a. te docui interjacere magnitudinem 8c
quidem infiniti dividuam?an non l$x %txo<ny documentum mt«
thematicum hac in re tibi propofui ? Sed vide quid tibi lar-
giar: petis angulum femicirculiefTereftum: quod fi nihil aliud
peris: dabo tibi.Nam reftus eft in fuo genere:8c fic efti in fphs-
i

ra dicuntur, & medius inter majorem & minorem fuigeneric

eihfic perpendiculum fic angulus reftus generarim definiun-
tur. Ac ideo reftum red lineum efie contendis ? aut re&o falcem
reftilineo squalem ? id tibi non darur cur non detur inrellexi-
:

fti.At nec id tibi concedi poceft angulos femicirculorum efie li-

bi squales: fed Geometria nobis imperat ut insquales Aatua-
mus.Si enim de squalibus exempli gratia rcftisretticruris tol-
lantur insquales anguli tangentium &peripheriarum insqua-
lium, relinquuntur anguli femicirculorum insquales. At(in-
quis)quis tibi dedit angulos illos cotattuum in peripheriis in-
squalibus efie insquales :id, inquam t \<pi^uo<rtt Geometrica
6.c. i. me docuit.
Videatur itaqj fane res mira dari majus, dari minus,& dari id
:

inter quod squale: squale tamen non dari: vera tamen interim
habeatur: verum, inquam.ftaruamus rettum re ftilineum angu-
lo femicirculi majorem . Sic mira eft res in ratione inferiptarum
dari rationem squalitacis,rationem insqualitatis ucriu(q;:non
tamen dari proportionem, interim veram tamen Pcolemsus
convincit.
Sed ad opes anguli noftri in femicirculo revertamur qusqoc
„ inde oriantur videamus.
Itaq;

f. Si dua retta diametro circuli contermina contermi-

nentur in pcriphtria.comprehendunt angulum rettum .
FiCt enim angulus in femicirculo :& angulus in femicirculo
xeftusefL Hinc Vogelinusa.p.a.fuiclementalis quxrit cen-
trum
 ~ * O TV ND /i L I B. II IL /7
erum circuli. Nam inferibit in
circulum datum duas inferipras
inter fe redas:quae crura redi iunr.ea connexi t bafi redi:qu? eft
diametenin cujus medio ceutrum eft. Atq* fic quartam habe-
mus cencri inventionem.
Et
6. Si duarum redarum majiorfiat diameter circuli , mi
norq{ ma)ori contermina &
tn[cripta connedatur: major
pluepoterit quam minor quadrato conedentit, ad ij .p ,10.
Lemma duplex afiumitur ad 14.pjo.in tras latione Comman
dini: datis duabis redis invenire quantum majorfitpotentior
minore:& quae pofsit utramq;. At inteiledo primo iccuudum
ex e. non eritobfcurum.
Eftofint duae redae ac& ai. quaeritur quantum major pofsk
plus quam minor.Re- a- e
fpoderur hoc elemen ; a-
to. Fiatitaq; majorae
diameter circuli a : &
termino diamecri in-
lcribatur a i. coneda-
turqj cu reliquo dia.
metri termino e. dico a e plus poflequam a i potentia ei. Nam
triangulum a i e fit rcdangulum per4.e. Ergo per j.e.iz.R.bafis
a e aeque poteft cruribus:proindccj; plus potert quam a quadra i

to e i. Atq; hinc licet trium ejufmodi redarum datis duabus ter-

tiam invenire.Et fic Ptolemaeus 9 .c.i.data diametro inferipta, &
reliqui arcus ad lemipcripheriam chordam inveftigar. Exempli
gratia fi a e major efl*et xo.a ivero itf.porentiaa e eft^oo.poten-
tia veroai cft 156. Ergo potentia ei eft 144.
ejuscfc latus nempe
reda e i erit ix. u
•
/
Et
7, Si reda continuata e duabus redisjiat diameter cir-

culi perpendicularis a pundo continuationis in pertphe-

:
riam eritproportionalis inter datas, rj.p.d.
h Ex
1
// GEOMETRI AE
Ex iis quxftionibus quae Mathematicos veteres-valdeexer-
cuerunnnon poftrema l-uit ea quae de cubi clt duplicatione.Eam-
ad rem eandem ab Hippocrate chio e mercatore Mathematico
MclolaWum inventum tota pofteritas approbavit. ArMelola-
biuin illud inventio erat duarum mediarum continue propor-
tionalium cujus ufus ad quaelibet corpora optata limiiia fabri-
:

canda podea tradu&us cft. Quare & ratio inventa eil deicriben-
di Sc fabricandi fupcrficics. ljm^cs & id quidem per unam me-
:

diam: cujus fabrica etiam Mefolabium dici pollet aut Mefo-

graphus. Fabrica autem ethefauris anguli in femicirculo de-
promitur. Sint enim duaercftae ae & ei. quibus invenienda (it
media proportionalis- ^ *'
'**l

Continuenruritaq;in unam
rcftam e cotinuata a fiat dia-
: i

meter circuli o a.e punfto coi*

i

tinuationis c erigatur perpen-

dicularis e o.in peripnertam:
dico ut aeeft adeo.ficelTeeo
-

adei.Nam perpendicularis in triangulo ab angulo refto inba-

fin eft proportionalis inter tegmenta bafisi.c.4.e.8.R. Ateoeft
perpendicularis in triangulo ab angulo refto, quia iemicirculi,
m bafin.
Hinc trium harum re&arum datis duabus in numeris tertia
invenietur ex doftrina continua? proportionis inventionis &
laceris quadrari.ut fi v erbi graria a e eller 14.. &e i elTet 6. erit e 6
ii.Nam24per6faciri4.4.cujuslatusefti2. Sicli detur ie 6. 8c
e .o iz.;am multiplica 11 per te,fa&um 144. diu de in 6. quotus 24
i

elUongitudoae. Itaqj hinc licet

8. Rettiltneo conii nuere * quale quadratum. 14.
f. 2*

Nam datum re&ilineum auroblongum eftaur triangulum &

afias triangularum.Si oblongi latera conrinuara fiant diameter:
& puntfto item erigatur perpendicularis : ea erit
proportionalis
inter.
 '

K 0 TV KD h L I B, Jllh fh
inter latera oblongi. itaqj per^.. e.
».R* larus quadrati aequalis dato
oblongo, ut ii fit oblogum decem-
pcdale:cujus latera fint pedum io.
&i.tum larus pedum io continue-
rurcum latere pedis unius: propor
rionalis media ericlacus. ut in ad:
junfta figura.

5 'rteum P r ® tcr oblongum dernr aliud: oblongo «qua-

Si re i,
rinccefTe cft pert.&c z.c.io.e.io.K.Tum oblongo
aequato tequa-
lequadratumjdatoreftilineo aquabitur, ut fi triangulo
a. velia
conltituerc quadratu ae-
y
quale, per i.c. io.e. io.R.
fiatoblongum ei o u ae-
quale dato triangulo,
jam latera e i. i o nant dia
meter, erit iy latus qua-
drati quxfiti.
Campanus addit ra- .

tionemfecandidataruqi .
*
majore utinterfegmen-
ta minor fit propoitionalis : at fabrica ell fpecialis.nam qiianri.
tas minoris determinaturae fcilicet major fit quam dimidia
ma
jous. Fabrica fic cft.

Et
p. Si duarum rei7arum maior minimum dupla mino-
nsjiat diameter cir ctiii, minor extrema diametro perpen
eucularis conneclat ur cum peripherta per rcitam diame-
tro parallelam t re£la a connexione in
diametrum perpen-
dicularis fecat fcgmenta quibus
proportionaliter minor
tntcnacet.
Eflo refla major a i minor i e
quae a*
fummum dimidia Gtmajom.Nftmfi i- -e
x major

i» - (
io
' >' GEOMETRI AE
major fit vtrbi gratia fubfefquialtera ab ejus termino diametro
parallela nunquam cum peripheria concurret cum ; radio peri-

pherice major fit. 22?*

jam fit ita majorfecan
da ut inter fegmenra mi-
nor fit ^portionalis me-
dia. fiat itaq; major dia-
meter, a<^ termino eju«
i.minorerigatur perpen
dicularis, atq-, terminua - ,

econne&arurcumperiphenaperre&am eo diametro paralle-

perpendicularis.jamper
lam, tum i termino connexionis o.fir
proportionalis inter
7. e. o y hoc eft per j.c.u.e. 5 R. data e eft i

a y. y i. fegmenra
majoris. Hinc licet reftangul um, cujus latera
rcftangulum i te-
Conditiones elementi adraitean^ita fecare ut
gmentis certis mijoris, aequetur qua draco minoris. Quaeret
neceflaria fsepe eft in dividundo
agro rcOangulo aut fimilite
inter haeredes. , . . . , .

to. Perpendicularis apuncto btfetlionis peripheria crm

ris anguli in fenu circulo in diametrum fecatJegmentum ,

dimidium differentia reliqui cruris drdiametrt.p .c.i.PtoL

in femicirculo e ai.atqji punfto bifeftionis pe-
Efto angulus
ai defeendat peipendicularis o u.duo fegmentum
dia-
ripheri*
metri u i effe dimidium
diffe-

jentix reliqui cruris ea

e y8c diametri, hoc
midiumreftayi.
Ducantur enim a 0,0 1,0 y,
e. jam quia in triangulis
o
aeo,oey.aneuliad e aequa-
les funt ex tnefi
5. e. 3.& & e
aequi cruri: aequabitur bafis
a o bafi o y per
z.e.z-R-fed a o ex rhefi & i4.e.i.$quatur refta o u
ttgo triangulum y o i aequicrurum eft in bafi :& proinde per
" * i.e.7.R.
 R OT V N D I, L l B. IJ II. it
1. e. 7. R. perpendicularis oubifecatbafiny i. Quod fi jam ei fit
ao.ai vero ttf.erir ae proinde u i 4.
iz.fic

Itaq;
//. Si radius btfecet crm anguli infemictrculo :fegmeu-

tum radit inter centrum &

crus didunt eff dimidium re*
liqui cruris. 4. th.i Copern.
.

Edo rurfus in femicirculo angulus eai. atq;crus ai bifecetur

i radio so inm. dico Tegmentum im ede dimidiam ipfius ae,
ponatur enim e y aequalis
r edae e a. jam haec ut de-
mondracio. Reda u s ed
dimidia redae a e.
Nam ea aequatur redis
e s,s y ex thel» , hoc ed i s,
s y.atqui
y u, i u aequantur,
quare addito comuni sy.
erit s u item s cum i u fe-
y
mifsis i s &s y hoc ed a e.
At s m aequaturipfisu.Namtringula otu, is m cumredos
habeant ad u&m &angulum s communem erunraequiangu-
Ia:& per p.e.7.R.cu si aequetur ip(i lo&tu aequabitur ipG sm.
Ergo smed dimidia redae ea.
Copernicus facilius fiedemondrar. Quia duo triangula a e i,
smi luntaequiangula. anguli enima&m redi Tuntillic quia in
femicirculo hic ex thefi.fic angulus i comunis.Ergo ut a i dupla
ed ipfius mi fic&a e dupla ed redae s m. I

Adtf.epropofitafuit ratio inveniendae inferiptae peripheri*

reliquae ad femipheriam dara diametro &infcripta: idem hinc
poJiumus praedare. Nam datur s i radius &m
i dimidia inferi-

pta.Ergo per 5.e.ii.R. Dabitur s m. atqj hujus duplum latus a e.

atqj hic calculus ed facilior:quanto facilius pauciores numeros
uam plurcs numeramus. ut fi exemplum ejus loci repetatur fit
3 iameterzo erit radius 10. inferipta ai id.eritm 8. jam potentia i

radiiminus poteria mi erit x 6 cujus latuaedtf.nempesm.ergo

critca.1*. h 3 Et
fi > C £ D M E T K I JE
Etlicec in numeris
12. Inter punflum bififttonis & terminum diametri
inferiptam invenire.
Hoc Ptolemaeo eft propofitum : dara inferipra alicujus arcu*
& diametro nota inferiptam arcus dimidii inveftigarc. Hinc
:

Theoni theorema bdf« dicitur.

Irtventio autem eft e proportione continua,docenre propor-

tionem i.c.4„e.8.R. Quia enim in praemifTo fchemare angnlu*
eoieftredus,&ou perpendicularis: eritut ei ad o i. fico ad i

ui.jamdctur ei 20.& ui 4.. erit inde faltus8o. cujos latus eric

8-j-fvel p pro o i.
Planus crurum dnfemicirculo angulorumje fecan -
/ }.

ttumplano relic/uorum crurum minutust ett planus diame

trunjirtptxfy inter angulorum vertices. t
Efto fim in lemicirculo 1 - .. x*

eai,e o i. anguli. Erir per itf.

e.g.Redangulum e o,a i ae-
qual e reda ngulis oi,ac &
e i, a o. Ergo ex proprietate
numerationis primae pla-
nus e a, o fubtradus de
i

num e i,a o. r
Iraq; hinc licet
Datis ab eodem diametri nota termino mferiptit
i4‘
r inaqualiumarcuumdnfcrtptam inter terminos datarum
V reperire.
HocTheoni eft theorema kaG v7rtpoyM(/. Eftolir diameter ei
ao.infcripta o i 12. &a i 16. quae rirur inferipra a o.per 6. e. aut ii.e.
invenietureo id.a e 12. Hincplanus e o,a eft 25d.planus ea,o i i

eft 14.4.. jam minore de majore ablato relinquitur planus e i, ao

m.Eo igiturdivifo in e i 20. quotus j-f eft pro inferiptaa o.
 r o tv n r> rt c ii*rr. *)
Et
*V*
'
'

Dat ii dturti m p
if.
y -J T
'VI
enpheria rum injcnpth coAtermi- \
v

nisfummx pertpheriarumi infcrtptay» invenire.

HocTheoni cft theorema crt/Ktfto-if/.Sint arcuum conter-

minorum a e, e nnfcriprs a e 5-J-e 12. quasritur infcripta a i. Hic

i

quia datur a e 5-f dabit ur per Nuperiora e o ip-f-. Rurfus quia da-
turei iz.dabitur etia i u
1 6. jam (i de plano eo,

iu tollas planum ei &

ou.hoceftae.qautrafcji
eftreftaeeo cotinuario
in diamerru :hoceftde
307-f- tollas 6 /-\- relin-
quitur planus diametri
eu, io. quare daturprae
prajmilium i o 11. jam
nota io cum diametro
a o ao.perd. e. autir.e/
dabitur a i id. infcripta
quaefira. i ,:i

Atque Ptolemaeo, quae debere ipG volvi, exoivi: referen*

fic

iplius theoremata de fubtenfis:& ad fuum locum uc puto refe-

rens. Hipparchus de lubtenlis fcripfilfe refertur libros u.Mene-
laus,quem vulgo Arabum interpretes Mileum vocat, de iifdem
libros fex confecerat.At Ptolemaeus Hipparchi 12.& 6 Menelai .

quinq; theoremacis contraxit.Tantum in eo, hoc quidem in lo-

co, brevitatis tuilfe Rudium videmus. Brevitas h|c tam grata ac-
ciditiut a polleris Ptolcmaica theoremata retenta fuerint. Reti-
nuit Purb a chius: retinuit Cope r ni cus jn. opere fuo mirando: re-
tinuere alii.Et nos retinere voluimus ob pleniorem textus Pto-
lemaici inrelledtum: qui miferi hodie i lcholis, fuperioribus
samen annis avide receptus, exdufus videtur.
TH. FINKT1
 *
rr
I

y*s
• *r J-
*%• •i

ii
. v.
(4 * GEO METRI AE
J*’> V TH. FINKII GBOME*
TRIAE ROTVNDI,

FV
-
L i i u Q^viNTr*.
De famdrcuf i finibus, ungentibus,
fecamibus.
V «
.»> 1

[
Nfemicirculo confideranturfinus & his conne-
xa refla.
Paulatim jam accedimus propius adfubtilif-
limam menfuram, quae vulgo per finus fieri di-
Eam nos ex femicirculo de-
citur aut lubtenfas.
ducere voluimus quia in eo primi) relidet non tam dodrina fi-
:

nuum quam his connexarum redarum: quae menfuram illam

4 1 tandem perficient.
I
k *^
j.
2 Sinus ctt reti* d termino periphena perpendicu
.

r*
- * *• Uris.
Sinus vocabulum infracfignificationeefl Arabicum :& ideo
barbarum attamen multorum feculorum confenfu in arte re-
:

tentum fuit.EIt enim gratifsima in Mathematicis concinna ora-

k. .

tionis brevitas. Er Armoteles topico &

capite x. res nominibus
6?-* tritis Scufitaris appellandas cenler. Neque commodum ma-
V
aut magis Latinum vocabulum habemus. Nam quod qui-
is

5am Ptolemaeum imitati femilfem fubtenfae dicunt:id, praeter-

quam quod periphrafticum aclongum (it, parum accurate dici
riderur.non enim omni finui haec tribui poteft appellatio.
). Similsumperipheriarum finus radiis fu orum circu-
umfunt d/rcileproportionales.
lor
enim limiles arcus e i.s y eorumq; linus i o,y r.& o e,r s.
Sint
Erit ut u y ad a hoc eft u s ad a e radius nempe ad radium fic
i

yradio itera rs ad oe«

Prima

/
 .

R 0 TV ND I, LIS. V <s

1
Prima pars paret ex p.e.^.R. Sunt enim triangula yru &ioa
squiangula cum anguli ad r & o per 2 .e. redi, fine aequales per
:

c.8.e.;.K.& anguli ad a&u funr aequales. Namdu&is ip&yq.

anguli ad p &
q.aequancurex chefi &
n.ej.fed horum aqualium
dupli funr anguli ada&u.Ergb aequales. Er per c.j.e^.R.anguli
ad i
&
y. aequantur. Quare di&a triangula cruribus funtpropor-
tioniita.
Secunda pars fimiliter condat ex axiomate illo arithmetico:
ut totus ad cocum fic ablatus ad ablacum:erit ut totus ad ro-
fi fit

tum fic reliquus ad reliquum.

Hic autem eft ut totus su ad totum ea fic ablatus ur ad abla-
tum a o.Ergo ut u s ad a e fic reliquus r s ad reliquum o e.
Iraq;
4. Peripheriarum Jitnilium Jinusfunt dirctt}propor-
tionales.
Sintinpraemifsis figuris arcus in,ytirem ei,sy fimiles eo-
rum^finusim.hocedperd.e.io.R.oa&ynhoceft ru itemio
&yr.Eritutoaadru.ficoiadyr. Nam
utoaadruficiaadyu.
ut iaadyuficioadry. Ergo ex aequatione rationum, ut o a
adf uficioadry.
i Eodem

'
Google
i
 geometriae
Eodem modo in finibus diftorum arcuum o e, s r, & m n, ne
veritas patet fimili fyllogifmo. N
Er
f. ut fintu adfinum , fic peripheria ad fimilem peri-
pheriam.
Exempli gratia in fchemace praemitto eft ut y radi o fic y a ad
|e. Nam
utyrad oi ficuyadai.
utu y ad a fic tora peripheria t s q ad totam n cp per 8 .e
i
*.

uttota adtotam ficysadieex chefi.

Efg6 ex xcjuatione rationum
utyradoificysadie.
6. Sinusprimus cil autfecundus.
Sinum recentiores pene omnes fecant in reftum acverfum:
reftum demum in primum aut fecundum. At diftributio illa pa-
rum videtur logica. Nam & finus verfua eft perpendicularis &
reftus.jam vero philofopho in topicis diftributio ea vitiofa eft,

vbi partes conveniant.

7 . Sintuprimus eft ftntu in diametrum per reliquum
arcus terminum duttam .
Siaus generatim fuit definitus perpendicularis \ termino
pew

ripheriae:
 T

R 0 TV Nn I, L I B. r. 6
ripheriae:inprimo autem dimirtirureoufq; perpendicularis ,uc
cadat in diametrum du tiam per alterum terminum peripheriae.
Sic arcus yu (inus primus eft perpendicularis a termino uno
verbi gratia u in diametrum iy dutiam per ai/erum terminum
datae peripheriae . Sic arcus u e fimis primus eft retia u t. ita
arcus oyfinus primus eft retia os. Arquehicfinus iemperin-
quando finus fimpliciter vocatur £t nos hanc lyncc-
telligi tur :

dochen ob bre vitatem deinceps retinebimus.

Itaq;
/. Sinus peripheria,eft finus reliqua adjemipheriam .

Theon. u.c.t.Pcol.
u e nempe ut eft etiam finus
Sic in praemifla figura finus arcus
arcas uy a reliqui ad femiperipheriam. patet ex definitione fi-
nus.Nam ut eft perpendicularis ab uno termino in diametrum
per reliquum terminum dutiam.
Atqjhinceftquod vulgo dicunt eundem finum elfe duorum
arcuum:unius quidem quadrantis peripheria minoris, alterius
vero majojis. Quae res in calculo faepe imperitis imponicut an-
guium inveniant acutum ubi obrufus eft.

Radius aqtte poteft finibus peripheria dr comple-

menti. t.p.Regio definib. /

Sequitur deinceps comparatio finuum cum radio & inferi-

ptis:& primo ratio aequalitatis in potentiae finuum & radii com
paratione.Complementum dati arcus vocaturipfius & periphe
riae quadrantis differentia. Exempli gratia, arcus y u eft comple-

mentum arcus u e, item arcus u a. quia eft differentia ye & di-

tiorum arcuum. Sit jam finus arcus u e retia u t. &
complementi
uy finus fit retia us. Dico radium iuaequepnffe finibus u s,
u t.'per 5. e. 12. R. Nam triangulum u s i eft retiangulum.
Ergo i u aeque, poteft cruribus u s &
s i hoc eft, per 2. c.tf.e. 10.
R. u t. Hinc jam dato radio cum finu peripheriae datur finus
i s con.«
H G E O M E T R I AE
complemenri.ucG detur ut 8. & radius fit io. erit potentia radii
loo.potentiaverout 6 4.. Ergo hac ab illa fubdufta potentia u s
relinquetur jd.cujus larus tf.eft ipfe finus u s.
Sinus complementi vulgd dicitur finus reatus fecundus ar-
cus cujus eft complementum, verum &
intelligentermagis di-
citur complementi finus:& in bonis authoribus finus comple-
menti dicitur.Sequitur ratio inaequalitatis cum inlcriptis.
io. Sinus eft*dimidius inferipta arcus dupli.

ut in hac figura us
eft dimidius oufub-
tendentis peripheria
u y o. duplam peri-
pheriae u y cujus fi-

nus eftrefta us.Nam

radius i
y re£te fecac /
inferipta ou per 7.e. I-

Erg6perij>.e. ubife- L
cat.elt itaq;u s dimi- a i t
dius ipfiusou.fcd& arcus oyu eft duplus arcua yu. quia bife-
carurinyperij.e.j. 0 s

Ex hoc elemento vulgo definiunt finum chordam (fic appel-

lantinfcriptam)dimidiatam: &elegantioris literaturae ftudiofi
femiftemfubrendentis duplum arcum appellant. Verum cum
haec appellatio cuidam tantum finui nempe primo competat:8c
ver6 cum de rebus convenit, ut Cicero monet, in verborum ufu
facilesnos cfie oporteat :qus caufa eft recedendi inomine fi-
nus haftenus retento.
Atqj-hinc patet quomodo Ptolemaicadeinfcriptis ad finus,
&contrafintaccommodanda. Nam finus dimidiati arcus dati
duplicatus eft chorda feu fubtenfa dati arcus : &
inferipta dupli
arcus dimidiata eft finus dati arcus.
Itaqi
/• j-
//. Inferipta peripheria poteU quadruplum fnus d*~.

midia*
Hoc
 &

R o T V N D r, L / B. V. fifi
Hoc conlcftario uticur Regiomontanus 2.p.de finibtiSjUbi fi-
num quaerit vigefimxquarrae partis pcripheriae graduflm nem-
pe 15. Veritas autem confe&ariiparecper7.e.i2.R.
Efto enim inferipra o u.dico eam pofle quadruplum u s. Nam
eft b ferta ad s per to.e.&y u eft dimidia peripheria
i
rotius o y u.
iraqj o u poreft quadruplum dimidii per7.e.i2.R. Sequitur ra-
tio inaequalitatis Tegmentorum diametri.
12. Sintis a terminis aqualium arcuum fecant
fegmen-
tum diametri maj uspropius centro.
d.p.Reg.de Sinib.
Extat propofitio haec etiam in commentariis Theonis I.2.
apud Iordanum 2.p.de ponderibusjubi ejus ufus cofpici poteft.
Sint aequales peripheriae i u &
us.a quorum terminis fint finus
i o,u
y & s r. Dico fegmentu dia-
metri oyelTe majus legmero yr.
Ducantur enim radii in u & s.an-
uli i ou & u o s per e. 5. 3. aequa-
f untur: & durta s per i 2. e. 7. R.
0
rertae i 1 & aequantur.
1 s Quare V t

i m erit major quam ms. Sedfirquoq;(inus6t.j4mquia mjeft

parallelaipfi i t per 12.0.5. R. Erirper i$.e.5.R.
ut im ad m s fic t j
ad js.hoc eftoyadyr.
At i m eft maior quam m s.Quare & o y major quam yr.
Sequitur jam comparatio finuum cum inferiptis inqualita.
te nempe proportio.
i}- Si radiusfecet inferiptam in fcmicirculo
fegmenta
finibus conterminorum arcuum mter radium
& inferi*
*. ptamfunt directeproportionalia. ti.c.i.Ptolem.
Dicimus inferiptam inlemiarculofivebafisfichoceftdiame
ter.fivc alia quaecunq-PtoIcmaeus
tamen baGn excIudit:poftu-
lat enim arcus inter terminos
infcriptae,& diametri conjunrtim
nunores femiperipheria:verum hoc fecit propter finem
&ufurn
quem hinc haurire voluit nempe difcrctioncm periphcriai in
duas optatas. r

» 3 S:t
y» GEOMETRI AE
Sit iraq; in fcripra ai eam^j fecetradius u y c.Sintq; arcuum i e
&aefinusip&as.
Dico a y eflfead as
uteft yi adip. Quia
enim ip &s afunrpa
per iz. e. 5. R.
rallelae
angulus enim ad p
&sre£tuseft:eritper
14. e. 5. R.utipadiy
fic s a ad a y.quare alterne & in verft.
14. Si a termiro diametri continuata reEla fecetperi-
phcnamfmus apunttisfeSitonum retia ducia crexteriore
c)uifegmento dtreftefuntproportionales. 11. c. 1. Ptol.
Elto enim diameter o e continuata in punitum a. atq; a pun-
ito a relta fece t peri pheriam in u & & a punitis feltionum fine
i.

finusuy,ir. Dico efie finii

i r ad dulta i a ut eft finus

u y ad exterius fegmen-
mm u a.
Demonftratio eade eft
cum praecedente.Nam re-
Itae a i &
a r fune imerfelt;
parallelis u y, i r periz.e.
5.R. Ergofegmcntacon-
terminis parallelis funt proportionalia per 14.. e. y.R.
Atq;ita comparatio fuit finuum interfe &
cum infcriptis fu- :

pereft finuum cum peripheriis ratio una.

1$. Si finsssperipheriarum quadrantisperipheria mino
rumfunt aejuales:peripheriaJunt aejuales:(jr contra.
Elementi veritas h 10. e. &
14.e-z.elt mamfefta.ut enim illic in-
feri ptae aequales fecabat peripherias aequales:fic hic femifies in-
ferip tarumTiabent femilTes peripheriarum aequales. itaqj ut illic
erat ratio {qualitatis etiam inde inaequalitatis cofequebatur: ita
&hic.
 X

R O T V N D L T 8. V.T, yr
& hic.Sed id tamen notari oportet peripherias quadrantis pert-
pheriaminores hicpoftulari. Secus •biufopfxfix gravis fuerit:
de qua etiam ad 8 e dixi. cum idemfinus peripheriarumduarum
.

flc.Eft itaqj fpeciale elementum finuum primorum . Nam finus

fecundi arcuum habent arcus aequales. nec requiritur hic ut ar-
cus fit quadrantis peripheria minor.
/ 6. Sintis fecundus eftfinus ab arcus termino in finum
primum.
Sinus fecundus vulgo verfus finus dicitur a nonnullis aurho
:

ribus nefeio q ua fimi Ii tudine fagi rta: de finiti poteftlegmentum

diametri ab arcus termino ad finum primu perpendiculare: quo
tamen verboru cu
mulo no cfl opus.
Nafi finus eft: coi*
ftatadPfitperpen-
dicuiaris:etfiihfi-
num primu cadic
non pot fieri quin
fit fegmetumdia-
metri. Sicperiphe
riaeyu finus fecun
dus eftrcfta y s a termino in finu primum u s perpendicularis.
y
Sic finus fecundus arcus u e eft rc&a et. arcus uyaeftrcfta ait.
ra<
,. i l?
/ 7. Radius aquaturftnui complementiperipheria qua-
drantisperipheria minoris
&
futuifecundo.
ut 'n praemiifa figura radius i e^quarurfinuii tcoplemenri pe
.
ripheriae u e. &
finui fecundo te nempe dilfce pertpheriae u e.
Hinc facile dati arcus datur finus fecundus. Nam fi fit arcus uy
finus nempe i t <S. 8c radius lo.erit t e. .. fimis fecundus arcus u e.
4
Er
rt. Sinus fecundus peripheria quadrantis peripheria

&
majoris aquatur radio fui complementi nui. f
Efto arcus uy a ejusc^ complementum uy.ericac finus fccon
dus

v
 & £

7i GEO METRI AE
dus dati arcua aequalis a i radio, & i r finui complementi. Quare
lumma e radio & fiuu c6plcmenti,eft difts peripheriae linus fe-
cundus . ut radius fit io linus t 6. erit at 16. pro finu fecundo
i

optato.Sequitur comparatio alia limium inter fe cum infcripra*

rp. Sintu primus & fieundus pojfunt inferiptam fit
pertpberia.
Supra dixi inferiptam poffe quadruplum finus peripheri* di
midis.jamdoceturinvcntio potentiae inferiptae arcus: Ec fic
Regiomontanus quaerit, ut in fubjefta fi- jr

gura ducatur inferipta u e. per j.e. iz. R.

fi

u t &t e poterunt inferiptam u e.Verbi gra

tia fi fit ut 8. te 4. potentis 64. & 16.

hoc eft 80 erunt quadratum inferipts: cu-
jus quarta pars 20 per 11. e. eft potentia fi-
nu s lemilsis peripneris ue ergo finus fe-
mifsis ditts erit 4-y-.

20. Sintu peripheria in quadrante eft medius propor-

tionalis interfimtradtumcr fimum fecundum peripheria,
dupla. j.p.Rcg.de Sinib.
Efto data peripheria e m ad quam dupla fir eu. fitej^finus ar-
cus u e re£ta u r,peripheris v ero e m fitrefta e s. Dico femiftem
a e hoc eft radii eilc ad es. ut es eftad et finum fecundum peri-
pheris dupls.
Sunt enim triangula a s e &
u t e. aequiangula ob reftosad
s &[.communem ad e. erit ergo per p.e.7. R. ut a e radius ad in-
feriptam u e. hoc eft femiradius ad femilTcm inferipts nempe
ades, ut es ad et.
Hinc Regiomontanus inveftigat finus dimidiarum periphe-
riarum. ut verbi gratia fiqusreretur es. daretur autem ut8.de
a t 4 erit t e d. radius a e 10. jam
ut 5 ad s e.fic s e ad 6 . quare faftus af perd.nempe 20 erit
etiam faftus ab es per fe. Ergo ejus latus erit j-rV» pro finu es
decus dimidii ad datum e u.
• Sed

s
 •

t 0 r V N t> r, L T B. V .
7*
Sed cognita proportione elementum ad plures poteft ufus
erant Ferri.
Atque haftenus finus expedivimus JiipereftutadreOashis
connexas defccndamua.
21. Refla finibus connexa cB tangensperipberia aut
eamfecans.
Propofuimus ut in circulo infcripras,fic in femicirculo finus
perpendendos fed & reflas finibus connexas. Eas plenioris in-
tclle&us caufa in tangentes &
fccantes disiocamus. Verbia fi,
hac in re non nova,novis:tamen ut fperamus accommodatis.
22. Tangens eH i terminopertphena alieroperpendi-
cularis in radium extra per reliquum terminum conti
nuatum.
Efto peripheriaae.fit^*, ab ejus termino a perpendicularis ai
terminata in radio oe continuato in i. per reliquum datae Deri-
pheriaeterminum.erit A
r* ’

a i tangens datae peri-

pherice. Sic vocare pia
cuit quia fit perpendi-
cularis extremae dia-
metro. hoc dato per
s.e.a erit tangens :i taq;
Geometria ipfa com-
modum fuppeditavit
nomen nec : aliunde
adferri comodius po-
terit. Nam quod qui-
dam numerum fcecundum redam ai vocant, id ii

modo defendanrmihi non probabunt. Dimui.mjuiu p C i» in-

fimo illi artifici Regiomontano homini Germano: qui primus
hujus vocabuli author dicitur: damus etiam aliquid receptae
confuerudini. Verum id non facile damus ut verba ea in u ru re-
tineamus quibus elegantiora, breviora, fignificantiora, veriora
habeamus.
k Rh:ticus
 +

m '
GEOMETRI AE"
Rhericus in rabula a fe edita, & rriartgdlorum canone non fan
tum redbm a i fed & linuin modo balin trianguli modo carhe*-
tum& perpendiculum^ ppoliri anguli ratione v dea r. Quae fi ra-

tiocommutationis verborum ejufdem lineae cui placear per

me cerre licer.inrerim rame fi balin ille vocet ego legitime per-
pendiculum vocare poiTum.quia (i bafi reda elt perpendicularis
Sebalis erit eidem rt&ae perpendicularis. Sed de nominibusii-
ligare nolumus. Quae nobis bona Rhericus communicavit, gra-'
to animo agnofcimus,agnofcentaIii.Sequirurrangenrium com
paratio cum (inibus:primd ratio.
2j. Tangensfemifuperipheria quadratis, radio aqua
tur.maj oris radio ma)or eil, minoris minor.
Sit euim arcus a e lemifsis peripheriae quadrantis :aolitma-
jor.aiminor.lint^jfingulorum tangenresa t.ar.ap.
Dicor a e(Te aequale radio:&r a majorem, p a minorem.Narn
quia triangula t y a, e y m funt aequian
gula ob redtos duos Se communead
yeritperj>.e.7.R.ymidmefic yfra-
dius ad a t.lcd y ni aequatur reft? m e.
Nam ex thefi arcus a e eft femifm to-
tis 4 u.E rgo linus u e redta y aequa- m
tur finui e a qui elt e per m e. i <;

Reliqug partes hinc lequutur.Nam

ra tangens arcus majoris femiflepe-
ripheriae quadrantis, elt major quam
ta.at ta elt aequalis radio, ita p a elt
minor quam t a hoc eftradius.unde
proportio lequitur.

24. Sinus peripheria eUad finum complemenn} ut ra-

dius aq tangentem drfh complementis
Elemento hoc Erafmus Kheinholdus in tabulis fuis diredtio—
aura canoncm foecundu e canone linuuirf coponit praecepto 8-
 9 0 TV ND I,
Sitinfubjefta figu
jra peripheriasquide

yehnusou.firqjco-
plemerum ea cujus
unus eu. fitque ran-
gens coplcmenri ia.
Quia triagula aequi-
angulaerirut ou ad
ue oa radius ad
fic
ai. Ec hincinteliigi
poteft tangente pe-
ripheriae competere
etiam reliqua» adfe-
—
miperipheriam. «
— w w "
2 f. Radius eft medius proportionalis inter tangentes
peripheria &
complementi
Sitperipheria ai ejusquecom
dementum i o.*ficqj tangens il-

fic a e hic vero o u.jam quia duo

triangula y o u,eay funtreftan-
gula &
angulus y e a angulo uy o
«queturper n.e. 5 .R. erunt f qui-
angula.itaq;per9.e.7.R. utaead
ay radium licyo radios ad ou. ^ M
2 6. Tangentesperipheriarum tangentibus
complemev
torumfunt reciproceproportionales,
Efto fint peripheria: a e & ai
earumque complementa oe.oi.
finttjue earum tangentes ay,au,
o s,q y. Dico jam a u eflc ad a
y
eft o y ad o s.Nam perpraeminum
elementum eft
«t au ad radium ficrad. ad
oc ay ad radium fic rad.ad
6 y
! '
*
- J lr
4
yg geometri ae
o s sequatur plano radii item<|ue planus a y,
Itaq; planus a u,
o y plano radii per 4.e.u.R. Ergo planus a u,o s aequatur plano
ay.oy. Quare per i4.e.»o vel j.e.u.R.urau ad a y“ c °y a<* oa *
Atqj uc do&rinam tangentis psripheriae expedivimus.
27. Secans eft radiusper terminum periphena in tan»
gentem continna tus cum continuatione.
Sic peripheriae a e fecans eftoe i.nempe radius o e continua-
tu» in terminum tangentis e. cum continuatione e i. Et hoc no-
me huic reftf accom ^ ww*. **

roodatum putamus.
.. - joachimus Rheti-
cus hypotenufam tri
anguli re&anguli vo
cac refpe&u anguli
re&i ad a cui fubten-
ditur. Veru cum refe-
raturnon ad angu-
lum reltum,fed an-
gulum in centro ad
o hoc eft arcum a e:
•n non potius arcus o u a
fecans dicatur quam refti anguli hypotenufa judicent alii.
MaurolycuscanonemRherici pauI 6 muratum in Mefianenfi
Menelai editione, nomine etiam mntato ediditr&beneficum
vocavit :tanquam refta oi feu numerus hanc definiens benefi-
cus diceretur. At re £U o i non magis eft benefica, quam relta ai
foe eunda.
Sequitur comparatio fecantium cum finibus, &
cum tangen-
tibus.& quidem comparatio cum finibus priori loco: &
propor
rio.Nam ratio fecantium ad radium, ad finus eft inaequalitatis,
& quidem majoris:quam determinare non fuerit nece/Tunw»
2I. Radius eft medius Proportionalis interJinum peri-
fheria &fecantcm complementi.
h.
Hoc
 R o T r N
D r, L I B. V. <
77
Hoc etiam elementum Er.Rheinholdieft in tabulis direQio-
num praecepto 8 Efto in praemiflo fchemare arcus dati a e finus
.

e Ujfecans o i.dico eflc ut o u linum complementi dat$ pcriphe-

riae ad o a radium fic o e radium ad o i.Sunt enim triangula i o a,

t o u aequiangula.ideoq; per j>.e.7.R.cruribus proportionalia.

29 Secantes peripheriarum finibus complementorum
funt reciprociproportionales»
Sint enim in fubjclta figura datae peripheriae a e,ao: quarum
complementa fint eu,ou.jam fint datarum
peripheriarum fecantes yt,yr. complemen-
torum vero finus y m,y s. Dico effe yrad y t
ut efty m ad y s.Nam per z 8 .e.
ut y r ad radium ficrad.ad y s.
ut y t ad radium fic rad.ad y m.
m
Quare planus y r,y s item y t,y figillatim
sequatur plano radii per 4.e.n. R. Ergo & in-
ter fe : eritque per i+.e.io.R.uc y r ad y t fic ym s tnn
ady s. Sequitur deinceps comparatio fecan-
tis cum tangence.& primo ratio aequalitatis.
;o. Secansperipherici aquatur tangenti & data &fi.
mifis complementi.
Sitperipheria data a e.femifsis<fc com-
plementi ejus a m.jam fit fecans datae ry.
rangens ejufdem y a.femifsis coplemen-
ti^a n.hoc eft tangens datae &
fcmifsis
coplementifityn.Dicoyr& yn aequari.
Elemenri veritas patet e 10. e. 6. R. Nam
angulusrny&yrnaequantur. Etenim.
Reliqua aequalium de aequalibus
quantur.
At anguli rny &
yrn funt reliqui ae-
qualium i re &arn ex thefi (uterq;enim
1

Iu b tenditur a fcmilTe complementi datae

^ 3 peripherii
 <

V
7* G E O M E T R I AE
periphcriae.icac]; per 5.e.j.Tunt
xquales)func reliqui,inquatn, ae-
qualium de aequalibus i rn&ray quia hi re&i fune. Quod autem
angulus arn deangulo ray relinquat angulum rna patet pec
2.0.9. e. 5 . II. Reftusenim aequatur duobus oppofitis interiori»
bus.Ergo minutus altero interiorum.ell reliquus.
Ergo difti anguli fune aequales: proinde a lateribus aequali-
bus lubtenfi.
ji. Secans pertpheri.e , auadrantis peripheria femijfe
minoris , cum tangente e) ufdem aquatur tangenti data Je-
tnijfefui complementi auclx ,
Sit data peripheria a u minor
femifTe peripheria quadrantis : c-
ius complementum uo. cujus
fit

femifsis fit e u. jam fit tangens da-

tae a s fecans r s. ac arcus a e tan-
gens fi t a y. Dico r s, sa aequari re-
ftae ay.Vis veritatis iu coconfillit,
utmonftrctur aequaliras rs&sy.
Nam a s per fe fibi sequatur, pec
12. c. 5. R. itaq; o r e hoc eft ex tnefi
yrs aequaturangulo rys. Qjiare
per io.c. 6 R. rs sy sequantur.
. &
Sequitur ratio inaequalitatis te- - a
gmentorum tangentis oc fecantis.

19 * 'Sificxntcs per terminos xqualiurtt peripheriarum

fecent t angent emfumma aqualium figmentum tangentis
t rfecanttum extra penpheriam propius extrema diame-
*
tro minus esi remotiore.
Sinti» praemifTa figufa aquales peripheriae a u,u e. Sitc^ tan-
gens lummas aequaliunTnempe au ereftaay&per terminos ae-
qualium fecent tangentem fccantcs r s,ry. Erit Tegmentum sa
minus Tegmento s y.& u s minus quam e y. De Tegmentis tan-
gentis conftac. Quia tenim ea peripheria biTccaturin u perrs
. . 8cangu-
btdqil
 K o 'rVfr D /, L r n. K
& angulus y r a erit bifeflus per 5.e.j.ica<]; per n.c.6, R.ut ra ad
ryficasadsy.
Verum raeftminorquamryper ti.e.6 R. ‘

De lecantibus facilis res eft;rs minor eft quam ry perii. e.

d.R.auieratur aequalis radius:u s minor quam e relinquetur.
y
*
x haqi r' •

}f Sifiecant es ficent e tangentefcgmentdaqualia

:fi*
gruentumpenpheriapropim extrema diametro remotiore
ma)usett.
Hoc elemento Euclides in opticis utitur4& 7the0r.ad.de-
mon Hiationem inaequalitatis rerum vifiirumquoad vifum: qu^
aequales tamen exiftunr.fcft aurem manifefta veritas £pr$ceden
ce. Ponatur enim in praemilTo figura Tegmentum as
aequale Te-
gmento s y.Dico peripheriam a u efie majbremperiphctia u e.
Nam peripheri* a u,u c non funt in^quales:fecantes per ea-
fi

rum terminos fecabunt legmenta a s,sy inaequalia.perja.e.

AtBieex thcfi non fecahr inaequalia. Quare funtinaequales»
Et a u major eft quam u e.Si enim eiret aequalis
ro magis minorra s eflet minor quam s
fi
& proinde mul-
y.
At non eft minor ex thefi. poflet inftitui alia demonftrario fi
centro a.ra dio rs delcriberetur perinh ttiaifieret Teflor major ad
extremam diametrutmminor qui eflfccremociot t (inde angulus
s r arnajor concluderetur augulo
y r sper d.e. hinc per 5. e. 3.
penphem a u major quam u e. Alio adhuc modo fcholiaftes Eu
elidis opticus demonftrat. Dudta enim refla ex
quae parallela s
m ad r a, facit angulum cum r s aqualem angulo s
r a per a.e^.R.
Er cum ille majorfit angulo r s per it.e.tf.K. angulus
y s r a etiam
eodem ma j o, erit.itaqj&au major quam u«. Quemadmodum
illic videri poterir.
Expedivimus itaqj doflrinam circularem eam quein lineis
fuit atq; Tegmentis. \r .
„
TH. FJNK1I
 :

- *u

* GEOMETRI AE
TH. FINKII GEOME-
,
1
triae ROTVNDI, •.«, »
#T

L I I I 1 SlXTVf.
De adfanpdone circuli & trianguli
Eometria circularisfimplex expedita eff ^equi-
tur co')untta in adfcrtptionc circuli retttlwei. &
Geometriam circularem nobit duplice pro*
iofuimu s:(implicem quidem folius circuli cum
filia lineis& Tegmentis : conjunftam vero in ad*
feriptione circuli & reftilinei ponimus. Cognitionem rc&ili-
neorume Geometria vel Euclidis vel Rami huc adferri nccefle
cft:nos ea faltem docebimus quae circulum attingunt.
3. Si r e Eli lineum adicriptum circula eH a quHat erum

v.4iiip<niu> uuc 4 u i), p. 4* proponit. Ventas autem docenda

erit & in infcriptoSccircumfcripto. Tot enim IpeciesadTcri*
prionis Tunt R. pri-
io. e. i.

mo i tam de inferipto. id Ii
triangulum eft per a.c. io.

e.6.R.eft aequiangulii.De
triangulato itaque res de-
monftranda : ut hic d inferi
ptseou &
sy fint aequales
fubtendent peripherias ae-
quales per i4.e. x. jam fi ae-
qualibus o u Sc s y addas
aequale nempe peripheria
o i e s. fummae u o i e s &
Tunt aeauales. Ergo
y•ci o
per j.e.3. angulus uys an-
 O i V T /, Kt
L I B. VT, St
gulo yuo eft aequalis. Eodemcj; modo reliqui anguli aequales
probabunrur.De circumfcripto etiam patet fi intelligas circum,
tcriprum circulum.perpendicuiares enim k centro a. in latera cir
cum feri pti cum radiis facient utrinr^ triangula aquilateraper
f.e.ia.R.& per i.e. 7 .R.aquiangula. Quod Ii ergo anguli a radiis
& circumkripti lateribus aquantur toti a lateribus compre.
henfi aquabuntur.
Si rcftilincumadjcriptum circulo eft aquilatcrum:
aquatur triangulo actualis bafts quidem en metro ,aUitu-
p
ainu aut emperpeudiculari a centro in latut.
Sit inlcrip tum triangulum icemd; Quadratum»

Dico triangulo huic aquari triangulum /cujus bafi* Iit conti,

ouata i tribus lateribus, altitudo ht perpendicularis i
centro
communi reftilinei & ad feri pti circuli. Veritas eft mani ferta ex
i. c. 6. e. 7. R. Nam li ii centro ducantur radii tres in angulos dati
trianguli fienttria triangula qua funt aquealra.
Altitudo enim
eft perpendicularis a vertice in bafin hoc eft i centro
in latus ea :

autem hic eft aequalis per 23.e-1.in tribus triangulisdEt in

aquali
fune bafi nempe latere trianguli aquihreri.jam quia
triangulum
ibafi perimetro, altitudine perpendiculari a centro in
larus eft
aquealtum triangulis tribus ,& balin habet bafibus horum
' J aqualem
 » n •
\

gi GEO M^TKIAE
squalem nempe ex iis compofitam:xquatur uniuerfis squali- :

bus dato triangulo.

Eodem modo in quadraro res paret. Nam duitis diagoniia fi-
unt quatuor triangula xquealta aequalia dato. at his quatuor,
xquealtum& squale bafibus triangulum c perimetro quadrati
& perpendiculari dilta xquatur.Et lic de quolibet rcltilineo or-
dinaro induces.
Itaq »
4. Planus eperpendicularis e centro in latus &perime-
dimidium ejl area reftilinet ordinati.
tri altero per rclicfMi
Haec geodxlia re&lmei ordinari communis eft. Ac in trian-
gulo expeditior eft 4..C.6 c.io.R.aut 9. e. 12. Quadrari quoq; com
pendiofiortf.e.n.R.Quarefupcreftufus hujus clementi in mult-
angulis ordinatis reliquis. Veritas autem in promptu eft.Nam
triangulum squalis , altitudinis cum perpendiculari a centro in
latus, bafis perimerro squalis,xquarur dato multangulo. _
At area trianguli eft planus bafis &
lemitsis altitudinis aucal-
tirudinis&femifsis bafis per 4-.c.<S.c.io.R.6c6.n.R.
Efto quinquangulum ordi-
natum, cujus perimeterfit 60.
erit latus 12. Sitq; perpendicu-
laris aeentro in larus 8.Quxri-
tur area quinquanguli. planus
C30 &8. eft 240. pro quxfita
area . Vel planus e 60 per 4 eft
»40.rurfus pro area optata.
Efto rurlus lexangulum cu- :

ius latus fit pedum 8, per- &

endicularis a centco in latus
S r<S-rr-
Planus ergo a 64-f per 24 eft «^-p-j-.per area.
At dices unde Icis perpendicularem clle in quinquangulo
:

dato pedum 8 in fexangulo pedum 6-pp.

k4inquam,hic dati oportet; alias patebit inventio ejus i ra-
dio

'
••
1 *
i
 (

R O TV N /, LIS. VI. S?
dio circum feri pri circuli
&femilTe lateris multan-
guli, in triangulo re&an-
guIo.Nam quadratum fe-
mifsis lateris de quadra-
to radii relinquit quadra-
tum perpendicularis per
5»e. iz. R. ut melius intel-
ligctur ad do&rinam cir-
cufcripcionis circuli. Nos
hic cum matre filiam con
jungere maluimus: quam t
incerpoficis aliis fejugere.
Sunt qui geod^fia pro-
ponunt Ipecialem: Verbi gratia Cardanus in praftica fua arith-
metica dicit, eUcjquadratum laceris quinquanguli ad aream
ejus, ut z, 939 ad 5,056. Quod veruinnon eft: Nam (i fit ut z,
939
ad 5,0 56 fic quadratum laceris ad aream:erit ut z,p39 ad 5,056 fic
*++ a d Z48l'erc.aream nempe quinquanguli. Quae certe magna
^tv/W£^/xeft.pro 240 allumere pedes quadratos z 4.8. Qiiodf
fiejufmodi fpeciales fuiu confticuendae geodaefiae: ex inventa
area, 5c latere menlurae quinto majoris tanto ad hanc rem me.
lioris:termini rarioriis minimi potentias lateris ad aream confti
tui dcbcnc:& camen nullius elTe momenti deprehendes in no- .

ftro exemplo area eft 240. quadratum lateris »44. Horum maxi-
mi menfura communis elt 48.Ergo 240. & 144, in terminis mjl
nimis proportionalibus lunt 5. ad 3. Quare urjad 5 ficquadra-
tum Ureris qUinquanguli ad arejim. Verum elt in hoc exem-
plo. Ac fit latus qiunquanguliio.eritperpendicularispedum
•
.. 8
I 9 1 I i>

'laio o
•
jam planus e 50 femifsis perimetri & perpendiculari eft 688.
^

& parum ultra pro area quinquanguli.Sed fi terminos primi no-

ftri exempli teneas erirutjad 5 fic 400, quadratum lateris ad
: - H
666 pro area. En novam in primo exemplo ter-
* i ^ t - mini ia

Jr t
U GEOMETRI AE »

mini hi erant rationis quadrati laceris ad aream:atinhoc vide*

quantum aberrent. Hinc ergo judicium facere poteris: quid de
Specialibus ejufmodi non tam Cardani quam aliorum glodae-
ilis Iit fentiendum.
Hic merito fibi oprafTct tantum quotannis agri quantum
*l*vfojfecQitt illa periret.
Geodxlia generalis vera,& facilis elLEa igitur teneatur.
/. Reftilineaft milia circulis mfcrtpta funt ut a diame-
tris quadrata. i.p.12.
Euclides de polygonis feu multangulis proponit, de fpecie
fcilicet quod erat generis.Elementum vero hinc patet quod pia
na fimilia habeant duplicatam rationem homologorum late-
rum per i.c.tf.R. Eft autem duplicare rationem homologorum
laterum quadrare diametros.
P jam vero ininfcriptisreftilineis diametri funt homologa la-
tera aut homologis lateribus proportionales.ut patet prim 6 in
triangulis.Ea fint reftangula aut obliquangula. Sinr ergo re&an
gulaaei,o uy.quia itaque ae &
ou funt diametri per 4.e.4..res
crocinus patet: funt enim diametri homologa lacera ipforum

criangir-
 R O TV ND I, L l B. V /. Sf
triangulorum. Sed fine jam obliquangula s c,y r u. diametri
i

erunt homologis lateribus proportionales nempe lateribus e i,

u y ut jam patuit : &
ideo ut diametri a e, o u. Si rriangulata fint,
in fuarefolventur triangula pen.e.io.R.&res patebit fimiliier.

4. Si fit ut diameter circuli ad latus retlilinei inferipti,

Jic diameter fecundi circuli ad latus fecundi retlilinei in-
fcnptifnangulafy inferiptorum fmgularia fimilia fimili-
terfyfttaxreflihnea inferifta erunt fimilia Jimiliter^fita .
Confeflarium hoc Euclides z.p. iz.iic fumpfit:& ideo nos
hinc concludimus.ut fi fit in praemifla figura ur,ou aduy fic ae
ad ei & triangula ouv, a ei fimilia fimiliter^fita itemq; trian-
gula o u r,a c srerur inferipta quadrangula fimilia Gmilitercfc fita

7. RetiUineum inferibitur circulo quando penpheria

Ungit angulos : Circumfcribitur cum a fwgulis lateribus
pertphena tangitur. 3.4J.4.
Haec ex generali adferiptionis doflrina in hafce (pedes de-
ducuntur. Eftenim circuli terminus peripheria:Si ergo periphe
ria refljlinei terminis rerminetur:circulus &
reflilineum ad:(cri-
pta inter fefunr &c.Er hinc patet adferiptionem quidem drculi
c(Te cum triangulo quolibct:cum triangulato autem duntaxar
ordinato.
/ Si dua retia bifecent duos angulos dati retlilinei: etr
.

culus radii ab carum concurfu in latuspcrpendicularis in-

fcribetur dato retlihneo. 4. S. ii p.4.
Efto verbi gratia triangulum a e i.& reflas e u, a o bifecent an-
gulos i a e,i ea:& ab earum concurfu fint perpendiculares in la-
tu y s,y o,y u. dico radio u vel o vel s centro
s
y y y y deferibi dr-
culum. per Z7. e. 1. Sunt enim tres ab eodem punflo aequales.
Nam bifecantes cum perpendicularibus faciunrperz.e.7.R. tri-
angula aequilatera.Nam triangula se
y.y eo funt aequa angulie
ad e ex rhefi& s,o, aequalis bafis e quia communis.Ergo s
y y,y o
1 3 aequan-
 «quatur.rurfus s ay,

y a u eodem modo
luntaequilatera.un-
de&uy&y*?quan
tur. proindequctres
perpediculares fune
aequales ab eodem
pun Cto&c quidecen
tro.idem argumen-
tum in triangulato
•rit.ut exempli gra-
tia hic in quadraro
‘
videbis.
.*» > > v *
* * • l' '

Nam & hic per-

pendiculares tres
yo.y s.yufimilira-
tipeinarione $qua-
turpro radiis circu
H cui quadratu eft
circumlcriprn. Eft
autem tum reftili-

ncum circumfcri-
ptum quia periphe
ria a lateribus tan-^I
gitur. »

- o. o. Si dua recla rc&e bifccent duo latera datt reti umet:

•
* arcui u radn ab earum concurfu m angulum circumjc n~
baurdtto retttlineo. /. 9 -i+f. 4-
o,y ureftebifeceni larera et»
utin fupcrioiibus figuris refla: y
n,cr**
aidicocirculumacentroyradioye, vel yi velya c, ' cu *
tres diflac aequales. Nam dufla
refla
dato reflilinco,funt enim
angulo *qu «cruro ?quurn
triangulu m y o i.rrismgulo y o e
eft
yi
 R O TV N D I, L I B. VU '*7
ex the/i. Sic & triangulum y u triangulo y u i a. Ergo per i.e. 7 .R.
ey,yi&yi,yaaequanrur.&:proindeperi 7 e i. centrum eft in y.
cx quo radioy e circumfcribitur circulus

10. Segmenta ex concurfu bifecantium angulos reclili-

nei ordinat/funt radii circumfcnpti arcuUs.
ucin hiperioribus liguris ue,& oa bifecanc angulos, harum
concurlus ell in y centro re&iliner, circuli Scinfcripti circum- &
feripti. quare
y e,y a funt radii circum feri pti. Arq; bine patet in-
ventio perpendicularis a centro in latus cujus cognitio ad geo-
daefiam reftilinei uecelTaria eft. Quia enim y e,y a funt radii: a e
erit inferipra &
in eam y s eft perpendicularis:a s s c f quabun &
tur.jam (i de quadrato y e tollas quadratum s e femifsis lateris
relinquetur quadrarum perpendicularis quxfirar. Atq-, hadenus
adlcriptio circuli fuit : fequitur adferiptio re£lilinei,Sc primo
quidem trianguli.

//. Si dua inferipta d conta 6lu recfa & peripheria a-

ejuent duosutrinej angulos duobus angulis dati trianguli:
{
connexa inferib en t triangulum dato circulo aquiangulum
dato triangulo. 2.p.+.
Deturitaq; triangulum a c i:oflFerarur etiam circulus o. Huic
inferibendum (it triangulum xquiangulum dato. Ducatur iraqj
tangens u y s quae tangat, inquam, peripheriam yrl . atqj a cop-
ta&u inferiptx yr&yl xqucntangulos uy r,syl angulis dati
trianguli a e i,a i e & c6-
neftanturinlcriptx re- “ J 9 *

ftarl.Dico triangulum
yrl efle xquiangulum
dato. Nam fi bini angu-
li duoru triangulorum
xquatur,reliqui xquau
rurperc.3.c.7.R.
At hic anguli 1 & i anguli e & i aequamur. Quia angulus ylr
i
* . «quatui
// GEOMETRI AE
xquatur angulo u y r per 18. e. 3. hoc eft angulo a e i. item angu-
lus y r (.aequatur angulo s
y 1 hoc eft angulo a i e. Ergo angulus a
aequatur an gulo y.
12. St duo anguli in centro dati circuli aqueturad com-
mune latus exterioribus angulis dati trianguli : refila tan-
gentes ferlfheriam in cruribus angulorum circumfiri-
bent triangulum dato circulo aqutangulum 'dato, i-f 4 - -

Efto triangulum a e o.ejus^j exteriores anguli a e i, a o u. cir-

culus autem datus y s r.tum in centro ejus i ad commune lacus

Obcufan-
 ,
p

* o r t
d t. l r b. rr.n /
Obtufangulum uncum infcribipoteft minori (cilioni.
Ereo
centrum extra bafin.Sicacutaugulum infcribiiur
majori fellio-

De adfcriprionc triangulari.
/ retia tangant feripheriam in angulis
injcrt-
ptitrungulati ordmatr. circumfcribent
trian-
gulatu circula homogencum tnfcripto.
j.Ji.p. 4.
Expediu eft ad ^cri tio
circuli , adfcriptio
P
. .. ..
,c * m t nan S u,,;J upereft
adfcriptio crianrulati
& quidem .

ordinatiicujuscircumfcriptio generalis hic

proponi-
tur ex antecedentetamen infcriprionequ; fpecialia
requirit cie
menta.ExempIa auteperfpecies deinceps cum
inferipris pro-
ponecur.Ec hoc generale femel
& primo dicere fatius cftquam
inquadragulo qumquangulo fpeciatim
repecere.Scquitur creo
jnfcnprio & quidem per unicum larus,quod
repetitum quonca
opus eft penphenam compleat. Fecit hoc
Euclides in quin!
decangulo: necmale tamen in reliquis eadem
ratio inAituicur.
* * j. Si

O
90 y 'X G E O '
M E T R I -AE \
, 2 . Si radit* btfec et latus infcripti ordinati : recia inter
terminum radii atj, lateris efi latus infcrtpti ordinati ad

f
radulam lateribus dupli.
*
Ita per triangulum asquilateium >nfcribTpoted triangulatum
angulorum 6. per fexangulum triangulathm angulorum »x. &
hinc angulorum 24,4.8,96 &c.
Sic perquadratum inlcribetur triangulatum angulorum 8 &^
hinc 16,32,64 &c.
Per quinquangulum triangulatum angulorum 10, 20, 40 , 80,
&fic deinceps. »

Veritas autem elementi pater per 13.6.3. Nam radius bifecans

larus infcripti per 19. e.i reftefecat.ergo peripheriam bifccat.& *

Quare quam peripheriam lubtendebat refta una: eam jam duae

aequales reftae fubtendunr. itaq; inferibimr hoc modo ordina-
tum duplum. Quo d fi latus infcripti dati detur in numeris nota :

diametro exfuperioribus praeceptis fatus infcripti dupli mani-

feftum erit per 12. e. 4. aut per ip.e.f. Exempli gratia,clto inferi-
prum latus trianguli aequila-
tcri a e 173, 205. radius bifccas
a e in o, bilccat etiam arcum
aeini.eritergoailatus fiexan
guli ordinati. id inveniet hoc
modo : datur a o ranquam fi-
nus pei ipheriae a i. ergo per 9.
e-5.dabitur o u Imus complementi co,ooo.jam ablato o u dera-
dio 100, 000. relinquitur o i Onus fecundus arcus a i. jim per 19
e-5.a i dabitur 100, 000 latus infcripti fexanguli, Et frein reli-

quis. Pcolemaicaviaeu.e. 4. eodejn modo inferiptam ai in-

vehfet. ’/
, m.
•
'i
}. Si diametri retteinterfecanturfubtenfareclo eritla
tus quadrati. O.p.j..
Edo circulus a e i o. cujus diametri e o, a i refte inrerfeccnto*
ad U4;e Aoq^ fubtcnla fit a o,drco a o ede lacus quadrati inlxripci a
« Crura.
'
 R O TV ND T, LIS. VJ 1 .
V
Crura enim refti u a, u o y
item u a,u e & u e, u i & u i,
u ofuncradii:&reftis con
nexi triangvh tcqua angu-
lo fquicruro funt.ergo per
2.e.7.R.bafes a o, a e, e i, i o
aequantur: qtiare quaelibet
lubcedic quartam pcriphe-
riae partem peri4.e.2.
jam cum habeatur inferi
ptum quadratu facile con\
parabitur circumfcriptum
per i e.

4. Lattu infiripti quadrati potest duplum circularis

radu.
ut in praemiiTa figura a o aequepoteft per f.e.iz.R.cruribus*
u,
u o. At horum quadrata lunt aequalia cum latera finraequalia. :

Ergo ad alterutrum quadratum, quadrarum a o erit duplum.

Ec
hinc Ptolemaeus 9.c.i.in.vcrtigat latus inferipti quadrati.
Namli
quadratum radii duplicecur.larus duplicati eritinferipri
quadra
ti latus. ut fi radius ut 10,000,000. a o erit
14, 142, 136 fere.
Et . fs

5. Quadratum injeriptum eft dimidium circumfcri-

ptt. tn 2.p.i2,
In promptu caufaeftquia eo diameter
hoc' cft larus circum-
lcnpti y s .Toueporeftcturibus ea,a
o lateribus nempeinfcii-
ptr.At latera haec lunt aequalia.Quare
quadratumy s cft duplum
ad quadratum larerisinlcripti.

Ec
Qp^dratum infcrtptum cft majus dimidio circum*
Jcrtpti circuli.
'
r,

m * Nam
 q

9» GEOMETRI AB
Nam pert0<t(u«<r<j/ quadratum circumfcripcum eft majus eir-
culo;i Jeoc tiam lemiquadratum hoc eft inlcriptura quadratum

majus fcnvcirculo.
Sequitur jam infcriptio quinquanguli: ad cujus infcriptio-
nem opus eft triangulo cujus uterqj angulus ad bafin duplus Iit
anguli reliqui. Et lic in imparilateris reliquis opus elfet trian-
gulo cuius uterque angulus ad bafin lit multiplus reliqui:li ha-
beri pollet.
7. Si retfa ficetur proportionaliter: trianguli crurum

fictu aqualium, baJisma)ori figmento aqualis uter { an~ ,

gulus ad bafin erit duplus reliqui: &

bafts erit latus quin-
quanguli m circulum cum triangulo mfiripti. 10.11
f. 4.
Hic primo fabrica trianguli optari erit. Sit reda a e pro radio
circuli:ea fecetur proporrionalirer per j.e.^.R. in pundo o. de-
fcribatur circulus radio a e.tumqj per u.e.t.a termino e infcriba-
turei aequalis majori fegmenro a o.& terminus i connedarar
"cum cenrroa. Fiet triangulum aequjcrurum cujus anguli e&i
sequanrur.ut quod de uno probatum fit de reliquo quoqj verum
haoearur.Ec hoc eft triangulum optatum.
Ducatur enim reda i o ® &
per fi.e.6. triangulo ioacircu
lus circumfcribatur. t

Hunc circulum tanget re-

daei. Nam exthefi ucacad
a o hoc eft e i fic e i ad e o. Er-
go per 4. e. 12. R. oblongum
ae,eo aequatur quadrato reli
qu f e i. Ergo per p.e.2. reliqua
datam pcriphc-
ipfa e i tangit
•
riam.
Itaque hinc fequirur quod
angulus eia duplus fit angu-
li ad a.
Nam aequalis duobus squalibus eft duplus alterius: Ar angu-
lus
 m o rr nd r, l r b. vn. fi
lus ei a eA squalis angulis aio.oai aequalibus inter fe.
Affiimptionis partes duae lunc: quod e i a angulus aequerur di
Ais duobus : quod duo Ai aequencur.prima hinc parer, quia an-
i

ulus eio aequatur angulo o ai in alterno Tegmento per i8.e. 3.

Screliquus aio aequatur fibi ipfi.
Secundo, aequalitas horum angulorum o i a,o ai inter Te hinc
manife Aa e A. a.

Angulus e o i sequatur angulis o i a,o a i per 2.c. 9. e.d.R.

Anguli o i a,o a i aequantur angulo e i a ut jam patuit.
At angulus e i a aequatur angulo o e i ex thefl.
Quare angulus eoi aequatur angulo oei:itaq;per lo.e.d.R.
o i aequabitur lateri e i. At e i ex thefi aequatur lateri a o.ergo o i
sequatur lareri o a.& proinde anguli o i a &
o a i per io.e.6.R. ae-
quantur. Et hinc jam generalis complexio cftanguium eia
e fle duplum anguli e a i.
Et fle fabrica trianguli optati fuit:Secpndo jam erit inTcriprio
quinquanguli. Dico iuqj oafln e i cfle latus quinquanguli cum
v
triangulo inferipti.
In feri barur enim rri
angulum a i o aequian
gulum invento per 11.
e.tf.erit bafis i o latus
quinquanguli inferi-
pti. Etenim fint duas
reAf bifecantcs angu
lum utrunque reliqui
duplum:& coneAan-
tur cum angulis & in-
ter Te fient latera i o,
i e, e a, a u, u o, aequa.
&
lia.Nam cum anguli quinq^bife Ai duo reliquus fintsequalea;
per ?. e '3* peripheriae quinque «quabuntur: &
per 14. e. a. inferi-
pcae.hoc e A ipfa latera funt aequalia, jam inferipto quinquangu-
lo facile critper ».e quinquangulum ordinatum circumfcribere.
m 3 Ec
14 GEOMETRI JE
Etfic refta proportionaliter fefla quinquanguli adfcriprio-
n em machinatui: icd &
inde vicilsim redditur linea proportio-
«aliter fcfta.
I. Si duu reflu fu b tendunt duos deinceps Ungulos in*
fcnpti quinquangulifccanturproporttonaUtc^c? maio-
rafigmenta funt Latera tnfcriptt. Sp.i}.
Elementi partes dux funt.re&as fecari pi oportionalirer:ma-
jora Tegmenta elfe xqualia lateribus infcripri quinquanguli.
Efto igitur inferiptum quinquangulum rc&x ai,u elub- : &
tenderes angulos deinceps a e i, , . •

ult; Dico eas proportionali-

ter Iccari in s. fecundo majora te-
gmenta si, s u aquari lateribus
infcripri.Quia itaque triangula
aei, u ac fune xqua angulo pet
ae.6.xquicruro ex thelip fune a-
qtiilaceia per 2. e.7 . R. & per i.e.
7.R.xquiangula. Sc anguli a i e,
aeuxquales. Sed in triangulis
se^eai angulus a communis cfL Quare per c.$. e.7, R. anguli
a se & a ei xquantur. itaque perp.e-7-R- priaad aehocctl (ut
moxpatebit)i s Gcaead as Quatereftaiafefta eft proportio-
.

naliterins.pen.e.i+.R.Eodemargumentoue leftaeft propor-

tionali ter in s.jam fecundo quod s aquetur lateri inferipei
i

quinquanguli nempe a e inde patet.

Eidem aqualia fibi funt aqualia. ,,

At s 8cjl efunt eidem xqualia nempe e j.&quide a e ex theli^

i

i s vero per to.e.d.R. Anguli enim e s,e s aquantur quia eidem

i i

funt dupli. Nam s e aquatur duobOS Interioribus s a e, a es per

i

2.c.9.e.6.R. aqualibus per 5. e. 3. itaq: al tetius duplus eft nempe

jUiguli a c s. Sed &
hujus duplus elUnguIus u e per 5.e.3.in!i- 1

ilens nempe jndupL pcriphctia. Et hinc fequitur complexio

quxlira. Ergo c i, is fune aquales. Atq; hinc patet fabrica quin-
.quanguli ordinati lupei.dacam rcuannquam lequcuti conlefta-
c
ho exponemus. *
Itaq;
 : ,

rjfek* iftwtlU J J <

9- Si data retia fecta proportionaliter continuetur •

uirinq ma)orifegmentoJexq.pcrtpbcria radio datacon- n

{
currant ybina utrinq.k terminis data &
continuata dua ,

reliqua abearum concurfu : recta per concurfus <2r termi-

nos data constituent Jitper datam quinquangulum or-
dinatum.
Efto rcCta a e fuperquam conftruendum fit quinquangulum
ordinatum. Eaitaq;feceturproporcioualitcr in i. continuetur^;
'
utrinq; majori Tegmento a i illic e uhicao; tum i;adio datae ter»

minis e,u & o, a concurrant peripheriae illic in s hic in r.jam ter-

minis s & r eodem radio concurrant peripheriae in m.&atet-
™ 1nls a & e ducantur reftae a e s & ab r & s ducantur rm,s m.
r, '

Etit quinquangulumaes mr
optatum. NanvCum reCta a e fece*
tur proportionaliter,& continuetur majori Tegmento:
cotinua-
ia l^b.tur proportionaliter per c. c. .+,R.
g. &
data a e erit Te-
gmentum ma/us.&per S.e.Iaru* quinquanguli. Mechanici
ho-
die compendium habent tale: Si quina, pcripheri* ra-
fabricae
dio datae concurrant.dua a terminis
dat^rerru ab earum con-
cur u,reltqux a terminis reCtarum
econcurfu tertiae cum primis
per lectionem bifecanris datam infinite
&
terti* in primas
'v < '
SJ

fi 1
\ CEO METUTAE
ftckeoncorfu reliquarum per fua centu fegmentum majas m
termino» date confliruenrfuper datam quinquangulum ordu
atum.ut hic dau reda a e experiri potea.

19. Si diameter circuli quinquangulo circumfer

rpti e*
rationali* : eTt irrationali* ad latm infirifti qutnquan-
guli. itt.f'tS»
latus quinquanguli
elidet haec ita proponit: fed addit
eflfe

»tcm irrationalem:quod ad Geometriam non

multum atri*
nec.
 * 0 TV ND T, L I B. V IT» 97
net.pendet aurem elementum inde quod Tegmenta redae pro-
portionalirerfedae Tunc irrationalia a. e. 14.. R. Sequitur inferi*
ptio fcxanguli.
17. Rjiditucirculi ctt latus infer/ptifcxanguli, //./>.*,
Sexanguli per a.e.infcribi pollet inicnpto triangulo ^quilate-
robifedisnepecrib.angulis;fcdbtevius hoc modo p radiu in-
feribif , fexiea repetitu.
Elio in circulo diair.e
ter a e. jam centro e ra-
dio ei. Defcribarurpe-
ripheria u i o. &
diame-
tri i pundis u &
o fint
u a,o y. Hae connexae &
inter fe & cum diame
tro a e inferi bene fexan
gulum fquilaterum da-
to circulo lateria radio
aequ alis:& etiam aequi-
an gulam proindeq; or-
dinatum. utrumque de-
monftrabitur hoc mo-
do: primum
Triangula aequaangulo aequicruro aequantur bafibus . At hic
triangula fex aequicrura funt : Nam crura funt radii ejufdem pe-
ripheriae ergo aequales pera. e. 1. uti u,i e,&i e, i o irem i o,i s 8c
fic deinceps : &
aequa angulo aequicruro. Nam cum u i ue &
irem ei line radii aequalium peripheriarum ex fabrica . triangu-
lum eedaequilaterum quare uie efl-J-redi per j.c.io.e.ft.R.
u i
:

Sed eodem argumento e i o edetiam-f-rediproindeprioriae-

|ualis:fedhisduobusaequairurillicai ahicy ia.perz.c.8.e.;.R.
Jed&ais,c iohoced 1 j- redi de duobus redis per i.c.S.e.5 R.
relinauent-J- redi pro angulo a i ohoced pro angulo yiu. Sex
anguli iraq^aeqnantur.
Ergo bales u e,c 0,0 a, s ,a
y,y u funt fex aequalia latera inferi-
n pta:
 ft : G E O M E T R r AE
'

ptatxqusliaradio utin demunftratione paruitrfuntenim trian-

gula aequilarera. * * -‘I'*’

Quod ad fecundum attinet nempe efle fexangulum aequian-

[iilam,id ex 2.e.6.fequitur* Nam eft jam demonftratum aequi*
facetum.
Ec eft elementi hujua vulgarus ufus apud doliarios. ii enim
volentes aptare dolio operculum congruum: inferibunt lex an-
gulum dolio:& latus fcxanguli pro ranio operculi retinenr.
Circumfcriptio autem iexanguli,e generali circumlcripriohe
ad i e difta, eft.
Iraq;
12. Sexangula tria ordinata complent locum.
Quatuor reAi anguli complentlocum planum 16. e. 4.R. At
y tres anguli circa idem pun&um trium fexangulorum aquantur
quacuor reftis.Nam unus fexanguli valet -J- hoc eft 1-} re Ai, ucii*
praecedenti fchemate patet per 5.C.J. Vei quia duplus eft exem*
 X 0 TV ND I, LIS. V II *
. M
pii gratia angulus ueo anguli uei qui valet-f redi, erit ipfe-f
redi. aut quia 6 valent 8 rcdos per 4.e.6.R.valcbitunusi-j-. Er-
go triplex erit —y redi hoceft4 redi.
Ergo fexangula tria complentlocum.uthicanguli ad a com-
plent locum.
Ariftoteles in dodrinacceli 8.c. 3. ordinatas figuras in planis
tres locum complere ait: triangulum , quadratum, lexangulum.
De triangulo conftat e 4.cio.e.6.R.
Quod ad quadratum attinerifpeciatim nos r\ffdyteyo(/ Arifto
telis intelligere non eft opus nin fynecdochic^ pro redangulo
quolibet accipiatur. Nam quatuor redangula qualiacunq; tan-
dem complent locum 2.C.2.C.11.R. Dcfcxanguloexhocelemcn
to patuit.
Necpraererhas eft in planis figura ulla quae locum compleat.
Nam quinquanguli angulus eft i-f redi per^.e.tf.R. Quare tri-
plex erit 3-f rcduquadruplex 4-f. Arqj ut illic quantitas necelfa-
ria deficit :fic hic redundat mulroquc maeis fi quinaue aurfex
quinquangula aftumanrur.
Eodem modo fepranguLiangulus eft redi. Nam 7 «quales
aequantur »o redis.Ergo aequalium unus eft i^redi. Eftitaqj du
plex 2 -f redi triplex 4-f- illic minor hic major.ira angulus odan-
guli eft <4- redi. Ergo duplex eft 3 redorum.fed triplex
4-f.
Et fic deinceps inducenti conftare poterit tribus tantum pla-
nis compleri locum ordinatis triangulo 8c fexangulo ordinaro:
redangulo quolibet. •

/ Et ' '
T ^ t
13. Si retta ab «no infcriptifexanguli angulo
in ter-
tium utrm(j{ angulum conneclantur : tnfcnbent triangu-
lum aqu ilaterum dato circulo.
t*
Hoc Theon e fua demonftratione deducit. Sit enim inferi-
j>tum fcxangulum.jamque ab uno angulo fexanguli adainter-
tiumutrinq; angulum c Sc i infcribanturre£taeae,ai &conne-
danturiinlcribcnr triangulum a e i aequilaterum. Nam latera

^
,4,

1
'

n x fubten-
 GEO METRI AE
10 *
fubtenduntur peripheriis ae-
qualibus a e, a i, e i. ergo per
M
i4.e.a.latera (unc aequalia. Ec
efthoc rantum hic lpeciale
de connexione duarum in-
fcriprarum. Ac larus ab uno
infcripri angulo in tertium
efte latus infcripti ordinati
dimidii numero lacerum a.e.

docebit.
14. Latus inflripti trianguli potcsl triplum circularis
radii. t2.p.i).
Efto latus infcripti trianguli aequilateri a e. dico idpofte tri-
plum radii ou. Nam a e fubtendit duas tertias fcmipcnphcriae :
& reliquam tertiam hoc eft
peripheriae totius fextafe-
catreftaeu. Quare eu per
ti. e. eft latus fexanguli vel

radius. Hinc ita colligitur,

latus trianguli & fexanguli
a e u aeque poftunt bafi,
e,

hoc eft diametro a u per y.e.

n.R.cum angulus ad ere-
Itus fit per 4.6.4.
*
At diameter poreft qua-
druplum dimidii nempe radii o u,hoc eft e u,per 7.e.n.R.
Ergo latus trianguli & fexanguli poftunt quadruplum lateri*
fexangulhablatoitaq; eu latere fexanguli remanebit potentis „
a e ad e u potentiam tripla.
Hinc infinita fere fpecialia theoremata pro inventione la-
teris trianguli extiterunt. Et fane Ptolemaeus hinc latus tri-
anguli infcripti invcftigat: G potentia radii triplicerur: tripli-
ca^ latus eft latus infcripri rriangult.ut fi fit radius 10,000,000.
§ jus potentia triplicata eft $00, 000,000,
000,000. cuius la-
'
«w
 <n o tr n d r, lis . vn. /*>

tuscft«7, jio, 508 fere, pro Utere trianguli infcripti. Alii ad-
hibent mechodum generalem 6 aut n.e. 4. ali; aliter fpecia-
.

le theorema hoc fecerunt. Exempli gratia: trium quartarum

quadrati diametri latus eft trianguli aequilateri infcripti latus.
Quod eodem recidir.Sed quia in chefauris fexanguli arq; trian-
guli verfamur nec hocpt/fslMXiSpocdufum relinquemus. - ,

//. St a termino lateris trianguli aquila teri infcripti

dux rettx in punflaperipheria aqualiter a reliquo ditti la
teris termino remota inferibantur : differentia infcripta-
rum aquatur inferiptx inter reliquum terminum & alte-
rutram inferiptam.
Efto in adjunfta figura latus rrianguli
'finrd; a termino a inferiptae duae quae cadant
qualiter remota ab altero termino e.Sird;
go u o differentia infcriprarui
Dico eam ede aequalem inferi-
ptae eo vel ei. Nam complete
inferipto triangulo: angulus in
feftione eoa erity refti.Scd e
fupra eadem bafi e a aquatur an-
gulus eoa per 15.6.3. Sed an- &
gulo e o u aequalis eft angulus
eu operio, e. d. R. Nam anguli
i a c,e au aequantur Scaequicruri

funt ex fabrica. Ergo per 2.

R.eu aequatur ipfii e: hoc elt ex
theG &i+.e.2.eo. Quare eo &
eu fubtendenr angulos aequales
jamy &-j- redi de duobus re&is relinquunt -f- pro angulo o eu.
Ergo & angulus o eu, aequatur angulo ou e. proinde per 10. c.

d.R. o c 8c o u fquantuitAtqj ita patet veritas. poterit vero tran£>

ferri elementum etiam ad unus per 10. e. 5. & ita quidem enun-
ciari: Dijferentiat\n\i\im peripheriaru a fextante totius periphe
riae aequali differentia majoris &
minoris aequatur Gnui differen
n 3 use.
ipj
: geometri ae +
ti*.Confe£arium ccrcepro conftruttione canonis finuumno-
biltVsimum',. Aeque ita fcxangnli & adjungi trianguli inferi-
ptio fuit. Figura ver6 fcxangula
vulgo Geometria apum vov-
eatur. Apis euim,aitalicubi Varro ,fexangulam cellam fibi ar-
chiteftatur, qyot habet ipfa pedes quod Geometrae
:
t$ccym*0
heri in orbe rotundo oftendunt: ut
plurimutu loci includatur.
Hoc idem Pappo in Prooemio libri quinti copiolius demon-
ftratur.Et itaadfcriptionem habemus rrianguli.quadrati , quin-
quanguK,fexanguli,oftanguli.;am ad feptangulum nonangu &
opus triangulo, cujus uterq; angulus ad bafin efletii-
lum elTet

lictriplus hic quadruplus reliqui, in hujus inventione multum

pofuiffe operae atojftudii Geometras veteres accepimus. Qui-
dam aitProclus,ab Archimedis helicibus incitati in datam ra-
tionem datum angulum rcrtilineumfccuenint. Conatus illos
Geometricos P. Ramus fcholis fuis Mathematicis inleruit lib.

u.in 4-.Euclidis.qui illic perlegi poliunt artificium

: eft difficile,
v
multiplex &Varium:nec temporum proportio in Archimcdeo
theoremate fatis Geometrica videtur: Et refutata aNoniohaec
eftadfcriptio. Mechanici tamen feptangulum inferibunt opera
fcxanguli hoc modo.
j6. Perpendicularis d centro in htus inferiptifexangu-
li, esi latusinferiptifeptanguli.
Iit perpendi-
Efto enim inferiptum fexangulum:& a centro o
cularis o u.Dico perpendicularem o u efle latus irtferipti leptan
partium io totidem erit latus a e. jam quia
guli. Derurradius
a e bifecatur in u per 19. e. 1. erit e u
partium 5. &
proinde u o
jam fex perpendiculares funr ae-
erit8-ff. Quare u y erit i-pf.
quales pro fex lateribus: pro feprimo lunt fegmenta radiorum
intet latera fexanguli &peripheriam:quae sequanruruni
h
?cx
perpendicularibus diftis. Nam fegmentum unum eft i-rf.ergo
lexreftituunt fere unam perpendicularem.
Atq»
 eft inlcriptio
:
per quam
dcdecangulo.
t7. Si latus fexanguh fecetur proportionaliter : ma)u*
fegmentum erit latus decanguli.
Eft Pappi lib.f.theor.24.& habet Campanus ad 3.p.»4.Cotn-
mandinus ad 9-p.i^.
Secetur enim radius a ofeu latus fexanguli proportionaliter
per j.e.i4.R.& (ira e aequalis majori fegmento Dico a e e(Tela-
.

tus decanguli. EAenimperipheria a e iubdecupla totius peri-

pheriae.Ergo & infcripta ejus eA latus decanguli.
Hujus care/<v//( haec e A. A' centro o in terminum e duca-
tur radius:het triangulum aequicrurum a
o e cujus anguli ad a &
e per io. e. 6. aequantur: & uterque duplus eAanguli a o e per
7. e. Nam a o ex thefi fecatur proportionaliter ae & majus &
tegmentum.
Ergo angulus a & e (imul cA quadruplus anguli o.
At angulis o a e,a coaequatur angulus cou pcra.c.p.e.d.R.
Quare:
.JH

Jlafe 4 iz.'
 %
%

i*4 GEOMETRIAE
" Quare&angulut
(ou (II quadtu-
plua anguli eoa.
& per 5-e. 3. peri-
pheriau e quadra
plaeftperipherif
a e. jam addita a e
ad e u fcmiperi-
pheria circuli eric
quincupla ipfius
a e,& proinde to-
ta peripheria de-
cupla. Quare Tub-
tenfa a e eft latus
decanguli.

tl. Si decangulum &fexangulum eidem circulo inferi

[fantur:retia e latere utrtufy continuata fecabiturpropor-
tionaliter,& ma\usfigmentum erit latus fixanguli.&fi
matus fermentum retia proporticnaliter fitla esi lanas
fixanguli.reliquum erit latus decanguli. xj.
gp
utinprxmiflfa figura a e fit latus decanguli infcripti,ei veri
radius hoc eft latus fexanguli. dico reflam ai fecari proportio—
nalicerine. Namper»7.e.aeeft maju* Tegmentum rcftareiTe-
Etx proportionalirer.eft enim ex thefi ftru i decanguli: conti- &
nuatur refla e i majori Tegmento. Ergo per c.j.e. 14. tdra conti-
nuata Tecabirur proportionaliter in e. &
majus Tegmentum eric
data e i lacus nepe Texanguli. unde etia confequ tur Tore ut a e fit
i

lacus

. — £- ut i
 R O TV ND T, L I S. VJT.
Utu* decanguli fi ei fit lata* fexanguli& rota ai fefla
propor- /
tionaliter. Et hinc fequitur inventio lateris decanguli Pcole~
maica. Er
if. Latusfimulutriufy quadrati radii &femiradit mi
nusfemiradio ett latus tnfcrifti decanguli.
Sint in dato circulo diametri in ter fe refiae a e,& i o. bifecetur
radius o e in u conne-
4
flaturq;iu.acq;reflaeiu •

aequalis ponatur u y.Di-

co jam o y cfi*e latus in-
fcripci decanguli. Nam
refla e y eft fefla propor
tionaliterin o & fegme-
tum majus eo eft latus
fexanguli , quia exthefi
eft radius. ideo peri8. e.
y o erit latps decanguli. Quod aurem feflio proportionalis fit
ad o hinc patet. Quia enim o e eft bifefla continuata per 7.e. &
ij.R.oblongum e y.yo cum quadrato ou aequatur quadraro u
y
hoc eft ex fabricam.
Ac quadratum iu aequarut quadratis o,ou. Quare oblon- i

gum ey,yo cum quadrato ou aequatur quadracis 0,0 u abla i &

to quadrato communi o u. oblongum ey,y o aequabitur quadra-
to io hoc eft ex cheli o e.itaq; per 4.. e.u.R.uc e y ad oefig oe ad
yo.& proinde peri. e. 14.. R. refla e y eft fefla proportfonalircr
in o.Quare patet yoefie latus decanguli. jam quia datur radius
io &femiradius ou dabitur per f.e.u.R. refla u nempe bafij i < •

trianguli reflanguli. Sed i u aequalis exthefi eft u. Ergo inde

y
fublaco u o femiradio relinquetur oy lacus decanguli. .

ut fi detur radius io,ooq,ooo.eric ejus potentia

100,000,000,000,000 &
potentia femiradii
K:
15,000,000,000,000

1 * 5 , 000 , 000,00 0,0 00 Hujus latus te trago nicum eft

o '11,180,

> «.
io 6 GEO METRTAE X
11,180, 340. inde ablatu s femiradius relinquit <S,i8o, 340. pro-U*
tere inferipei decanguli. :T
20. Si deeangulum ,
fexangulum (fr quinquangulum
eidem circulo tnfcrtbantur: latus quitujuangult potett la-
tera rehcjuorum:cr fi retia potett latera fexangult & de -
cangulr.eH latus (jutnejuangult. lc.p.ij.
Edo latus inferipei quinquanguli a e, fcxanguli e i, decanguli
ao. Dico jam aepolTc
u a
reliqua. Ducanrurenim
perpendiculares io bi-
fecans lacus quinquan-
guli,i u bifecans latus
decanguli cocurrens cu
latere quinquaguli iny.
Syllogifmus demon*
ftrationisficed:
Obloga e latere quin-
quanguli & ejus fegme-
tis a e, e y& e a,ay ae-
quantur quadratis reli-
quorum laterum illiqci
hicao.
At quadratum lareria quinquanguli aequatur oblongis c tot«
&fegmeiuis perj.e.ij.R. .
Ergo quadrarum lateris quinquanguli aequatur quadratis la.
teris fexanguli & decanguli.
Adumptio dubia non eft-.propofhio ed. Ejus igitur profyllo-
gifmus attendatur.
Bis bina triangula a e i,y e i & a o e, a o y funt aequiangula.
Ergo per j>. e.7.R.figillatim bina cruribuslunt proportione*
lia. erit^ illic
ut a e ad e i Cc e i ad e y
'

bieverb _
•
,-a*
• •

*
.
.

uceaadaoficadaday.
Et
 7

JtorVNDI, ZIB. vir. 19 '

Er per 4.e.i2.R.illic oblongum a e, e y quadraro e i hic oblon. /

l a
gum e a,ay quadraro ao aequale exiAit.Et ita fyllogifmi conAac
propoficio. Sed & pro fyllogifmi antecedens hoc modo demon
Aratur. & primo quod criangulaa e i,y e fint aequiangula. Nam
i
6.
angulus ad e communis eft:& angulus e y, angulo e a aquatur.
i i
.

Nam ejufdem dimidia aequantur ex Arithmetico axiomate.

Anguli e i y,e a funt anguli e s dimidii.
i i

Nam primo angulus ei s aequatur angulis i ea,iaeperz.c.p.e*

R. aequalibus per io.e.6.R.Ergo alterius eai cftduplus.
Secundo peripheria s r e eft peripheriae e o u dupla. Nam fe-
miperipheria ais aequatur femiperipheriae ars. item [ai ipiiar.
Ergo 1 s aequatur reliquae rs. fed his etiam aequatur e o.peri e.
Quare rl hoc cft e r dupla cAipfius r $ hocefteo.fic r s dupla
iplius o u.nam ex thefi o a hoc e ft c o id eft r s bifecatur in u«
'Quare totas re dupla eA peripheriae e ou.
l(aq;per 5e3.anguluseisdupluseAangulieiy.jam cum in
triangulis a ei &y e i bini aequentur anguli perc.3.e.7.R erunt a

aequiangula.
Secundo triangula quoque a o e, a o y efle aequiangula pa-
tet, communis enim angulus ad a eA.&angu!us aoyaequalin
eA angulo a e 0. Nam eidem aequantur nempe angulo o ay ilhic
perz.e./.R.hic perio.e.d R.illicenim perpendicularis iu hife-
cans a o facit triangula duo o u y, y u a aequa angulo ad u retto
«quicruro. quare aequilatera &
aequiangula: hic vero e 0,0 a per
to.e.6.R.fubtendunc angulos aequales. Cum itaque bini anguli
fint aequales triangula a o e , a o y erunr aequiangula per c. 3. e.
7. R. Atque ita conAar&demonftrationis propofitio,propofi-
tioniscj; profyllogifmus.
Converia Euclides adhibet
in demonAratione inferiptio-
nis Icofaedri in fphaera i6.p.«j.
EcPcol.p.c.i. inde latus quin-
quaguli inveftigat hoc modo.
Repetita figura 19. e. patuit
02 yo

1
y
 :
T

u» » ,
€ E O METRI AB ' t
decanguli:& i o eft latus fexanguli. Quia jam haec,
y o cfle larus
inquir,poteft per 5. e. 12. R.refta iy ea erit larus quinquanguli. :

ideoquc notis yo &

io facile dabitur y. Sit enim yo partium i

6, 189,3+0. &i o partium io,ooo,ooo.ent y latusquinquanguli i

patrium .1,755,704 fere. - *•' >

2t. Si triangulum &

quinquangulum eidem circulo
infer tb an tur ad idem punflum : refla inj'cripta inter utri-
ufybafin diflo punfto oppojitam erit latus inferipti quin-
decangult. rt.p.f.
Tnlcribanturcnim apun
ftoa.eidon circulo crian-
ulii & quinquangulum
t : pun
inter utriufq-, balin
fto di(flo oppofitam fitin-
feripra ei. dico cam clTe la-

tus quindecanguli.Eft em
peripheria • i—-f- totius.
Nam peripheria a e eft
j totius & a i funr -f-
to-
tius, jam fi tollas -j-de-f-
rclinquetur-p-f- totius pe-
ripheriae. Et hinc pater in-
ventio lateris quindecan-
guli ifta.
Jtaq*
Z2, Differentia fnuum fexta ac decimaperipheriap/tr
tis primorum <jr fecundorum pojfunt inferiptam quin-
decanguli.
Efto fit a e ^.peripherias e vero-7-^ fi’ir<$ue horum finus a o,
i •

iy primi quidem/ecundi o e,ye firq; differentia primorum as.

fectin Jorumyohoceftper2.c.6.e.'O.R.ia.jam per f.e.n.R.i s Sc
sa poliunt inferiptam a i. Ea autem eft latus quindecanguli.
Nani fi complcacui circulus, dupla a c em -j- dupla i c -j-periphe-
riae
 . ROTVND.Iy L I B. VII. »9
riaedciy, a o dupla per 19. e.i.
fienrlatera trianguli & quin»
|uangu!i & quide bales in«
Jcripcorum ab eodem pun-
fto. Ergo perai. a i eric lacus
quindecanguli. Hinc jam pa-
tec inventio ejus. Nam lacus
trianguli inventum eft ergo
& Icmifsis nempe a o da-
bitur pro finu lextae partis
8,660,254. Ac laceris quinquangu-
lifemifsis 5,877,852.
Ergoaseric 2,782,402.
Atque cum denturarcuum a e, i e Unus primi: dabuntur etiam
finus complementorum pcrp.e.5 illic 5,000, 000 hic 8,0510,170.
Et per 17 e 5
(inus fecundus oe 5,000,000
Et ey 1,909,830
Itaqjyovelis 3,090,170.
Quare per 5. e. 12. R. infcripta ai hoceftlatus quindecanguli
eric partium 4,158,234 feri.

Et
2j. Si quinejttanguliim & fexangulum eidem circub
inferibant ur ad idem punclum : penpheru inter utriufy
latera eritpars tricejima totiusperipheri*.
Haec eft inferipeio quindecanguli duplicati, hoc eftrriangu-
latiordinati cujus anguli Tunc 30. itaque &
fexangulo utitur, du-
plicato fcilicer triangulo infcnbaturadidem punfluma fexan-
gulum &quinquangulum. Sirtjueperipheria ei inreripforum
latera, dico eam etfe
T j- peripheriae rotius.Nam a e £- de a re- i

linquit
Ql,are
ei
v
huic paret inferiptio trigintanguli.
-f

Nam infcripta e i
eft latus.
Generalis tamen duplicati ordinati multanguli inferiptio
r o 3 pet

v —
/
per i. e. expeditior eft.
Elemetum proximum
latus quindecaguli fup
peditavir. Ergo z.e.la-
tus rrigintanguli doce-
bit.&ejus etiam longi-
tudinem : quam fi in-
quiras invenies fere
»,0*0,570.

M E*
triae rotvndi,
Liber. Octavvs.
Dc tetragonifmo circuli.
Eometria circularis conjunftar&adfcriptio rerti/i-
nei&circuli geodxfia nobis fubminifiravit mult-
anguli ordinati 4.e.d.Eadem geodaefiamacdimen
fionem circuli concedet. Dimenfioifthaecterrago-
nifmus &Vulgo quadratura circuli dicitur. Argu-
mentum certe mathematicum nobilibus omnium *ratum ani-
mis tanquam perpetuum exercirium propofirum.Brifonis qua-
dratura ab Ariftotele citatur primo pofter.& Elench. ubi legi po
terit:additis Alexandri commentariis, quibus fumma demon-
ftrarionis Brifonicae repetitur.Verum ut hic parum profecit: ira
& Ariftotcli parum cfFeciflTe Antipho vifus eft imo t.c.t. phyfi-
:

corum gravis ejus paralogifmus notatur: & veluti refponfione

Geometrica
 R O T t* AT D f, L / Jf. V I IT, .1 r*

Geom :trica indignus a philofopho ablegatur. Quare in arenam

hanccum deJ'cenderini& veteres plurimi erecentioribus etiam
nonpauciores:maxime negotium hoc Archimedes promoviile
videtur. Nodus quaeftionis eft in ratione diametri periphe- &
riae.Eam Archimedes talem demonftravit: qualis etiamnum ho
die in geodaefia retinetur.Rationem certe afcibilem no arbitror;
cum ratio curvi ad redum faepe dati pofsit:& peripheria in pla-
nu motu luo extendi pofsit: ut in rotis currum oblervare licet.
Erfi vero in peripheria non (it principium nec finis hyporher- :

cum tamen principium ejus dari,& hypothetico fine claudi non

eft dubium.Sed raronem Archimedeam doceamus.
/. Peripheria eft tripla diametri & ferefcfquifcptima.
Demonftrac Archimedes habere peripheriam ad diametrum
rationem minorem tripla fefquifeprima, majorem tamen tripla
fuperdecuparciente feptuagefimas primas. Sed quia excelTus
vicinior erat fefquifeptimae quam fefquiodavae, ideo ftfquife-
ptima retenta fuitrproipfo vero, quod vero erat propinquum.
Demonftratio ergo duarum partium eft prima peripheriam
:

efie triplam diametri, & paulo fefquifeprima diametri mino-

rem:Secu nda eife triplam &
majorem decem feptuagefimis pri
mis idcoq; una odava.
Demonftratio autem eft fada collarione illic majorum hic mi
norum collatione nimirum multanguli laterum j»d aequalium
:

adferipti cum circulo. Sed primam partem primi» expediamus»

ac latus multanguli optati circumfcrjpti inveniamus.
Sit circulus e i o ex centro a deferiptus : & fit tangens u y.fittjj.
radius urrinq5 a terminoi inferiptus nempe i o,i e pro fexangu-
li lateribus.
jam i o arcus hoc eft-fperipheriae bifecetur per 13. e. 3. reda
ay.eritergoper5.e.3.angulnsiay-r4-totiusperipheriae hoc eft
^-anguli redi.Narn-pr qua tuor redorum eft -j- unius redi .jam
i i &
ponatur u squalis redae y connedanira u. erunt duo trian-
gula u a i. a y aequa angulo ad i aequicruro.Ergo
i
&
aequa bafibua
*y,a u.itaqj & aequiangulaper i.e./.R»
Quare
 T m
* \

Quare angulus na y erit-fre&i. Nam uterque particularia»

aequaturfibic & unua ex thefi eft-J-.

Sed & anguli au i, a y i aequantur. EA aurem alteruter re&i

nempe fublaco angulo i a y -f de re flo uno. EA itaqj triangulum
uay
 R 0 TV ND /, L I B. V T II. nj
u *quilatc r um:& proinde a u erit duplum ad u i. Quare fi u i
fit ift.bifecansa u valebit 306. jam fi quadratum perpendicula»
riau i 23,409 de quadrato Tecantis a u
93, dj6 lubduxeris refta- :

bit quadratum radii a i per 5. e.i2.R.7o, 217. Cujus

latus erit zd?
ac paulo plus, id fic deinceps notetur 265*- .Quare ex
axiomate
arithmetico quod eft 8 Euclid. ratio radii ai ad tangentem
p 7
u i fic major quam 267 ad 173. Hoc ergo triangulum ai u lateri»
bus dimenfum fundamentum eft multiplicis Tetoonis
luis ita
anguli u a i.& laterum in fatos hinc triangulis inventionis,
pri-
mum itaq; angulus fubrertius reto u a i bifecetur
per tf.e.7.R.re»
ftia s:& fietangulus s a i-f reto.itaqi per i2.e.d.R.
utau ad a i ficus ad si.
&peraddirion;m proportionum
ut au&
: us . WT.
ai ad ai
Er alterne
ut au&
fic

us&
si ad si yC
.

M
s
ai ad si fic ai ad si.»
Quare ratio fimui urriufque cruris au & ai
$orf&2d«-ideft
5714- ad 173 erit etiam ratio a i ad conterminum
Tegmentum si;
major nempe ratione 771 ad yj.ut fi Tegmentum s i valeat
1
172 rai
dius valebitplus quam 771.
Et ficln triangulo a i s crura reto Tunr menfa. ubi
numerus Te-
gmenti 1 s eft qui fuit totius i u.quod etiam deinceps
Tervabitur.
J*m v «° quadratum i s fit 23, 409. at quadratum a
326, 041.ro- i
«nri 349,470 -nent per 7. e. 12. R.
pro fecunda bifecante nempe“
as.latus vero erit
791 j+-.
Erhaecfiiir prima divifio anguli tertiarii, fequitur fecunda.Bi.
feceturitam angulus s a ,; erit proinde r a
i^-f reto, nempe dimi.
QUIS dimiHn
dius dimidii nnillA
unius r*rr«ae» -ajCH -i-
cerciae unius reto i t 11 n ‘
hoc eft
itaq; rurfus -pf. Erir

ucas adai fiesr adri. Et

utas 6cai adsr&ri ficaradri.g
Quare ratio fimui utriuTque cruris a s, a 1
791-J-+. 8c 77N- hoc
P eft
 P

Ut GEOMETRI AB
eft y6i-$~f-ad 153 erit etiam ratio ai ad conterminum Tegmen»
tum rirmajorncmpe ratione i,i6z-£-ad 153. Fiant jam quadratira
dii i,id2y& contermini Tegmenti ri erunt 1,350^534-$-^ &C
13,409 totii aut per 5. e n.R.pro bifecance a r & ipTa a r 1,17

Atque haec fecunda anguli fuit bifedtio: trianguluniq; tertium

lateribus dimenTum. Sequitur tertia bifedlio anguli Icilicerrai.
Fiacitaq, angulus m a i-j-5-unius refti.eft em J
I hoceft-^-J-*
eritergo per praemiiTas ratiocinationes ratio limulutriuTq;cru«
xiaa r,a 1 1,172-5-+- &
i,id2-j-+-hoc eft 2,334-^+- ad 153. Eademque
aiadi m
major nempe ratione 2,334-»- ad »53. jam adde quadra-
tacrurum 5,448,713-^ & 23,409: totum erit pro quadraro a m»
& latus 2,339-^- r0 l aterc a m *

Atqj haec fuit tertia bifcftio,quartiq; trianguli laterum dimenr

fio.& hic habemus -5-7- totius periphcrix.Nam u aifuit-7-j%Er-
g°T 1 * it cmTT* .
-
Sed ad Tegmentum tangentis non fiic-
ratio totius diametri
cederet.itaq; angulus xaualisjam inventus aliter invenienda*
•fl,addendo aequalem ad inventi dimidium.
Quare Tequatur jam quarta bifeftio anguli nempe mai per
rcftam a n. Erit ergo n a unius retti nempe — J J [ J
hoc eft -j-j-.
Hic jam rati o per praecedentes ratiocinationes a i ad n, eft r* i

rio utriufque cruris ma&ai hoc eft 2,339^-+- & 2,334-3"*- id eft
4,673-^+- ad »5J.Arq; haftenus anguli Te&io quintuplex fuit.
jam ponatur angulo n ai aequalis angulus ia t: Erit ergo angit
lus nar squalis angulo m
ai hoc eft-^- totius peripheriae, ut
paulo ante patuit.ntiraqj erit lacus multanguli laterum 96 cir-
cumfcribcndi:quod nonagies lexies deinceps paribus interval»
lis circa peripheriam circumfcriptum totam figura complebit.
Hilce fabricis bilcftionis angulorum & triangulorum dimen
fionibus abTolutis ratio propohra fic colligitur.
Radius a ad Tegmentum in majorem rationem habctquam
i

4,d73-f ad 153. ut jam innotuit.

Ac. uc radius ad, r n fic diameter ad n r. Eft enim diameter dn.
 R O TV ND /, L T B. VIIT. .

pia radii &n dupla i n:& parrea multiplis funr proportionales.

r

Tora igitur diameter ad n t majorem habet rationem quam

4,673-j-ad 153. At (i 153 per 96 multiplices facies perimetrum cir-
cumlcripti multanguli 14., 688. jam ratio perimetri multanguli
ad diametrum eft tripla major 667-*- ipfius diamerri:qUemadmo
dum ex arithmetica rationum in veftigatione patet. Vel fic: a pe-
rimetro ter tollas 4,675 rcftaburtt 669. inde rurfu^-f cer ablata
relinquit 667^- ipfius diametri. Ac haec minor ede^uam feptima
»ars diamctri.Nam fepties 667 (une 4, 67 2-f. numerus unitate
{cilicet minor quam diameter. Ergo perimerer multanguli late-
rum 96 circumfcripti tripla cft diametri circularis, fed paulo mi
nor fefquifeptima,unitare nimirum unius feptimae. Quare pe &
quidem diametri cft,fed multo minor fefquifepri
ripheria tripla
ma.Eft enim contenta peripheriahtfcripti circuli. Ergo conti-
nente perimetro nona fexanguli circumlcripti minor.
Atq; haec demonftrarionis pars prima fuic: altera fupereft r
Peripberiam ad diametrum triplam ejfe multofejl &
ejuioflava majorem.
Fabrica efthicprimo urante inferiprionis nonafexanguli per
quintuplicem anguli Pelionem &
triangulum quintuplex. inde
ratio inferipti docetur ad diametrum tripla & major fefquiotta-
va.Sed fabrica doceatur.Sitcirculus^b ei.cum inferipto lexangu
li latere i e. conncftaturq; e cum termino diametri o erit angu-:

lus ioe-j-reftr.Namduftoradioe a triangulum i ac efttequila- •

teru,& per g.c.io.e.d.R. angulus i a e eft-f refti. Quare per 9. e.3.

angulus i o eerii-f-rc&i:nempe dimidius anguli in centro.
Acq; haec ut prrma anguli leftio eftrfic triangulum c o eft pri- i

mum in fabrica hac.Ejus latus o i eft duplum lateris e irdiamerer

nempe fui radii.itaqjfi fumamus menfuram radii ;8o(Orontius
utantetangentis e i menfuram pofuit 11 fic hicradium facit^)
erit diameter oi 1,560. jam tolle quadratum radii 608,400 de
quadrato diametri 2,4^, 6oo.relinquetur per 5.e.ii.R. 1,825,100'
pro quadrato e o:cujus quadrati latus eft paulo minus quam
r,3$i.id fic deinceps notari poterit 1,351 — » Quare fecans
*
e o ha-
bebic
P
* '
«

f*»
“*» Tlf

bebht
 J

'
k o rr nd r, l i b. v in . n?
bebit minorem rationem ad i e quam 1,351 ad 780. Acq; fic primi
trianguli latera dimenfa funt.
Sequitur quadruplex fubbife&io anguli io e.Bifccetur itaque
refla o u.&conneflatur &u.fienc triangula oey,oui aequian-
i

&
gula.Nam anguli ad u e funt aquales per 15^.3: angulus etiam
1 o u aequatur angulo u o e ex fabrica.Ergo per c.3.e.7.R.reliquus

reliquo erit aequalis.Quare per p.e./.R.

uto e ad e y ficu oad ui.
At ut o ad y fic o e ad e y per ii.e.tf.R.
i i

Ergo ut i o ad y fic uo ad u i.
i ?- >

Et quia eA ut eo ad o i fic e y ad y i: erit percompofitionem

proportionum.
ureo& ey&
oi ad oi fic yi ad yi.
ttaq; alterne
uroiadyificeo&oiadey,&yihoceAei.
Sedutoiadiyficuoadui. i
Ergo ratio u o ad u e A ratio e o & o i ad e i.
i

Hic enim numerus perpendicularis maner, qui poAea fi no*

ratione:terminis tamen rationis variatur.
Addanruriraq; e o,& o hoc e A 1,351 i & »,5<fo.totn 2,91»——
erit o u. Quare minor ratio eA u o ad u i quam 2,911 ad 78o.jairt
addantur quadratum u o 8,4.73,921 & quadratu u i 608, 4.00:
totum per 5.e.i2.R erit quadratum diametri o. totiusque latu* i

erit3,oi3-J-;-|47-^ oce ^3> 0, 3 4 Quare diameter oi ad u i mi-

,

norem habet rationem quam 3,013-i- ad 780.

Atq; fic prima fuit bifeflio anguli &fecudi trianguli dimefio.
Secundo itaq; bifccetur angulus i o u refla i s.erit ergo angu-
lus io s-pf- rcfli uniut nempe hoceA-^.jamconnefta-
tur refla o s fecans,cum termino i.
Quia igitur per prsmiftum ratiocinium triangula muo,iso
funtxquiangula:eric ’
. .

ut o u ad u m fic o s ad s i.
At ut o ad 1 m fic o u ad u p :2.e.rf.R. alternatis terminis.
i m &
Ergoucioadimficosadsi. p 3 Et
nt GEOMETRI AE
Et hinc at ance concludetur per compolitionem proportio-
num efTe s o ad s i ut u o & o hoceu2,pn & 3,0134^ eft
i

5,9i4--^adsi;8o. Reducatur jam uterque terminus ad integra

proporcionalia,mulciplicationc nempe per 4‘habebunturince-
gri 23,699 — Sc 3,120 :rurfusq;wicegri reducantur per maximam
menfura commune 13 ad minores proportionales 1,823 fi: 240 —
hoc eft ratio s o &>s minor eft ratione 1,823 ad 240.
i

jam addantur quadrata reduttorum 3, 323, 329 & 57,600. to- —

tu erit pro diametro o 3,380,9:9. totiusq; latus erit 1,838
i

Quare diameter o ad si minoris eftrationis quam 1,838-7-f-ad

i

240.Ec haec fecunda fuit bifeftio & certii trianguli dimenlio.

Tertio bifecetur angulus s o i perreftam o r. Triangula erunc
ut ante xquiangula.ratio o rad r i conncdtenre, erit ratio o i dia-
metri & s o hoc eft 1,823—>8c 1,838^*4 —
id eft 3, 66>-pf ad 240. —
Reducito hiepartes ad integra proportionalia multiplicatione
per 11 facies 40,280 & 2,640 hoc eft falta di vifione per commu-
nem menfuram maximam 1,007-*— ad 66. Horum jam quadratis
—
1,014,049 & 4, 356 additis, totum eritquadratum diametri,
—
diamcter^ueipfa 1,0094) Quare io adri eftrationis minoris
quam 1,0094^ 66.
•* -Haec tertia erat bifeltio ubi angulus ro i cft-j-^-refth nem-
pe -j- ^ 1
hoc cft-j-^iEtdimenlio fuictrianguli quarti.
j

Quarto jam bifecetur angulus ro per reltam or. Triangula

i

erunt ut prius sequiangula & ratio i o diametri & r o hoc eft

:

»,007 — & 1,009-f — eft 2, 0164 —

ad 66 erit ratio o t ad t i.jam
adde quadrata o r,f 4^064,828-5-4 & 4,356. totum erit pro
i —
quadrato diametri. fictum diameter erit 2, 0174 Quare diame —
ter o i ad t eft minoris rationis quam 2,0174 ad 66. Contraq; la-
i

tus it ad. o majoris eftrationis quam 66 ad 2,0174. Edic quarta

i

fuitanguli bife£tio:ubi
1 0 eft-^-g-refti.Sc quidem-^ peripherif.
i

Namuoieft-r4 crgoaoieft -4 8trio ^4 itaqjto i-5-4 totius

-j

peripheriae. Quare refta c eft nonagelima fexta pars inferipti

i

multanguli. Neq; modus ille duplicati anguli e prima parte huc

repeti cur: quia fumicur tota diameter non radius, itaque fabrica
« fic
 R O TV ND f, LIS. VIII. irf
fieeftrperquam inventum lacus nonagies fexies infcriptum to*
tam peripheriam fubrender.Hinc jam ipfaracio ira pa^t. comi*
tus iulcripti fit <J6.hocpcr 96 multiplicatum, faciet perimetrum
totam 6,336. Acdiametereft 2, oi7-y. Quare ratio 6,336 ad 2,017-5*
eft tripla major 284.-5- ipfius diametri ut ex Arithmetica inven-
tione conitar. Vel , urante, e perimetro tolle 2,017 remanebunt
28?.hinctoilc rer-^-hoceft-i-relinquentur284.~ipfius diametri.
Harc reliqua majora Tunt -y-f ergo quam -j- majora exiflunr. itaqj
perimerer inlcripti multanguli fuperat diametrum triplo &fef-
quioftavo. ideocj; peripheria major ,quia continens,mulio ma-
gis luperat.
Qiiare ut tota Archimedea demonftratio concludaturperi-
>hcria diametri eft tripla &
fere fefquifeprima. Minorenimefl
{elquil eptima, major felquioftava.fedpropior fefquifrptimx:il-
lic enim
deeft unicas unius feptimae:hic reliquum partibus plu-
rimis majus quam -y-f &, ideo quam Quare vicinum magis &
vero propinquum allumprum.
Ethoc Archimedeum ratiocinium tora pofteriras fermereti-
nuit:eocj; vulgo data diametro autperipheria alterutrum inve-
ftigarur. ftatuicur enim peripheria talium 22 qualium diameter
eft 7-Ergo fi detirr peripheria 88.erit ut
22 ad 7 fic 88 ad 28 pro diametro quaefira. Et fic deinceps..
Detur rurfus diameter 56. Quserirurin tali menfura periphe-
ria. Erit ergo \
ut 7 ad 22 fic 56 ad 76 pro peripheria quaefira.Non eftoc-
1

clufa via perveniendi eciam Archimcdeo modo ad accuratio-

rem rationem, poterit enim affumi mulranguluadfcribendum
multorum laterum aliquot centenorum aut millenorum mil'-
Iium.& radius fimiliter partium vel cerities millies millenarum
millium. Nam cum accuratius inveniri terminos rationis nul-
lum eft dubium. Hoc cuilibet Mathemarum candidato tranan-
dum relinquo. Et hinc jam geodaelia circuli eft.
Iraq;
2. Punus i radi0 &peripheria dimidio ejl area circuli»
' *
Archimedea
 '
/i# geometri ae
Archimedes in dimenfione circuli triangulum e femifle peri-
metri tanquam altitudine & diametro tanquam
bafi circulo

xquat.Hinc varia extiterunt axiomata, planum radii 8c periphe

ri® duplum ede are* circuli ,Theon a. c. i. in Pcolem.& paulo
poft: Planum femilsis r .d:i & perimetri elTeaream.Rurfus: Pla-
num diametri & quartx partis peripherix ede aream.Et alia plu
ra.Qu* tamen ex elemento jam polito cognita parallelogram-
midoftrina non erunt ignota. ,

Efto jam peripheria data ^etiam ignota diametro

peri e dabitur 14.

* 54
-

jam planus e 7 & ti hoc eft 154. eft area circuli.

Reftanguli autem hujufmodi oblongi latera duo oppofica
funt in diametro :& in peripheria duo reliqua
oppofita conti-
,im *** "*
nentur.Quare binorum di midia adumuntur tantum
<“
:

re&angulum comprehendatur per ».c.a.e.u.R.

Er v- raE
ut 14 adir,Jic quadratum diametri adcirculum .
Proportio diametri quadrat* ad aream circuli ex Archime-
dea illa ratione eft. Et dantur hic tres termini proportionis po-
teftace.undc circulus in venitur.
Sic
 1

R O V T T, ND
L T B. V TU. rjr
Sitenim diameter 14 ejus quadrarum eftiprf. jam ut 14 ad m,
ad circuli aream: quae propterea erit 154utanre.Ec
£ic 1 j>6 erit

hoc e dimenfo circulo &c quadrato per analylin patet.Nam ratio

15)6 ad 154 eft ratio 14 ad 11.

Et ©ft hic tetragonifmus paulo a fuperiori diverfus Efl<j; Eu- :

clidis apud Heronempropofitus. paulo tamen fecus eo fcilicec

modo quoafphaericis(licenim elementarii Aflronomi falutan-
tur) vulg6 proponitur.Si de quadrato diametri-^ tollantur: re-
linquetur area circuli. Ut in addito exemplo experiri pores.
Nam — de 196 funt 41 quibus ablatis de iy 6 relinquuntur 154
pro area circuli.
Ec .

4. Planta e radio &peripheria quadrante efl areafe-

micirculi.
ut retento fuperiori exemplo plaruis e 7 radio per n quadran-
tem peripheriae nempe 77 ert lemicirculus. Sed, ut ex definitio-
ne femicirculi patet, poteftdimenfioifthaec Heri fumpto dimi-
dio dimcnfi jam circuli.
Ec
/. Planta } radio & bafu dimidio eff areafecloris in
centro.
Ex eodem illo fonte Tegmentorum geo daefia perficitur. Sint
circuli a e i tres feftores quorum bafes fine ae 12 pedum, e i iti-
dem pedum 12, a i vero pedum
7 y- Erit ergo per 1 e radius 5.
diameter enim invenitur pe-
dum 10. jam multiplica 5 per 6,
fa&us erit feftor alteruter ae-
|ualiu nempe pedum 30. Rur-
Jus multiplica 5 in quotus
erici8f pro tertio femore. Ec
ex his additis totus circulus
reftituitur 78-f.quantus inve-
niretur efTe cxpraecedcncibus.
Km
m
 -

• •**
/ .

MZI GEOMETRI AE
Et
6 Si triangulum e duobus radiis
. &
ba(i ma )oris fettur-
nis addatur duobus in eaJecoribus centri: totus erit area,
feciion is maioris :ftn detrahaturfuofeciori: reliquum erit
area minoris .

ut in praemiffo fchemate fit triangulum ao i pedum 12 nempe

ii a ibafis majoris fit pedum 6 erit altitudo 4. hinc 6 per 2 aut 4
:

per 3 faciunt i2pro area trianguli.jam fi hfc dwob.leftoribus fui*

ao e, e o i nempe 60 addatur:totus 72 erit area majoris feftioni»
a e i. Rutfus idem triangulum tollatur de le&ore a o i 18-J-rema»
nebit minorfc&io d-jr.

Hinc oritur eriam geodaefia plani ovati ,

& ejus quod vulg6>
lenticula vocatur.
Efto enim ovale planum a o e u.
cujus arcus ae-
Arales fintfigilla- e M-
tim pedum 14. 8c
ao pedum 12. Si-
gillarim igif me-
tire aeo,& auo.
taquam leftiones
circuli minores:
ateae enim parti-
culares 27.8027 colligent totam pedum ^4. Arundelongitudi-
nem radii capics:cujus noticia in dimenlione feflionis requiri-
tur?non alio certe modo:quam a o es dimenfus abloluto legio-
nis circulo. .

Offeratur jam lenticula, figura in cujus medio quadrangulum

ftfliutrinq; e duobus ejus lateribus femicirculi.ut figura ayo u.
Ejus fit latus a vel eo pedum 14.! o vero pedum 7. Erit pro-
i

inde per tetragonifmum circuli e y o vel a u pedum 22. i

Hinc area figurae oblatae facile datur. Nam faftus e <4 per 7
hac.
 * O T r ND T, L I B. VIII. 12 *
lioc efl p 8 eftarea
oblongi a o per
tf.e.n.K.
Er alterutrius
femicirculi area
eft77. Quare figu
rae totius area ert
25i.Etllmilis geo
daelia Fuerit in ii.

guris aliis miliis.

Atque ita Geo

mecria circularis
limplcx con-& 1
7
junftafuit. Verum inde non defcendemus ad Sphaeram: ante,
quam hujus Geometriae thefauros auro nobili quovis prccio-
rtorcs introfpexerimus.
• * 4 k • |

-
TH. FINKII
TRIAE
GEOHE.
ROTVNDI,
Liber Nonvs.
Dc canone triangulorum.
Geometria circulari Canonem triangulorum in
ajfumpta menfura tam penpberia quam diame-
tri licet conjicere.

Hoc nobis portularum eftorctijus fabrica ex fu

perioribus cuivis in promptu eric. Nam Cano-
nem triangulorum valgi vocant eum
qui rertas femicirculi ad
quadrantis partes deferiptas continer.Tale huc transferre
Volui.
Nihil a Geometri^ fublimirare comitti arbitror alienurli
termini
circulares certa menfura definiantur. SiinrMathematicorum
hy
poihefcs multae-.licet iis qui regula falli vulgari ortinturmetam
<3 z (ibi
t*4 GEOMETRI AE
fibi praefcribere in aflumptorum multiplicatione quod fic faci» :

li as quaedam infir. Etsertehypothefi huic m3gna inerit facili-

tas. Sine enim ejufmodi aflumpta menfura 'praecepta calculi in.
fequentia difficillima &
obfcura reddenturreum propter exem»
piorum trafiationem prolixam , tum etiam inveftigationis tae»
diumatqjlaborem.Etpotcrirquaelibet oblata alia abalTumpta
diverfa menfura per regulam auream affumptae accommodari.
Retinebiturautem ea quae Aftrologis in ccelu eflderivata: quod
ejus ufus non tantum cceli cardines coelcftiumque domicilia di.
Ainxit:fed & terram climatis di Aribuit imo in omni re fic men» :

furanda fit adhibitus. Hypothefis ergo menfurae fic erit:

2. ^Menfura penphena ajfumpta fic esi
:
peripherici
partibus 360 esi divifapars in 60 fecatur fcrupulapruna :
Scrupulumprimum in 60fecunda: fic deinceps. &
Pars vulgo gradus vocatur :fed ufitatius & generalius hicefl
partisvocabulum. DiAributiohaecPtoIema:ieA:ante quem in
«fu fuifle ex Erato Ahene &. Hipparcho cognofcimus menfuram
peripheriae partium 83. Vide Ptol.io.c.i. Pars deinceps quaelibet
in fua e A divifa fcrupula fexagefima: quae fuis notia infigniun-
turhocmodo:
,
• II IHf W! a,

dextrum numeris adpofitis.utfifcribas 10

lineolis ad latus
prima 20 fecunda i5tertia.id hoc modo facies
j
IO. 20.
n »n
IJ .

Vulgo etiam putantur habere peculiaremur notationem fic

numerationem maxime conjungam per tabulam Hexaconta»
don. At tabula haec nil nifi reduftionem continet fagorum £ da»
tis tern inis:ncc femperea nobis adeA.
Retenta haec fuit Ptolcmxi difiributio a pofieris tam partium
peripheiiae quam partium minutorum quod hinumeri3tfo& :

60 lut crent plures menfores itaq; & quotos vicifsim metien»

.

tis p<oindeq;efientadnumerationesaptiores&magis accom

modad.Suni enim numeri peripheriae jlo.menfores primi qui-
dem
 1

X 0 T V H D L LIS. IX.
dem i, 2, 3, 5. Compofiti vero 4, 6 8, 9,'to, 12, 15,
, 18, 20, 14,30,3$,
40,45,60,72, 90, 120, 180,360, numero viginti quatuor;ut ex
Arithmetica inventione pater.
Sic 60 invenies menfores duodecim f, 2,3, 4, 5, 6, 10,12,15,
20, 30, 60.
Sed typus ucriufqj exempli rem ob oculos poncc
1 360
5 7*
3 120
24
9 4®
2 180
19 3*
6 60
3® 12
«8 20
90 - 4
4* 8
Quo fignificatur.-fi dividas 3$o in 5 tum -f
fore 71: fi in 3 tum
-f
fore 120. iijn 90 tum^-ifore 4. Vel contra fi concipias 360 di-
vidi in 72 tu -y-p erit 5.6 in 120 tum -pp^ erit3.fi in tu erir po.
4 j
Sic in meniura minutorum ac fcrupulorum
t 60
r* i 20
? 12
J
5 4
2 3°
6 10
S 6o n‘3 di v ida s eri 1 2 o.fi in tu m
1
f 5. -f erit 12 vel con tra:ut ex
Arichrnericisinvenrionibus confiat. Et hinc jam facile erit peri*
pheriara in partes alsis fecare quod utile eft. Ssepe apud
:
enim
authorcs elegantis ftudiofos afsis nominibus anguli &arcus
nominamur. Quare ut in promptu fini hicaccipc,

q 3 'In
226
126 G E 0 M E T R I AE .* s
\
•
*
. f - ,1'
In partibus i *•> .#
*
.. \ i

uncia 3°
Bes 240 -i/ ^
Sextans 60 Dodrans 270
Dextans 300 -
*

Quadrant 1

Triens 120 Deunx 330 •

Quincunxi^o As 360.
*

Semifsis 180 unciae partium nomina raro impou-

Septunx 210 ta hifce partibus leguntur.
Sicinurupulis
As 60 Semifsis 30 uncia 5
Deunx 55 Quincunx 2f
Semuncia 2 3®
Dextans 5 ° Triens Duella ' 1 4 ®
20
Dodrans 45 Quadrans 15
B^s 4° Sextans 10
Ergo haec afiumipta menfura e fto ad qua regula aurea omnes
:

alias accommoda!bit.Sic Ptolemaeus dicit Erarofthenem obfer-

valTe tropicorum diftantiam partium n qualium circulus in pe-
ripheria habet 83. Quaeritur quanta fuerit in noftra mcnfura.Au-
fea.reguJarcfpondebir.Sicumpcripheriaeftpartium 83 dican-
tia eA 11. Ergo fi peripheria fit 3^0 diftantia erit 47 42' 3?" &
paulo ultra. hoc e A parti u 47 & partis plus bclfe, minus dodra te.
Diameter ajfumiturpartium 20,000,000.
ratiocinium Archimedeum lequamur ex aflumpta periphe
Si
riaemenfura diameterefict 114-pf.AtPtolemaeus contentus ra-
tione peripheriae ad diametrurn qualicunque diametrum ponit
120. Quod nulla habita ratione peripheria: ad diamerrum fieri
potefl. unde reccntiores ur fcrupulortim evirarem involutio-
nem in multiplicationibus & divifionibus* numerorum circa,
utplurimumfuntafymYnerrae alii alirer ratio-
ipfas lineas, quae :

na^m conftitueruntdfametrUm. Artfahel eam pofuitpartium

•

^oo.Regiomontanus 12, 000, 000. irem 20, 000, odo quae men-
fura deinceps eftretenra,a Gopernico tamen Apiano aliis cir- &
culis duobus imminuta. Nonnulli retinent Ptolemaei menfu-
ram,& canones luos ad fexagelurum revocant numerationem.
 R O TV ND r, L l B. IX.
Qu^ ratio vel co no nine cft laboriofa.-quod canone tali uti non
polsis nili crebra infipeftione tabulae numerationis aflronomi-
caeiquxnon lcmperadeft:& (i adfit vifum no mediocriter laedir.
Polita jam hac diametro facile erit nobis canonem triangulo-
rum ad lingulos quadrantis gradus fingulorumq; minuta perfi-
cere. Cujus ulus ut melius innotefcat & altius h.erear ; ejus lyn-
raxin breviter e luperioribus reperam :prim6 quidem canonis
/inuum,viaPtolemaei ac Regiomontani Puroachii. Latera &
iraq; infcriptorum reftilineorum ex libro feptimo lic habent:
Trianguli 120. 17,320, 508 «4 e
Quadrati 90 »4,14.2, 1 3<S 4 e
Qumquanguli 72 755, 704 20 e
Sexanguli 60 10,000,000 it e
Decanguli r 36 . 6y l80, 340 >5> e
Quindccanguli 24. 4, »58, 2J4 22 e
jam per 10 .e.? erunt finus
60 8, 660, 254
•

45 7, 071, 068
5> 8 77, «5»
*
3° 5, ood^ 000 ,
•'

18 3, 090, 170- •
•

w *, °79, i»7 t
#

Et hincperji.e.y finus colliguntur complementorum nempe

*\ p. 54 8,090, 170
72 9,510,565
.
78 9, 781, 47<f.
His jam finibus datis invenies per 2o.e«5 finus femifsium
pe—
ripheriarum:Schinc tum per 9.6.5 finus complementorum le-
milsium:& continue in his deinceps. Exempli gratia daturli-
nus 5+ &ejus complemenci 36. illic 8, 090, 170 ‘hic
5,877, 852-
Quod fi jam velis quaerere linum arcus 2 7 femifsis nempe
54^
Q^neies linu fecundfi
p 54 per 17.6.5 nempe 10, 000,000 minus
5,877,852 hoc e 11 4,122,148-jamper 2o.e.5 ut5,ooo,ooo ad lina
arcus 27, fiefinus 27 ad 4,122,1 8. Ergo exproportionc
4 continua
latus,
ni v GEOMETRI AE
latus farti a 5,000,000 per 4., m, 14.8 nempe 4,539, 905 eftfinut
quxfitus nempe pcripherie gr.27.
Eodem ratiocinio
invenies finum cuiufcunq; dimidii arcus:
fichujus ipfius nempe p. 13,30' &
rurfus hujus p, 6, 4.«? tum fingu»
loru complementoru Imus primo. 63. tum p. 76,30' tu p.83,1^. Ec
horum complementoru dimidiorum finus ut p, 31, 30' rurfus p, 15.
45 8c jSj^.Et horum rurfus complementa affumes invenies li. :

nus p. 58,3^.74, 15' p.51,4^. Et horum fumere potes femifles

p.i5,45.p 29,15' & horum complem. p.74,1^ 8c p.60,4^.
Sic examinatis reliquis arcubus multorum invenies finus.
Sume gr.30. ejus finum habes. ergo per prxmifium ratiocinium
invenies finum gr.15.8c hinc finum complementi gr.75.jamrur»
fus ex finibus gr 15 Sc gr.75 invenies finus gr. 7,30', gr. 37,30' gr.82,
30' gr. 52, 30.Rurfus ex his invenies finus gr.3, 45' gr.18,4^ gr. 41,

15' gr.26,15 gr.86,i5gr.7i,i5 gr.48,45' gr.63,45'.

Sic fi fumas g.45 finumnnvenies hinc fimili indurtione finus
gr.22,30' gr.67,30' gr.11,1^ gr.33,4^ gr. 7 8, 4 y gr.5 6,i£
Sic fi alRimus finum gr.18 invenies methodo fimili finus gr.9.
gr.8i.gr-4, 30' gr.40,30. gr.85,30' gr. 49,30'. gr.z,i< gr.10,15' gr. 42,

4< g r -*4>4_5 gr-87,45 g r 6 9>45 gr-4 7/< gr.65,1

- <{.

Rurfus fumas 12 finum. habebis hinc finum6 8c 84. gr.3.gr.

gr.

42 gr.87 gr.48 gr.1,30 gr.21.gr. 43, 30' gr.

24 gr.88,30' gr. 69.^46,
30' gr.UU.gr.o,45 gr.10,30' gr.2i,4f gr.44,15' gr.34,30' gr.23,15 gr.3j.
gr.89.15 gr.79,?°- gr-68,if gr.45,4.5'.gr.55,3o'.gr.66,45 gr.57.8c ex
his rurfus femifsium , femifsiumq; complemecorum. prout non
tantum in his fed 8c aliis numeris calcographus indurtionem
inftituetdccalcuIumadhibebit.Etficmaxima pars canonisab»
folutaeft. Verum iniis ipfis compendium fyntaxeos fupraad
t5.e.7.propofitum non eft negligendum. Eo enim fola numera»
tio fimplex finum inveniet. Exempli gratia habes finum e fu»
perioribus gr.17, 15', habes etiam finum gr.42,4^.
Illic 2,965,416.
Hic 6,788.007
Ergo his additis 9,753,423 habes finum arcus com»
poliri
 ROTVNDT. LIB. IX. n9
pditi igr.^o &i7,r<hoceft g. 7 7 ,i<(.Qiiiauterq;
42,4 5'&gr.77,,/
co de in cervi Ilo abelt a partibus do nempe lexcante peripherice.
Sichabes linum 78 irem linum gr.18.
Illic 9,781,4 76
Hic 3, 090,170
Ergo invicem
eft
fnblatis d,d9i,
gr.4x.0uem laboriofius praeditto
$od erirpro Cnu gr.do — 18 hoc
modo inveftigaiTes.
Rurfus habes (Inus gr.d6.& 54.
IHic 9,137, 45*
1
Hic 8,090,170
Ergoreliquut 1,045,285 erit pro finn gr. 6 quanto
.

nempe intervallo alteruter datorum arcuum i gr.6o abeft. Eo-

dem modo in reliquis inducenti calcographo magnum fynta-
xeos compendium paratum eft.jam vero pro complendo cano-
ne finusgr.i&fcrupuliiinvettigandus eft. idque ex collatione
fiee.Si non prxcift inveniemus:inveniemus
tamen
Efto in fubjefta figura arcus a e gr.i.
n m
ly\,vsx-

ao.ai vero gr.0,4^. Et fitaogMcujus

linus quaeritur. Etfitfinusaequidem
refta u e.arcus vero a i refta u t. quaeri-
tur ergo u p. dividatur a e in fex aequa-
les partes nempe quadrantes gradus
unius. Daturautem exinventione lu-
periori u t 130, 89d. u e vero 161,769.
iam fi dividas u t in tres aequales par-
tes habebis 43,632 qu? eft ma/or
quam
rt,ide0 ^ uc etiam m^ofqaam tp pem.e.5. /amfiad-
das Tt g
& 6tl
habebis fummam »/*». majorem certe quam fit u
nus unius gradus. p C.

Rurfus quia ur eft 130, 89d.& ue

vero 2di,7d9.eritteno 871

;am
r^i G EO METRI AE
jam fi addas ut f* -+ * r
'

&
.

- *•>
43 »**+
’\' n

habebis fummam 174,510 minorem fane quam fic ti p gr*

dus unius finus.
Quare cum 174,528 fit major.174,520 fit minor:mcdtum certe
eligamus oportet quo finelenhbilt errore uti poisimus nempe
'
174,514. pro finu unius gradus. ii

Hmcjam exlupejioribus viis ac modis innorefeer finus com

plementi Sp.irem finus Icmifsis 50' 44,50' tum 89.50' & 45 jrf.
&
rurfus hinc finus 15 gr.airqf.gr. 44, 4^ gr.2i,45 g r *Kp> 4 ^ g r* 57 > 45 «
gr.45,15 gr.67,if.&c lic deinceps.
maxime vicinorum colligetur finus fcrupu«
Simili collatione
li unius 1,909 fere, parum enim decd. Hinc dabitur finus duo«
rum fcrupulorum praecedenti methodo ut illic diminutionis
ex
fic hic auCtionis viiex io.e.5.Dchinc4'icem 8', 16', 51', & horum
complementorum &femifisium complementorum. Arq-, fimili
inductione totus tandem perfeftus canon cft :.quem hilce coiw
ftruCtum methodis fcias.
Sequitur canonis hujus triangulorum pars altera, quse vulgo-
canon foecundus.nobis canon tangentium dicitur:& canon hy-
pocenufarum Khetico,nobis canon lecantium vocatur.
Canon tangentium lr Rltcinholdo componitur per24. e. y.
nempe hoc ratiocinio; ut finus arcus verbi gratia graduum 89
(hocenimexemploErafmus utitur)ncmpe 9,998,477 ad linum
complementi nempe gradus unius i74,524,licradius ad 174, 59«
tangentem gradus unius. Sed hoc tamen notandum eft cum
Unus gr. *. non praecifc habeatur ^ncc hanc tangentem ede ac*
curatam.
Canon fecantium.feu utaRhcrico vocator canon hypotenu-
farumk Rheinholdo eodem loco componitur per 28.0.5. ut fi-
nus arcus exempli graria 89 nempe 9,998,4/7 ad radium ficr»—
dius ad 10,001,515 (ecantem gr.i.ubi quod dc ungeuic ante mo-
auifjdemhicnoji tranfeo. .
. r-
t
 2 0*T P N D I, L I B. TX.
nt
H*c methodus ert:fed comparatio tangentis & fecantis com
pcndia largitor ea de quibus cil$o & $i. e.5. quasque ad
fynraxin
per loiam numerationem primam plurimum conducunt:fi
fupe
noti methodo tangentes arcuum in promptu finr.
Sola enim
tum ut dixi numeratio prima reliquam canonis triangulorum
partem perficiet. Exempli gratia.
Tangens gr.i.eft 174,550. At femifsis huius
complementi ell 9,816,974. tangens gr.^^-j-

Ergolumma 10,001,524. eftprofecante unius gradus.

Rurius quia datur fecans unius gradus jam inventa

gens gr.u
10,001,525. & conflat tan-
— 174,55«
V
Ergofumma »0,176,076 eft pro tangenre gr.45-i-
nempe datae peripheriae gr.i.auftae IcmifTe lui complementi.
Et nc limuicanon tangentium canonem fecantium
compo-
nit, 6cabeo vicifsim componitur: fic necerfe fit. Sequitur
de ttfu
tamen ex jam dialis notus efle poterat.
4. Canonis exterior pars in margine
fupero partespe~
npheria ijuadrantis, in ftmfiro partium fcrupula
prima
continet : int erea tn area eommuni partis
fer alta rettas
up
" femicirculi .
^
Et Wbc elementum fyntaxeos cft. pars
exterior nobis duobu.
membris perfici mr margine fupero & Gniltro.
qui vulgo caput
frons.lnprema pars tabulae item limes &
latus finiftrum dicunl
tur.m hilce iram marginibus canon ira
continetur utarcus in iis
linr totius qua drantis:e;'usqj gradus
finguli nempe 00 fingulo-
rumq; minuta prima, gradus margine flipero
continentu?,gra-
diumq; fcrupula finiftro.
’ b
Interior pars vulgo venter rabulae
dicitur, ea areas continet
hneis duplicibus diftinflas rranfverfis
:

areae illas (quae vulgo communis

&
perpendicularibus,
angulus, communis interfe-
ctio, profdis angulatis dicuntur)
conrinentin communi con-
* 2 curlu
)} z
'
€ E O M E T R / AS ,

curfu gradus fcrupuliq;refta»fcmicirculi: nempe in canone fi-

nuum tinus, in capone tangentium tangentes &c. ut (i offeratur
arcus gr.2o,}o'
tibi &
cupias ejus quaerere linum. Quaere in fu-
pero margine gr.ao in liniftro 30 jam area communis gr.20 30' &
habet linum 3,501,075. arq; haec inventio vulgo laterali ingreifu
heri dicitur. Quod fi jam detur fimis 3,501,075 & cupias ejus ar-
cum invcnire:quod vulgo areali ingrefiu fieri dicitur, quaeres in
interiori parte donec inveniasmam inventus in lupero margine „
oftendirgr.2oinlimftro 30 Icrupula. Quare fi datum inaltera
parte fit in reliqua erit quaefitum fi nempe praecife detur ftacim
:

prima infpeftioHe quariirum olfertur.Sin minus ficquaeres.

/. Si datum in fua canonis parte pracise non fit : diffe-

rentia dati dr proxime procedentis e ratione differentia

proxime vicinorum datorum ad differentiamfuori qua-
fitorum conclufa parsproportionalis addita quafito prace-
dentik eft dati quafitum.
Aftrologi pafsim in fuis libris de parte proportionali inqui-
renda praecepta inculcanr: cjusq; prollhaphaerefin variam do-
cent pro ratione infinitarum Aiarum tabularum. Verum nobis
fufficir ea propofuifie qua; praefenri canoni > ranquam reliqua-
rum tabularum Phoebo inferviant. Efto igitur datus arcus gr.
2o,3o',io":Hujus quaeritur finusrquaerirur tanges-.quJEruurfccas.
Datum in canone quaefitum, & quxfitum in fua parte nempe
exteriori non in venitur praecife.neq; igitur quaefirapr;cife ade-
runt. Quomodo ergo elicienda ? Quaereturdifferentiadati Sc
proxime ea in parte canonis procedentis. datum eft gr. 20, 30', 20"
proxime praecedens eft gr.io,3o'.Ergo differentia ent 20".
Rurfus queratur differentia proxime vicinorum datorum. da-
tum proxime fcquens cft.gr.2o,3»'.prf cedens gr.20, 3o'.Ergo dif-
ferentia eft fcrupuli primi:quanta fcmper in hoc canone eft.
1

jam quaerenda eft differentia quae litorum congruentium vici-

stis datis:& primo quidem in finibus.

Sinus ergo jpxime lequetis dati nempe gr.20, 31 eft 3, 504 , 79 f»

1 praeco-
 /

K O TV ND I, L I B. IX.
praecedentis nempe gr.20, 30' eft 3, 502, 07 5. Ergo diiferenria eft
2,724-ut in fequenti typo patet.

Seq. dat.gr.2o,3i'jDatum ipfum gr. 20, 30', 2 0*^.3,504,799

prae, dat gr.20,3o|praeced.dar. gr. 20,30 lp.3,502,075
20 h 71+
jam differenti^ 2o"eft concludenda pars^portionalis £2,724.
Quare ut fcrupulum hoc eft ut 60 fecunda: nam terminos die
1

proximo genere homogeneos oporrec:ur inquam 60 fe habent

ad 2,724 iic 20 le habebunt ad partem proportionalem quae»
:

71
fitam 908. <

60 20 2,724 poS
.
H*c pars proportionalis addenda erit finui proxime fiequen
tis dati nempe 3,502,075 &fnmma
3,502,983 e A linus quaefitus
peripheriae nimirum gr. 2 0,30', 20". Er Ac Imus inventus eft.
Tangens quoq;fimili modo invenietur, retentis enim diffe-
rentiis datorum: tangens grad. 20,3/ eft 3,742,164 at tangent
gr.2o,3o.eft 3,738,848.
Ergo differentia erit 3,3f6.ur fequens typus ob oculos ponit»

Seq.D. gr.20, 31jDat.gr. io,3o',2o"jQ 3,742,164*

prae. D.gr.2o ,3o| pr9c.gr.2o,3o

»1
3,738,848
aoi
| Q ;

3,316 •

Iraq; fi 6odant differentiam 3,316

tumzodabont ; v°5'r proporrionalen*
parrem addendam ad 3,738,848.
Et fumma
fic 3»7J9,953.erit pro tangente qugfita.
Eodem modo ex canone fecantium dati arcus fecans inve-
nietur 10,676,483»
Caeterum in ufu ii qui nec curiofi nimium nec nimis funt fcru
pulofi radio contenti funt 100,000. Quare &reliquis reliquo-
rum arcuum finibus, tangentibus Necantibus duas dextras fi-
t 3 gura».

t
p
m
'
•
GEOMETRI AB
gura* fivenota* pr«cidunt:ita tamen ut tertiae addatur unitas fi
rcjcS* duae 50 luperarint.Sic illis finus gr.10,30' eft 35,02*. nem-
pe rcjeftis 7 5 a
fine & &
addica ad o unitate.
Hoc ot in calculo non nimis accurato locum habere poteftt
itatamen in finibus non femper Jocum invenit: iis nempe qui
radio non multo funt minores. Fiet enim tum ut finus idem di-
yerfis arcubus competat: exempli gratia radius 100,000 non
/
-
tantum competet gr. j»o Fed etiam gr.85>,5s>'.gr.8j> 58 .grad.8j>,57'
J

ufq^ad 5ofcrupula prima, rurfus linus 99,999 non tantum eric

gr.89,4.p'fed & 89,42' acqj intermediorum.
Quare utpra:cifiohaecadmitti commode poteft in tangenti-
bus, fecantibus,finibus etiam quorum paulo ma jor cft differen-
tiate in finibus quorum differentis jam paulatim dectefcendo
fere evanefeunt locum habere non videtur.
&
Copemicus Rheticus atque alii areaies canonibus fuis ad-
diderunt differentiasraddidi t etiam Rheinholdus. Verum idem
nobis faciendum non putavimus. Cum enim differentia
elfe

non fit magna competens icilicet < ficrupulo non difficile erit
:

eam prima infpeftione invenire Arithmetic* peritos v quales

eflencceffe cft onnjes eos qui hac adire eorumque cognofcere
ufum volent.non, inquam, difficile erit: maxime fi duxpraeri-
dantur abinitio notae, nec nimium chartarum excrefcere cumu-
lum voluimus. Quod fi funt qui omiffas differentias non fe-
runt:ii ipfi differentias inquirant ac annotent. Et annotari qui-
dem poffunt inter ipfos numeros quorum funt differentiae te-
nui aliquo calamo :& fic femcl inventae femper effeufuipofi.
funt.Ac poffunt hoc modo per ocium differeotiaeinquiri. Qrr-
ties enim poftulat exemplum inventionem finuum:ium metho
do jam difta inveftigabis & differentiam tum inventam anno-
:

tabis. Sic iucceffu temporis omnium omnino arearum differen-

tiasper Iulum quafi cognofces &
annotabis.
Arq; fic partis proportionalis inventio in ipfi* areis quf ficum
invenit:eadcm erit ratio in marginibus.
Detur enim finus 3,502,983. *
V Quaeritur
 o

MMn d
* o t v
Quaeritor arcus ei competens
r, l r s. rr. > :Ht

Sinus datus in canonis fua parte nempe areis quaeGtus non

invenicurpraecifii. Sed eo niinorproxime eft 2.502,075. Erco
differentia hujus a dato eft 908.
jam proxime lequens fimis eA^^o^/pp.ergo differentia hu-
jus & proxime praecedentis eft 2.724.’
Tertio finui proxime iequenti competit arcas gr.20^1 prae-
cedenti gr. 20,30. Ergo diifeientia eft 1 ferup. primum,
quanta
fcmperhiceftuc lequens typus monftrarr

Da.Te. j,^o4,7p9|I>ar. 3,502,98310^ 20,3»

, D-x. pr. t,yo>,Q 7 ^pr.2,502, 75 |C^, 20,30 \v
"
VH 1 90 * J~ ' T
•
jam hinc concludenda eft pars proportionalis congruens $
.

lofccundis differentiae 908. Ergo fi differentia datorum vicino-

rum 2,724 eft fecundorum tfo, differentia 908 erit fecundorum
ao.pro parte p.quaefita.

V*4 ?o8 60 20.

jam
haec addatur quaefiro proxime praecedenti eritqu*fi-
fi

tus arcus, grad. 20,20', 20". Si modo arcus quaerendus fuit qua-
drantis peripheria minor. Nam finus datus per 8. e.
5 compe-
tit etiam grad. 159,29,40 peripheriae nempe reliquae
ad femi-
peripheriam . '
Quod jam inferiprarum finuum fecundorum inventione nr &
f n ct;Ca ^' s C0 n * f s
f. . 8 P cr '8.e.5 non eJVobfcura.Si enim
*

J.*
rnlcnpra arcus gr. 41 &
40 fecundorum quaeratur :
quaeretur fi-
nus lemif sis nempe gr.
Sinus inventus 3,5*2,982 fa
duplicetur eft quaefitainferipta nempe
7,005, 966.
Rurfus fj quaerarurarcus iuferipra»
7,005 966 inferiptae dimi-
diae tanquam finus 3,502,98] arcum quaero nempe
gr.io,2o',2«>V
is duplicatus eft arcus quaefitus.
'
a Qa*

(C* t
.
' '

-
s t

4
 »
‘T '
.

r* j* \k*.v-v > ji'

‘

J *i J4
f
/
.-»v.
..\
Hgy v r.»l.. v>
“
-,
CEOMETRTAE
dus
r\ nempe grad
r *
•
£,4.97,
1
017 pro finu fecundo quaefico.
Quod fi unus fecundi arcus
quaeratunfinus de radio relinquit
V
i» t
filium complementi arcus quaefiti.
^

Rurfus fi quzracunfinus fecundus arcus grad.no, 30',*^' penS.

e. 5. finus complemenci 3,502,913 cum radio eft finus fecundua
fc4-.
ejufmodi fecundus radio minuacur relinquitur Gnu*
**
Si finus
arcus qui cum quadrante reftituit arcum quaefitum.
A. /«.
r Et ha&enus Canonis fyntaxis &ufus;fequitur
v
•u* ipfc Canon.
aro
Maii jfrie > a.. , >* .>

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 1 9< 6 25 1

0 *
°l 774,524! 348,995 523,360 <7 9 7,5 <7
5 |

1 2,9 0 9 ) < 77,43

31 3 5 ‘,902 5 2,6, 2 65 7 O 0,467)
2 5,8 i 3
|
1 80,341
3 54,809 529,170 703,3 69
3 8,7 2 7 ]
•» 8 3,250 3 5 7,7 1 6 5 3 2,075 706,270
'

4 ]
I 1,6 } 1 6 (T, i
5 8 3 60,62 3 534,980 709,1 72
5 |
x 4,544 I 8 9,0 5 5 3 c 3,5 3 0 537,8 84 7 I 2,073
,

c x 7,45 3 »9 1,9 7 5 . 3 c 6,43 7 540,7 8 9 |

7 14,9751
7 2 0,5 6 2 I 94,8 8 3 3 ? 9,344 543 ,^ 94 |
7 I 7,8 76 )
13,271 I 9 7 79
'
8 , 372,25 1 546,598 7 2 0,7 7 7 1

9 15,1 8 0 200,700 375,15 3

|
549 , 5<>3 72 3 678 , )

l O 29,08 8 20 3,808 378,064 5 5 2,407 72 6,579

l l 3 1,997 2 O G ,5 17 3 8 o *97 1
5 5 5,3 ‘ 2 729,48 0
1 34 9 °<S -, 209,425 3 8 3,878 558,116 73 2,3 8 1
1 3 . 37,8 15 2 1 1,3 3 3 3 8 6,7 8 5 561,110 7 3 5,2 8 2
1 4 40,724 !
275,247 3 8 9 C9
, 2 564,024! 738,1 83 :
43,<*3 2 1
2 1 8, 149 392,598 566,928) 741,084
1 6 4 54 ff , > 2 2 1,0 5 7 395,505 569,8 3 2 743,985
17 49,^5 0 22 3 9 cr , 3 9«,4i 2 572,73 6 746,8 8 6
1 8 r 5 1 >35»| 22^,873 401,3 » 8 1 5 75,640 749,78 7
i 9 55,2G8| 229,781 404,215 ! 1
578,544 75 2,68 8

»0 58,177 |
2 3 2., ®8 9 407,131 5 81,448 755,5 8 8
2 1 Cl,OS 5 I’
2 3 5 , 597 |- 4 io ,038 584.3 5 2 75 8,48 9
22 <73,9 95 2 3 8,5051 4 ' 2, 944 587,256 76 1,3 89
|

1 3 er, 04 241,413] 415,851] 590,160 764,190

14 <7 9,8 1 } 1 244,317 I
47 8,^57 5 9 3,0 r 4 7 6 7, 1 8 0
2-5 72,72 1
1
2 4 "\ 2 2 9 |
411,663 595,967 770,090
2G 75 , 73 ° 250,1 37 424,570 598,871 772,99 1

X7 78,5 39 2 5 3 V°45 427,476 60 1,775 775,89 1

2 8 St, 448! 2 5 5*,9 5 5 430,3 8 2 |

6O4678 778,79
_-"2 5 84,3571 259, 8fii 43 3,28 8 607,5 8 2 7t t ,69
|
1

3*
8 7, 2 G 5 |
261,763 436,194! e 7 0448 5 1
784,591!
 1 7 5 11

3 ° 87 1*5 ,
Z 6 , 7*9
1 43 *, >94 |
010,485 784,59 i)

3 > 90, 1 74 Z G4,* 7 439, 00 1

|
013,389 787,49 l
j

3 i 93,o8 ) z* 7,5 85 442,00 6 |

616,191 790,3 9 1

3 3 95,991 170,49 } 444,9 2 1 619 19(5 , 7 0 3,29 I

34 98,90 l 173,401 447,8 8 1 02 1,0 99 |

7 9 O, t 9 l

35 101,809 z 7 *, 3 0 8
|
450,724 O 2 5,00 2
f
799,090
3^ 104,7 I 8 Z 7 9, 1 I * 45 3 ,<* 3 °) * 17,9 0 5 801,590
37 I 07,617 181,114 45 *,5 3 *| * 3 0,8 0 8 804,8 89
38 i 10,5 36 185,03 Z 459 44 i|, 0 } 3 , 7 ii 8 07,7 8 9
3» 1 1 3,445 z 8 7,940 4*2,348) * J *,* 14 8 io,08 8

40 1 1 3 5 3 z 9 0, 847 4 ° 5 ,i 5 3 |
* 39 , 5 i 7 8 r 3,5 8 7
4 1 1 1 9,2 0 z .
19 3,75 5 40.8,159) 042.420 8 1 0,48 0
4* 1 2 2 , 1*7 t Z9*,**3 47 >,o*5 j
045,3231 819,385
43 1 z 5,079 Z 9 9,5 7C 473,970) 048,220) 312*284
44 1 Z 7,9 8 8 30.1,478 47*, 870 )
051,129! 825,183
45 I
3 0,89* 3 05,3 85 47 9,7 8 l
j 054,031) 828,082
4* I 3 3,805 308,29 3 48 2,087 *5 0,9 34 8 3 0,0 8 t

47 » 3^,714 3 1 1,200 485,591 * 59,8 37 3 3 3,8 80

48 1 39,*zxj 3 t4, 1 0 8 48 3,49 8 * * 2,7 3 9 830,778
49 i4z,53i| 3 17,o 1 5 49 1,403 005,042) 339,077
50 >
45 439 , | 3 9,9 Z 2
t
| 494,308! G 6 8 , 44 8 + 1,575
5 * 148,348 3H,8 3o| 497,214! C 7 \ ,447 845>474
52 1 5 «,157 3 1 5,7 3 7) 500,119 <*74;;49l 848,372
53 1 54, 1<y 5 3 z 8, G45 1 503,024 6 v 7 ,l? l( 85 1,17 T
54! i5 7,.->74j 331,55x1 505,9x9 08 0', 153I 85.4,109
55| > 5 9,9 8 zj 3 34 459 , )
508,834 c 8 3,0 5 5 1
857,007
5 I *Z,8 9 I 7,3 *7) 511,740 085,9571
3 3 8 5 9,9*5
57 I *5v799| 340,274! 514,045 08 8,8 59) 8 02,8 03
58 I G 8,708 343 ,' 8 i 5 7,5 ° *9 1,70 8 * 5,70 1
> 5 1 1

59 I 7I *1*, 34*, 0 8 8 5 io ,455 * 94,* 03 8 08,059

|

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, 2,05 8,709 '

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53 i,5<r 1,979 1,741,18 1,912,080 2,104,29 3

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9 32,013,05!! 34,498,557 30,01 3,973 38,018,390

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39 107,250,080 131,841,070! 171 , 119,820
40 107,584,955 13r, 3 47,2 04I '171,984,431
41 10 7,92 1,201 132,857,174! 172 , 847,7 11
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50 1 * »,045,597 1 37,03 1,213 18 1,025,95 1

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43 |
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5 ° 1 * 4, 505 45 8 , 49 », 1 39,8 59 3,437,843,545

5 1 **, 554,348 498,255,1 1 5 3,8 9,709,42 3
t

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258,555,944 505,58 1,554 4,297,193,535
5 3 I
170,750,504 5 1 5,128,595 4» 9 i 1,255,540
54 i
272,898,205 520,90 i,i 52 5,729,542,555
55 1
275,080,457 528,9 1 5,79 8 5 , 875 5 & 7,278 ,

55 277,297,985 5 57,178,089 8,594,0 8,355 1

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 *

in
 -

TH, FINKII GEOME,

TRIAE ROTVNDI,
Liber Decimys.
_ \
De :calculo triangulorum. j

Eomctria circularis canonem triangulorum adhuc

nobis communicavit: fed jam etiam ufumejusin
calculo triangulorum docebit: & quidem plano-
rum hocinloco. Defphaericis enim inferius eric
fu o loco.

Kjlmflitudo anguli trianguli menfuratur arcu , cir-

i.

culi radii c dicio angulo in terminum cruris, angulum di

€lumfuhtendente .
Id hic in calculo triangulorum (iefumimus. Efl enim arcu*
ita deferiptus bafis anguli femoris in centro: Et ut balis ea ad in-
tegramperipheriamficangulusfcftorisad
compohrr- 0-J
: 1 — — 4. reftosper?.e.$.&
°- - A! -- :

rurfivei er z.c.8.e.?.$.Ergo angu<

lus&i suntmenfuram.
Sic in triangulis a ei. Si
centro i radio i a deferiba-
tur circulus: tum arcus ay
fubcenfus fcilicet angulo
ai e, eundem metietur.
Eodem modoliradio ie
deferibatur arcus e u.an-is
gulum diftum menfurabic.
Sunt enim arcus y a &c ea
fimilea*

Vnde
*7+

unde &
hoc confcquitur arcum , circuli ex angulo tanquant
centro defcripri , quemlibet, modo bafis fiat anguli fe&orisin
centro, efle meuluram anguli oppofiri. At nos radium definivi-
mus obinfequenrem triangulorum calculum.
Itaq;
2. Si bafu reclifat raditis circuli: crura eruntfinusfibk
oppofttorum angulorum. 20.p.i. Reg.triang.
Sit enim triangulum re&angulum
a ei 8cbjfi«ei radius circuli u e.
fiat

Dico e a dl*e Imum anguli oppofiri

eia.Namcumeaexthefifitperpen-
termino arcus e in diame-
dicularis e
trum a du&am per terminum u erit
i .

eafinusarcuseuhoceftexie anga-
li e i a.
Eodem argumento ficentro e de-
i au
feribasarenm patebit i linum anguli a e i. Vel hoc modo
a eiTe
probatur. Angulum a metiturperipheriaerotius p?rs quarta:8c
complementum u ehoceftangulieiaeftrcfiduumad quadran-
tem,hoceft reliquum anguli de re&o nempe angulus aei pet
i

j>.e.6.R.jam vero a i eft finus complementi arcus u c hoceft com

plem.anguli i.id eilanguli a e i.crus fcilicst anguli cppofici,

Ec
j. alterutrum crurum rech esi finua complementi'
&
'
angulifui
^ bafis.

. r .* w
 &
/
R O TV ND /, LIS. X a 7)
Id enim jam eft demonftracum ut c a eftlinus complementi
anguli a e nempe anguli ei a. Eli enim angulus i. compl. anguli
i

e ut patuit.
Hinc jam datis angulis trianguli re&anguli, laterum ratio da.
bitur.Quadere efl|o.p.i. Regiom.de triangulis. ut fi dcturangu
lus e.gr. 30. erit angulus a i e gr. 60. Horum angulorum (inus ex
canone jam dantur:nepea i 5,000,000. e a vero 8,66o,254.inea
videlicet menlura in qua radius ei alTumicur 10,000,000. Qua.
re ratio ei ad ai eft ratio, 10, 000, 000 ad 5,000,000. ad ea vero
ut 10,000,000 ad 8,660,254.. &
crurum inter 1'e a i ad a e uc
9,000,000 ad 8,660,254. Copernicus hancad rcm,uc in reli. &
&
quo hoc calculo diametro inferiptis integris utitur ij.c.i.
Et
4. Si erus alterum retttfiat radius eu angulo obliquo.re-
litjHum eri tangens anguli dtclidafts vero e\ufdem fecans.
Ea de reeilapud Kheinholdum 8 praec. tabui. diteft.di apud
Rheticum in dialogo de canone rriangu-
.
lorum. Efto rurfus triangulum aci.
centro i radio ia deferibatur circulus a y. C
,

dico a e nempe crus rcdi reliquum elfe

tangente anguli oppofiti nempe ex quo i

circulus dclcriprus.eff : 8c bafin e i elTe

cjufdem anguli letantem. Nain ut ex de-
finitionibus tangentis & l'e« antis patet
a e & ci iunr arcus ayhoccflpcr ic angu
li e i a tangens & fecans.
Hinc jam
turfns datis angulis dabitur ratio Iaterum:li.crus
al-
terutrum (ii radi us. Sit enim angulus a ei gf.30. erit angulus
ei a
gr.6o.Hujus tangens a edatur &
fecans ex luo qualibet canone ,

illic 17,320,508 hic 20,000,000. Quare ratio a i ad a e e(l ut

10, 000, oooad 17,320,508 ade i ut io,ooo,oooad 20,060,000.
itaque liue balis refti fumatur pro radio live
J"-' crus reftirdatia
angulis laterum dabiturrario in a/Tumpta menlura.
Quod live-
ro &
latus dati trianguliamumin aliqua menlura
detur: per re-
M 2 gulam

t
 .

. r % ^ f" \
376 GEOMETRIAE
gulam auream & afiumpram menfuram , in data menfura latera
rnnorcfceiu.Atq;is calculus triangulorum planorum vulgo di-
<itur.Qni uc magis reddatur perfpicuusrfequentia confeftaria h
eneralihac,per regulam auream &
aftumpeam menfuram, re-
u&ione proponam. Notabis autem deinceps radium, iinum,
tangentem ficfecantem anguli efle menfuraealTumptae: crus ve-
to latus &bafin datae. Ecin redtangulus quidem bafinSc cru»
efle anguli re&i.
Ac in triangulo reftangulo.
Er
/ Radius ef? adfinum angulit ut bafis ad crus dicio an-
gulo oppofuum .

Per hocelemenrum &

data bafi cum angulis, crurum erit in-
ventio:& dato crure cum bafi magnitudine aut ratione angulo- '
ruminquifitio.Hac de re eft 29,27,2 S.p.i. Regiom. de triangulis.
Primo ttaj{ data bafi cum angulis crura
inveniuntur
Sit data trianguli a ei bafis ei partium zo.& angulus iea.gr
30.& proinde angulus e i a grad.
e
tfo.tanquam priotis complcmcn
tum ut paruit, jam quia ea & ai
funrfinus oppofirorum angulo-
xum:daburur ex Canone finuum
*
e 2 quidem 8,660,254.. ar a i
5,000,000. in ea menfura in qua
radius e i eft 10,000,000. Ergo
per regulam auream fi cum e i eft
»0,000, ooo.tii ai eft 5,000,000.
cumeidaturzo tumaieritio.
ei c * ai at
10,000,000 20 ^,000,000 IO.

Rurfus cum e i eft io,ooo,ooc.tum e a eft 8,6^0,254. Erg®

cnm ei eft 10 tum ea erir 17 & paulo ulrra:neirpefiadicxagena
tum analogiam re duxeris 1/. 14" fere.
ei

r
 -t: • * *
9

X O TV N Z> 7, L I S. X. sry
ei ei ea ea
10,00,0000 io 8,ddo, 254
Fadlus per fecundum &
tertium in primum divifus quorum
invenit 17 &remanet 3,205,080. Quaefiperdodlrinamredudlio-
nis Arithmeticae perdo multiplices &
in radium dividas conti-
nue:invenies minuta i? &
14. fecunda fete.uc videre hic licet.

1,000,000. do» 310,508

do
»5>|ijo,4#o prima
do
t3|828,8oo fecunda
dor

45>| 7 i 8 ,ooo terna

Et fic deinceps ad fcrupula poflcs continuare fexta antequam

teliquum nullum invenires. Verum fufficit huc ufque elTepro-
g re (Tum: imo ad prima tranfiirefariseflrabjedlis fecundis quae
30 minora funt:alias fi majora fincpro iis aiTumicuri primum
cum voce feti.
Secundo data baji cum crure anguli
,
invenientur.
Detur in eadem figura e bafis zo.at crus redii a i to.five hae ho
i

rum laterum magnitudines finr five laterum rationis termini

perinde elfcnec alia erit calculi ratio. His igitur datis quaerun-
tur anguli. Cum
itaq; a i per x.e.fit finus anguli a e i:is vero de-
tur in ea menfura in qua datur bafis ei 20. Erit ergo ut 2oad 10.
fic10,000,000 radiusa/Tumpcus ad 5,000,000 fiuum anguli ad
cin menlura aJTumpts
ei ei ai ai
z 10,000,000 s 5,000,000.

^
Sinus igitur ille in canone finuum infua parre nempe inte»
aiore quaefitus in marginibus fupero quidem gr. 30 finiitro mi-
M 3 nucum

*
37g GEOMETRI AB
nurum nullum cxhiber. Quare angulus aei ericgr.30. Sed &
hinc angulus ad i dabiiurncmpe gi. 60. ranquam prioris coplc
mentum, aut redii & gr.30 de duobus rc&is reliquus per p.e.o.R.
Er
6. Radius esi ad tangen tcm anguli.ut Cru* retti & di -

£U ad crus reliquum.
Hoc elementum docebic:dato angulo cum crure, reliqui cru-
ris inventionem:& datis cruribus, angulorum inrelligarioncm
monftrabic. Ea de re eft apud Rhecicu in dialogo fuo:& Khcin-
holdumpraec.p.rab.diredt.
'Primo ergo dato crure cum angulo reliquum
crus invenitur.
Sit igitur trianguli redtanguli
ea i datum crus ai to.&angulus
aiegrad.60. Quaeritur crus reli-

quum a c.in ea menfura in qua

a i datur.
> Fiat itaque i a radius: erit per
^..e a e tangens anguli eia.
Quare ex canone tangentium ^
T
dabitur a e 17,320,508 in menfu-
raalTumpta. Ergo fi cum ai eft
io,ooo,ooo.tu a e 6(117,320,508.
cum a i datur 10 erit a e t7.Sc pau-
lo plus videlicet ip'^^"p!ane vc
ance.
a 1 a 1 a e a e
1,000,000. 1. 17,320,508
Etficdato crure ac angulo, crus reliquum invenimus.
Secundo datis cruribus angulijn ajfumpta menfura aut
in qua determinatur rcftus,dabuntur.
Dentur enim in pr^miiTofclicmaie crura a quide 2,500,000.
i

at ac 4,330, ‘V* . .

.». ^ Ex

*
 R O T
V AT D /, L I B. X. *79 .

Exhis cruribus anguli dari trianguli obliqui exquiruntur, fiar

enim ai radius:erit ac tangens anguli i qu§ cudetur in ea men-
fura in qua datur etiam a radius terit per regulam auream uc
i

2,500,000 ad 4,330,127 fic 10,000,000 ad 17,320,508.

ai ai a e
25 100 4 > 33 °j ,2 7 *
arq;ea eft tangens anguli i inaflumpta menlura.qux quxfi-
ta in canone tangentium monArar gr. <So pro angulo i. Quare
angulus e erit gr.30.in ea menfura qua; peripheriam Aatuit defi-
nitam partibus 360. Quod fi alia detur peripherix mcnlurafi-
mul cum cruiibnstexfuperiori libro reduces angulos inventos
ad datam menfuram.urfi deturangulire&iamplitudo 11. erit uc
90 ad 60 fic it ad 7ypro angulo i. &
utpoad3o licii ad 3-}- pro
angulo c.Quod hiclemel repeiivifiefateA.
Hujus vero calculi exempla multa defumi poflunrex2. Iib.
M.C.Ptolemxitubi de ratione umbrarum agittmulta etiam paf-
fim apud Geographos & Phyficos alios leguntur. No* fume-
mus illud Plinii quod Rheinholdus prxc.4p.tab>direft.habet.
Plinius iraq; lib.z.c.74.vel ut alii legunr73.de de gnomone &
umbra xquinoftiali loquitur: Meridiano tempore xquinoftii
die in urbe Roma nona pars gnomonis dee A umbrf hoc e A fi in .

prxmifta figura a e Aatuas gnomonem partium 9. eric ai umbra

talium partium 8.Hinc inquirendus eAangulus a e i. angulus fci
licet inclinationis axis Aquatoris ad Horizontem: qui vo Igdal
titudo poli dicitur a quo fi no ratione lubje&o tamen differr.Si
:

iraq; fiata e radiusterit ut 9 ad 8 fic 10,000,000 ad 8,888,889 feri,

a e “ a e ai ai
9. 10,000,000 8. 8,888,889
Atq; hxc a eA tangens anguli a e menfurx afiumptx quare
i i
:

ex canone tangentium dabirurangulus ipfc egr^i^S'.

Simili modo erunt traftanda reliqua qux difto loco Plinius
haber:& qux apud Ptolemxum exranr.
Tale eA illud quod Vitruvius Alexandrix umbram meridia-
nam dicit xquinoftii die elfe3, quarum gnomon habear 5. hoc
eH

V —
•. i
 CEOMETRI An
eft eflfc a e j,a i 3. Ex quib. angulus a c i invenietur gr.30.yS’ ferer.
Ec
7. Radius eft adfecantem anguli, ut Crus ad, accur
ad bajin.
Hoc clcmcntorDaro crure cum angulo invenitur ba(is:Et tue
fus databafi cum crure exquiruntur anguli.
"" prime: Dato crure cum angulo invenitur bafu .

Sic trianguli reftanguli e a i.dacum crus

irv
ai to.cumangulo e a grad.rfo. Quaeritur
i

e
hincbafis e i. fiac icaq; crus datum radius
circuli a y.conftat jam c i e(Te fecantem
anguli e i a. Ergo cum angulus i detur gr.
do ipfalecans ex canone fccantium dabi-
tur 20,000, 000. in ca menfura in qua ra-
dius a i eft 10,000,000. Ergo in qua ai eft
io incaeicritzo.
ai ai ei
I. IO. K 20 .
Eadem detur crus reliquum e a. Nam tum utradiut
res erit (i

ad fecantem anguli e fic e a ad e i.

Secundo : Data baft cum crure anguli ex-
quiruntur.
Detur enim bafis e i 20 crus a i 10.& crus a i fiat radius, erit er-
ad
go e i fecans anguli e i a. jam ut 10 ad zo fic 10,000,000.
% 0,000, ooo.pro lecante anguli i.
Quate fecantium canon mon-
gr.30. nempe
ftrabit angulum i.grad.do.& proinde reliquus erit
angulus ad e. itaque & per finus & fecanres data bafi cum crure
anguli exquiruntur.ut patuit fupra 5 e,& hic apparet.
#

Arq; calculus triangulorum teftangulorum fuittqui e dati*

fic

duobus angulum reftum aut lateribus aut latere Scan»

praeter
gulo reliqua invenire docuit.Nam datis angulis tantum lacio la
terum datur ut ad 3 & 4. e patuit.Sequicurhincpoftulatum: tum
ipfe obliquangulorum
calculus.
 R P TV ND 1, L l B. X. 2S1

. r > Edicet
/. Data fumma aut differentia duarum peripheria -

&
rum velangulorum rationepnuumfigillatim utrumfy
fecernere.
Sunt de hoc po (lutato fecundum Sc quartum Theonis lem-
ma cyclicum ii. c. r.& 21,22,13,14^.4. Kegiom. de triangulis.
Quorum inventionis rationem illic perlegere potes.Nobis hxc
entpropofica methodus.
/. utfemifisfumma terminorum rattonisftnuum
-

ad differentiamfemtfis ac termini altenmftc tan

gensjemifts fumma data ad tangentem 'periphe-
ria penphertarum qua minor quafitarumfemijfe
Jummaminor>autmd\orjna)oreB. -

E(lo in fequenti fchemate

data fumma arcuum i e, e a gr.
4o.Sitq; data ratio (Inuum ha-
rum peripheriaru, hoc eft ratio
a o ado penj.e.f.ut 7 ad 4.
i

Quaeruntur jam lingulaeperi-

pheriaeae,ei. Ducantur radii
uainrerminum infcriptx.u y
bifecans utinfcriptam licium-
mam peripheriarum erit ergo
angulus rua grad.20. cujus tangens eft a r.illa datur ex canone-
3,639.7oi.ex thefi 5^-. Nam i a eft n.ergo ra eft 5-f.jam ergo ut
/
3 59 > 7
°* ad io,ooo,ooo.fic54-ad «5 ficpaulo ultra.nempe rema
nent 8o8,940.jara r o eft tangens anguli o u neatjj datur in men-
fura ea in qua ur radius eft paulo ultra 15. datur inquam nempe
l-t- differentia a r 5-j- &
a o 7*vel differentia i rc-f & o 4. Quare
i

ex 6 CTurfus|ut u r datae menfuraead radium, fic o r datae menfur;

ad tangentem anguli u,hoc eft arcus ey.Hincjam fequitur calcu
Ius feucalculiratioquamantepropoluimus. Nam
uc ar in datamenfura 5-f ad 3/39,702 in aftumpta, tangentem
N fcilicec
 .

» * »

zSl f» cE aM ET RE JM .

fcilicec anguli ru a.fic 154-nene u r in data mefura ad 10,000,000,

Etuci$ +- adio,ooo,ooo.nc o r datae menftlrae n±-ad 992,646
tangentem anguli ou r. Ex aequatione itaq; rationum utfemif-
lis terminorum rationis finuum fummae ad differentiam lemifi-
v,-
- fis altcriufq; termini , fic tangens Icmdsis fummae datceadtan-
r .

4 gentem peripheriac proflhaphaerclcos. ut hic <

*
a r . a r o r o r

5t 992,646.
3/39,702 1^-
j' Tangens iuq; periph^n^c y aut fimilis eft 991,646. cuicom
A
a
petit ex canone tangentium gr. 5,40' profthaphaerefis nempe:
quae ablata fcmifsi i y relinquit 14, 20 addita remifsi/y cuponic-
‘Tf 2j > 4d.&itapenpheriaruguaefitarumaio/eftt5,4ominorr4,2oV
Detur jam peripheriarum differentia cum " .
^
‘V rationefinuum.
fk'

Erit itaqj
e..
2. ut U terminorum ratiouisad
femifiis different
terminum minorem,fic tangens femifiis -differen - Mr
"
*
ttaperipheriarum data ad t angentem,pertp heri* •

minoris ffemiffe differentia autta , minorem tan-

gent efemfits differentiaperipheriarum.
Efto in fubjefta figura differenria peripheriarum or,er data
gr.40.Et Gt ratio data finuum or,ad er ut 20 ad 13.
5.
jam per pun&a 0 &
c inferi pta refla continuetur donec con-
currat cum diametro in i.erirper i4.e.5.ratio o i ad « ut 20
ad 13.-* i

.'J*".' arcum
' \
eritergo oe 7.bifecetur o e erit ue 3-{-.fed&a y bitecar
o e.eritergo e gr.2o.ejusque aut finrifis radio au delcripri ran-
y
eft 10, 000,000. Ergo
gens u 6.3,639,702.^ ea menfura in qua au
menlura j { ad 11 C'
per antecedentes rationes ut u e iu data
»3,5.8,893.aflumpr ? menfurae.
f 629,702 fic e fdat ? menfur ? .3 ad
3
u e u e ei ei ^
, -
3J- 3,639,702 13 13,518,893.

jam fiu e &c i componas habebis tangentem anguli u a r,hoc

aflarcusy r.
•

v . .
• • ‘
3> 5
' 8»

4,,
r

v
 R OTV N D r, L I B> X,

Tangens haec arcum monftrat gr.5p,4^ nempe arcum y r»

•/ .

•iv-i&in '.• •-•> a.V-

1»
*«

Pcripheriahaec ell minor tfuaefitarum auftafemifredifferen-

tiae. tego inde ablata fcmilsis differentiae gradizo. relinquit e t
quaefitam minorem 39,46.
y r 59, 4 <f. .
;
afajp***
y e ao
r •79 » 4 *- _

Quod fi cufemifleaddas:totasent arcus quaefitus major 76,46. ,

y r 59 . 4 <-
y O 20
~ 79, 46. ...
'
• ••

Quodfi fintw major fit peripheriae minoris utfi firdara ratio

finuum peripheriarum s o, 5 e ut 2oad 13. Hic majori finui minor

competitarcus : manebit eadem operatio invcnquur r e ut &
ante 39,46'. Huius autem reliquum tum ad femiperiphcriam
nempe 140,14' eft arcus major quaefitus. Et ex majore fuBlata
differentia e o relinquit 100,14' pto s o arcu minori. Sed haec non
fune diificilia.ei qui fupra didicit finumenndem elfcpcriphc-
'
riarum duarum. ,
*

Sequetur deinceps calculus obliquangulorumrubi non repe-

M
N i temus
jgj. GEOMETRI AE
ternus ea quorum noticia ante innocuit:ut exempli gratia: daria
duobus angulis tertius in venitur if.p.i. Reg. id docuit p. c.6.R.
nempe fi tres funt 2 refti& trium duo dantur ;hi de duobus re-
ftis relinquent: fic nec repetemus inventionem Tegmentorum
bafis fe&ae perpendiculari quae ed 43,44,45.p.i.R.Ed enim fu-
:

pra di&aad ii.e.i.Nec hic multum de daris declamabimus quot

ea ede debeant:cum alias plura alias pauciora ad quf ficuri) dedu
ccrepofsinr pro ratione aequalitatis aut inaequalitatis laterum
oblati trianguli.Neced hic alia ratio quam inrc£tangulo:inre-
ftangulo dantur tria angulus reftus&praererhuncaliaduo:in
obliquangulo dabuntur totidem aut la rera au t latera duo cum
:

angulo comprehenfo aut oppoGto: aut anguli cum latere ad-

jacente aut oppolito.prout haec vatietas ex iequentibus ctyife-
ftariis apparebit.
Ac in triangulo obliquangulo.
Crus alterum eft adfigmentum bafis in perpendi-
9.
cularem conterminum, ut radius adfinum' complementi
anguli cruris &figmenti .

Hoc elementum docebir.datis tribui lateribus trianguli an-

gulos invenire.de quareeft47.$4.p.i.Regiom.&9.p.z.
Elio triangulum aeiab ejuscj; angulo a. perpendicularis at»
fecetbafin. Cadet aurem intra triangulu m aut extra prou^ad
u.e.a.ed mondratum. Verum (ive intra ve extra cadat cakulua
fi

perinde procedet.
Deturautem in primo triangulo. r

crus ai 10. - W, s
crus a e 1$
* bafis ei 1 f.

Hinc n.e.i. eliciet Tegmentum u e 5. u i vero 1 <f. fimul con-&

cludet perpendicularem cecidide intra triangulum .

Quia igitur per perpendicularem fofta funt duo triangula re-

ftangula c u a,t u a.critper 5 e^
luca.
 R 0 TV ND /, Z / I, X. Uf

uc ea ad eu fic radius ad ang. e a u

>3 . 5 »0,000,000 3,846,154
,
Sinus inventus in canone iinuum exhibet gr. 22,3/ &
parum ulrra.Quare angulus ea u erit gr. 22,37'.
proindecj;ejus complementum a eu gr. 67,23'.
Rurfuscum i u a triangulum fit reltangulum erit uc iaadiu
ficrad.ad fin.ang. uai
20 10,000,000. 8,000,000.
.
Sinus hic in canonofinuum quae ficus monflrat arcum grad.
^>/,48 proangulo u ai. Ergo angulus ai u ericgr.36, 52', 12".
'

&lic habes trianguli aei duos angulos: quos fi conjun&im de

180 nempe duobus reftis auferas per p. e. 6. R. relinquetur tibi
angulus e a i gr.7 5,45'.
e. 67, n, 49* ,g Q
*•
l6 5* U '
104 tj v'

'°+ '< 75 4f
.

.
Afqjhcmqmresangulos datorum laterum: fi perpendicula»
ns cadat intra triangulum: quod quando fiat
in inventione f*>
gmentiue docet n.e.2. „
Sit jam datum crus ai 51
crus a « ^ »
gg bafis ei
Ex his daris colligetur u e &
7,
conitabit perpendicularem cadere
i u
47 per n.e.*.unde & illud
extra»

N 3 jam
r* <

y
.
*

I
 w

’•*
GEOMETRI JE?'

jam rurfua quia fiunt duo triangula a u e, a u i re&angula

«ritpe^e. .
x
ut a e ad eu Ce radius ad finumang. u a e.
V. 10,000,000.
7 2,800,000.
Hinc ex canone finuum dabitur angulus u a e gr. 6,tfa /'*6 i

proindeangulus u e a tanquam prioris complementum grad

73,44', 23" qui cum extra «iangulum:angulus aui per *. c. 8.<
5.R.dabiturgr.to<5, 1^,37". -JV-

7 ?, 44 j

io(5, »5, 57- ***** - - ,

£
Rurfus per 5 e ia triang.reft.au i. - •

ut ai ad iu ficradius ad finum ang. uai

<» 10,000,000 8,8i$,«?t9.
45
Hinc dabiturangulus aui excanonegr.6i*55,3j>"',& proinde
angulus aiegr. 28.4,2/'. -
T ....
•
.
-
.

jam igitur datis duobus angulis trianguli^ ei dabiturangu-

luaeaigr.45,4o.

. '34 lo t \ 4*5 4«
,
Quod oblatum triangulum aequicrurum fit:tum ut
fi
perpem.
angulus ad bafin reliquos in-
dicuTaribifecaturbafis-.fic unicus
yenit.Nam inventus unus eft etiam alter. Quare duplicatuade
duobus re&is relinquit tertium.Sic ii triangulum aequilatcrura

r
 ,

R & V r r, ND
L 1 B. X. jfe
'

5t:fine hac inventione «3 Jiitur anguli; nempe quilibet.eftbes re-

fli per j.c.io.e.<J.R.Quare in aflumpta menfura eric gr.6o.Et fimi

lia compendia difcipulumdiligenccmiuperioris Geometrice la

ecrcnonpolliincr
' ' Er •
;]. 'V .
.

10. ut r^diUs ad tangentem anguli cruris acbafis.ficfc-

gmentum bdfts,inperpendicularem, conterminum adper -
pi niu ularem.

v
De hac perpendicularis inventione falhe fune apud Regioni,
prapofiriones 34,36,46,1^.1. de triangulis.
Confequiturex 6 e. ut in praemifsis triangulis: fi in primo tri-
angulo cupias fnquirere perpendicularem a u:& datus fit angu-
lu s a e u grad.<S7 } 2j.& fegmentum e u s.fi cogites e u edis radium
. erirpertfe.
ut radius adrang.ang.e "i* fic ue ad au
10,000,000 24,003,779. 7 12
Iraq; perpendicularis eric 12. Eadem methodo airerius trian-
guli perpendicularem invenies.
Er
11. Latera /imbue oppofitorum angulorum fnht pro-
portionalia.
Hocxlem^ncunt fxpifsime crebro ab & Regiomoptano.&
inculcatur &
proponitur maxime 41,48. p. ». Sci, 6. p. 2. de tri-
angulis. i
‘ -

Elio triangalu obliquan-

gulum (nam dereftangnlo " .-r- v
ad j.e. iuir.a c i:&quidem - ‘v. 1

varium live lateribus inae-

sequalibus. Nam fi latera
lint aqualia anguli oppofiri .

quoq; aequantur p<r 10, e.

d.R. projndcq; finus angu-
lorum aqualium funt aequales per 1? e 7. Sit itaq; varium di»,
co eirc a e ad litium anguli a i e^c a;i ad finum anguli aeh
; Conti--
 ^
,tt X O E 0 U E r
Continuetur em eros minus
et in o,ut e o aeque? majori a
i*
(

iam centris e ^ideferibantur

radiis'aequalium crurum arcu*
peri e
o u,a y determinantes
angulorum amplitudine*: &
fint arcuum finus a
*,o r qui
etiam ideo erunt finus angu-
lorum as auidem anguli io
vero anguli e. Quia itaq;reftf c ,
er.eo|parallelis as.or perii.
e.5.R.(lunt enim anguli alter-
ni refti)interfecantur:erit
per i4.e.f.R.ut e o hoc a*
anguli oppofiti
num anguli e oppoGti.fic e a ad a * finum
Dcntur-enim in triangulo a e i. "
„
a e i gr. 67 , **> +9
anguli a i e gr.
e a i gr. 75. +5« ;

Eorum^j cx canone finu*

? 1. ^,150,7*0.
tf,ooo,oid.

0 4-
9 ><* 9 M 09,
*
Eroo ratio aiadaeeftut ,'t •«ty’ ?»" <.®«®.®»‘
‘
,^ 0, 7*0 Mi»».}®?- E. • » «d •
1 m

. tus tTunguli tertium invenitur. (

-

Efto primo in trian- a

gulo adjunttoeai.
Dacus angulus a t i
obtufus gr. »0 •

ejus bafis a i Gt 51. ac

crus a e i?.Qu?run? re-
liqui anguli Cc«u»
«L
I
 ROTVND 7, LTB. X. 2g9
perii e,itaq;utaicftad linum anguli e, fica eeftad finii anguli i.'

Datur autem a i, datur a e.canon etiam finuum fuppedirat linum

,/
anguli gr.io6,if,37 > hoceft per 8 e 5 linum gr.^^^nempe
$>599>997* Ergo per regulam auream dabitur linus anguli aie
'
4,705,881. -

ai a e ~ e i

5« 9>S99,997 4,7.05,881
Quare ex canone finuum dabitur ipfe angulus i gr.z8 4'&na
‘
rum ultra, nempe id'.
’

jam datis his duobus angulis ex theli & calculo ; reliquus ad

aericgr.45,40,3".
e. lotf, uf 37" 180
i. 28, 44 20 f
»34 10

•34» *9 j 57 4?. 40
Quod jam velis inquirere reliquum dati anguli crusmempe
fi

e i.praedi&um elementum invenicrj8. Nam urfinus anguli i ad

a eficfinus anguliaadei.
i. a. a e e 1
4,705,881. 7,152,5x4, 25. 3 *.
Exemplum aliud.
Sit in triangulo appofito angulus e acutus grad.47,
12', 49";
detur etiam ac 13. a.i 20. Quxrunturreliqui anguli & latus ei!
Verum data non fufficiunt nili .
enim dederis acutus ne fit aut
obtufus angulus a crure dati an-
guli fubtenfus: ejus menfuram
non definies. Nam fi in hocfche-
-mate ita ex elemento praemilTo
ratiocinatus fueris:
ut fe habet a o feu a e(funr enim radii ejufde circuli) ad linum
anguli i.ficaiad linum anguli oppofiti. Verum dixifti: atquem
arcum competentem finui defumes ? competentem ne angu.
O lo aoi
 :
!
ar*v

sp» GEOMETRI AB

loao hoc efl majorem peripheria quadrantis anne comperen

i :

tcm angulo aoe hocellpen. e. 7. R. angulo aeo acuto. cum

idem finus his competac:latus etiam aequale & acilto & obtufo
adjaceat.Quare cum triangulum his datis tam anceps fit 8cdu-
fciumiretteRegiom.fi.p.i. de triangulis monet datum angnlum
acutum cum crure & bali ad reliqua invenienda non fufficere.
Quare anguium oppofitum cruri dati anguli definiamus necef-
fe efhfir^ne acutus an obtufus. itaq; ut ad triangulum datum de-
fcendamus:angulum pr$tcr difta data, a e damus acutum. Hinc
i

per premiiTas ratiocinationes invcniel angulus a i e gr

ai a e e i

jo. 13 . 5», 550 , 780 . 6 000 006 .

, ,

&
jam cum noti fint duo anguli e i ille ex thefi hic ex calculo
•ritangulusad a.gr.75,45.
jam pro latere e i in veniendo ratiocinatio praecedens valet 8c
inveniet latus ipfum zi.
i .a a e ei
6,000,006. 9,692,509. 15. tu -«

Et data bafidaroq; crure dari anguli obtuli reliqua an ve-

fic
niunturrdata vero bafi datod; crurcanguli acuti notaque fpecie
anguli cruri dato oppoliti reliqua inveniuntur. Sed plura nobis
udem elementum fuppeditat.
£c
I
 R O T V Nn 7, L I B. X.
'
ipt
-• v Et
14. Batk angulis cum uno triangult latere , reliqua U*
tera veftigantur.
Ea de re eftapudRegiomontanum ^1,5 j.p. *.ubi qusefita pro-
ut in antecedentibus fccir in deduftis ad rellangula obliquan-
gulis invenit, idem & alii praeter Copernicum cumPtolemaeo
tccei unr.Sed nos perpiura querere nolumus cum pofsimus pec
pauciora: rideretur fanequi lecundum peripheriam vellet cir-
cumire cum poffet fecundum fubtenfam ingredirnec perpendi-
cularem aut Tegmenta lateris fella perpendiculari inquirere eft
non enim haec quaerenda proponuntur: Ecfi propone*
neceflfe:
renturrex fuperioribus inventionis methodus eifet.Et Regiom.
4. p. 2. hanc methodum quae hic erit retinet. Sedad elementum,
fint in triangulo a e i data.
Angulus • a e i *7, 22'.
49
. Angulus a i e 1»
Erit Angulus i a e
7?, 4f*
Datum fit etiam latus e i 21. Quaeruntur jam c a fle a i.
inveniuntur, illud quidem
13 hoc vero 20. ut ex fequen
ti terminorum ex elemen-
to propolito dilpofinone
patet.
_ i.

I.
_ • •
> 1 e 1 a e
9,692, 309. 6,000,006. 21.
I I.

a e ei a t
9,692,309. 9,230,780. 24 20 . ,T.*0
VeI
i e a e a 1
6,000,006. 9,230,780. 13. 20.
O 1 Quod

v*
Xf2 C B O M ET
R I AE
Quod duo dentur latera & angulirjam unica tantum inven-
(i

tione lateris eftopus:quodnemo®on intelligere potefl. Nos

fumpfimus ca quae dari minimum debent.
jam itaq; & datistribus lateribus angulos invenimus : angu-
lis datislaterum proportiones cognovimus dati anguli bafi ac
:

crure datis adangulorum reliquorum ac tertii lateris cognitio-

nem pervcnimus:datis angulis cu latere reliqua veftigavimus.
SupereAjamadhucalius cafus: nempe datis dati anguli cruri-
bus angulos ac tertium latus eruamus. inventio haec apud Re-
giomont.eft4j».p.r.ubi perpendicularem in alterutrum crurum
inquirit & Tegmenta cruris fefti : EA etiam z.p.z.at nimis labo-
riofa & taediofa. Quare ex fuperiori doftrina dedulto calculo
brevi bclacilieotj; novo fruere. .
Et
utfemifiisfummst crurum ad differentiam fumma
Tf.

femifiis alteriusj. cruris ffic tangensfemifiis anguli crurum

exterioris ad tangentem anguli quo minor interiorum fc*
miffe ditti reliqui minor eil,aut major, major.
Efto trianguli a e i datus angulus ad e.gr.^zz^p".
Ejuscn crura a e 13.
e i zi.
 r o r
v rr d r, l t b. x. *93
reparatorum angulorum:figillatim etiam dabuntur i &a.eame-
thodo-quam ex 8 e jam propofuimus.
Terminos iraq; aureae regulae colligamus. Ratio linuum an.
guli a ad linum anguli i eft ut 2» ad 13. adde terminos: Ignifsis 1 7.
erit pro primo.jam aufert 17 de 21, aut de 17 aufer 13. differentia

4 erit pro fecundo.

Summa angulorum datur 112,37', 11".
Ergo femifsis eft 56,18', 35". Hujus tangens ex canone datur
149,999. ne fcrupulofius omnia perfequamur.
Ex hifce tribus aurea regula inveniet 35,294.
17 . *4P>5>PP* 4» 3f»*P4*

Tangentem fcilicet anguli quo angulus . i minor eft quam fe-

mifsis anguli a e o.
Dabitur itaq^ ex canone linuum gr.ip, 26', 14". in
defumendo
autem duas primas dextras tangentium notas praetermitte ea
conditione qua fupra monui. Etin praemifsis elementis obfcr*
vare potuiftem fed volui plenos fumere numeros ne rurbaren*
:

tur ryrones. Qui plenis uti fcit : in ufu facile pro ratione quof*
dam praecidere poteft.
jam cum notus lit dimidius angulus a e o notus etiam lir an» ,

gulus quo dimidius angulum i fuperat.ulterius angulus i non

)atebit:ablato igitur angulo gr.ip, i 6',24" de angulo
reliquus erit angulus ai e gr. 3 6, 5 2', 1»".
Rurfusfi addas profthaphaerelin ad femiflem anguli exterio-
ris:fumma eft pro angulo eaigr.75,45'. De magnitudine an»
guli exu.e.6.R.judicium fiet:cum dentur latera iis oppofita.

> 8 ',

*p, 26, 24

3 *» **

75, 44 , 59
O 5 Exemplum
 ;

m CEO METAT AE
Exemplum aliud.
'

I f*N 9 -

m
Detur angulus aei gr. lod,
> 1 i
37".
‘ f
Crus a e »5
MU ,’j
___
t
*, L
s
.1
*

«w-vluc ,
•*
*•
Crus e i
*jS.
I

Quaeruntur anguli reliqui.

Hic rurlus quia \
datur angulus aei. •

dabii angulus aeo . •••

grad. /j, 4+> »3

Summa anguloru
a & i.
•* »« « *
Sed & ratio fi-
, . ^
Quare per Io
nuum anguli i ad a eft ut a e 15 ad x%. !

dabitur ipfe angulus i & a. illic grad. »8, 4, ai • hic

grad 45, 4°'-

. . . .

Colligamus terminos aureae regulae.

primus 31-*. 7 V,
'

Erit ergo ,
* ,'(•

w
a
e 3»

<3

Secundus erit differentia

31-*-
*f nempe &
Tertius tangens femifsis anguli aeo nempe 7 4 > 99 J*
erit
Hincregulaaureainvenit quartum «5,47^*
d-r '7,4-7*.
3 'T 7 +, 5 9 ?‘
>

qua radio» con .

tangentem nempe anguli in «a m.nfura in
lipitur ioo.eoo. anguli,
cipitur inquam, quo angui, aeo fcn.,1...
hic ex canone grad. 8, 47, 50.
ioreft angulo i. Datur autem
major
angulum ai e grad. 18, 4, 11.
Efgzode * 6 , s**, if'> relinquit
grad. 3*, 72', colligit grad. 45, 4 pro angulo
a. latua
At cum grad
a i exluperioribus datur
Atque
 :

R O TV ND r, L T B. JT.

Atque fic expofitus nobis fit infignis ille & aureus triangu-
lorum calculus cujus ufus in Aftronomia, Geodaefiatm6 arti-
:

bus omnibus liberalibus & vita cota confpicuus eft.In eo itaq^

fedulo & ferio , philomathes, te exerceas oportet fi frudum
hunc uberrimum confequi volucris. Habes hic expolita ear
quae generalia videbantur &
fune . in fpecie enim de aequilate-
ris aliquid, rurfus nonnihil de aequicruro proponere noluimus
proprerea quod calculus communis fic. Si vero quae occur-
runc in datis compendia prout ad 9 e monftravi: ea non nifi i
caecis in Geomecria non videbuntur. Omifimus etiam ea in
|uibus unquam fpcciebus calculus hic generalis exerceri pof-
Jet:quo J e fic id artis non videbatur. Regiomonranus aliquot
cafus in fecundo libro de triangulis collegit: quos illic videre
potes. Cujus certe libri a ftudiofis avide legi debent :& cum
frudu legi poliunt. Habui id quidem in animo ut calculum
Regiomonrani itemque Ptolemaei ScCopernici cum hoc prae-
fenci conferrem : Verum ego hinc tyrones turbari exillimavi:
nec ab horum artificum immortalitati confecracorum monu-
mentis abducere fiudiofos volui. ubi hic perceptus fuerit: facile
collatio infiitui poterit. Nos brevifsimam,uti fpero,viamin»
g rei si fumus fi deviavimus certe reducem aequo animo, & ani-
:

mo grato ferrepofiumus:&feremus.
Ne tamen nullus indicetur praeflantifsimi hujus
calculi ufus : frudum Geometricum . 1
qui hinc promanat fequen-
K v tili oro expone- x
- w ..
7 ,
mus»
jpS G E 0 M E TR T AE

TH, FINKII GEOME#

TRIAE ROTVNDI,
LibirVndecimvs.
De Geodaefia redarum.
Alatius triangulorum planorum expofitus faci'
I Itmfuppeditat rettaru Geodaftamper radium,
i
Hic fruftus calculi Geomerrici Geometricus
eft: per omnia magnitudinum genera diifufus.
Lineas enim haec Geodaefia metitur: ergo & fu-
perficies & corpora metietur: atqjhac arte areas triangulorum
exquirit, fed & triangulata e triangulis compofitafunt: quare
metiendis triangulorum areis, metietur & arcas triangulato-
rum.Sed & diametros circulorum tanquam reftas metitur, me-
tietur itaq; & areas circulorum , omniumq; ejus Tegmentorum.
Siceadem haec geodaefia bales & altitudines corporum meti-
tur metitur itaque &ipfas foliditates.ufum hunc nobis porifsi-
mumpraeftattrianguli reftanguli calculus. Vulg6& i proelian-
tibus mathematicis triangulum reftangulum magiftermathe-
habet.
feos appellatur. Et cert£ vires in Geometria praecipuas
&
Magiuerium hic veram deprehenditur in geodaefia reftarum.
qua-
Sed inftrumentogeodaetico opus eft. Eam ad rem^ alii

dratum Geometricum adfcifcunr: nonnulli gnomone leuhm-

menlura
plicem normam in confilium vocant: alii* perumbras
placuit: aliis per fpecuium: quam
utramque in opticis Euclides
retinuit :aKi quadrantem adhibent,
& eum vel fimplicem vel
inlcriproquadraro:alii alia arripuerunt inftrumenra. Arri-
cum
fit etiam
nonnullis radius:qui, quali a fanfto illo patriarcha jam
dicitur. Nos ex iis duo
olim inventus fit,baculus jacobi vulg6
felegimus radium & quadrantem fimplicem propterea ut col-
:

latione fatta geodaefia & certior 8c facilior elTet.VuJg6 haec duo

inftru-

V
 R 0 TV ND r, L T S. X T. spf
inftrumenta duobus quoque infigniunrur nominibus. Nos eo-
dem nomineRadium vocamus. Et cerre Ii rem refteperpenda-
tnuSjinftrumentum idem eft. inftrumenrum (ane perantiquum

& vere Geometricum : hoc ‘eft magnitudinibus metiendis cu-

jufcunq; materiae aptum.Sic &. metiendis terris ulurpatur. u t eft
apud Virgil.j.Eclog.
* — Ecquis fuitaltcr, .

Dcfcriplit Radio totum qui gentibus oibem ?

Et aftrisloco &ordinedefiiiiendis,cunftisque fuperlunarU
iftius civitatis regionibus ac viis defcribendis eidem illi poetae
aptum inftrumentumvilum eft.

Cocliifomcafus,
Defcribenr Radio:& lurgentia (idera dicent.
Sed faris de ufu &
friuftu hujus geodajfiae:fatis<k de inftrumea

tinomjnc:cjus fabricam &ufum doceamus.

2 .Radius eft norma crurum inaqualium : alterius refli
metienda magnitudini reliquiparalleli.
Quid, inquis, facis idem inftrumentum baculum quadran- &
tem?an non baculus eft ut ipfe definis norma crurum inaequa-
lium ? quid fimile in quadrante ? an non crura relti hiefunt radi*
& proinde re ipfoteftei.e.i. aequales? quam cupis differentiam
& dilfenfionem horum inftrumentorum majorem?ubi periphe-
ria quadrantis in baculo confpicirui? Sed heus quid dicam:audi
crurum definitiones:&Gtum eorum tam in quadrante quam ba
culo deprehendes. Fateorquidem altuipfoexiftere in baculo:
non itera in quadrante:ubi tamen concipi commode & apte vi-
debis^ tam commode: quam in ufu baculi tu peripheria qua-
drantis radio, fegmento alterius cruris delinearam concipis:auc
faltem concipere debes:fi calculi veritatem commode tueri vis
& ufum inftrumenti docere : etenim an non rerminus cruris ap-
plicandus ad os genae eft? im6.Sed cui?quia fcilicet vifus ex cen
cro circuli exire debeat. An non hic circulus conceptus? cur non
&in quadrante crura baculi mihi concipere liceat? At dices cur
P non
XfiS 't' GEOMETRI AE
non concipere liceret ?fed quemadmodum nec radius cjrcufu*
nec quadrans baculu»
dicitur, quia circulus illic concipiarur : Gc
vocabitur aut radius quia ineo radius concipi potsir. Sed heus;
fi de nomine lis cll, voces quadrantem, voces radium: ego his &
nominibus u litatis utor. Si dc re lingas : audi quid quaeram: an
non illic circuli centrum concipitur ubi vilus exit? imo dtces:
neque enim negare potes : Kr^o fi v iliis exeara termino peri,
pheriae quadrantis, quod faepe fit, ubi jam eo centro dekripra
peripheriain quadrante apparet- At inquis angulus qui fit a reli-
quo latere quadrantis &
perpendiculo e centro , angulus eft
quaefitus : bene fe jam res habet ;idcftidem quod ajo. Si vilua
«xeac a rerminoperipheriae illic crus «A radii unum: alterum e A
cx centro perpendiculum angulus a radio optico : crure e di. &
fto centro eft angulus quaefirus: hoceft angulus qui firaiarerc
reliquo perpendiculo. Ergo uc tandem cibi latisfaciam;
&
Quemadmodum quadrante fi non pro centro ulurpetur quod
aftu centrum eft, peripheria quadrantis, ex altero Centro, alta

non exiftit:fic radii hoc eft quadranti» crura altu adefTefem-

per npn eft ncceflum Sed nimis forfan hac dexe: crura do.
.

ecantur. •••>. • • *
. ..

j. Crura radiifunt index (jrtranfverfarium. quorum

. terminis dioptra affixafiunt*

Repoliuntur hodie multi: qui egregie fe &

terrena menfos
efTe&eceleftss defcripfifre diftantias putant adminiculo radii,
incerim tamen fine omnibus dioptris viium cxpaciari finuim.
cum camen tanta v^fus 6thallucinatio:ut vix etiam dioptris con
ftringi pofsit. enim ut omnium feoftiuro celerrimus lic im.
Eft
acime difsipalis.neceuim tantum a cencro oculi aur vcriicc coni
optici ( cum Euclide enim loquamur ) radii
excurrunt led ut in :

Sole ab univerfo corpore. Quare contuitum arbitramur viium

dioptris conftringi:ut in rem ramum metiendam deferri polsic-
Sed eccc figuram radii.
'

aa «• jj». Index
m y: G.& O M:E T R I AE,
'

4- Index cft radii crus majus^a cujus termino vifuseft.

Id fic fumimus ut Tempera termino indici* vifus fit: Videtur
enim ficefle facilitas quaedam.in baculo fi ve radio index facile

apparet.nam aftu datur ut a e, in quadrante indicem concipi ne-

cefle eft.Etntfaciliusconcipias:poftindicis definitionem hanc
uadrantis fabricam accipe.E' centro, quod aftu datur, amufsis
S ve regulaeft. Ea dioptras habet aut non habet: fi habctper

quas vifus incidatrjambafis quadrantis eft index. Sinon habet

amufsis dioptras, hoc eft fi filum ex centro cum plumbea fphae-
ruladimittatunerunt in larere quadrantis dioptrae itaq-, re&afc :

termino peripheriae, ubi vi Tus incipit perpendicularis regulae

dependenti, eft index:aut retta e centro perpendicularis reftsei
termino peripheriae eft index: fi nempe vitus a centro perdio-
index radii*

4 • Tranfuerfirium eH radit crwminus,per cujus ter-

minum vtjks eSf.
Vocabulum hictranfverfarii eft Vitruvii, in baculo tranfver-
(arium aftu daturi o. in quadrante definitio monftrabit tranfvcr
farium in additis figuris e o.
CareruminuAiradii utile cft multa habere tranfvcrfaria:par-
. <i tim
tim qu; pofsint imponi ira indici at ab ea bifecentnr partim quf
imponantur fine bifeltione. *

jam vero illud non eft artis docere materiam inftrumenri. pa-
rum enim intereft modo folida fir,firma 3 ftabilis , lignea vel me-
tallarii. Sed ut radium ad ufum melius accommodes:urrumq;
ejus crus certis partibus definias neceiTe eft. Sunt qui indici ra-
dium hypotheticum aferibant fune qui majorem funt qui mi-
:

norem aftumunt. Et id parum refert: modo fecundum eandem

menfuram & index & tranfverfaria particularia dividantur.
jam inufu diftantia juftapoftulaturmec enim vifns eft infipi-
tus. Vis optica requiritur in unum oculum didulta: cum unita
fortius collimer. tranquillitas & immobilitas inftrumentine-
ceftaria eft:manus itaq; quietae finr oporrer: fecus enim,fi trepi-
d*nt,geod*fiae turbabitur proportio. Sed &
coincidentiam cen
trioculi cum centro circuli abloluti ufus poftulat. Secus enim
radius opticus cum indice non angulum in centro fed ad aliud
,
diametri punftum concludct.unde nova exiftitgcodaefi^ hallu-
cinatio, Summopere itaqj hanc 'vmsfffoTnfx & vifti&Tettfafaafip
. P $ vitabimus*
 u \ G E O M E TR I AE
itabimus. Quadrantis quidem ufus ab hac eft hallucinatione Ii
^r:quod in eadem rcfta e centro per dioptras vifus feratuf. Ac
radius huic aberrationi obnoxius exiftit. Aberratio rame conigi
poterit inventa ekkencrotete. Ejus in ventionem accuratiorem,
quam foria n Aftrologijrequiric, eo refeivabimus: contenti ea
quxhicfufficit.illa igitur exThomae Digefei alis mathemati-
cis lic eft.
termino indicis per terminos rranfverfarioru, quo-
Si vifus a
rum majus minoris duplum Gc incidat in metam magnitudinis:
differentia femifsis indicis Scfegmcnti in minus tranfveifariutn
eft dimidia ekkentrotes vifus. Hac itaq^invcnca potes numera-
tionis in indice initium facere,aut ab ipfo termino &vifum fe-
cundum quantitatem eccentricitatis ab eo amovere: aut a ter-
mino in indfte eam numerare: rumejue ibi initium facere ubi
Ux^YgoT*»' finit. Verum fi dioptris vifus conftriftusfitmoflica
aberratio in hac quidem geodaefia merito non curatur.
/. Geodajia distant ix esi unius aut duplicis : Geodajia
unius distanti* eft ubimenfor in metienda magnitudine
locum non mutat.

6. Si vifus eft in metam magnitudinis metienda r ma-

gnitudo erit tangens anguli indicis atfy radii optici : tumft
index magnitudini retlus eft
Magnitudinem intelligo lineam aut magnitudinem lineatam
fluvii
in qua lincte exiftunr. Verbi gratia fi fit metienda latitudo
altcujusmos lineam confideramus quae latitudinem menlurat.
Quod fi jam vifus i termino indicis per terminum tranfvcrlaru
cadarin metam ac finem magnitudinis meiiend^rLinea
qu; me-
titurmagnitudinem erit tangens anguliindicis atq; radii opu-
ci.arqj tum index eftreftus magnitudini metiendae:
&proinde
per z.e.iranfverfarium erit eidem parallelu.Et in hoc
cafti fuafc-
rim:uttotfintin promptu trinfverfaria particularia ut fegmen-
curti indicis femper radius hypotheticus
fit.aliquot tamen circu

dextris minutus. 7*
lis
 ’ :

n o rr n d /, l r *. xr. m
7. S:n vtfus cjlm metam magnitudinis ad metiendam
rett.t: metienda est taugens anguli tranfverfuru radii
opticitu/H'], metienda tranjverfarium cft retium.
Ec hinc rudus per 2. e. concludet indicem rum el]e paralle-
lum medendae magnitudini. Hic opera eritdanda.-uttranlver*
farium haSeat meufuram radii.
Caeterum quod ad perpendiculum &parallelifmumarrinec
faepc uripotens plumbo fufpenfo in longitudine parallclaho-
riz >nti:& norma etiam fac pe (Sufficiet: ut ufus ipfe docebit.
jam vero anrequam ad calculum ^inc deducum defcendam
anguli hujus inventionem docebo.
ER autem inventio in radio difficilior quam in quadrante:nifi
quod fupra monui in radio feceris: nempe ut aut Tegmentum
indicis auttranlVerfarium lir radius. Quod fi cft:jamtranfverfa~
rium illic exhibet tangentem anguli indicit atq; radii optici hic
fegmentum indicis tangentem anguli rranfverfarii atque radii
optici:& quidem in menfuraafTumpta.Ergo fiufus poftuleran- .

gulus dabitur.Etficcognolcet clle faciliorem ufum radii quam

quadrantis.
Quod fi fegmentum indici» tvbn fit radius rf.e. 10. angulos in-
veniet vel eorum tangentci.in quadrante angulus ftatim ex pe-

r ft

riphei».

V
 * V

i04 GEOMETRIAE
iipheriainnotefcit.Sed& id varie. Nam fi vifus efl per regulae
dioptras e centro:peripheria inter indicem &
amufsim cftangu
li oppofitae magnitudinis uc hic cum
vifus fertur per e a pun-
cto a in meram m angulus mas cll is cujus tangena eft magni-

tudo m s hoc eftarcus u e.

Sin autem vifus eft per dioptras latens, erit i cenaro quod
aftu eft,aut ecermino peripherias quadrantis: fi cftecenrroran-
gulus magnitudinis in cujus meram vifus cadit, eftperipheria
inter lacus dioptrarum &
filum i cenuo pcndulunuutinlequua
ti fchemace apparebit.

Nam angulo o a e hoc eft arcu! o e opponitur magnitudo iam•

e radio
Ungens nimirum anguli a. quia eft tangent arcus
fubcendentis angulum a.
per dioptra* lateris eft c termino penpnen* m
. . , . .
.
me-
Si vifus

i
 .

R 0 TV ND l L / B. XI. jej

tam magnitudinis oppoGcae: angulus oppoficae magnitudinis

eftperipheria inter lacus quadrantis reliquum 6c filum e centro
pendulum.
Eftoenimvifusabapereinterminum oppoficae magnitudi-
nisms. Erit per s eangulus ea s ifcujusm s cftcangcns. Eum
•
determinari dico inquadrantearcuuo. *>

Nam peripheriao o determinat angulum u e y. ,

'

i' --o.

At angulus u e y aequatur angulo e a t.Nam angulu s u e a ex fa

bricarettuseft:eft etiam angulus eytreftusexthcfi.prseterea
triangula ea t, e y t communem habent ad t. Quare per c.$.e. 7 .R.
angulus u e y aequatur angulo eat. Ergo angulus e a tmenfura-
tur peripheria u o.
Hinc tandem fequetur ipfa reftarum geodaefia. ubi angulus
magnitudinis is erit qui fubtenditur a metienda magnitudine.
*
Iraq;
/. Radius esi ad tan gentem anguli longitudinis ut no*
ta altitudo ad longitudinem
Lcngitu-
fot GEOMETRI AE i ‘
.

Longitudinis inventio hoc elemento docetur: five jam vifua

fitin metam magnitudinis metienda: five magnitudinis ad me-
tiendam reftae ac norae:methodus tamen eadem fuerit.Efto pri-
mum vifus in metam longitudinis. Sirergo metienda longitu-
do s m eloco fuperiore a.& detur altitudo a s pedum eo.Quatri.
tursm.Capiaruritaq^angulussam longitudinis. Sitq; gr. 4$.
fimilis i radio a a. Hujus tangens etit
arcusjicmpe u e aut ei
»0 , 000 , 000 .

•»

Ergo per 6. e. io.uc radius ad to,ooo,ooo.fic5o altitudo ad.

a m longitudinem etiam 50.
Hinc patet cur facilitas calculi fit fi femper fcgmentum indi-
cis rcfti fit radius aflumptus.Nam per y.e.7«R.ut a o ad o e fica»
r ad
 R’ O T V 'K D v7, L T - V

ad s m, hoccftut radius ad tangentem an-

guli a. fica s ad sm.Quod hic femel repeti-
vifle fatis Iit. .
.

Nec quicquam rntereft: utrum longitudo

/It in lubjefto plano, an in afcenfu defcen-
fu'vc montis, modo index rcftus fit longi-
tudini meciend«.ut in fequenri figura pa-
tet;!! ba fit iupcrficies montis meciendi. .

Et hocmodo latitudines fluuiorum, val.

Jium, fo/Tarum metiri potes : ut in appofita
hic figura apparer.
 r G\E '0 M E T R / AB
Et fanedimenfio latitudinis fofiarum magni eft momenriin
oppugnationibus arcis,urbis:urex cogrfita latitudine profun &
ditate fcalae pro irruptione fatis longae & aptae fabrefieri pofi.
fint. Sic.ipnd Polybium Philippus ad Meliteorum urbem ca-
piendam fcalas non fatis longas attulit, itaqj gravi clade affe-
ftus difcelsit. Et Gallis ad Mediolanu eade res perinde nocuit.
Sit deinceps vifus in metam altitudinis nempe in metam ma-
gnitudinis ad metiendam rcdae.& quaerenda longi rudo a s.

Sit data altitudo m s pedum 50. jam opticus radius incidar in

m.fitque angulus a gr.45.erit etiam o e a hoc eft per i2.e.5.R. an-

gulus s m a nempe complementum anguli prioris. Et quia hic
continetur a tranfverfario ac optico radio erita s ejus tangens.
Si itaq; fit ut radiusm s ad tangentem a s 10,000,000. erit ut

m s 50, ad s a etiam 5o.pro longitudine quxfita.

Hinc licebit oblato acumine turris notae diftanriam a nobis

adeamreperirerquaeres in bellis maximi eft momenti, ut fcia-
mus diftantiam ex auanra machinae fphaerula in hoftium urbem
fi&emittcnda;ut ex iequenti figura incclligi poteft..
Quod.
J
 .

Quod hic, ut ante indicia Tegmentum, fic tranfverfarium re-

fi

flum afiumas totidem partium quot radius eft definitus: mul-

tum inventionis compendium habebis. Nam per 9.e.7.R.uted
adoa.fic s m ad sa,hoccftutradiusad tangentem anguli lon-
gitudinis ficaltirudo ad longitudinem. Quod etia hicdetranf-
vcrfario ad magnitudinem metiendam reflo fcmel monuilTe
fufficiar. Et
9- Radiu-s eft adtangentem anguli altitudinis , ut da-
ta longitudo ad altitudinem.
Longitudinis geodaefia cx eodem quidem loco fuicfequi-
* Q.1 ^

Sooc
i» < ; : Q E O M E TR T AB
turfimilis altitudinis dimenfio.ubi index metiendte reftus «d.
Sit data a s longitudo pedum 50. & angulus indicis, ra Jiique
optici fit 4f.erit tum in triangulo reftangulo a s m,ut radius a e
afiumptaemenfurae ad ungentem anguli 10,000,000 fic as 50
pedum ad smpedum 50.

Ethocmodoturrium,aedificiorum aliorum<Jue rerum meti-

ri altitudines poteris. .

Sed hoctamen notandum altitudinem eam tantum invenin

nuae continuato indice ad verticem altitudinis.Quare men
eft a

toris altitudo ad inventam

altitudinem addenda eft:
ut fi fit data longitudo pedum »50. &
fegmentum indicia
vero partium totidem
10,000 tanquam radius, tranfverfariam
altitudine pedum 4.
•ric altitudo zf4.addiufcilicetmcnfom
Stf
 t-

n *pns

? O i,:.

«%

Sit deinceps indexparalie

lus metienda altitudini, ut
accidit in altitudine ever-
fa puteorum &fimiUu re-
rum rupis, turris.
Efto enim metienda alritu
do a s,& data fit longitudo
verbi gratia diameter putei
m
s io. Quaeritur a s profun-
ditas putei. ficq; angulus o a e A
grad.21 8c t' fere, erit proinde
angulus altitudinisa eu, hoc
eftamsgra ^<58,58'. Ergo in
triangulo reftangulo a s, m
ut radius ad tangentem ang
li m 26,007,663 fic sm long
rudo >0 pedum ad as profun
ditaterrj 26. idem fiet h radio
uius fueris. Nam ut u e ad u a,
hoc
.

itz GEOMETRI AE
hoc eft cx fabrica quam fupra praefcripfi radius ad tangentem
anguli m ut ms ad aa.Sed tamen radiu quadrantis aut Tegmen-
tum indicia fupra ora metiendf magnitudinis ex in venta quan-
titate tollitur ut vera relinquatur profunditas, ut (i a o elTet pe-
dum 2. 3c as pedum 26. pro tundicas o s efler pedum 24. Sche-
mata dimenfionis puteorum vide in Geometria Rami & praefi-
ca Geometria Orontii. Icaqj
10. Si vifiisfit in terminuf nota partis metienda ma-
gnitudinis : erit ut differentia tranjverfariorum e]ufidem
indicis figmenti ad tranfuerfanum minus fic nota pars
remotior ad reliquam.
primum in radio videbimus:deinde in quadrante, in radio
Id
«amad rem nonnulli unicum falremtranfVerfariumadhibenr,
& per ejus pinnas duas tranfmictur vifum pinnarum altera im- :

mobilis fiftiturad terminum tranfverfarii altera quae curfor di-

:

citur hinc inde obvolvitur: donec per utramq; pinnam vifus in-
cidat. Verum ego confuIcumarbitror:utad idem quidem in-
dicis Tegmentum duo fint tranfverfaria : &
quidem propter cal-
culi brevitatem &
facilitatem paucarum admodum partium, ut
haec in ufu facile notabis. .»

i'

I
 R O TV N D U L I S. XI.
Sit exempli gratia sdiiicii aiicujus u
altitudo feneftraein
s

edita parte uy pedum 6.E1 cupias hinc invefligare reliquam al-

titudinem y a.
Admove radium & mitte vifum primo in u erit tum ao fe-
mentum indicis:e o tranfvcrfarium fcu tangens anguli eaofi
gigmentum indicis inrelligaturradius.
Rurfus eodem Tegmento indicis per tranfverfarium to mitte
vifum in y.erit io tangens anguli a o. i

Sit autem tranfveriariu m e o partium i2,i o partium to.Erit er-

go ut 2 ad io,fic 6 ad 30 reliquam partem.
&
Nam quia e i u y,ite i o & y s funt parallel; erit per i^.e.y.R.
ut ei ad u j lic ia ad ay
ut i a ad a y lic i o ad y s.
Ergo peraequationem rationum & alterne.
ut e i ad i o lic u y ad y s.
Eadem ratio in quadrante eft Nam differentia tranfverfario-
:

rum,ut patuit, eft differentia tangentium e a o,i a o. Ergo ut h*c

differentia ad tangentem minorem ffc nota pars ad reliquam.
Quod monuiffe fatis fit.
Etficgeodacfia unius diftanriae fuit longitudinis &alticudi-
nis:cur etiam non Iaritudinis?an non fieri poterit ut linea rranf-
verfa unica ftatiooemenfurcturlfi nempe index reftus fitrranf-
verfaead terminum latitudinis:& regula vifum in reliquum ter-
minum deducat: an non jam angulus latitudinis notus eft:&
proinde ejus tangens ? verum eft fi fit inftrmnentum,latirudini
:

replum, parallelum horizonti:& tum fi derur tertius aliquis ter-

minus datur latitudo:quae tamen tum aliud nihil eft quam Jon-
'tudo vel altitudo. Quod fi latitudo non (it in eadem altitu-
$ ne cum menforercerte invento angulo latitudinis, & non da-
to termino tertio nempe diftantia a loco obfervatoris in latitu-
dinem unica diftantia non fufficit. Quod O ergo inventa fit di-
ftantiailla in latitudinem iloco obfeivationis unica ftatio fuffi-
det.inventio autem erit ex calculo triangulorum. Nam
ut radiusad tangentem anguli longitudinis aut altitudo
R ms %

t
 r

V4 GEOMETRI AE
nityfic altitudo aut longitudo ad diHantiam apuncfo im
quod vifus incidit ad vifum .

utinfigurapeangulus mas altitudinis erargrad.45.efus fe-

eans, fi radius fiat a s,eft i-^i^.ne reliqua famcuremus.&data
fuit menfura radii a s pedum ^o.ergo per 7 e 10 ur radius 10,000
ad 14,142,(10 a s pedum 50, ad a m pedum 70-f- ac paulo ultra fed
tamen non ultra dodrantem parris. Hac inventa diftanriageo-
daefia latitudinis etiam fiet ex una diftamiahoc modo»
Ec
n. Si vifus ett tn metam latitudinis : radius eft ad tan-
•
‘ gentem anguli latitudinis, ut dittantia k vifu ad indicem
tn latitudinem continuatum ad latitudinem »
Hajceftgeodefia latitudinis unius diftanriae.Et tamen dimen
fio ex una diftanria eflfe duplexpoteft. Nam index perpendicu-
laris latitudini metiendae aut cft perpendicularis ad ejus termi-
num aut aliud punttum.
Efto primum ad terminum ejus, ut iit metienda linea tran£>
rerfa m s exempli gratia latitudo arcis fuperioris»
Sittji a u longitudo pe-
dum 50. & angulus altitu
dinis m u grad. 45. erit
na pedum 70-p
Etficjamangulus lati-

tudinis y a e grad. 90. erit

«angens ejus 5,774* j am
eum in triangulo a s m
tcftangulo ad m ex thefi
’

detur angulus a. erit utra

dius ad 5,774* Sic am di.
ftantia7o4-ad ms latitu-
dine pedum 40 &-ffer£.
»,000.5,774* 7 °t 4°j"*
Idem fuerir in radii ufu:

'4
 r o rrnd r, l i s. rn m
*t to,ooo. i e?, 774. Ergo uc 10,000. id 5,774 fic
70-f ad 40-^»
fir

Quod ante monui.

Sir;am index perpendicularis latitudini ad aliud punitum,
tam particulares latitudines reftituent rotam. Erir autem per-
pendicularis ad medium auc extia.Si ad medium jam via patefa
Ita eft.Nam latitudo dilto modo inventa fi duplicet, eft qu^fita.
Experimentum autem facies: fi imponas tranfverfariu quod-
ab indice bifecetur: &
tum vifus immoto radio fit in utram que
metam latitudinis. Tum enim angulus indicis radiit^ue optici
unius ,eft angulus femifsis latitudinis. Sed quia laboriofa eft 6c
molefta inventio iftius puniti bifcltionis imo nec femper de-
tur acceflusejufmodi: ut index in medium punitura latitudini
fitpcrpendicularis:utileefta.quocunque punito latitudinis Te-
gmenta menfurari :
pri
ni6 primufecundd fe-
cundum. At quomodo
idem punitum notabo
verbi gratia in pariete
dealbato: id facile erit
figno aliquo cocepto,
aut faltacollimatione
fecudum figna duo
loco menforia
:
pta 'manum admove
& facile videbis.
Sic in fequenti fche-
«nate ex eadem diftan-
da cape m s latitudinis
dextrae angulum
verbi gratia 20. Sitt^ue
eadem diftanria quae
ante fuit nempe m a pe
dum 7o-p& ex cano-
se datur tangens g. 20.
R % nempe
*/# GEO METRI j*E
nempe anguli dextri m a e 3,6 40,qualium raditis velfegmen-
tu indicis e(lto,ooo.Ergo ut radius ad 3,640 fic 7 oj- ad 16 fere.

i
9
ooo. 364. 7o-j- 26 fere.

Rurlus fit angulus mas fini fler gr.10.hac ratiocinatione ex di

ftatia ma invenietur s m finiftra latitudo pedu 12 & paulo ultro.
10,000. ‘»763. 707- iz.

Ergo additione particularium al

ti tudmum,s serit pedum 38.Sk la-
titudines domoruin capi poffunt:
utinhoclchematepater.
Atque (Ic dementio &C geodaefia
unius dillantiae efto.
12. Gcodxfia duplicis distanti*
cB ubi menfor locum colkmatio-
rus mutat .
Haec geodaefiafaepe necefsitatis
efttubi propter montiu, murorum,
domorum, aut alia impedimenta
unica (latio nec longitudinem nec
altitudinem fcruiatur,'nec deniqj
latitudinem menfurat. Quare hic
quali duplex cftlimplicis illius di-
(tanti ae calculus.8: recidunt huc ea
qure deangulis magnitudinis me-
tiendae eorumque tangentibus lu-
pradiftafunt. Et notabis hic diffe-
rentiam. tranfverfarjorum aut Te-
gmentorum indicis effc differen-
tiam tangentium angulorum ma-
gpitudinis ad metiendam reftae.
 *M O Tr ND I
, L I B. XI. 917
; . ..
•
Hic
//. Si vifusfit in metam altitudinis: erit ut differentia
tran puerfariorum e)ufdem indicis fegmenti ad minus ,fic
differentia(lationum ad longitudinem .
Hic operam dabit, quod etiam deinceps facies, ut
rurfus
tranfverfaria habes paucaru partium. Elio ergo metienda lon-
gitudo s r.
Collimatio itaque
prima fit remotior

exa.fecunda ex r in
eandem altitudinis
licet ignotae metam
m. Sitq; diftantia fta
tionum ra peduio.
eritms tangens an*,
gulia. fias fitradi-
us:rangens vero an-
guli ru rs fic radius.
Erit proinde er, hoc
eftoy tangens angu
li a. fic e o tangens

anguli r.

Dico jam eflfe ut

ey ady o,hoc eft dif
ferentia tangetium
ad tangerem mino-
rem fic ar diftatiam
ad as longitudinem quaefitam. Nam du&aparallela nradma.
dutta inquam pery.uty o aequeturreftae e r.
ut m n ad ey fic n r ad
y c perime. j.R.
•

uc n r ad y r fic n s ad yo
Ergo per aequationem rationu fic inverfis alternis^; termini*
ut e y ad y o fic m n ad n s.
Acutmn ad ns fic a r ad rs perij.e^.R.
R * ' Quod
t

dT
 •
. .... i* s?r

jfir/ GEOMETRI AE
Quod jam y o fuiflet io, 8ce o u. erit
Ii longitudo pedum foo.
Namuriadiojicioad >oo. *

Eadem res erit Ii tangentes liiigulorum angulorum altitudi-

nis oblatae in conlilium voces.
Quare haec eft geo da? fi a duplicis diilanriae in capienda Iongi-
Oidine:ubi ob inter/edum impedimentum meta longitudinis
videri non pofsittnec alrirudo in cuius terminum viius exir.
nota fi r. Et
14. Sivifissfit in metam altitudinisper idem tranfyer
farium erit ut differentia'fegmentorum indic1$ ad dfferen
iiamfiationumfiutranpuerfarium ad altitudinem.
Sit itaq; colli matio prima ex a in m.erir angulus eas altitudi-
nis quaelitae ejustj; tangensm s fi radius fit a s.
Secunda collimatio Iit exr.erit ergo angulus e ro etiam qu$-
Itae altitudinis &
tangens ejus m s.uiadius lit r s.

Daca-

I
 1 O T r ND I,

Ducatur perpendicularis rertae mr. ipfa n

L I B. X f. M
y quae fecet ty ae-
ualem ipG o r ut y a Gr differentia Tegmentorum indicis: hoc eft
J ifferentia tangentium complementorum quaeGtx altitudini»
angulorum.
;am reliqua Gc erunt.
ut a t ad a s Gc c e hoc eft o e ad ». m
ut o e ad m
s Gc o r hoc eft t
y ad r s . Quare or
totus a r ad a s Gc ablatus tyadrsablatumreritergouttotua
ad totum Gc reliquus y a ad reliquum a r,hoc eft ut o e ad s. m
Quod G tranfuerfarium Gt p,& diftantia ftationum pedum 30.
indicia Tegmentum minus p. majus 12. erit altitudo quaeGtape-
dum 5>o. Nam
3* 9* )o. po.
in quadrant* res eadem eft: eft enim ut differentia tangentium
complementorum angulorum altitudinis ad minorem Gc di-
ftantia ad altitudinem.
Eftoenim angulus primae collimationis eat gr. 36,52'.«™ an-
gulus t ea gr.53,8'.Ejus<j; tangens o r vel 2x1,333 refertis fcilicer
dextris notis quatuos. Et angulus fecunda collimationis ero
^ r S* 4 5 cr r & an g u lusl 6 gitttdinis tori de ejusqj tangens 1,000.
, *

Quare ty det arelinqueryanempe 1, 000 de

1,533 relinquitjji
jam diftantia ftationum a rftt pedum 30. altitudo erit po.
333 ad 1,000. Gc 30 ad 90.
Ramus ex fuperioribus multa hinc deducit poftulata ad a.e. 1

p. primo de differentia duarum altitudinum: ex dimenfarum

nempefubdurtione. %
Secundo.ex inaequalium altitudinum exempli gratia turrium
altera licet alcecius altitudinem metiri,
quod etiam hinc expe-
ditum eft: primo enim fi ex minori velis metiri majorem
cape
perS e longitudinem inter minorem & majorem,
tum enim pe
dabit altitudinem fupra minorem quae
cum nota minore addita
rcftiruitmajorem.
Secundo de majore velis metiri minorem :rurfus i nota ma-
jori altitudine capies longitudinem inter altitudines : tum p e
dabit
?io GEOMETRI AE
dabit al ti tu clinem qua major fuperar minorem inde reliqua pars
de majore eft altitudo minor. Schema illic Rami additum huc
referri poterit.
Tertium ipfi podulatum ed de inventione didantiae turrium
k vertice a1terius:quod in praemifais innotuit poftulatia per8.e.
Figura Rami huc etiam accommodari debet.
Et
t$. Si vifiss fit in terminos latitudinis ter idem tranf-
•verfanum erit ut indice differentia ad differentiam fia -
tionumfictranfiuerfarium ad latitudinem.
Hic rurfus,ut in fuperiori latitudinis dimenfione , index per»
pendicularis latitudini, ed ad rerminu ejus perpendicularis aut
ad aliud pun £him:& tum fumma particularium latitudinum to-

tam

i
 7 *

R O TV ND /, Z / B. XI
tam colligi t.Sed tamen expeditiorratio eft.fi rranfverfarium im
ponatur ita ut in metienda: latitudinis terminos immotoradio
vifus deferatur.utfitmetiendalatitudo s m.
jam fit prima collimatio ex a per e in m indice perpendi culari
ad punttum m:& ex a manente indice per vifus diducatur in s.
i

Quod fi non fitin promptu unum tranfverfarium talc:imponan

turfaneduo.feditautidcm in eodem jiationis loco fecent in-
dicis Tegmentum.
Secunda collimatio fit ex y manente tranfverfario e fim- i

plici aut duplicato :fed longius tamen ab oculo remoto: & fit
vifus per e 6c i in m & s.
Dico efie ut indicum differentiam nempe differentiam ao &
y o ad y a fic tranfverfarium e i ad s m latitudinem.
Demonftratio cum priori eadem eft. Nam dutta parallela ad
a m quae fecet ex o y fegmentum aequale ipfi o a:erit u t differcn-

I
su GEOMETRI AE
ria Tegmentorum indicis ad y a fic e o ad m n.& o ad n s:ur anre i

patuit Ergo per terminorum proportionalium additionem, erir

ut differentia tegmentorum indicis ad y a fici e ad s m.
Sic fit metienda latitudo domus s m,& fica o u.y o vero 20«
ii

tranfvcrfarium e 6 ita ut ab urraqj indicis parte 3

i . fine.
Sitque diftantiacoliimarionis ay pedum 30. Quxrirursm.
Differentia Tegmentorum indicis eft partium 8. Ergo s m erit pe
dum 22-j-. Nam
8. 6. 30. 22~.
Quod in particularium quoq; latitudinum dimenfione fic pa-
haber 8 ad3,fic3o ad ii-£-pro n m itemq; pro s n. Nam
tet: ut Te
transverfarii Tegmenta utrinq; aequantur.
Ec hinc intelligitur quomodo quadrante capienda fir. Nam
cxanrccedenti datur primo n m, deinde n s unquam altitudi-
nes:hincTumma m s. Et idem fuerit fi vifus (irin luperiori loco*
Situs enim geodxGam non mutabit.
Quare geodaefia nobis fic expofita fir. ubi, fi quis requirar,ra»
dius quidem accommodatifsimu eft inftrumeurum quadrans- :

tamen Txpe magis rra&abilis. Quod fi radio uri vis: vide us

quemadmodum monui diftribuas. in geodaefia duplicis diffan-
tis facilior per radium contra aberrationes viliis munitum eft
geodaefia.in geodaefia unius diftantix n fi radius difto modo i &
torreftus & diltriburus fit quadrans prxftabit. Hinc itaq; pi«flox
Architeftus exteri^; artifices locorum' omnium di-
menfionem inltituenc:feneftras,ftaruas py-
ramides metientur: & quicquid
•mnino in loco infigni no-
* tabile eft feruta-
’

- . , • buntur. i ,
 .

RO TV N D f, L T B. XIL
‘

# *

TH FINKI I G E O ME,
T R I AE R O fT V N D f,
•
^
L'l B E R. DvODECIMVS.
Dc fphsera eiuscp circulis.

Ocundi nobis Geometri»*ftpropofita:eius

duo
fecimus genera circulum &fph* ram . Circularem
itaque Geometriam fphaerica
fequctur quam
* brc-
vilsime delineara.
/. Sphara eH rotundumfolidum
PolTer definiri corpus comprehenfum a fpha>rico feu fuperfi-
cie fphaerica:verum rotundum dici rotundius eft. Vulgo
b corpus
ijphfricum,Latine globus dicitur: fed
tamen fphaera; vocabulum grazcum
retentum in ufu eft.
Produs in hyporypofi aftronomi-
carumhypothefeon duplicem fphte-
ram facit. Alia enim ipfi stfia eft alia
fi?i*0T*f,hoc eft armillaris,diftinftis
circulis confpicua: cujufmodi eft ea
quam Elementarii Aftrologi in Sphae
ricis fuis libellis explicanr. Sed haec
divifio feu diftinftio non ufq; adeo eft
necc/Taria . Nam armilla-
ns eft tantum effigies certarum fphaeraepartium.
Itaq;
2 ' Sph.trajit converfionefemicjrculi , manente
diame-
tro. 14. d. 11.
Sic peripheria generatur moru
punfti lines unius reliquo
quielcentc: circulus motu linea; quiefcenre ejus
termino uno.
Sic conus Euclidi 18. d. n. fit converfione trianguli rc^nguli ma
nente altero crure. Sic ai.d.n.erctfargulo cylindcr fir,&
fi c de-
' N S i - J
meeps:

•
)
 i

?*4
'
GEOMETRIAE
inceps &hocqiodoTphaera fitcon-
:

verfionc femicirculi manete ejus bafi

nempe diametro. nimirum fi conci-

piamus Ipacium illud quocl in’con-
verfione lemicirculus attingit folida-
ti& quali corporari. id quod in offici
nis t ornatiorum videre licet. ibi enim
corpus circa polos & axem motum,
fpacium rotundat.

/. Planus e diametro &

fextantefpharici eftfphara.
Sphaericum metieris per 5.e.2o.R.Hic ut circulo Iphaerico* &
lipculo & fpha?rae lua eft analogia. Cubicum feu cubica fuper-
Acies comprehenditur fex ba
fibus quadratis &
proinde
aqualibus. Sphaeaa item con 616
cinetur fexbafibusfphaericis
aqualibus cubicas bales am-
bientibus. jam cubus eft pla- 14
=

per
•
\
nus e fexra cubici parte f

latus. Sic etiam fphfra eft pia

nus e fexta fpharici parte per \ ‘
4-3 7 r
nempe diametrum.
latus
Exemplum. Efto diameter
feu axis fphaeras 14. hoc eft
diameter maximi circuli.jam
peri e 8. peripheria maximi pe .. .
P flf
‘Hncmp^.ieftfph*-
h u ju» circuli eft ++ .Ergo pbi.u.« ++
per + ,lioc cll 1,+37-r,
licum perj.e.io.R. NuncfUnu.e*
*ft ipfa fphaerae foliditas-
Iram
ut 21 ad 11,fic cubus diametri adfpharam.
4.
eft 2,7 44* Narnia peri+
ucin praefenti exemplo cubus axis
haec per 14 faciunt 2,744 cubum
lcilicetdiamctn.
firft j>6
1
&
 11

X O V T N
D A L T B. XII.
rerminis uc
m
jam ratio 2,744 ad fphaeram 1,4377- eft in minimis
21 ad 11. Maxima enim communis
menlura 8,ij! & 4,312 inte-
grorum datis proportionalium eft yi* pct quam d vi rede- i fi

unt ad 21 & 11. E* .

f . planus e
fextantejphxrici radio ett &
hcmijpbxnum.
ut planus e— •£ &7 eft 718-f. Sed accuratius
eft fumere dimi-

diam fphxram.
6 Spbarafunt ut a diametris cubi
.
iS. p.12. .

Solida fimilia habent triplicatam rationem homologorum

la

terum s.e.20. R. & axes fphaerarum funt earum latera homolo-

v

a:rurfus cubare(utita diaam)diametros efttriplicare rationem

f omologorumlaterum.Ergo ut cubi diametrorum fic fphaerae.
Eudidea demonftratio paulo eft laboriofior. Exempla fruftus
hujjis propofitionis apud Aftrologos multa
reperiuntur.
Stellas primi luminis atq; honoris ita ad terrae
globum fc ha-
bere ajunr.ut fit ratio diametri carum ad diametrum Iphaerae ter
eft 19 ad 4. Hinc ingui
rae quadrupla major tribus quartis qualis
rirur differentia magnitudinis ftellarum earum &
terrae: & inve-
niuntur eae ad terram ut <5,859 ad <54. nempe fi cubice termini
multiplicentur. '

19 4
19 '
4
}
<JI I c
I 9 _ 4_
04"
Hoc eft rerram fuperari a ftellis illis magnitudine &crafsi-
tie centies fepties
Sic Ptolemaeus deprehendit Solis diametrum ad globi terre-
ni aximeffe ut 11 ad r.Ergo ex cubica multiplicatione Sol eft ad
serram ut 1,331 ad 8. Aijsfxti
1 2
1 2.

..IU 4
1 2
*>3 l *
• 8 S 3 Ergo*
92i GEOMETRI AE
Ergo Sol terram Tuperat centies fexagies iexies CoperJ
«iens nofter paulo majorem invenit diametrum . Deprehendit
eninn*utv*7f«T*7« lolarem a tempore Ptolemaei decrevifte. ira.
que ex opticis diametrum au Vam elTe. ut hrecin Aftronomicis
docentur.
Acq; haec fert funt qu^ apud Euclidem arq; Ramum habemus
deTphaera figillatim.Nos exRegiomonrano quadam addemus:
poli calculum novum exponemus.Hoc tamen admonitum Le-
Vorem Philomathen volorut libi fphaeram comparet diftin Vam
circulisrqualis efle poteftquo vulgo ab Aftronomis decem cir-
culis componitur, in ea enim fequentia melius videri poliunt
quam in charta ac fuperficie depingi.
7 . Si axisfphara esifer centrum circuli.efl perpendicu
laris ditto circulo. dr contra . 2,1 f.j. Regsom.
Regiomontanus Tegmentum tantum axis adhibet quod eo- :

dem redir.Nam Tegmentum axis in axem continuari poteft.

• Efto centrum Tpltaerae a. circulus Tph aerae
itaq-, i o u y. eiusque
centrum e. jam refla fit ab a in e, hoc
eftaxis aut Tegmentum ejus.
Dicoaeellc perpendicularem cir
culoiouy. Ducantur enim circuli
diamerfi iu &oy earumq; termini
coiieVantur cum centro Tphaeraere-
Ais a OjaUjayjai^uaeTuntTphaerae
radii &proinde per a. e. 1. aequales.
Sed &radii eu,eo,ei,ey Tunt aequa.
les:&a elatus commune eft. Cum
itaq; triangula haec fint aequi latera,
erunt aequiangula per i.p.7.R: an-&
guli ad e aequales.
Quare cum a e diametri s circuli refti interjaceat per »0. e. 2. R.
erit iis perpendicularis in communi diametrorum TeVione
nempe ad centrum.
AtfireVaeftreVis in TubjeVo plano interTeVis perpendicu-
' y •
lari*
 laris in
Jl O Tr
communi feltione:eft
ND T, L I B.
perpendicularis fubjedo plano
XIT. &
perj.e.ai.R.
Quare a e axis eft perpendicularis circulo o u y. i

Converfa pater : Nam fi axis perpendicularis circulo non eft

per centrum:erit extra.
At fi extra centrum' fit: jamretta 'duplex ex
eodem termino
nempe centro fphaerae erit perpendicularis eidem plano.
At perpendicularis ab eodem termino & eadem paret non eft
duplexper c.io.c.i.R.
Ergo perpendicularis axis in circulu no eft extra ejus centiu
Iraqj

/. Perpendicularis e centro circuli utrin% infpharicum

continuata est axtsjphara. }.p.}.Regiom.

Demonftratio eft Regiomontano per abfurdum. vte centro
circuli e egrediatur perpendicularis e a in fphaerae centrum ca-
:

det: hoc eft continuata erit axis fphterse. Si enim non eft axis,
jam e centro egreditur duplex perpcndicularis:haec rcfta conti-
nuata ex thefirdeinde axis alius ex thefi ad vcrfarii.At id fieri ne-
quit:ut jam ante patuit.

9- ^/fxisJphara eft etiam axis circuli cui ille eft per~

,

pendicularis.
Id vulgo ficfumirur:unde& poli fphaerae funt poli circuli eo-
dem modo.Hinc ex pr^mifsis clementis funt +,5,6,7,8,9.p.3.Rc
giomonrani.quas huc referas.

I«q;
10. Si (pharici punitum eft terminus reSl.trum trium
in penpheriam circuli aqualium : esi circuli dilti polus,
Rcgiom.
ij.p. 3.
Hoc refpondet circulo ad 27. e. t:

A puiufto enim Iphaerici a. in penpheriam o u finr squales i

re<ft® rres.ajo circii. i difti polum efle in a. Etenim aba in circu-

Uiin dimittatur perpendicularis a y. Erunt ergo anguli ad y
r«&<>.
 G E O M E T R 1 AE
refti.Et cum a y Gc commune
latus &
a o,a i, a u cx thcfi
aequentur: per 5. e. 12. R. oy,

y i,
yu
aequantur^ & per 27
e i.ycftcentru circuli. Quare
•xluperioribusyaaxisfphae
rae eftaxis circuli, cui cft per-
pendicularis ex thcfi. ideo
ejus terminus a elt polus ut
fphserae Gc circuli o u i.

Et
n. Circuli quorum axis communis cft funt paralleli.
22.p.j.Rcgiom.

Nam cum »x thefi axis communis fic: erit per centrum circu-
lornipfis perpendicularis per o

9 8c 7
c.

jam vero fi plana communi

perpendiculo dividuntur per
12. e. 21. R. funt parallela, ut hic
habentaxem com
circuli a,i,e.
mune o u. Ergo funt paralleli.
Exemplum fumere potes in
fphaera aftrologica ex JEqua-
tote 8c tropicis his enim com
:

munis axis eft. unde fcparal-

lelifunt.
jam contra fi fine paralleli
per »2.e. zi.R. communi per-
pendiculo dividunrur.Id con-
tinuatum utrinqj incidit in po
ios circulorum communes.

12. (JMaximut
 L

*•
R O TV KD
M. t-MaximtuJj>hara
T, L I B. J XI
circulus esi qut jpharambifccat.
m
Id Euclides feu Euclidis demonftrator ad demanftrarionem
i7.p.i2.ficpoftulac:nempe circulum maximum efle eum qui per
fphaerae centrum fphaeram fecetrhoc eft qui fphaeram bifcccr.
Itaq;
13» Circuit maximi febifecant. if.p.j.Reeiom.
Nam axis fphaerae elt
ipforum communis fe-
ttio & utriufque com-
munis diameter.Secanc
enim fphaeram per cen-
trum, jam diameter ea-
dem fccat ex aequalibus
equalia fegmenta,nepe
lcmicirculos peri. e. 4.
Et
Circuli aquidiftxHtes J maximoSunt aquata,
aS.p.j.Rcgtom.
Et ) ^
fs r
IS
' f^pi^wximo, efl majar remetiore. *
*:' Nim font 0ti dUm « ri *

qualium, inaequalium quadra,

ufunt aequalia,inaequalia per
1. e. a. e.u.R. Er rurlus
circulo-
rum ?quidiftantium * maximo
diametri funt qualesmropio-
f
ris diameter major eftquarc-
motioris.Qjjod hinc patet. J
Ducatur circuhis magnus fe-
cans aequidiftantes k
maximo
item remotiores
perpolos.
&
propiores

Sit^ communis fe^io maxi i

T mi
 GEOMETRI AB
mi cum maximo refla e o.diameter nempe utria fquc
defcripro
fe ilio communis delcripri cum jequidiftantibus a maximo
vero
du* & y cum propiore indemy scumrcmoriorert.
rcflaey
s s.

Dico y s,y sxquaxi.Nam per ihcfin aequidiitanca centro. Ergo

perZ4 e i.funt aequales.
Rurfus y s major eft quam r r per if e i.itaque circuli quorum
diametri funry s nempe aequidiftances i maximo fune aequales:
& circulus diametri y s propioris eft major cuculo diametri r c
remotioris.
/ 6. Si maximusjph.tr* circulum maximum per flor
fecct:rcfiifccat.dr contra, zop.j.Regiom,
Maximus enime o i le-
eer maximum a e i per po-
los. dico fecare rcfli.
Nam fi refla in altero in-

serfeflorum planoru per-

pendicularis reliquo , ut
hic a polo in centrum re-
jlaou perpendicularis cir
culo aei } cft perpendicu-
laris communi feflioni e i

per eandem caufam: plana

ipfa, nempe circuli, funt
perpendicularia per 9. e.

ai. R. Convcrfam fimili-

ret veram ex fuperioribu*
* •
probabis.
feaq; ’

/7. Quadram maximi circuli a polo maximi in ipfum'y

ei ehperpendicularis. ip.jdiegfom.

Secat enim maximum circulum per polos, ut in praemi/Ta fi-

gura quadrans o e a polo o in circulum a e y ei c/t perpendi-

cularia, „ * ^
' fic
tottitftppN Et •.

it. Si quadrantes maximorum circulorumperpendicu

lares maximo circulo concurrant : punftum concurfus i»
Jpkartco eftpolus dicit circuli, i.p. 4-Seg.
E(to in praemilla figura quadrantes e o,i o perpendiculares ad
circulum a e i concurrant ad punOum fphaenci o. dico ibi efle

polum circuli a e i.
Nam maximus circulus maximum refte fecans , fecat per
polos. 18. e.
At ex thefifigillatim quadrans maximi circuli fecarre&£ma-
ximum. Ergo ligillacim fecat per polum, hoc eflconcurrunt i»
polo maximi circuli.
'

19. St maximus jphara circulus bifecet minorem circa-

lum:rctftfecat:& contra.
ut hic li maximus circulus
a e i bifecet circulum a o c re-
:

Ae eum fecat: Nam cum

cetpercentrumfscat.copule-
curicaq; centrum u cum cen-
tro fph aerae y. eri taxis yu per-
pendicularis circulo aoe per
7e. Ergo per lo.e.at.R. circu-
lus per axem fecans feAo cir-
culo cft perpendicularis.
Converfa, Si reAi fecat bife
cat,pater. Secat enim per cen-
trum. Efto enim communis
feAioea.jam fit perpendicu-
laris y u a centro fphaerx in
comunem feAionem :hoc eft
reAaa centro fphaerre bifer—
communem feAionem.
ergo u ipfum circuli centrum
& e a ejus diameter, quae cum
bifecet
 33*
#
$ E O M g r R / Ae
bifecer orculam : & circulus 1'ecans ficperdiamecruin:eireulH»
-
fccans /imilicer bifecabir.
20. Si mAximwJphar* arcultu,circulum minqjrem ter
polosfecct\bifccat:& contra. J^s^jtSp.s.Reotom.
Circulus maximus per unu
'

polum locans, nopotell non • $- . ..

etiam reliquum fecare. Nam

circuli maximi diameter eft
axis fphxrae: quare fi per unii
axis polum fic canquam fuas
diametri terminu, erir Scper
reliquum. Quare feftionem
per polos dicimus cum non :

pofsit maximus circulus per

unum fecans per reliquum
non fecare-.
Secans itaq; maximus
culus per polos bifecat. ut in
addita figura fi a e i focet
a e o per o &
alterum polum
Nam cu diameter circuli ma>
ximi fit per centrum circuli:
eiit& circulus per idem nem. j,

pe u.iraque communis feftio

circulorum e a erir fefti dia.
meter. Ar diameter bifecat : circulus ergo per diametrum fecanr
f militer bifecat.
Converfa quoq; paret. Sir enim in praemilTb fchemare circu-
lus maximus a e i bifecans circulum o e a. Sitquc communis fet
fliojdiarrvercrfcilicctfefli, e a: ejus medium elV centrum u.pet
quod fir re&a y u. Erir ea axis per 9 & 7 e.jaaxis cft diameter cir
culi maximi.Quare maximus circulus bifecans etiam per polos
nempe fuae diametri terminos fecabir.
Exfic habuimus feftionem circuli majoris, circuli minoris per
ma; orcms (
 majorem :
A tr k
fe qui tu r jam
d r, i/B. xit
feftio circulorum per majorem : &pri-
n?
m6 interfedorum.
21. Si maximusJJthara ctrculusjirculos interfeClosper
polos interfeClorumfccet:fegmentapertphenarum utrinfy
4 fecante
contra.
in reliquum feclum figitlatim fnnt aqualia : &
26p.).Rcgiom.
Sint enim interfeci duorquo
rum poli (inr a &
e. per hos fe
cet circulus magnus oaey.
Dico fegmenra cujufq; \ fecan-
re in reliquu utrinq; (ibi aequari
nempe o i.ou 8ci r,ru. Sicin al-
su& y,yu.
tero si, i

Nam circulus tertius fecans,

fecat ex rhefi per polos. Ergo G-
gillatim utrumque bifecat per
zo.aunie. Quare urrinqjGgil-
latim eftfemiperipheria.
Reliqua dehinc demonftra-
fio (ic concipienda eft in uno
inrerfedorum circulorum:quae
etiam de altero eft iiKelligenda.Diamererrertfffecanrisoy.ea~
der per praedifla in polos unius circuli exempli gratia i o u
iv
Quare eft per centrum per p 7 e & &
diametrum ejus.nempe*
:

communem fedionem fecantis & fedi, bifecat per ip. e i. Ergo-

bifegmenta communis feftionis funtfinusarcuu feAi. a fecante-
urrinq; in reliquum fertum per7 e 5:&arcuum quidem per
es 15
aequaiium.atq; (ic dtfo utrinqj fegmenta aequanturi 0,0 U,
Ea de
femiperipheriis squalibus reliuquunt i r,r u fegmenra
periphe- *
riarum aequalia. -

Converfa eodem modo patet.Si enim 0,0 u sequantur (inui-

i

eorum aequantur nempe radii circuli ferti. Quare perpendicula-

via e undo bifprtionis hoc eft e centro ferti continuata
p eft diau-
T jj mere»
 jjfr
n,
yr GEOMETRI AE*
meter maximi circuli perSe.qux corinet polos fedorum. Qua-
re tertius fecaos tranneris per fux diametri termino* rranlite-
dam per polos interfedorum . Se d haec,ut dixi.in folida figura
& globo tpfo plenius videntur & cognolcuntur/juam in charta
depinguntur.
22. 'Si maximus fihara circulus parallelos aquale* &
extrapolosfecet-.alterna peripheriarum fegmenta aquan-
. >
'
tur. igp.f.Reg.

Hoc elemento Aflrologi docent diem xftivumlongifsimum

& nodem hyemalem longifsimam xquari.Et exteras ftellarum
obvolutiones in parallelis & xqualibua cceli partibus fimili-
ter perfici.
Demonftrario ex infpedione globi non cft obfcura.
* \
‘
Sint enim diametri parallelorum
ai,yu terunt xquales, circulorum
m
fcilicet xqualium r & fit diameter
fecantis extra polos mn.dicoop& , / \P f
\
% * \

uqxquari. Namxquajiumfemif-
fes aequantur o s,ut. His addantur * ]

xquales s p.rq. Nam per 14. e.j.R.

\ t
\
•
< ut st xquaturipfi tr ex thefi fic sp,
rq.fibi xquabuncur. Summx ergo
\ r V/*
erunt xquales.
Hinc fecundo fcquitur quod erat
*r-
propofitum. Sinuum fecundorum xqualium xquales finus pri-
mi lunt.Ergoop.u q finus fecundi femifsium Tegmentorum ha
bebunt xquales primos du&osap &
q. in commune pun&um
fedionis fecantis &
parallelorum . &
proinde per 15 e s. femif-
fis peripheriarum alternarum femiperipheria aut majores aut
minores xquabuntur. Semifslum autem xqualium afTes exi-
fttint xquales.
l«q;
'23. Peripheria circuli maximi fecantis interparallelos
bifecaturparallelarum maximo.
• *
*
Nam

W
 M o tv K z> j, l i i. xn ;
'
/ft
Nam magnus fecans parallelos & maxi-
Seducatur circulus
mum fecancem parallelos, fecans (inauam) per polos: ex 12 tf

conflabit Tegmenta & parallelorum & fecanti s maximi a fecatr-

ce in reliquum aut parallelum aut datum fecanrem aequari. Haec
ergo Tegmenta aequalia de quadrantibus xquatibus,qui fecan-
turper parallelorum maximum,relinquunr Tegmenta periphe-
riae aequalia inter maximum parallelorum fic utri nqu paralle-
e
los aequales. Quare tota peripheria inter parallelos eftbifeOa.

24. Si duo maximijphara circuli in furollelorum polis

concurrant :fecant parallelorum pertphenac fimiles.
aj,p.j. Regiom.

Sint circuli paralleli a e,

o i. eos duo maximi circuli
fecent p polos a u , e u. Dico
peripheriasae,oi eiTe fimi-
les. Ducatur em comunis fe-
Aiofecanriumapolo u. Ha
continebit paralleloru cen-
tra per 9 5c 7 e. fic fint ea

j & s . Ab his centris fint Tui

radii y a, ye & 50,51. jam
uia ex eadem fe&ione egre
iuntur in planis parallelis
binarconterminse o s s i.fic
a y,y e: erunt o s fit ay ite
*
si,ficye parallelae per ij.e.ti.R. Et proinde per 4. c. iz.e.y.R.
anguli a y e, os aequantur: 8c ideo funcproponionales ad qua-
i

tuor reftos :fcd uty vel s ad 4 re£los,fic a e velo i ad Tuam peri-

pheriam. Quare a e ad o i funt fimiles.
Hinc vulg6 Geographi magna fumunrfubfidia in quaerendi»
locorum dillantiis adhibito 8. e 1.
Sic breviter cxcerpfimus ea Sc collegimus: quae ufui forevi-
4ebantur.pleraq^enim alia ex his-confcquuntur cognita do ftriu
/*/ GEOMETRI AE
nafinuum: Et G qua: praeterea ab AAronomis a Geographia &
omnino a Cofmographis defiderari videbuntur: ea expicbitli-
berfcqucnsrqui triangulorum fphaericorum continebit do&ri-
nam. unde ea brcvilsime Aftronomis probari poterunt:quaeper
longas 8c propoficiones &propofirionum demonfirationes li-
bri $ TheodoGi Vogeiinus in Aftronomia demon Arari putae.
Sed Vogelini Au dium laude eft dignifsimum : qui de ufu propo
fitionum quas doceret cogitavit rutinam multos haberet fuc-
ceflores qui non modo propofitiouum verba, fcd &ufum ali-
quem lubindicarenrmec tam veterum propofiriones vellcntre-
ainererquaminpulvereufui accommodatas exercere.

TH. FINKIIGEOME»
TRIAE ROTVNDI,
Liber Deciuvstuti v s.

D« triangulis fph aerias.

I trium maximorumJphara circulorum pertpht
rta figillatim femtpertphcriJi minores concur-
rant.triangulum conii ituuntJphartcum.
lgo definitur triangulum Iph
Sic vult
jloru pv-
circuloru py-
ramide triangularis bafis , quam
faciunt inferiprae arcuum, facien-
tium, ut deinceps magis appare-
bir.p offer etiam definiri concur-
fu aequalium circulorum at tum
:

fi minores Gntreftangulum trian

ulum non facient: fin majores

ft minores jam calculum no ad-
:

mittunt. Arcus autem feftos per

pyramidis
 R O TV ND T, L T B. XI IT. '
?fy
pyramidi» dittaebafislatera.latera triangulorum dcinceps,/am
uncato modo.dicemus.
2. Trianguli duo qualibet Utera funt ma)ora reliquo.
37.p.}.Regiom.
&
H$c artettio comunis eft triangulo plano, u t infcquenre» & '

nonnullae:catholica ergo doftrina requireretur.Caufa autem eft

ex triangulo planotnempeex bafi pyrjmidis ad centrum fphae-
rae faftae.tit efto triangulum a e fphxricum. fint etiam £ngulo-
i

rum arcuum inferiptae nempe latera bafi* py-

ramidi» Hic ai, &: i e inferiptae funt majores
quam a e inferipta per z.e.rf.R. Ergo fecant a i
& e majores peripherias quam a e per 14..
i

e. 2. Eodem modo a e & e i funt majore»

quam a &c. i \
Itaqj

3- Trianguli tria latera funt minora duabusfemiperi-

pheriis . 3Q.p>3.Regiom.
Efto enim triangulum a ei. di- c
co tria ejus latera efle minora
duabus femiperipheriis.concur-
rant enim latera a e, a in o. Erunt i

a e o,a i o femiperipheriae duae,

per & e jam per praemif-
i.e 13 12.

fum o e & oi funt majora latera

quam e i.Quare adjcftis communibus a e,ai:enmra e, e i,i a mi-
noraquam a eo,& a o. i

4. Anguli triangulifhsrici amplitudo eft penes ar~

cum maximi circuli qui ex angulo tanquam polo deferi-
ptus angulum fubtenait,
Hocficfumimus. Et tamen angulus eft ad centrum fph.-rra? fi
ex quadrantibus admittantur radii ex terminis arcus fubrenden
cis angulum. Vel fi ex cruribus anguli aequalibus in communem
feftionem Unus cadant, prout haecinipfogloboapparenr.Ec
V Hc
 •-

Iff GEOMETRI AE
fici&i; propofuione Copernicus angulum trianguli meritUt
item Regiomontanus j+.p.^.de
IIVIII I triangulis.
1
O Re-
Et hinc etiam «»W-
giomoncanus .f.p.f.angulum n^r mlrrinne metitur,
a n r anoil lim perinfcriptas m^ri rur ut
i*rsl1irvJ_
illic vi-
'
dere
:re licet. '

Hinc patet & illud quod Regiom.jo.p. 3. habet: anguli ad 4.

rectos rationem eam eile quf fit peripheri* metientis angulum
ad totum. Iwq>
j. Si anguli crura continuata concurrant:angulum com
prehendentpraditio aqualem.
Iri fphaera hoc ftatiroapparet.Nam reditudo >inclinatio > decli
natio circulorum ma
. jorum manet f qualis
ab uno termino com*
munis fedionis in al-
terum.
Et etiam hinc pa-
tef.quia id e arcus ma
gni circuli eos fub-
tendicuthie e i me-
*• ' & angulum
titur oS
. / angulum a. '

6. Trianguli tres anguli duobus retiis funt ma jorer.

;/ • 4f.p.}.Regtom. .

Efto triangulum
ae i. dico ejus an-

gulos efle majo-

resduobus redis.
Continuent enim
crura a ej a i in o.

Erit angulus o i e
angulo i e a* aut ae-
inaequa-
autinaequa-
qualis aut
lia. Teiitium enim dari nequit.Si aequalis addatur ipfis commu
r nis.
;

a i
 R '0 TV ND U L T S. XTTl
«is e i a. fient aequales. Aco i e,e i a funt duobus redis aequales*
Nam reda in communem fedione incidit ergo per i. c. 8. e. f.R.
facie angulosduobus reilis aequales, itaque &angdli acleia.
fune aequales duobus redis addito ergo angulo e ai fune :

majores.
Si jam angulus at e fit inaequalis cllo exempli gratia minor.
Ergo cum inaequalibus o i e, i e a addituridem e a.& anguli ad i

i aequentur duobus redis: duo a e i,e i a erunt

majores duobus
redis:& proinde tres multo magismajores. Eodem res redibit
ft a ie fit major : tum enim a e erit minor & angulus o aequatur
i

anguloa pers e.unde concludes propoficum.

Et fic di verfum aliquid hic habemus i triangulis planis. Illic
enim tres aequantur duobus redis j.e.d.R. hicmajoresfunc.
Ergo non omne triangulum aequatfnos angulos duobus redis.
7* Si triangulum efl aefuicrurum in baji aquiangu-
lum:& contra. 41. to.p.;. Regiom.
His diu immorari nou ertnccclTe: Haec ut communiafunt
tum planis: (iccommunem ha
bene demonftracionem.
Vrhicduo anguli e&i funt
aequicruri & aequibafes. Nam
illic a e, e i hic a i i e crura ae-
qu alia , bafis illic a i, hic a e ex
th efi^quales.Ergoper i.c.tf.e.
jR.angulie&i funt aequales.
Con verfa fimiliter per abfur
j um pacet ut io.e.6.R.
S. Trianguli majus latus fubtendit majorem
ancu-
lum:& major angulus a majori laterefubtenditur.
4J.42.
f.}. Regiom.
His diu immorari non eft confulrum.debebanralibi
ralius doceri. Demonftracio ex
& gene-
dodrinaangulorum contexi-
tur ut u.e.&R.
 CEO METUTAE
f. Si duo triangHU iduentur angulis aut duobus aquu
eruris, aut binis duorum aqualis cruris aut bafis, ita ut re-
liquorum duorii aqualium bafes femiperipheria inaqua-
Itsfint:funt aqutlatera. j6.it. jj.p.j.Regiom.

Et hoc maxima ex parte commune eft planis, primae partis &

fecundae demonftratio eadem eft cumplanisrnempe trianguli
aequicruro angulo aequa aequari bafi & triangula aequa binis an-
gulus aequalis cruris adjacentis reliquis lateribus aquari. Quare
inde huc rransferancur.
Tertia pars ab illis ali-
quid diverfi habet. Sint em
duo triangula a e i,o y u.
Sintqj anguli a &i aequales
angulis o &
u. aequalis bafis
duorum nempe ei &yu.re-
li qua quoque latera ae,y o
non fint aequalia femiperi-
pheriae. Dico ae^oydeai^.
ou aequari.
Sequitur ex fecunda par-
te:hoc demonftrato quod
angulus ae fit aequalis an-
i

gulo o y u. id era u demon-

ftrerur jam angulorum e 8c
y,i &. u aequalium aequalis
cruris e i*& u reliqua late-
y
ra a e,o y & a i,o u erut sequ
lia.Dcmonftretur itaque.
Continuetur ergo a e ai &
in s. fient femiperipherfae.
u.& ex a e s auferatur s
I aequalis ipfi o
jam ex a s fcindatur s
aequalis yo.Diftant igitur a & m.Namex thefioy hoc eft s m
8*3

acrion aequantur femipcriphcriae.Eryu&ml aequantur expri-

ma>

J*
 >

n o tv nb r,*z r b. xttt. $*t

maparte.Deinceps ei&ml concurrant in n. Cum itaqj anguli
ic &
s 1 m azqucntur.Nam eidem ad u aequantur illic ex thefi. hic
vero quemadmodum moxpatebit: erunt anguli trianguli i n 1
ad i,l aequales, & ni,nl aequalia latera per; e. Et cum ei&ml
aequentur.nam aequantur eidem nempe yu illicex thefi: hic ex
prima parte.Ergo additis aequalibus ne, n 1 aequabuntur &an-
uli n e m,n me per/e.proindeq; reliqui de aequalibus nempe
S uobusreftisaei,lms,hoceftutpatebitjamoyu. His jamae*
qualibus per fecundam partem ae,oy&ai,.ou aequabuntur.
io. Triangula aquila tera funt aquiangula : contra. &
36.s4.p.j.Regtom.
Propofitio cum planis ur communis efHIccommunem cum
iis demonftrationemhabecexi.c.d.e.3 .R.uthicfia c&a e item
ai &ai aequentur &
fitbafisci bafi
qualis : anguli
aequabuntur, fic an-
guli ad e i. & eadem
ratiocinatione.
Co n ver fafphf ricis
peculiaris eft. Nec
enim plana triangu-
la aeqniangula fem-
pcrfuntaequilatera. E;us ergo demonftrarioapudKegiomoiw
tanum haec eft.
Sint triangula fphae
ncaaei,ouy aequjaa

.(
. .>

> S. r
942 V GEOMETRIAE
gula : nempeo&a,i&u,e& y ajqualcs.Continuerur ergo i a
& e a in 1 5t s , ut a c& ou.as &
oy aequentur per 15 e 2. Erunt
proinde ts &y u aequales.Nam angulus e ai hoc eAyou aequa-
tur angulo verticali tas. Ec crura ar, ou &as, oy aequantur.
Ergo perp e bafes aequantur ts & yu. Et proinde per primam
hujus partem triangula funtaequiangula t a s &you. Nempe
anguli s&y,tflco. Sed angulo u sequatur angulus a i e,& an-
gulo y aequatur angulus i e a. Ergo angulus a s t angulo i e a.&
angulus a t s angulo e a cft aequalis.
i

His jam datis continuentur e i,t s ut concurrant in m &l.dico

el & s aequari femiperipheriseitem<|;il&lt.quod facile patet.
i

Nam fi concipias angulum les xqualem as c& continues es,

el donec concurrantin d.fientanguli Ids & lsd aequales. cum
aequentur aequalibus d quidem angulo ad e per s e. s vero fuo
vsrticali:erit &
latus 1 s lateri I d aequale per 7 e. iraq; cum e 1, 1 d
fit & e 1,1 s fimiliterfemiperipheria. Et id ell
femiperipheria. erit
quod Regiom.i^S.p.j.demonftrat.Eadem ratione 1 , 1 1 femiperi
i

pheriae aequabuntur.Quareab aequalibus femiperipheriis abla-

ta communia i 1,1, s, relinquuntur aequalia rs,noceftyu & ei.
Et proinde per p e. triingula haec sequiangula cum aequentur
erure duorum aequalium y &e, i &
u aequalibus ei,yu erunt
sequilatera.

u. Si duo triangula aquantur angulorum aqualium

duorum, duorum 'vero fimiht er obliquorum bafwus-.funt
aquiangula. ff.p.j.Regiom,

Similiter obliquorum, in tcllige ut uterq; aut acutus aut obra

fus fit. Nefcio fane quid p. Nonius hic in Menelao defiderer. ait
Menelaum aberrare quod dicat duos, quos fimiliter obliquos
dedimus, non reltos. polle enim fieri ut alter obtufus reliquus
acutus fit.& tum triangula aequilatera nonefle. Non arbitror
«pfum Menelao aliquid affingere.fed credo exemplorum difere
panciam haec parere. ipfe citat 13. p. 1. Maurolycus inde habet
sa.p.i.Regiomontanus 55.P.3. Hic conditionem non omittit.
Nec
 :

r o rv nd /, l i b. xut ur
Nec Maurolycum,fi re&e memini omififfe puto Nefcio quale .

tpfeexemplarhabuerir. Quod Irtera ut refert habuit. Mathe-

fi

matice cert£ fecit acrius propofitiones examinans 8c benigne :

fecit, benigne authorem interpretans.

Sintiraque duo triangula a e i,o u :& aequentur anguli diro

y
«8cu aequalium bafium a i,oy.rurfus anguli i&y fintfimiliter
obliqui nempe acuti aurobtufi& fubtendantur ab squalibus
kafibus a e, o u. Dico triangulorum reliqua latera ei u & y
fi non aequentur fit e i majus.
aequari. Secus protrahatur u y &
in s aequetur e i. Ergo cum anguli e
ut u s u aequentur &
e a, &
uo,itcmqueei&:u s, ex adverfarii thefi,per p ea i os aqua- &
buntur, anguli i& &
s. Sed arcui a i aequatur ex noflra thefi o
y.
quare o y &
o s aequabuntur &
per 7 e anguli ad s squales &y
erunr:& quidem cum o sy fit acutu s:eft enim acuto i squalis
etiam oy s erit acutus :& proinde reliquus de duobus reflis
o y u erit obeufus. At hoc contra thefin elementi eft qua acutus
:

dabaturrErgo thefis adverfarii falfa fuit.

Eodem modo fi i
&y dentur obrufipropofirio fibi conflabit.
Sunt itaqj triangula squilatera:Ergo & squiangula.
12. Si triangulum triangulo acjuicrurum efl majus
bafiesl majus angulo :& contra* j j.so.p.j.Regiom.
 34* GEOMETRIAE
Sint enim triangula duo fph$- .
*
jicaaci,ouy aequalium crurum
a e,ou8c ai.oy. bafis autem ci
majotis bafi uy. Eric angulus a
majoraugulo o. Et fi hoc: nem-
pe fi angulus a aequetur angulo
&
©.quod ad crura lame a major
jor fit quam o.eriieibafismajor
quam u y. , .

Eft &hoc commune cum planis 4.e.7.R.

Er quemadmodum
veritas in planis e j«c.d.cq.R. deducitur : lic
eodem argumento
irxcangulorumacbafium inaequalitas patet. EtficRegiomon-
tanus in demonftratione hujus elementi nos ad aj
&
i+.p* »• Eu

didis remittit „ . .

habuimus qu^eneralia erant, &tnangulofpnaenco

Arqjfic
fimpliciter&triangulis comparate -.deinceps de triangulorum
Reftan-
fpeciebus agendum erir.Et primo quide de reftangulo.
gulum autem hic ut & obtuiangulumnon aftringitur ad redlum
unum,unumd; obtufum. fieri enim poteft ut in eodem triangu-
eiTepolTunt: geo-
lo plures fint. Et quidem tres refti reftanguli
poitular.
doefia tamen & calculus unum redum plesunqj
quadram /it, angulum fub tendit re-
IJ. Si crus retti
£lum:quadranti in aquale fimilit er reflo maqualcm
angu

lumfubtendit:& contra. }.p. 4- Regiom.

refto major aut minor
Similiter inaequalis angulus dicirur ut
eft. Quadrantem au
prout crus refti majus aut minus q uadrante
pro peripheria quadrantis. •

tem voco
refti anguli ad a. fitq; crus
. Efto ergo triangulum reftangulum
ejus ae quadrans.dico
angulum ad efle reaum. Eft enim per 17
i

«1 s.e polos circuli i a.

jam per polum e fi* cat circulum ai. Ergo
pert/eizreaefecar.&proindeangulus i rcauseft Quod ae fi

quam quadrans erit angulus i obtufus. Nam fiat

majus crus fit
circulus oi.fieranpi-
polus in 0. circuli i a &perpolumfecct
 R O TV ND I, L I B. XIII. 941
lus o i a re&us.qui minoreftan-
gu!o e i a dato. Eodem modo fi

ea fu minus crus quadranterliec

u i a rettus & proinde nujor
:

quam e i a.

Converfa fimilirer patet. Si i

onim angulus ei a reflui eft: ea

eritquadrans. Quia enim e re- i

ftcfecatcirculumia: peri6 e 12 «
per polum fecabit. Eodemque
modo cum exthcfi e a reflele-
cetcirculum etiam perpolum fecabit. itaq; concurrent in polo
peri8 e iz. Quare erunt quadrantes maximorum circuloium.
Eodem plane modo probabis ea fuperare quadrantem liangu
lus i obtufus fitrfuperari ab eo, fi acutus. Nam ut illic o a erit
quadrans &
tum minor quam a e;fic hic a u erit quadrans major
quam a e.
14. unum quadransfue-
Si trianguli retlanguh crus
rit , dr bajis quadrans
entftn crura quadranti fimiliter
in aqualiafuerint :bafis quadrante erit minor difiimtli-
fi
ter.bafis erit ma) or. & contra. Regtom.
Similiter inaequalia intellige uterus utrumque aut majus aur
minus quadrante fit.dif-
fimiliter fi crusunu ma-
jus reliquu mirius qua-
‘
drante extiterit.
Edo triangulum
itaq;
reflangulum aci. refli i
cujus crus a fit qua- i

drans. dico a e efie qua-

drantem. Nam perije.
angulus e eft reflus.
Quare perpendiculares
X ia&
 6

Sft CEOMtTKTAE
i a & e a circulo e
id ejus polo concurrent per 18 e 12. Ergo a e 5t
i

a funi quadrantes per 17 e »2.

i

Rurfus crus utrumq; a i,e inaequale fit quadranci.erir ea ba-

i

fis minor quadrante. Sint autem crura prinib minora. Conri-

nuetur ergo e in o. ut eo Iit quadrans.
1 &
a continuetur in u.
i

ut u fiat quadrans. tum per u & o Iit peripheria maximi fphaerae

i

circuli. in eam continuetur e a in pun&oy. Quia itaque u qua- i

drans perpendicularis efi circulo e i. erit polus e i circuli in u

per 1; e i».& peridem angulus y o rettus.jam cum ex fabrica
i

c o fit quadrans, erit per primam hujuspartem ey quadram.at

ey efi bafis major quam a e bafis data.
Deinceps ciura linr majora quadrante. Tumfecenrurqua-
diantes e s,i m: tum per s &m
magnus circulus fecet circulum
ea in n. jam quiaangulus i reflus cftex theli& m quadrans, i

erit per 17 e 12 m polus circuli e s &. angulus ad s re ftus per 16 c

i

»2. & cum e s fit quadrans erit per primam parcemhujus en pe-
ripheria quadrantis major bafi dati trianguli.
Sint deinceps crura inaequalia quadrant* difsimilirer i a &
mijus.i e vero minus. Erita e bafis majorquadranre. Conri-
nuando fecandoq; crura iraq; fiant quadrantes eo,im: & pero
ac m fit maximi circuli peripheria o t in bafin. Hic ut anre m enc
polus circuli e o.& quia per eum 1 6 fecar circulum e o per e 12 1

angulus t o e erit reftus.& quia e o quadrans : trianguli o e t ba-

c quoqj quadrans erit,minor quam a c bafis datt trianguli.
lis e

Converfaquoq; facilis efi.

a
Sit enim trianguli a e i rcftanguli ad
• bafis i a quadruns,dico alterum crus
elTequadrante.polo enim a in i deferi-
batur circulus qui erit maximus: cum
ai ex thefi fit quadrans, jam fi tranleat
per c confiat a e elTc quadrantem per
iSeii. Quod fi non fecet circulum au
per e fecet fane alibi aut fupra e in o auc
infra in u.Si jno.itaquea o,oirefte fe-
a cantur
 X 0 TV JV T> T, LTV. XTTT.
Cantur per 16 e 12.Ec a e perpendicularis eft ad e ex thefi. Quare
i
W
i eft polus circuli a e per 17* 12. Quate pei idem er crus aheiuna

nempe trianguli erit quadrans.

Eodem modo colliges ei efle quadrantem fi polo a in i.de-
feriptus circulus fecera e in u.
Rurlus fi fit a i minor quadranre crura erunraur majora eo
auc minora.Si fic major quadranre erit crurum alterum majus ai
terum minus ucfirr.iii ratioc natione facile colliges, fed impof-
fibile Regiomoncanus adhibet, ut & Euclides pletalq; conver-
fas demonftrat.Nam fi a i eft quadrans erit cruium e i, e a alteru-
trum quadrans.fecus fi non fic:ent utrumque aut majus aut mi-
nus:aut alterum majus alterum minus quadrante: At fi majus,fi
minus utrumque, baiis a i minorquadraute:fi unum majus reli-
quum minus ai erit major quadrante. At hoc eft contra chefin.
Rurlus fiaibafis fit minor quadrante: erit crus urrumque aut
majus aut minus.Secus fi non fic erit unum quadrans aut unum
majus reliquum minus quadrante. Quo polico a illic erit qua- i

drans hic major quadrante per ante demonftrata. Acai nec

:

quadrans nec major quadrante ex thefi Ergo &c. :

Eodem modo fi a bafis fit major quadrdnre , alterum prus

i

quadrante majus alterum eo minus eric.Nam fi non fit: bafis a i

aut erit quadras aut eo minor, ut jam paruit. At nec quadras nec
eo minor. Ergo crus akeru quadrante majus, reliquum minus.
Iraq;
//. Si trianguli reftanguli argutorum in baftalterre-
flusjitjbafis quadrans ent jin uterq{ aqualiter obliquus,
ba\fis quadrante minor esi Jm inaquaLtcr obliquus, major
eH:& contra. 6.7.p.4-.Regiom.
Hoc elementum expr&nuYsis duobus feqintur.Narr fi trian-
unum quadranti aequatur, bafis quadrans
guli re&anguli crus
eft per 14. e.

At fi trianguli re&angnli angulus in tafireftus eft crus retti,

fe&o in bafi oppofitum eft quadrans. 13. e.
X a Ergo
 14* GEOMETRI AE
Ergo fi trianguli reflanguli angulus in bafi rcftus
eft,bafis elt
quadrans.
Sic reliquae ejus parres expraemifsis duobus elementis
fyllo
i !mi co m plexiones funt.ht novis hic elementis no eiTet opu
st
ato enim antecedente lyllogilmi: velnoncnunciata cornpld
xio vera ell & intelligirur.
16. Si duo trungula retia»gula crurum retli
figilla-
tim quadrante minorum aqucntur binis lateribus :funt
aquilatera. s6.f.}.Reg.
Sintenim reftan »

gulaaei, ouy.re-
fios habentia ad i

&y&ei,ia rurfus
u y, y o. figillatim
quadrante fint mi
rtora. jam bina la-
tera aequetur.Erut
ea aut crura : aut
crus refti bafis&
nurroqj triangulo. /Equenrurergo primo ei, uy & ia,yo.per
9 & u o. Quare triangula erunt aequilarera.
c aequabitur e a
Secundo ea,uo,& ai,oy sequentur. dico ei & uy sequari.
Continuentur enim ia,yo in s & r ut fiant quadrantes si,ry.
erunt in s & r circulorum fubje&orum ci,u y poli per 16 e n.
Rurfus ab s &
r dcfcendanc perpendiculares quadrantes s e, r u

aequales:funcenim quadrantes aequalium fcilicct maximorum

circulorum. Sed &a s aequaturarcui roJuntenim complemen-
ta aequalium a,y o.& e a,u o ex rtiefi aequantur. Quai e triangu-
i

la aequ.la era cum fint erunt aequian gula &sae,rou aequale»

anguli:& reliqui eai,uoy de aequalibus nempe duobus reftis.
jam in triangulis e a i.u o y anguli aequicruri aequales funt.Lrgo
per p e. bales e i,u y aequabuntur.
S c de triangulo reftangulo ha&enus diximus: quod ut nec
ad. quadrantem unum fic nec rettum angulum unum eil reda-
ctum.
 X O V T
7, ND
L T B. XI IT. 349
ttum.pro lateribus tres habere quadrantes poteft & tum re&os
eres habebit.au/ duos habet quadrantes & tum totidem reftos:
aut milium habet quadrantem & tum tantum unu rettum obti-
net:& latera omnia quadrante aut minora funr, aut duo majora
tertium minus Et illic, reliqui duo anguli erunt acuti hic vero
: :

alcer acutus alter obtufus :n modo rettus uni inaequalium late-

rum opponitur.Si enimre&us fubtendaturabali minore quam
iit quadrans , anguli reliqui 1'unt obtuli . ut jam ante per aliquot

elementa patuit.
Et hinc jam patebit quot in triangulo reltangulo data e(Te
oporteat ut tertius aliquis & optatus terminus inveniatur. Cec
te conftat datis praeter reflum angulum quibuslibet duobus
terminis tertium inveniri po(Te:ablque alia aliqua laterum auc
angulorum determinatione.Si tamen ex dato crure refto & an-
gulo oppolitobalin inveniendam pofuerimus :fit'ne ca futura
major an minor quadrante praefeiamus oporter.id itaq; ex theli
dabitur: Calculus enim hoc non judicaoic.poreftenim fieri uc
crure ihinore aut majore bafis tamen majoraut minor fit. Itali
dato crure cum angulo oppofircTcrus reliquum inveniendum
Ct.autangulus reliquus, ut m fequenti figura vides.
Elto trianguiii e a re&angulu. cujus detur crus i e
i angulus &
a.& fit bafisminor qua
ia
drantenitiem hoc confli
terit dubiii elhfit nealTu-
meJaoiania.Quiain tri

angulo i o cade Jaca ma

e
nent. crus e comune. an-
i

gulus o f qualis angulo a

a ite tan-
p 5 e ij.fiilinus i

ges ac lecas conveniunt

cuditis bafis oi pSe f.
Eodem modo fi his daris velis inquirere crus alterum ea. nifi

(Vne maius aut minn^ quadrante: calculus id non inve

definias
nicu Nam trianguli i e a 8c i e o communia data lunt.fed unius
X } crus
 ff * bVOMETRTAE
«rus reliquum majus alterius minus quadrante exifticcommv-
tii etiam linu, tangente, fe cante. ita Ii nldem datrs angulum i m-

vsftigare velis nili de ejusfpecie conftet calculus eum non de-

finiet. Nim duorum mangulurum data lunt communia & ta-
men angulus umus eft obiulus, alterius
i acutus &
utriq; inie-
rim relpondetidcm finus,fecans eadem arqj etiam tangens.
Sequitur de obliquangulo triangulo quod ut in piam* eft :

obtufangulum aut acutangulum.jam fieri porellut obtulangu-

lum trcsobtufos habeat,du >s,eiiam unum tantum, acutangu-
lumiraq; id tantum erit quod tribus eft acutis donatum. De nis
quaedam lunt apud Rcgiom.y.io.n.12. 13.14. p.4 .Qua: tamen ex
rc&angulis cognofci poflfunr.
Ne tamen qms hic quicquam delideretrbreviterea fubiiciam:
demonftranda tamen cuiq; ex fuperioribus modo jamprsedi-
&o relinquamrpraemifto hoc elemento.
7 7. Si trUngulumft militer in bafi eft obliqu angulum:

perpendicularis arcus d vertice cadit intra triangulum:

extra fi difitnnliter S.p^.Keg.
Edo enim triangulum a e i in bafifimiliter obliquangulum
nempeut e & i auracuti fintauc
obtuli. Dicoperpendicularem ar
cum ab a cadere in bafin e o intra
triangulum. Secus: fi non cadit
intra, coincidit lateri aut extra ca
dir. At neutrum. Namficoinci-
dcret lateri fieret angulus ad o
.

exempli gratia tellus: quod eft e

contra rhefin.
Quod extra cadarverbi gra-
fi

tia ad o bafis continuatae, erit a o larus commune duobus rran-

rulisreftangulis.jam in triangulo rellangulo a eo. quia angu-
Ilis e.exempli gratia eft acutus per 13 e.a o. arcus perpendicula-
ris eric minor quadrante.R.urlus quia ai e eft acutus ex thefi.re.
liquus
% •

1
1
/ -
'
•

/
 r • rr nd i, iTB. irn . >//
liquusadduosreAos ai oeritobtufus.itaq;aopertj e eritma
jor quadrante . & proinde major &
minor eodem: quod eft ab-
furdum. .

Ergo perpendicularem difto modo angulis in bafi affc&is

extra cadere eft impofsibile.
Regiomontanus primam partem induxit fic fecunda col-
ut :

legir.nempe perpendicularem non lateri concidere nec cadere

fcilicetangulorum unu< in bafi acutus reliquus obtufua
inrra:fi
fieproinded: cadere extra. Potcft tamen hoc modo ex pri- &
ma parte colligi.
Sit enim rurfus triangulum
i,& angulorum in bafi e fit acn
ae
tus,reliquus vero i obtufua.Dico perpendicularem a vertice a»
cadere extra datum triangulunw
Concurrant enim c a,e in i
.< t (

u. Erit angulus u trianguli *

a i u aequalisangulo e dato
per 5 e.& proinde acutus.
Deindequia angulus eia
e
eft obtufus reliquus a u erit i

acutus. Ergo cum anguli i & '

u in niangiiJo a u fint ejuf-

i

defpeciei nempe acuti:per-

pendicularis cadet intra tri-
angulum faftum.& proinde extra datum triangulum.
Sed hoc eft tyllogifmi demonftrare complexionem quae ta- :

men pramifsis datis neceftario concluditur. Quare fyllogifticO'

judicio haec pars contenta erit ifto.
Si perpendicularis k vertice trianguli cadit intra : anguli ift

bafi fpecie iidem funt.ex pii na parte.

AJdeafiumprionem quam thefis ad fert: At fi angulorum al-
rer acutus alterobrufus hc:anguli fpecie nonfuntiidem.
.
Er8° anguli in bafi difsimilirer fint obliqui perpendicula-
:

ris non cadit intra. Ergo extra, ^am lateri coincidcic nequir,ut
in prima parte cft dcnionftutum.
Hoc
 GEOMETRIAE
Hoc itaque elemento expolito: fic dc obliquangulis Regio-
montani funt theoremata.
tS. Triangult acu tanguli laterafigiliatimfunt minora
quadrante. p.p.^.R.
Eflo triangulum a«.utangulu, hoc a
eft trium acutoiumangulorum a ei.
defcendatarcus perpendicularis a o.
fient triangula a o i, a o e reftjngula.
jam utrmq; cum ex theli o a i, & fn-
gulus i.item o a e & ang. e. fint acuti:
o a St o item o a
»er 13 e. 19. i & o cfigil-
fatim funt minora quadrante. Quare peri4 e. &ai &aefigilla-
20.
tim funt minora quadrante. Eodem modo de e conflabit Ii ex
i

alio angulo
21. cadat perpendiculares.Erficfequentespropofitio-
nes induci porerunt, quod monuitte faris fir.
Si trianguli duo acuti aquales fint:aqualium bafes
quadrantefunt minores, io.p.4.
Si trianguli duo acuti tn aqualesfint: minores bafis
quadrante minor erit. i2p.4»
Si duorum acutorum alterius bafis non fit minor
22.
quadrante .tertius angulus obtufus erit ejus bafis major
£
quadrante. *ta.p.4.
Bafis pollulaturnon minor quadrante fed aut ei squalis aut
:

major. Ec demonftrario facilis eft ex fuperioribus. Si enim in

praemitto fchemare a i fic quadrans jam aut ao auro i erit qua-

drans per 14. e.fed a o non eft per «3 e. Ergo o & proinde e ma-
i i

r 8c angulus eai obtufus. Quod fi ai fit majorquadranteicrir,

j
quia a o minor, per 1+ e oimajor&c.
Si trianguli duo obtufi aqualesfunt: aqualium ba+
fes quadrantefunt majores, u.p.4.
2j. Si trianguli duo obtufi inaqualesfint: bafis majoris
erit major quadrante. H
~P-4»
Haec funt qua: Regiom. habet de obliquis angulis. quae exre-
ftangulis huc tamen redundant. TH.

t
 JL O TV ND b LIS. XIITT. 819

T H. FINKII GEOME*
TRIAE ROTVNDF,
Liber. Decimvs q_v a k t v s»
De calculo triangulorum
(phacricorum.
Ervenimus tandem Dei gratia ad id quod inter c*
tera praecipue nobis propofirum fuit:pervenimus,
inquam, ad doftrinam calculi triangulorum: quae
rameftlatt dilfemita acditfufa: quam lati coelum
& terra parent.Majori itaq; animi alacritate, Audio
& diligentia fumma ea erirperdifcenda:fi modo ad coelum svo-
lare, arcus globi terreni metiri bene voluerimus :fi deniq;hinc
in omnia vitae genera redundantem ufum atqj fruttum oogno-
fcere cupiverimus.
Calculus erit facilis 8c expeditus: deduttus &
ex lemmatis
Ptolem^i cyclicis auxilio tabularum Direftionu Erafmi Rhein-
holdi,& exRegiomontano noftro. Quare primo Ptolemaeum
fua docentem e Menelao paul6 plenius audiamus.
i. Si quatuorperiphenarum maximorumfphara arcu-

lorum figtllatimfemiperiphend minorum, duxfaciant an-

gulum reliqua ab harum terminis reflexafc &
priores fe-
cent.ratiofinuum unius adfinumfuifegmcntiyelfegmen
torum interfeflti ratione (inuum ita conterminarum pe*
ripheriarum,utprima facientium contermineturprinci-
pio antecedentisfatta fecunda hu)us confequcntisfm ion
m
termina terminetur finem confequentisfacla.
Sint quatuor peripherix maximorum Iphaerae circulorum fu
.
gillatim lemiperipheria minores, quaru duae e a, i a faciant an-
gulum, reliquf Une in fe reflexg ab i &e
fecantes priores in o &
u
Y fe
 1 1

'V

1
'
€ E O Jf X Tl T A£
k ipfas vero in y. Hinc jam
varie ratio Gnuum arcur.m
particularium componitur:
prout in elemento cft indi-
catum: Etlequens quorun-,
dani cafuu dcicriptio often-
dicubi tamen pro ipfis arcu-
. bus, arcuum mus intelligan
!

tur.Ec antecedentibus ratio-

num terminis conlequentes
•>
% m
fubjetti intelligantur.Et funt
prima duo exempla Ptolemaei
Facientes.
A. »7
i ' o e
C. y o ea
i u
1 o J «
c u
i a au
|f|;j 1 »‘ t 1 .

pr,
m
a e ° r au u
iir ,\ e o 7 J
1 1 .

“
,:l MW* a o
o e
« y
y u
I I U

I
tv
'

ii U a e
1

u a e a » y y o y >
.•
i

V I.
«2
-

o a e u • •
'
i o i i
y
a e u y
V I 1.

u e
4’
i a io o y
a u C y
I j
Ec
•/

•V-w

i
 %

XII II'
x o TV N n Tt L I B. isf

duab. nripM* t owu

Et GraaM «fo» «liquit e monl^(.
.

Etolemau* primum toumexempluin^d ^^

Sim inlcnpiae arciium o a, a i, i o, r .

lecau. i a in r:& s y lcca n , 1 0 m

• ducantuiquc radii,, u quidem

ao infcripta contmuataia
*:&• «.Continuatu» concurrat cum
communis feflion»» a u & u y e. Refla
i
au-
t Erit tum s r u par»
Reflavero s etcirculorum
cem Vny cir Jorum uye & iyo. funtf.m ul «n triangulo
uyc&cco a.Porro infcrip»* o a,a i, a o t
difli cum diftiscir-
ao i.Suntd-, commune* feftione» trianguli
cum n, fint in difto triangulo & c,rculo u y e.
iulis. itaque r, t,
planorum trianguli nem-
erunt in communi feftione diftorum
pe atque circuli hoceft in una refla.
Nam plana tcrminanturli-
nea:ereo linea fecanrur per c.f .e.i R.
angulum a r,a i. re-
iam cum quatuor refl* fi«* du* faciente»
lique ab harum cerminia i&t reflexae
nempe io,tr fecancesfe
& priores: per i W .R. ratio ir ad
ra.hoceftperige^.finusar-

cu» i u ad finum arcus u a,fit b ratione

i n ad n o,hoc
eft per du
&
ad finum arcus y o,
flum elementum i ratione finu» arcu* iy
e erauone finus arcus o c:ad fi-
ratione otad ta,hoccftpcr .+ 5
numarcusca.

r ‘F
1
t
 * O TrND T» L I B. XII 17 .

f o ad finu arcu» o y, & ratione Onus arcus y e ad finu e u. Quod

Ptolemaei primum clt exemplum:at dices quis dediti a ad au
fic fieri? Secandum Ptolemaei exemplum id habec.itaq; fpecia-
libus ejufdem generis omnibus fatisfeciOe Ptolemaeum credor
Nam radius & inferipea d &a parallelae fint demonftrario cui-
fi i

vis obvia eft: uthicfiao&sefinrparallela:. Qaiaitaq;funtin

eodem planonempecirculo aoe:&rurfus ao atque rt funtin
eodem triangulo ai o.itemtj^r 1 8cs e in eodem circulo uy e 8c :

harum duae a o,« e funt parallelae ex thefi. Ergo utraqj parallelas

eftad tertiam r t docente id
6.e.zi.R.itaq;perij.e. y.R, *
ut iradra,hoc eftfinus ar-
cu» i u ad linum arcus u a,
eft ut i t ad t o, hoc eft Qt fi-
nus arcus iy ad linum yo»
iamfinus oe&ae aequan-
tur per 8 e 5. Ergo ratio II-
nu« i u ad u a fit e ratione fi-
nus arcus y ad linum y o &
i

latione finus arcus o e ad

finumarcusae. Nam rario ^
haec ultima finuum aeqnalfT
tatis el^ideoque rationem
non mutat. y **
Secundum fu uni ntem-
pium Ptolemaeus demon*
Arat ad primi modum. in '

quo eadem Thebitius defi-

derat. At nos Theonis demonftratione contenti lumu» quare
paulo ante atrulimus\.ut in fecundo lchemace ratio paad au
nocjsft ia ad aufiterationepo,hoceftioad oy,&ratione ye
ad e u :Ethaecdemonftratio omnibus cafibus hujus generis ex-
empiorsm convmir. Reliquos cafus ex hadienus di&is fimili-
Bctexpedicsr ^
r x z.Hutc
 I

R O TV ND J, L I B. X TJ I7. 1$)
rati#
ns ircus y e ad finumei.At hae inter fe multiplicatae funtratie-
finus arcus u o adlinum arcus ic.per multiplicationem
radii.
num.hcterologi enim aequales funt.nempc funt
Sin. u o. Radius n a. * i.
Radius (in. e *•
,
elementum ipfum .cujus vires in cal-
Ergo hinc jam fequitur
calculo reaangulo-
culo trianguloru multae funt: maximae in
rum:quoru ea Geodaefiahaec recipit qu* unum habent
rettum-
a
In fequentibus autem demon-
Arationibus nos ejufmodi adhibe
bimus triangulum cujus crura re-
fti fine minora quadrante, & pto-

inde anguli in bafi acuti, ut triangu

lu a c i . cujus angulus c reftus fit.

Et quicquid de ejufmodi trian-

gulo demonftratum fuerit uerum :

critetia fi crura fintauadrante ma-

iora, proindedj angulfin bafi obtu-
li. utnic quoa de
finiftro triangulo
fuerit monftratu:
id verum erit de
dextro.Nam cru-
ris e a illic &hic,
finus ide eft:item
e i illic &
hic. Sic angulorum ad a 8c i acutorum acobtulorui»
finus iidem funt per 8 e 5.
• ^

Eodem^ modo fi cruru illud quadrantem

fuperet hoc vero*
quadrante excedatur. Quia finus, ut jam diftum eft,& proinde
etiam tangentes ac fecantes non motantur. Quare jam matri*
facundae amabiles videamus.
filias
kaq; in triangulo reftangulo.
3. Radius eU ad ftnum bafts,ut finus anguli ad finum
- cruris dido angulofubtcnfi. i6f.+.Regiom.
Ihi
 R 0 TV N D T,\ L T B. X I II. jdt
Sunt ergo hujus elementi data praeter angulum reftumbafi*
refti & angulus.inventu erit crus redit angulo di&o oppofitum.
Et ne res exemplo careax: .
'j

Derurbafis i a gr. 30.

Angulus a.28'. Quantus eft mini-
gr. 23.
mae inclinationis Zodiaci ad ^Equatorem Copcrnico.
Quxricuri e.arcus nempe quem Aitrologi vulgo decli-
nationem vocantpun&i Zodiaci 1 ab Equatore. .

Ex canone a (Inus datur 5, 000,000. (mus vero anguli a*

i

$,j>82,i5f.Ergo finus i e invenietur 1,991, 077-f.

Kad. ia - a. i e
*•
«; 3 , 98 *,«?? t,99>.°77ir-
Sinus inventus in canone unuum monflrat arcum gr.1j.29' 5".
ut etiam in rabula fua Rheinholdus annotavit. Eodem modo Ii
angulus a eflTec obtufus gr.i56.$2'.Gniis quidem maneret & inve
nirctur idem, veru e non amplius ellergr.u.ip.f.Sed
i

major fcilicet quadrante per ij e 13.& per 8 e j.rcliquus ad fcrai-

peripheriam arcusgr.u.29.5.
4. Radius eH ad finum complementi cruris, utfinus com
piem enti reliqui cruris adfinum complementi bafis.
1 9.p. 4. Regio?». j.thcor.Cebri.
utratento triangulo tioftrofunt proportionales
Radius, fin.compi. i e. fin.comp. ea. fin, comp.ia.
Manenre enim fabrica prioris figurae erit u i complementum
bafis.
y complementum cruris i e, eo complementum cruri*
i

a e.Sunt enim ex praemifTa fabrica y c,a u.a o quadrantes. A t ve-

ro per 2 e.ut finus ey radius ad fimi yi.fic finus eo ad finum i u.
:

Quare data hujus elementi praeter piimum aureae rcgu!$ ter-

minum lunt crura: quaeritur bafis. ¥ •
Detur exempli gratia ea. grad.a7.5 '.2o" at i e grad.ii.r/t".
+
Quaeritur bafis.
Ex canone igitur finuu darnr finus coplementi ea. 8,837,105.
complementi e 9 799 * 77 %- Hinc elcnuntum diftum inveniet
i
,

linum complementi i 2.8,660,263.

Z Comple-
 JS 0 METRI AE
Complementi
- A
‘i
i e e a ia
to,ooo,ooo. 9,799,778. 8,837,203. 8,660,163.
Sinui invento rdponda arcus grad.6o. ejus Coiriplementutn
«11 bafis grad.30.
* c -
Sed cur bafis non eft gr. 150 ? Quia crura funr minora figilla-
tim quadrante ex thefi.Ergo per t+ e 13. bafis eftminor quadrare.
Ac fi crus i e fu (Ter 168.30'.
i crus e a.gr. «52.5. +0". Ettum
’ bafis etiam eflec gr.$o.

&
• •
f
Verum Ii crus e quidem fuifler grad.i68.3o .55".e a vero grad.
1

H .tum bafis elfet gr. 150. nempe reliquus peripheriae gr-

(
»7.54. .zo'
I \ 30 de 180. per 8 e 5. Eodem modo deinceps accommodabis ex-
empla ad trianguli crura latera majora, minora quadrante: ad
angulos obliquos, jam bis monuifte fatis Iit. Ec
f. Radius eft ad(inum complementi cruris, ut Jinus an-

guli ditto cruri non oppojitiad(inum complementi reliqui

unguli. a.thcor-Gebri. iS.p^.Reg,,
Sic in rriangulo noftro proportionales funr
Rad. mi.comp. i e. lin.ang.i. fin.comp.a.
Rad. fin.comp. ea. lin.ang.i. fin.comp.i.
Manente enim
, trianguli no Ari fa-
brica polo i defcri
baf maximus cin-
culus s t. jam i a
perpolu fecet s r; *

erit angui qp s re-

flue. Sed &c angu-
lus u ex praemifTa
fabrica reflus eft.

quare fi u y con-
currat cum s t in t.

erit t polus circuli

:
 y

R O TV N D 7, L T B. XT IIT.
eia.8crs,tu fient quadrantes. Etcum i yfccet etiam circulum
• c per poium:fient anguli ad r refti r quadrans. & i

jam per i e.ut finus arcus c hoc eft radius ad finum arcus i
i

complementi cruris i e fic finus s r,hoc eft anguli ad i. ex fabtica

& 4. e j.ad finum arcus
1
u,hoc eft complementi anguli a.
y
Eode modo res patebit de crure e a & angulis in bafi obliquis.
Exempli jam loco detur crus a e grad^^+.to". Sc angulus 4.
gr.23.2S'. Quaeritur angulus i.
Sinus complementi cruris ex canone datur 8,837,203.
Sinus anguli a eft 3,9X2,155*
Ergo finus complementi anguli i invenietur 3,919,01.
Com. a e. fin. ang. a. (in. com.ang. i.

10,000,000. 8,837,203. 2,982,159.

Sinui invento ex canone debetur peripheria grad.20.3^.1^.
Ejus ergo complementum gr.d9.23'.+^'.eftproanguloqu*fiio.
Ettn reltangulie
6. Si aquentur angulis duobus acutis ,fed bafibus re-
*
ilorum fint inaqua lia: erit ut finus differentia crurum a-
qualtum (jr reflorum adfinum differentia bafium fic pla-
nusfinuum complementorum crurum aqualibus oppofito-
rum adplanum radii atq finus complementi anguli aqua-
{
lis. J.p.f. Regiom.
Sint enim duo triangulare*
llangula a e i. a o 11 aequalia
angulo acuto ad a. Sed bafis
refti u a major bafi a.Concur- i

rant jam eruta perpendicula-

ria i e,u o in y.ubi per 18 e 12 po
lus eftcircuU a o.
Rurfus per polos maximus
circulus y s r fecer & as&ar
relte fecabit per id e
12. st &
alecerminabit quariratem an-
. Z 2 guli

**
V,
•
V
 GEOMETRI AE
guli a.& cum r y fit quadrans erit s
y complementum anguli a.
in ucroqj triangulo aequalis:;amficarcus perpendicularis i t»
Erit peri e.primo: ut finus yu complementi u o crurisop-
pofitiangulo aequali in uno triangulo ad linum arcus y s com-
plementi anguli aequales:fic finus u differenti; bafiu ad Gnu i r.
i

Secundo:utfinus y complementi cruris oppoGti angulo ae-

i

quali in altero triangulo ad finum arcus y e, hoc eft ad radium»

E It enim y e quadransrlic finus arcus i r ad linum arcus o e diffe-
rentiae crurum rectorum angulorum & aequalium.
ut hic oculis fubjcfta vides.
Sin. y u. y s.iin. fin. i u. fin. i r»
Sin. y i. Rad. fin. i r. 'fin. o e.

Ergo ex arithmetica proportionum multiplicatione, cum ter-

mini fecundarum rationum becerologi fine aequales: erit ut fa-
ftusab finuyu per finum y i ad fattum ab finuy sperradium fic
finus i u ad finum o e. Quod propofirio continebat.
Hinc in triangulis rcftangulis calculus quidam eflinprimit
facilis: pro inventione unius quinqj illotum terminorum prae-
fer radium.
Nam exterminia hic politis apparent hi termini propor-
tionales.
Sin. i. fin. u. fin. y ». Quart.
y y
Quart. radius fin. i u. fin. o e.
Ergo fi exempli gratia fit quaerendus angulus ille ad a. in
troq; triangulo aequalis»
Erit
ut finus differentiae crurum reftorum ac aequalium adfinum
bafium re&orum fic radius ad quartum aliquem.
differentiae
Rurfus ut finus complementi majoris cruris oppofiti aequali
angulo ad finum complementi minoris fic quartus inventus ad
finum complementi anguli quaefiri.
Exempla hujus inventionis invenies apud Aftronomos qui :

exobfervatis phaenomeni logitudinis aclatitudinis locis duo-

bus angulum obliquitatis circuli phaenomeni ad Zodiacum in-
q,uiiuiu*
 R O Tr ND T, L T B. XTI7T. M
qurrunt.ut fi fit notata latitudo cometae& ie &uo,&exlongi-
tudinibus fit mna differentia hoc efto e. Ex calculo etiam nota
differentiai u(nempeex angulo uy i &complementislatitudi-
num ut inferior calculus docebit)invenictur hoc ratiocinio an-
gulus a.qui eft diftae obliquitatis.
Regiomontanus plura hinc deducit theoremata libro quin-
to.qux illic legi poliunt. Quae Tnde eft inVenrio:eam arbitror ex
hoc calculo elfe faciliorem. ,Quod fi ejufmodi theoremata col-
ligenda fint colle&ionis finis nunquam fuerit. Quis enim eo-
:

rum ultimum inveniet I

Et in obliquangulo.
7. Sinus angulorum finibus oppojitorum laterum dire*
(Tefuntproportionales. ij.p.+.Rcgiom,
*
Efto triangulum obliquangulum a e i.
Erunt proportionales
Sin.an. e. fin.an. i. fin. a i. fin. a e.

Sin. an. e. fin.an. a. fin. a i. fin. e i.

Defcendat enim perpendicularis ab angulo a in bafin e i.fiene

duo triangula c o a, 1 o a rc&angula ad 0. jam per 3 e. Ra-

dius, hoc eft finus anguli o.( Anguli enim 0 menfura quadrant
eft,& quadrantis finus radius eft)eft ad finum e a ut finus anguli
eadfinumao.
Ecrurfusutfinusangulioadfinumaijfic finus anguli aio ad
finum a 0»
Z 3 S in»
 e -

s
10* GEOMETRI AE
Sin. an. o. (in. a e. (in. an. e. (in. a o. '
^
Sin.an. o. (in. a i. (in an. i. (in. a o.
jam ex proprietate proportionis fartu s ex (inu anguli o in a •
equatur farto a (inu a e per linum ang.e.itemq; farto a Gnu ai per
finum anguli i. Et proinde farti hi (ibi aequantur itaque perean-
dem proprietatem ut (inus a e adfmum ai, (icCnua anguli i,ad
. Cnum anguli e^adem res in reliquis angulis fuerit.
' Et licet hinc
I. Dati Anguli dato crure ac bafi,angulum cruri oftofi-
tum in venire:fi modo obtufusnejitfuturus an acuttufr*
faveris. 2p.jo.J>.4. Rcg/otn.
Exempli fumamus exempluThaddaei Hagecii ex dia-
gratia
lexi fuade novaftheriaftellaihabetautidcapireiftiusfciipti ij«
angulus e a gr.8.^o'.& eifttgr.
Sit i

<$.i4.'.acq;a e Gr gr.41. Haec enim data

illic funt. & apudTychonem inferi-

pto de eadem re. Quxritur angulus
e i a qui obruftis erit, id enim ex pri-
ma infpertione coeleftis illius civita-
tis patere potuit.
Ex illo elemento itaq; jam dirto G-
nus e eft ad Gnum anguli c a i, ut linus ae ad Gnumanguli aie.
i

Dantur autem ex canone finus e quide 1,085,778.6 a i 1,535,608«

i

i &a 6 , 56o,55>o.Hinc ergo datur Gnus anguli eiap, 178,595.

ei a e a i

1,085,778. $,560,590. «.535,608. 9,27*, 59f*

Sinui invento competit ex canone peripheria gr .68 6'. & pau
lo ultra. At angulus daturobtufus:quare Gnus inventus non erit
anguli acuti, led obtuG nempe reliqui 68. 6. de i8o,hoc eft 111.54',.
fere Erit ergo angulus eiagr.1n.54'. Vides ergo necciTcefle ut
condet Gt ne angulus obtufus aut acutus quem inveniendum
proponis. Anceps enim eft &
dubium triangulum prout in pla-
nis quoq; diximuscSc eadem hicratio eft.
, Arqj
 * O Tr N
D r, L 7 B.> XI 177. ftf
Atq; illud eft quod Regiomonranus ad ip.p^.admonecEtb
Copernico ominum P.Nonius in obfervacionum regulis&in-
ftrunaencis aegre fert.
. Er
p. Daturum angulorum data unius bafi reliqui bafi*
invenire: fi quadrante ma)ornecneea fit coniiiterit.
izp.+.Regiom.
ut retenta prasmifla trianguli menfura detur angulu» a. detur
angulus i. & detur a e* Quaeritur e i. Ejus finus invenietur
1,085,778.01 mutatis terminis praemifsi fic patet.
Ang. i' 'a ae ei .

9,178,595. *>535>*° 8 *
*»S*°»SP** .1,085,778.
jam li nui invento reipondet arcus gr.tf,i4'. Sed arcus grad. &
I73.4.6'.per 8 e 5«at utro oafin definiam? Certe id una dari opor-
tet,quia calculus id non in venitrquemadmodu ex iis patet quae
fupra de triangulis re&angulis monui: (i obliquangulum ad re-
ttangulaper perpendicularem reducas. Etid eft quod P.No-
nius in u.theor.i4.capitis Copernici defideiar : quod tamen in
Regiom.ad jt.p.4.tulit.
Et bincetiam,ut obiter hocaddam pendet praxis 5 & 6. p.y.
,

Regiom.nempe ut datis angulis cum fumma aut differentia ba-

£um,bafes ipfae inveniantur: fi portulaca planorum in confi-
lium adhibueris. Et
10. SiperpendicularisJecat bafinfinueangulorum ver-
ticalium finibus complementorum angulorum in bafi di>
reftefuntproportionales.
ao.p.^.Regiom.
Efto enim triangulum
aei.jam perpendicularis
ex a. fecet bafin e i in o.
Dico finum anguli e a o
efle ad linum anguli p a i,

complementi
ut eft iinus
anguli ead finumcomple
c
menti anguli i. Eft enim
jW C E 0 M E T R T AE 1
% '

per5e.urfInusangulieao.1J fmum complementi angulie,lic

radius a J linum complementi a o.
'
At urradius ad Imum complementi ao,(icfinus anguli o ai
ad linum complementi anguli i.
Ergo, per aequaram rationem , ut (inus anguli e a o ad linum
complementi anguli c,(ichnu« anguli o ai ad fmum comple*
«nenti anguli i.

Hincpiree ^
it. Difiretio unius anguhjn trUngulo datorum ant^u*
lorum y m verticalesperpcndiCMbremcdsfto angulo tnba-
finfiaclos. fjp.j.Reg/om.
Daturenim hicfumma duorum arcuum, nempe duorum ve*
ticalium angulorum itemtjue ratio linuum ipforum velfinuum
compleiilenrorti anguloru in bafi rado.undcpcr 8 e 10. utrumqj
angulorum verticalium fecerncr.
Eftoenim trianguli ea angu i

ius e a i gr.m.54.. atangulusaei

gr.8. 50. angulus demum
aiegr.
4 i.iS'.jam cadat perpendiculaiis
a o.rario finus anguli eao ad li-
num anguli e a i eft ratio finu»
compl. anguli eadlinum comp.
anguli i. Quare ex canone fi.
liuu dabitur utp8,8i4.ad 48,022.
referis lcilicetpoftcrionb.dua-
bus notis.
Datur autem e a fumma duo- i

rum gr.111.54 '.Ergo per 8 e 10. angulus eao ertr gr.83 & j'.& pro-
inde o ai His jam fequens reftangulorum calculus la-
gr.28.51.
cera dati trianguli invenier. Et
12. Si arcus maximi circuli ab angulo bifecet angulum:
in finus anguli crurum finibus conterminorum bafis
fi-
gmentorum dire&efiuntproportionales, 7p.j.Reg.
una
 R 0 TV yD /, ;v A i B. X II IT, } 6$

utin praemifia figurafiao bjfccetangulumeinEruntpertS e.

termini proportionales ^
Sin. a e. fin. « o. fin.ang. o. fin.ang. a.

Sin.ang. o. fin.ang. a. fin. a i. fin. o i*

Ergo ex aequa ratione funt proportionales

Sin. a e. fin. e o. fin. a i. fin. o i*

Hinc licet angulum verticis bifecaje,

Atqjfic confe$arium unum PtolemaUi theorematis valde fce
eundum habuimusifcquituraltcrum. n

//. Secundumfc elhSi ntdkimusfphara circulus maxi •

tuumfecet , & afecante duo arcus relicjuo fini perpendicu-
lares :jinusfegmen torumfetii afetitoni* puntio tn perpen-
diculares tangentibusperpendicularium diutieJuni pro-
portionales.

Sit enim cir-

culus fecansua
fechis o a. per-
pendiculares u
o. i e. cocurranc
ergo'u o,& e i
in y, ubi polus
erit circuli o fL

p
18 e u. &
pro-
inde oy,e yltic
quadrantes ira
ximorumcircu
lorum.
/am per i e ra
riofinus oaad
finu arena a e,
o u adfinum u y,hoccftper i4e5cra-
fit £ ratione finu» arcua

cione tangentis o u adradium: per rationem finns arcus v i ad

Aa Imum
 a

I70 GEOMETRI AE
tinum arcus i e,hoccft,per 24 e 5, per rationem radii ad uiw
gentem i e.
Ac hae facientes rationes multiplicatae inter fe, funerario ran.
gentis u oad tangentem e. Quare ut tangens uo ad tangentem
i

ieficfinusaoadlinum a e.
Tang. o u Rad. -• „ *• e r
Sln - 0 °- * «•
Rad Tang. i e.
Atq; illud eft quod Eralmus Rheinholdus in tabulis fuis dire
Aiontim p.8 ufum canonis fcecundi etiam confpici in trahario,
ne fphaericorumlriangulorum ait: quoties nimirum accidatur
duo concurrant linus, quorum arcus fimul uni quadranti aequa-
les fini.
Iraq; in triangulo re&angulo.
14. Radius eft ad finum cruris, ut tangens anguli ad
tangentem crurisfubtenfi.
. Hic proportionales iunr termini
Rad. fin. tang. a. tang. 1 e.
Rad. fin. tang. i. tang. a e.

Efto enim triangulum

i ea. quo ante ufi lumus

manente fuperiori fa-

brica:erit a o quadrans
maximi circuli, jam per
13 e. finus
arcus o a, hoc
cftradius eft ad finum
a e cruris refti unius,
ut tanges arcus u o,hoc
efl ex fabrica, anguli

ad tangentem i e cruris
refti angulo di&o fub-
tenfi.
Quamobrem dantur
hic praeter radium crus

#
 n 0 Tr ND T, L T 6. XTITL ffji

re&i & angulus adjacens: quaeritur crus rcfti angulo dato op- 1

politum. ?

Sic exempli gratia datum crus e a gr. 27.54'.2o".& angulus a

gr.23.28'. Quaeritur crus e. Eli ergo ut radius ad linum ea,lic tan
i

gens anguli a ad tangentem cruris i e.

Eccum ex canone detur Cous ea 4,680,15?. & tangens anguli
«.4,341,2051 : hinc dabitur caugens e.2, 031,753. 1

Sin. e a. can. a. can. i e.

so, 000, 000. 4,680,155. 4,341,209. 2,031,753.
Tangenti inventae in canone relpondet arcus gr. u.ip.f. pro
arcu e. Quadrante enim crus minus efl per 13 e 13.
i

Et
7/. Radius efl ad Jinum complementi anguli , at tan-
gens bajis ad tangentem cruris dicio angulo ad,acentts.
Sic in triangulo noftro proportionales termini fune
Rad. Iin.com. an. a. tan. ia. tan. a e. e
Rad. fin.com. an. i. tan. ia. tan. i e.
Manente enimfabrica trianguli paruit oy. ua, o a efle qua-
drantes maximorum circulorum:& u o efle anguli a menfuram
proindecj; u y menfuram ejus complementi, per 13. e. ergo ut fi-
nus o y,hoc eft radius ad (inum y u complementi anguli a.fic tan
gens e o ad i u tangentem.
At ut tangens arcus o e ad tangentem iu,lic tangens iabafis
ad tangentem a e cruris adjacentis angulo a. per 2605. Sunt
enim ex fabrica a,a e complementa arcuum u,o e.
i i

Ergo ex aequatione rationum ut radius ad finum compl.angu

li a.fic tangens bafis ia ad tangentem e a cruris adjacentis.

Eodem modo de angulo i. i a e probabir. & i

Danturergo hic praeterradium angulus bafis. & Quseritdr

crus angulo adjacens.
Exempli gratia fit data bafis iagr.30.& angulus a.& cupias
inveftigareea.
Sinus compl.anguli a.eft p, 172,5120. tangens aut i a 5,773,501.
Aa a Hinc
 :

m * $ E 0'M E T R
Hinc ergx>-in venitur tangens ea
t AE’< •
*

5,295,987. r*
Sin.com. a. Un. i a. tan. e a,
'
J iCA

10,000,000. 9,172,920. 5,773,502.’ •'

53195,987;
Ergo cx canone rangentiircrus ipfum inveni rurgr 27.54'.
minus 1'cilicetquadrance.Quu enim bafis datur minor quadran
« per 14 e tycrura erunt fimiliterimvqualia qtndVanri . ariinum
i minus quadrante.
e eft Nam ex rhefi iriguhie bppbfirus a eft c
acutu*. Ergo per 13 c 13- i e minus qu*drimce.& proinde e a
mi-
nus quadrante* Et
16. Radim eil adftnum complodenti anguli, ut
tan-
gens complementi crurisadt acentis dd tahgentem com~
plemcntt bajis.
Hic ergo termini funt proportionale*
Rad. fin. corripi. un. a. tang.com'. e a. tang.com. ia.
Kad. fm.compJ.au. i. tang.com; i e* tang.com. i a»
Manente enim
diagrammate &fa
brica noftri trian-
guli o y, u a,
funt quadrantes er innj
ou menfura angu- t fixi
li a.Ergo u y erit
complementi! an- in ik
guli a.& o e com-
plementum cruris
ea.iremq; ui com
plementu ba fis a. i

Sed cum ex fabri*

ca u,e o fint in y o
i

perpendiculares p
»3e. eftutfinus oy
hoc eft radius ad
finum y u lic tan-
gens
 k o rv K d r, l rx» X/irr.
gens o e ad tangentem u.Sic de angulo & e res conflabit.
i i i

Data ergo hujus elementi funtangulus 8c crus adjacens:quf-

ritur bafis.
Exempli gratia detuf e a gr.27.54.'.2o".& angulus a.gr.23.28'.
quaeritur bafis i a.

Ex canone ergo finuum dabitur finus comp.ang.a. 9,172,920.

& ex canone tangentium tangens compl.e a.*8,882,289«
Ergo hinc dabinlr tangens comphtabalis 17,320,57*.
*
Sin.compl. a. tang.comp. ea. tang.com. ia.
•
:

10,000,000. 9,172,920. 18,882,289. 17,320,57*.

Ergo ex canone tangentium datur complementum bafis gr.
<fo.& proin bafis ipfa i agr.30.Nam cum e a fit minorquadrante
erit ang.i.acutus & proinde per »5 e 13 bafis minor quadrante.
Ec
/7. Radius eftadfinum complementi bafis, ut tangens
anguli ad tangentem complementi reliqui anguli.
Hic ergo in noftro triangulo rermirri proportionales funtifti.
Rad. fin.conipl. i a. tang. a. tang.compl. i.
Rad. fin.compl. i a. tang. i. tang.compl. a*

Repetita. n.fabri-
ca trianguli quae
5 e fuit. patuit il-
lic i s, a u u r, s
t eiTe quadrantes,
& u i efle com-
plementum bafis.
s r menfuram an-
guli i.&uy com-
dementum angu
fia.& rs,yu insi
eflfe perpendicu-
lares. taq;
> per 13 e.
finus si, hoc cft ra

•
4-
 fT* GEVMETRTAE
dius ad finum u ut tangens r s ad tangentem arcus u.
eft i
y
/ Data ergo elementi hu/us pratterradium funt bafis , & angu-
lus in ba(i unus. Quaericur reliquus angulus.
Exempli gratia detur balis i a gr.jo.detur angulus a gr.13.2lF.
Quaeritur angulus i.
Ex canone itaq; (Inuum datur (Inus compl.bafis 8,660,254.
Et ex canone tangentium datur tangens anguli a. 4,34.1,209.
Hinc ergo dabi rur tangens complementi anguli i. 3, 7$P>5J>7-
Sin.comp. i a. tang. a. tang.comp. i.
10,000,000. 8,660,254.. 4., 341,109. $,759,597*
Ergo ex canone tangentium datur complementum anguli i
gr.io.36'.i5". & proinde angulus ipfe grad. 69.13^.4^ minor fci-
iicet quadrante. Quia enim bafis ex thefi minor ellquadiante:
anguli inbafi fimihter inaequales erunt quadranti pcri^ci^.at
cx thefi unus daturacutut. Ergo &
reliquus acutus erit.
Et
1 /. Radius esi adfinum cruris, ut tangens complementi

reliejui cruris ad tangentem complementi anguli oppofitt .

Hic ergo termini proportionales trianguli noftri funt.

Rad. fin. i e. tang.compl. e a. tang.compl. i.
Rad. fin. e a. tang.compl. i e. tang.compl. a.
Mapente enim fabri-
1
ca noftri trianguli per
praemifia eft ut finus
0 a, hoc eft radius ad
finum a e cruris, fictan -

gens uo ad tangerem
hoc eft per 26 e5.de
1 e,

tangens y coplemen-
i

ticruris e ad tangen-
i

tem yu complementi
anguli a. oppofiti cru-
ri i e.
Eodem
 -

ROTANDA LIS. XI III. 'tff

Eodem modo Ae angulo conflabit cx i e e a. i &
Data itaq; hujus theorematis funt praeter primum aureae re.
gulae terminum crura duo.& quaeritur angulus alteri crurum
oppofirus.
Exempli gratia.Detur e i e a gr.27.54'.2o".
Quaeratur angulus a.
Ex canone itaqj finuum datur finus e 4.4 ,680,155.
Et ex canone tangentium depromitur tangens complemen.
ri i e. 49,218,74.8.
Hinc ex praemilTo elemento dabitur tangens complementi
anguli a. 23,035,137.
Sin. e a. tan.com. i e. tan.com a*
10,000,000. 4/80,155. 49,218,748. 23,035,137.
Ergo complementum anguli ex canone tangentium datur
t.66.}z'.8cproinde angulus ipfe a gr.23.28'. minor fcilicec qua.
§ ranteper 14 e 13. crura enim
redii minora ligillatim quadran-
te dantur.
Eodem modo datis hifce cruribus invenies angulum i.
Nam utradius ad linum i e Gc tangeris compl.c a ad tangen-
tem compl. anguli e i a.
Atqj fice Ptolemaei theoremate fecundum confeAarium fuit;
Sequitur tertium.

19. Tertium Jtc eff : Si maximusJpharfcircutus maxi~

mum fecetyatfya fecante duo fint arcus reliquo perpendi-
. „
cularcs,quorum alter ex interfeilis quadrantes fecet : erit
ut radius ad tangentem minoris perpendicularis ,Jic tan
•
gens complementi ma]orisadfinumfegmenti circuli[etti 4
puniloJcilionis in minorem perpendicularem.

enim maximus fphaerae circulus fecans u a, fe&us vero

Sit
o a: atque a lecante fint perpendiculares arcus i e, u o; quo-
rum alteru 0 fecet ex interfc Ais quadrantes u a, o a. jamcon-
l currant
 I* GEOMETRIAE !V

)U v U4 njfru

a o &y o.y e qua-

<ur rant perpendiculares erit in y polus circuli
drante* ucinprioribus fabricis etiam innotuit,
jam ficabfoluta
fabrica per * e.ratio Imus y 1 ad finum
arcus e,hoc eft per
i e f.

racio radii ad tangentem c fit

i e ratione finus arcus y u ad finum
tangentis yu adra-
arcus uo,hoceft perdiftum 14 erratione
dium per rationem finus arcus o a, hoceftexthefijradii ad fi-
num arcus a e. Atqui hate multiplicata eft ratio tangentis y u
ad finum a e. uthievides.
Facientes. Fafta.

Sin. yu. tan. yu. Rad. Sin. y i. ad fin. i e.

hoceft id eft

Sin. u o. Rad. fin. a e. Rad. adrang. j e.

Ergo

I
 R O T V N
D T, L I B. XII IT. f 7J
Ergo radius ed ad tangentem e minoris perpendicularis uc
i

tangens y u complementi majoris ad (inum a e arcus nimirum

fefli circuli ab a puflofeflionis in minorem perpendicularem.
Itaq; in triangulo redangulo.
20, Radius esi ad tangentem cruris, ut tangens comple-
menti anguli oppoftti ad (inum reliqui cruris.
Ergoinnodro triangulo termini proportionales fune
Rad. cang. i e. tang.comp. a. (in. c a.
Rad. tang. e a. tang.comp. i. (in. i e.
Manente enimrurfus fabrica fuperioris trianguli erunt y o.
j c quadrantes & u y complementum anguli a. & a u, a o funt
quadrantes. Cum ergo perpendiculares linr ie,uo&uo fecec
quadrantes ua,oaeritperpraemittum elementum, Radius ad
tangentem i e ut tangens y complementi majoris perpendicu
laris, hoc ed ex fabrica compl.anguli a.ad finu a e cruris reliqui.
&
Eodem modo de e a, angulo i res condat.
Data itaq; huj us propoli tionis funt praeter radium crus an- &
gulus oppolitus;quaeri tUr crus reliquum.
,
Exempli caufa (it datum crus i e gr. u.2p .^'.tcemq; angulus a
:

gr.2j.28'. Qnaeriru rettas reliquum e a.

Ex rangentiu itaq; canone datur tangens cruris i e 2,0$ 1,747.
& tangens compLanguli a. 23,0 35,062.
Ergo ex praemi/To elemento invenietur (inus cruris e a.
4,680,137.
. Tan. 1 e. ran.com. a. . (in. ea.
10,000,000. »,031,74.7. 23,035,06». 4,680,137.
ex canone Guuum datur e a gr.27.54'.io". Sed hic dari
Itaq;
neceue ed(it'ne crus inveniendum quadrante majus aut minus.
Nam fieri poted ut crure minore quadranre crus alterum majus
Ct:8crurfus quadrante minus (it:pro magnitudine balis.
Elemento hoc Regiomont. ut alibi (ic & 4p. tabul.direfl.
Et Erafmus Rheinholdus in fuis tabulis direfl. n. 23. 24.pra;ce-
pto utitur in inquirenda fixarum afcenfione refla & dififeicntia
afcenfionali.
Bb Ec
 Et ->

21. Radi tu etf ad tangentem complementi anguli , ut

tangens complementi rcliqut adftnum complementi bajir.

Hic termini proportionales funt in triangulo.

^Ilad. ran.com. a. tan.com. i. fin.com. i a.
iW*pctita fabri-
cari angui fupe-
i

riori s e fiat qua-

drares orante di-
tium. Et quia r i,
filefecant&per-
pediculares funt ;

y u 6c r s fecans
’

quadrantes r i, s i.

erit ur radiusad
tangente yu com
plementi u o,hoc
cit anguli a, Sic
tangens rt com-
plementi s r.hoc
eft anguli i ad fa-

num u complementi bafTs.

i
•

Dara ergo hic duo anguli. Quaeritur bafis.

Exempli loco detur angulus a gr.23.28'.& ang. i. gr.tfpitf.+f.
r|
Quaeritur ia.
Ex canone ergo rangenrium datur tangens compIem£ric^an.
guli a. 23,035,062.
Et tangens complementi anguTi f. 3,759,583.
Ergo ex canone ho/irs elemenri finus complement? f 3 inve-
:
«ietur 8,660,123.
Tan.com. a. ran.com. f. fin.com. i a.
- 10,000,000. 13,035,062. 3,759,58 3. 8,660,2:3/ .

Et proinde cxcanoncfinuum invenitur complementurn ba-

fla
 r

R O 'T V K T> T, L I B. XITII.

fis grad.rfo.8c ira balis gr.30. minor quadrante per 17 e 13.
Hinc jam lequetur quartum generale confeftarium.
Et
22. Radius eft ad tangentem complementi bafis,ut tan
gens cruris adfinum complementi anguli adjacentis.
Termini proportionales in triangulo funt
Rad. tan.comp. i a. tan. i e. Hn.com. i.

Rad. tan.comp. i a. tan. e a. fin.com. a.

Repetita enim trianguli propofiti fabrica eritper »5» e.
ut radius ad tan.
getem u 1

menti balis lac tan-

gens a e cruris ad
linum uy comple,
menti anguli a.ad-
jacentis cruri e a.
Sunt enim a le-
tante e y. perpen-
diculares i u,eo.&
eo fecarab interfe
ftis quadrantes. &
e a e It complcmcn
cum o e. ut ex fa-
brica haftenus fse.
pe allata paret.
Eode modo res
patet de i e & i..

Dara ergo hic funt cum radio balis crus. Quaeritur angu- &
lus cruri dato adjacens.
Exemplu rurfus fitjllud.deturia balis gr.jo.8c i e gr.11.15>'. 5".
Quaeritur hincangulus i.
Ex canone iraq; tangentium datur tangens i e 1,031,747.
Itemus tangens complementi balis 17,3:0,708.
Bb i Arqj
jfo GEOMETRI AE
Atq; hinc per expofitum elementum finus complementi «n>
tuli i invenietur 3,5»p,o7p.
Tan.com. i a. tan. i e. fin.com. i.

10,000,000. 17,310,508. 2,031,7+5. 3,5'J>,o7p.

Ergo ex canone finuum dabitur complementum anguli i. g».
Y
2o.36 .i5".8c proinde ipfe angulus i.gr.dj>.23'.+5". Et eft quadran-
te minor. Quia enim bafis eft minor quadrante: per + e 13 crus 1

urrumqj (imi liter inaequale eft quadranti. ;am vero ex thefi crus
unumi e eftminus quadrante. Ergo Screlrquum.&proinde per
13 e 13 angulus ab e a fubtenlus acutus eft, quia crus eft minus
quadrante.
2 }. Quartum ita eft : Si circulus maximus maximum
fecet^&a fecantc duo arcus perpendiculares reliquo fint:
finusfigmentorumfecantis a punclo fe61tonis in perpendi-
culares fecantibus complementorum arcuumperpendicu-
larium fiunt reciproce proportionales.

Maximus enim
«irculus u a fecer
maximu 02. atque
\ fecantc demifsi
fint arcus perpen-
diculares in feftu
u oj qui conri-
e.
cocurrant in
ntrati

y polo circuli o a
pen8 e 12. &proin
de fient quadran-
tes o y,e y.
jamperie.Ratio
finus arcus u a ad
finumarcusa i fit e
ratione finus arcur
»0 ad fimum arcus
;
ny,hoc
 R O T V N V I, L I B. XTTI7. t*/
hoc eft per 28 e 5 e ratione radii ad fecantem u y. per ratio-
y.
nem Onus arcus y e ad Onum arcus e i, hoc eft, ex di&o elemen-
to,pcr rationem fecantisy i ad radium.
Ac hae multiplicatae funerario fecantis y i ad fecantem u y.
Rad. Sec. y i. fin. u a. Gn. a i.
Scc. u y. Rad.
Ergo ut fecans y i ad fecantem y u, fic linus u a ad imum a 1.
Po!l*et quoque elementum hoc ex 2 e deduci.
Nam ut Onus
Q a ad finum a Gc Onus u o ad Onum e.
i i

At ut Onus u o ad finu i e fic fecans y ad fecantem y u.p 29 e i 5.

Ergo ut Onus u a ad Onumad fecantem uy.

a i Oc fecans y i

hoc eft Onus fegmentorum circuli fecanris funt reciproce pro-

portionales complementorum c,u o fccantibus. i

Itaq; in triangulo reftangulo.

24. Radius eft ad finum complementi cruris, ut fecans
bafis adfecantem reliqui cruris.
Ergo termini proportionales hic (unt
Rad. On.com. i e. fec. i a. fec. e a.
fec.. i e.
Rad. Gn.com. e a. fec. i a.

Repetita enim fabrica trianguli efty e quadrans, i u & e o per-

pendiculares ad o y. Quare per praemiflum elementum:
Sinus e y,hoc eft radius ell ad finum y complementi cruris e: i
i

ut fecans a bafis ad lecantem e a reliqui cruris. Sunt enim ex

fa
i

bricaua,o a quadrantes. Ergo perpendicularium iu,eo com-

plementa funt i a, e a.
Eodem modo res conflabit de crure e a &baO i e.

Dantur ergo hic bafis cum crure uno:Qpaeritur crus alterum.

Exempli jjpn loco Oc in triangulo bafis i a grad.30. & crus i c
r
gr.n.29'.5". .
Ex canone ergo fecantiu dabitur fecans i a quide »»,547,004-
at Onus com.i e 9,799,778.
Hinc per didum elementum fecans cruris e 8.11,515,807.
Sin.com. i e. fec. i a. fec. e' a.

»0,000,000. «>5+7>°°4- ‘5»8°7-

9 , 799 i 77 %*
Bb 3 Ergo»
 Ergo ex canone fecantium arcus refpondens inventae fecan-
d nempe gr.t 7 5 2 o'.cft pro crure e a.
, .f',

Quod minus eft quadrante: quia cu balis eo minor fit &crus

ie ctiam.per e 13 crus reliquum ea eo minus erit.

Er
as- Ridiiu eft adfmum anguli, utfecans unguli reliqui
u adfcantem cruris oppofiti.
Hicrermini proportionales funt: i n
Rad. fin.ang. a. fecansan. i
i. fecans v a.
Rad. fin.anj. i. fecansan. a. fecans i
Repetito enim
triangulo &
fabri,
ca 8 e circulus ma
ximus t o maxi-
mum re fecat, &: i
fecante arcus per- *

pendiculares reli-
quo funtr r&o e.
Nam quia ex fa-
brica polus circu-
listeftini,&pro-
inde i r fecat circu
Jumsc pcrpolum
& redte fecat per
1 6e ia. Et anguli
ad e ex theli redii

funr. Ergo ex.fonre horum canfe/ffarioruni; ut Gnits o

y hoc ,

eft radius(Eft enim o y quadrans)ad linum

y t,Sic fecans s r com
plementilcilicet minoris perpendicularis r t. Nam ex fabrica
(
&17 e i2 s r eft quadrans) ad fecancem e a.complemeniima;o-
cis perpendicularis.
At y t aequatur ipfi u o.cum enim o y,& u t fint quadraiues ma
ximi circuli & proinde $qualcs,ablaco communi arcu uy.relin-
quentuc
 «

h O Tr ND Ty x T B. J X IUI. •
fH
jucnrur aequales arcus. Et u o eft mcnlura anguli a. Et r eft men fc

Jura anguli i.atq; e a crus angulo i oppofitum. o V; / .

Quare ut radius ad finum ajiguli a fic fecans anguli ad fecan- i

tem ea cruris oppofiti. Simili modo res de reliquo crure i

patebit. „ i

Dantur ergo in hoc elemento praeter radium duo ajiguli:

quaeritur crus reftUlteri datorum oppofitum. •-
Exempli loco fit iterum angulus a.grad.2j.28'.angulus vero i

gr. 69. 23'. 4 5. .Qucerirur jam crus verbi gratia i. e.

Eoe canone ergo finuum datur linus anguli i. 9, 360,337.

E t ex canone fecantium innotefei t lecas anguli a. 10,901,656.
Hinc elementu jam diftum inveniet lecantem i e. 10,204.317.
Sin. i. fec. a. fec. i e.
10,600,000. 9,360,337. 10, 901,656.*» •* «o» 2 04,317.

Cui ex canone fecantium refpondet arcus gfad. ri.2p'.5".qua*

drante minor per 15 c /3 pro crure e. - i
7
S' Et
26. 'Radius eft ad finum anguli utfecans complemen-
ti cruris oppofiti adfiecantem complemcntibafis. ,

Tcrmjni proportionales hujus elementi fic funt:^ /

Rad. fin.an. a. fec.com. i e. lec.com. i a.

Rad. fin.an. i. fec.com. e a. fec.com. i 2.
Maaente enim praemifsi elementi diagrammate. Quia ma-
ximus circulus u t maximum*» t-fiedat, atque a fecante funt
perpendiculares ex fabrica su,yr. Erkutfinus u r,hof eftra*
dius ad finum y.t, hoc eft u o, id eft anguli a, utfecans y i, hoc
*
eft complemenrf.cruris i e. ad.fecantem i u, hoc eft comple*

Eodem quoque modo res fe habet in angulo i, & crure op.

politae a.
Data ergo hujus elementi funr praeter primum terminum au
reae reguliy angulus cum crure oppoficO :
quaeritur bafis. quae fic
necne quadrante major fcuUucdaHopo.net ut lupramonui.
"
Exempli*
p4 '
-CEO METRI AE
Exemplo fuperiori retento fit i e gr.ii.iji^.Sc angulusa.gr*

Quaeritur bafis ea^j quadrante minor.

Ex cano ne iuqj didi elementi 1'ecans compl. bafis i a inucnu
xur 10,000,115.
Sin. a. fec.com. i e. fec.com. i a.

(o,ooo,ooo. 50,114,350. 10,000,115.

Cui in canone relponder peripheria gr.6o. Ergo i a erit gr.30.
Er
»7. Radius eH adfwum bafis^ utfecans complementi
cruris adfecantem complementi anguli oppofiti,

Termini analogias hujus elementi ficfunc:

Rad. fin. i a. fec.com. i e. fec.com. a.

Rad. fin. i a. fec.com. e a. fec.com. L

Maneat enim ;>

prarmifla triagu
li fabrica. Quia
hic maximus cir
culus u a fecac
maximum o a,
atque a fecante
funt arcus per-
pediculares i e,
uoquoru cople
menta funt y i,
yu. Erit ut finus
arcus ua,hoceft
radius ad (inum
a i bafis : fic fe-
cans i y comple
menti cruris 1 e ad fecante y u complementi u o,hoc eft anguli a.
Simili modo res patet de e a &
angulo i.
Dantur ergo in hoc elemento praeter radium crus unum Seba
fis: quaeritur angulus cruri oppofitus. -

StC
 :

r o rr nd rt l t b* xttji. &
Sic G dcrur i c gr. »1.29'.^". & bafis i a.30.
Dabitur ex canone finuum finus bafis ^,000,000.
Et ex canone fccantium fecans compl.i e. 50,214,350.
Hinc regula hujus elementi invenit fccantemcompLangu-
lia.2 5,112, 175.
Sin. i a. fcc.com. 1 e. fec.com. a.

10,000,000« 5,000,000. 50,224,350. 25,112,175.

Quare angulus ipfe ex canone dabitur grad. 23.28'. quadrante

minorpertjeij.
Et
Radius ett adfinum complementi crurist utfecans
anguli oppofiti adfecantem complementi reliqui anguli.
Termini proportionis hujus theorematis funt iiti
Rad. fin.com. i e. fec.ang. ju fec.com. i.
Rad. fin.com. e a. fec.ang. i. fcc.com. a.
Repetito enim fuperiorifcheiuate, quia ex fabrica maximos
circulus i r maxi-
mum i siccat, arq;

a locante funt per-

pendiculares r s,
yu arcus, quorum
completneta funt
rt,yt. Eritutfinu*
x i, hoc eft radius

ad finum iycom-
plemeti cruris i e,
ficfecans y t, hoc
cfluo(func enim
teliqui aqualis uy
de ;qualious qua-
drantibus) hoceft
anguli a aafecan-
tem rtcomplementisr hoceftanguli t.

Eodem modo veritas probatur in ca&angulo i.

C«
 c E O M E T R r AB
Dara ergo hujus elementi funt crus & angulus
oppoficut r
quaeritur angulus obliquorum alter. Si con Ili terit acutus ne *n
obrufus ex Itat, d enim calculus non judicabit ex
i
j
fuperioribus:
nili conllet de quantitate bafis aut cruris oppofiti. J
, Narri irure
lino & proinde angulo ei oppofiio acuto hcnpotcflutalccracu
tus &
etiam obtutus fir.per 13 14 e 13. &
Elio exempli gratia crus e i gr.ii.aj»'.^'. &
angulus oppofitua
a.gr.t;.z8 . Quaeritur angulus acutus. i

Ex canone linuum datur linus compl. i e.j>,

799,778.
& ex canone lecantium fecans anguli a.
10,901,65(1.
Ergo elementum praeiens inveniet lecantem
complementi
r
anguli i. 10, 683,382.
Sin.com. i e. fcc. a. Cec.com. i;
10,000,000. 9,799,778. 10,901,6*6. 10,683,382.
Cui in canone fecantiurerpondetgr.2o.36'.if.pro
coplcmen-
Co. Ergo angulus eritgr.69.23'.45".Nam extheli
acutus datur.
Aeque hoc modo conlettaria e Pcoiemaico elemcnro
habui-
mus:totumquc inde calculum trianguli reftanguli.eriam
quen-
dam obiiquanguli.Superefl tantum ut in eo diligenter lcMathe*
matum candidatus exerceat.
Elementa funt pro inventione alicujus tertii termini
darie
duobus quibuslibetudtj; per numerationem conjungam.
Via
ramen multiplicationis expeditior clt, Scad eam
accommoda-
ta funt elementa.
Etfi autem ita plane elle ac
perfpicue expolitu hunc calculum
arbitror: ut ulteriori additionenon opus fit”:
Q^io ramen prom-
p tior Iit 3c expedi tiorinventio:datorum expolitionem
inventionem quaeliti proponens elementum fequens
ex iit &
diarypo-
/r
jis m on lirabit.
*

Inveniri au tem debent aut bafis aut crus

aut angulus. Amm. .

lns & cius adfaces aut oppolitu hic intelligaturratione qu*liti.

Inventio cruris rvfti anguli e datis.
1. Bafi& angulo oppolito. c.
j
& Baii8c angulo adjacente. e. 15
' '
3; •
 K O TV ND It LIS. XIIIL 3J7
3. Bafi& crure reJiquo. 24. e.
4. Crure & angulo oppofito. 14 e*
5. Crure &
angulo adjacente. 20 e.
t. Duobus angulis in bafi. 25 e.
'
Inventio bafisrefti e datis. ' •*

1. Redii cruribus. 4 e.
2. &
Angulo huic crure adjacente. 16 e. •*
.

3. &
Angulo huic crure oppofito. 2 6 e.
'
4. Duobus angulis. 2» e. +
Inventio anguli in bafi ex datis.
f* Crure oppofito &angulo. j e.
2. Crure adjacente & angulo 18 e.
*• Bafi &
reliquo angulo. •7 e.
+• Bafi &crure adjacente. 22 e.
* Bafi & crure oppofito. 27 e.
6. Cruribus. 18 e.
Hinc etiam dedudtus eft quidam obliquangulorum calculat
«d 8 e.fed reliquus obliquangulorum etiam inde dependet.
Itaq; hinc licet.
tf. Reliquum obiiquanguli calculum ita in reffangu-
U duo perpendiculari arcu divifi,nei tribus datis termi-
nis duorum turbetur noticia,abJolvcre.
Hoc jure nobis optimo e fle portularum poreft:nec quicquam
habet oblcuritatis aut difficultatis cognita calculi doftrina ea
quam modo expofuimus. Requirimus tria data:& totidem re-
quirenda ipfe calculus admonet: Triangulum oblatum inre-
Aangula e It deducendum idq; fit perpendiculari arcu ex angulo
aliquo dimiflorica tamen dimitto ne duorum datorum offen da-
tur noticia. Secus enim nec calculus redtanguli trianguli adhi-
beri poteft. Hincergo
/. Datis duobus angulis una cum latere utria, adjacen-
te reliqua inveniemus. puta Utera reliqua & angulum,
fr.p.+.Regiom.
i U Cc i Erto
 - .w,-
I

}Sf GEOMETRI JE
Elio en‘m «i-
angulfi a e i. cu-
jus anguli duo
fitudm nempe
aSie.cumadja- c
ceiue latere ea.
Sitqj verbi gra-
tia a e gr.38.20'.
angulus a.gr.m.54.'.& angulus e gr.8.50'. Ducaturjamabaper-
pendicularis arcus :qui live inrra cadat, fi ve extra calculus perin-
de procedit : &
calculus hoc docet.
Fiunc ergo hic duo rettangula e a 0,0 a i.quoru calculus qux-
firain obliquangulo patefacient.
In criangulo ergo re&angulo e a o datur angulus e. daturre&i
bafis e a. Ergo per 3 c.dabitur perpendicularis a o gr.5.18' fere.
Sin. e a. fin.ang. e. lin. a o. ,

10,000,000. 6,202,356. 1,535,608. 952,435».

Et Tegmentum bafis e o.gr.38.o',4".per 1 5 e.
Sin.com.an. *. tan. e a. tan. e o.
. <0,000,000. 9,881,392. 7,905,973. 7,813,190.
Etpcr 5 evel aliud aliquod, cum plura hic fint data, angulus
«ao.gr. 83 , 3 *;
Sin.com. e o. fin.ang. e. ftn.com. a.
>0,000,000. 7,879,9^. 1,535,608. 1,210,031.
Quod fi jam angulus o inventus major fit angulo dato
e a
tai:perpendicularis cecidit extra rriangulum:auod h minor fit
tecidit intra. Atque ut illic fubduAio dati ea ab invento relin- i

quit angui umoaiieftanguji trianguli reliqui :fic hic cotra lub-

du&io inventi a daco reliquum facicangulum a o. * i

Er cura in praefenti exemplo invenrus minor fit eo fubdu&o

de angulo e a gr.m.54'.(ciinquiturangulus a o gr.28.5 f.
i i

jam in triangulo i a o reftangulo cum detur a o perpendi-

cularis nempe, icemque angulus i a 0 per 14. e invenietur crua
iograd.31.
3 i«;

/
 .

n o Tr ND I, L 1 B.' XIII I. 1*9.

tan.an. a. cang. i o.
'Sin. a o.
»oo,ooo. 95*>439- fc5
o8 >9‘*\ 5 *4>*9°;
.
invenitur gr.6.14
Ei hinc ex duobus cruribus per 4 c bafis
fin.com. a o. fin.com. 1 a.
Sin.com. i o.
»,000,000. 998,650. 995,45*- 99+, oS *‘
Vel per 16 e.eodem modo invenietur.
Sin.com. a. tan.com. a o. can.com. i a.

_>o4,49 »°55* ,1,522,301.

»0,000,000. 8,748,860. ,

gr.4i.i8 *
iatn per 5 c angulus a i o invenietur
Sin.com. a o. fin.an. a. fin.com. i*
4?*»5 l8 * 480,5x4.
' ,
1,000,000. 995,45** . •

qu*ftiom:habemua latus 1 a ex hoc

f
am itaq; ut refpondeacur
calculo gr.6.14.&angulum ai e invenimus gr.61.18'.
Quantum autem erit latus ei? Habemus fnventafegmenta
triangulum cecidit tum fum-
e 0,0 i.iam fi perpendicularis intra
perpendicu-
ma e 0,0 i.fui extra difFerentia eft latus ei. Hic quia eft pro la*
fumma gr.3S.5c: grad.j.hoc eft gr.41.
laris intra cecidit
terequaefito. ^c * _ .
. ,

2 . Datis angulis inveniuntur Utera. 33.p*4**^ c 8lorn “'

ut fi trianguli modo dato noti a

fint anguli. Defcendatab a per-
pendicularis a o.jam per 11 e. angu
lus e a o,dabitur htmtfc o ai. Qua-
re in triangulo reftangulo e a o.
dabitur ex fuperiori calculo a e,&
t o. Rurfus in triangulo o a i ea-
dem illa Fuperiora invenient ai&
o i. Atque ita duo latera inventa

funi. tertium e i eft fumma late- . _ . ...

rume 0,0 i.fi perpendicularis intra cecidit. Quae via eft ficih-
cadar.quod fi anguli duo in bafi
afluman
ma ut femper intra fiet

*uriidemlpecieperi7ei5. Et . . .

*
' calculus oblicjuangulorum Juferior non mventf
3
" htncfcrutabimur. -
_
Ce J ut»
#># GEO MET RTAE
utfidetura*&aiitem<^ angu-
lusc. 8 einveniec angulum i. De-

fcendat jam perpendicularis a o.

fenrrettangula in quibus cum de-
tur illic a e &
angulus e. dabitur
angulus eao &
eo. hic.vcro cum
noialinc ai &
angulus i. invenie-
tur angu lui iao&oi.jamucpro-
pofiri trianguliangulum e»a i,& e i
definias: fetascafum perpendiculi
necefTe ex angulis e & i.
eft &
inde fumma particularium quaefi-
torum,fi intra cecidit: differentia, fi extra,pro quxfito eft.
Eodem modifidenturanguli e & i cumlatereea per pe da-
bitur ai. hinc reliqua utjain diflum eA.
Ecfic reliquis cafibus hoc praefen* po Aulacum fufliciet. Et fic
jo.Regiomonranus aS.p.^.dacis cruribus dari anj igulircliqua iu-
velUgar.

Ac vero ur da-
torum
trianguli angi
loa invcftige-
mut triplicem
«b eo metho-
dii accepimui.
Prima hujus eft

poftulati artifi-
ciofa facis &co
pediofa quam
4 p 5 exponit,
ut fi detur trian
gulumyu da- i

toru lacerum.
 R O TV N D T, L I R. Xlltl. ffx
Sitque verbi gratia in ve-
niendus angulus y.
jam farto polo in y de-
fcribatur pcriphcria ma-
ximi circuli o e fecans u i

ada.&yu,yi fecenthuc
maximum, rertc fecabut
per 6 e 12 ac erunt y o,
1

y e quadrantes: proin- &

de u o, c complementa
i

-
laterum yu*y i.
jam quia circulus u a
fecat maximum o a.&ab u a funt perpendiculares oo,i e: erit
per a e fmus u a ad (inum a i, ut finus u o ad linum arcus i e. Qua-
re cum ex rhefi dentur u o, i e compl ementa fcilicet laterum y u,

y dabuntur eorum finus,& proinde ratio u a ad a i.

i Atq;hxcin
utraque figura conveniunt, jam fi fint latera yu,y minora qua- i

drante vel majora figillacim,utin prima figura; datur ex theli

differentiaarcuum u a, a j nempe i u latus id cujus tanquam ba-
fisangulus quaeritur. Sin latus unum verbi gratia y quadrante i

minus fir,reliquum majus:datur ex thefifumma arcuum a,a u. i

Sed jam eorum ratio irmotuir. Ergo per 8 e 10. invenietur u a,&
a i. jam in triangulo a i, e rertangulo data bafi ac crure a & i e:
i i

dabitur angulus e a. squalis trianguli dari angulo i. in prima fi-

1

gura.atin iecunda reliquus de duobus' rertis eltpro quadico. Er

invenietur crus a
Secundo in ttiangulo ano rertangulo nota bafi ua ac crure
u o invenietur angulus ad u. cujus complementum ad duos re-
rtosefiproanguload u trianguli dari in prima figura. Sed in fe-
cunda cftipfe angulus u.& invenitur edam a 0.
jam in prima figura differentia a oja c cft angulus ad y.
at in ecunda fumma dirtorum arcuum angulu ad y lubtendir.
I

Secunda hujus inventionis methodus clt 3+. p. 4. ubi angu-

lum in centro in vclligat aqualem fphaerico. Eam retinuit quoq,
Copcmicu*
 GEOMETRI AE I

Copesnicus ij.thcor.i+.cap.Li. Apud eos haecvialegipoteft.

certe in Ma-
Tertia metho Jureft ad 3 p 5 ex 1 p 5 theoremate
chcmaticis ac Aftronomicis magna; utilitatis.
Ac certe in ma-
adhiberi vi-
ximis &crebenimis in Aftronomia inventionibus
demus non tanrum a Regiomontanoatq; Copemico, & id
qui- ^
junioribus, Nonio Cardano ocaliis.
dem obfcure:f.d etiam a
fecundum calculi funda-
itaq,3c nos hic retinebimus tanquam
mcntum.primum enim politum nobis fuit in Ptolemaico lem-
mate. Atque ut ante Ptolemaeum audi vimusilic modo Regio-
noftro attendamus.
'

montano
jo. In triangulo ffharico potentia radti eft ad planum
crurum, utfinusfecundus anguli ditiorum crurum ad dif-
ferentiamfinuum fecundorum bafts & differet ia crurum.

Efto triangulum a ei fphaericum: ex cujus angulis

a& e tan-

quam polia dcfcribancur maximi circuli quorum peripheriae fe-

ce«

y
*tr
 1l O Tr ND T, L I E. XrriT. ftf
cent fein o.tum 3 circulus a« fccec defcriptos in u &y:& qui-
f,

dem refte per 16 e iz.trunt^uc au, ey quadrantes.&pioinde uy

aequalis cruri e a .& o u,o y fune quadrances.fed &ai & e i fcccnc
circulos u r,y s per polos in mn. Erit u m
menfura anguli a per
4 e 13.Ec fine paralleli t i
p quidem ipfi u o r.at d hiipfi
y o s.
Erit ergo t e differentia crurum 8c e d aequalis bau e i.
Dico jam linum fecundum arcus u m
effe ad differentiam fi-

nuum fecundorum e d &ecarcuum.uteft potentia radii ad pla-

num finuum crurum, nempe finuum a e,hoc eft u y a i. &
Hoc ut plenius demonllretur: defcribatur circulus y e a s.ke

N*.
I

(M
994 'GEOMETRIAE
quo communes fefliones circulorum yas &yo s reflaysr
fint
circulorum vero yar 8cy o r refla u r.rurfus communis feflio cir
culorum i e h 8cd h i fit refla d h. itemq; circulorum y r p &c t i
p
refla cp.jam radius fphteraelecet r
p in q.itemq; radius oe fecec
dh in c.Ecfic in radium m, hoceft u f Nam
linus arcus a c refla a .

arcus a e & u o sequantur. Ergo linus ejus fecundus erit' e m. Ec

kafeos e d linus fecundus elt e c. Ec differenti® crurum e t linus
fecundus elt e n. Quare differentia finuum fecundorum balis &C
differenriae crurum cft n c,hoceltper2.c.6.e.io.R.eftrl.
Rurfus exfuperioribus illud conflar, cum circulus maximus
ya p fecec circulos c p d h per polos, bifecare
i & proinde re-
i
&
fle fecare ideoq; per cencrum lecare quare communes feftione*
ty p, d c h une leflorum diamecri
f proinde q & c fune eoi um &
centra. Hinc &
illud fequicur c i effe finum fecundum arcus t i.
cum enim uterqj circulorum t p & d h perpendicularis lic cir-i i

culo y e ap.uc jam patuitrerit eorum communis feflio, quae per

punflum elt, perpendicularis circulo y e a p per io. e.2i.R.&
i

proinde perpendicularis diamerro circuli t i p per j. e. 21. R.

Quare hanc feflionem communem diameter c q p bifecabite
eritque bifegmencum linus arcus t i: & proinde i t unus ejus fe-
cundus. Quemadmodum haecin fphaera armillari plenius con-
cipi pofTunr.
Abfcindaruretiam peripheriae u m linus fecundus u b,e dia-
metro fcilicec circuli u o r.jam cua u a m maximi circuli fecec &
parallelos per polos fegmencau m&
ti funclimilia per 24 e 12..
:

Ergo per 3 e radius circuli u o r,hocclt u o ad radium cir-

5. ut

culi 1 p,hoc eft ut jam pacuit t q.id eft linum arcus a t vel craris-
1

ai dati trianguli, lic ub (inus fecundus anguli a ad t i linum fe-

cundum arcus ti.
Secundo cum triangula u fo,& tli reflangula,aequenturan-
gulo 1 1 f i & Aper
4.c.i2.e.5.R. Quia enim circuli u o r t
p & i

paralleli,exthefi,fccantur circulo yap: communes fefliones

per iq..e.u.R.erunr parallelae: per la.e.^.R.t I &
u f iunt paral- &
lelae. Quare anguli i t i,f u ofunt anguli crurum alterne paralle-
larum*.
 /
/ jMR . *

R O T V N D T, L 1 B. X 1 1 1 T. Mf
larum. Er proinde per c.$. e. 7.R. triangula di&afunta:quian-
gula ac per 9. c.7. R. ut uo radius ad u f linum cruris ea fic ti
:

ad 1 1 differentiam linuum verforum bafis ac differentiae cru-

rum. Quare termini proportionales fic funt in triangulo pro-
pofito.
Rad. fin. a i. fin.fec.an. a. fin.fec. t i.

Rad. fin. a e. fin.fec. c i. Differentia &c.

, Iraq; per proportionum multiplicationem utplanus radii ad
planum linuum crurum. Sic finus fecundus anguli ad differen-
tiam finuum fecundorum bafis ac differentiae crurum.
Itaq;
In triangulo Jpharico radius ell ad quartum radio
}i.
finibus cruris unius itemq cruris reliqut proportionalem
}
ut finus fecundus anguli crurum ad differentiam finuum
fecundorum bafis ac differentia crurum .

Edo enim triangulum

a e i, erit per praemiffum
elementum ratio finus
fecundi anguli a ad dif-
ferentiam finuum fecun-
dorum bafis e i, & dif-
ferentiae crurum faftaut
hic vides.

An. Rad. Rad.

Sin.fec. a. Diff.fin.&c.
Con. fin. a n fin. a e.
Ergo ut radius ad finum a e fic finus a i ad quartum: Erunc
fi fit

facientes radius ad finum ai &ai ad quartum. Ergo,cum here-

rologi aequentur, ut radius ad quartum inventum, fic finus fe-
cundius anguli a.ad differentiam diftam.

Dd 2 Quare
 GEOMETRI AE
Quare termini proportionales fiefunt:
Radius. fin. cruris. fin.cruris. Quartus.
Radius. Quartus. fin.fec. a. Ditf.fin.fecund.
Baf.6cdiff.cru.
Et hinc licet.
j2. Datis anguli dati cruribus ,
bajin ejus invenire -
2l.p.j.Reg.
Quod fi crura funt aequalia,anguli in bafi aequantur per 7 c 1$
ideo per 9 e 13. perpendicularis bilecat bafm.hinc portularum l'a
perius citius tibi fatisfacier.

Sinr ergo crura inaequalia :& derur a e . j.

gr.4J.a i vero gr.38.2o'.cum angulo a.grad.
Ji.50.quK data funt exempli illius lupra al-
lati ex Tychonc6cThaddaeo.

Quaeritur hinc e i diflantia nempe dua-

rum ftellarum Cafsiopeae.
Primo ergo termini fic funt:
Sin. a c. fin. a i.

100,000. 61,606. 62,023. 40,811.

Secundo ficdifponenrur rermini invento finu fecundo angts-
li a.nempe fubdufto finu complementi de radio.

Sin.fec. a.
too,ooo. 40,811. 1,186. 484.
Ergo differentia finuum fecundorum bafis ac differentiae eni-
sum eft 484..
Haec ergo differentia addiraadfinum fecundum differentiae,
«rurum eft finus fecundus bafis. ur in hocexemplo finus fecun-
dus differentiae crurum gr.2.4o.eft 108. Ergo fumma 484 5c 108.
hoc eft 592.ell pro finu fecundo bafis. i s de finu toro feu radio
relinquit pp,4o8.cui comperitgr.83.46'. Ergo ejus complemen
tum gr.6.»4 '.eft pro bafi quaefita.
 :

R O TV N D I, L I B. XniJ. 397
Et ex hoc elemento, utcaeteros fani ulus taceam, magna Geo
graphiae auxilia paranturin quaerendis terrcftrium locorum di-
ftantiis ubi locorum diverla
: latitudo &
longitudo exiltirj: &
fic enim Geographi nominant. Et fic inquirit P. Nonius IU
bro fecundo de obfervat. Regul.ac inftrument. c. 10. Et CaF-
danus etiam eam ad rem citat 2 p 5 Regiomontani in libris
de Varietate rerum. Et nuper in edita a fe Aftronomia Maeft-
linus amicus nofter eandem viam ingrelTus e fl. Plura tamen hu-
jus theorematis exemplaluculencifsima Nonius inlibro decre
pufculis fuppeditabir.
Et
33. Datis trianguli lateribus, cu)ufvis bafts angulum
invenire. 3-p.s.Regtom.
Inventio ex ha&cnus diftis non eft obfcura. Sunt enim in
triangulo dato termini huic rei accommodati proportionales
hocmodo
Rad. fin cruris. fin cruris reliqui. Quartus.
Quart. Radius. Differentia fmuum finusfecund.
Sec.bafis StdifFcrcn- angi
" o-
tiae crurum
r fi ex daris tribus lateribus
a e. 41.
a i. 38. ao.
e i. 6. 14.
Qusratur angulus
e a i.

Termini ergo proportionales fiefunr;

1.

Sin. a e. fin. a i.

100,000. 65,606. 6 2,023.

11.
Sin.fec.ang.a.
40,811* 100,000. 484*
Dd 3 Tertiu»
 . , L '

s
V #/>/ GEO MET. ROT. L I B. X II I
Tertius terminus 484. eft differentia finuum fecundorum ha
fisei &
differentias crurum. Hunc fi bafis minor quadrante lic
compendio invenies fi differentiam affumas finuum comple-
• / mentorum bafis ac differentiae crurum. Quod llcgiomouranua
ad 2 p 5 admonet. Sed tamen fi bafis quadrante major fit.perin-
_ •
w ^ ,
denon invenietur.
Et calculum triangulorum expofuimus collegimus ea
fic .

quae ufum habere videbantur :

&
quibus cognitis omnia ea
quae fpecialia ab aliis colliguntur traftari& expediri commo-
de pofsint:nec tantum ea traftari quae collefta funr,fed quae
\
quotidie Aftronomis, Geographis aliist^ue occurrunt inve- &
niunrur.Nccenimadhuctottamq; varii cafus colletti
funtutultimum viderimus. Tu iis candide
• Leftorfruereinfuoquifqjpropo-
fico exemplo: &Audii»
. t. • noAris fave*
t

\r FINIS.

ELEMENs
fc-v
' • /

-j '
«.£( • * <

$ . !> T

;
*;'.» • *• - ‘

’.»« .4,
'

L / *•
*• • vl"A V
;

A— n. * v •. —
fc
t
*
^ J55
-g, :
<
:
v^ •\ y
#
1
 .

m
ELEMENTA I N S E#
rcnda ad quintum Rami fic

funtreftituta.

14. Si dux rcftx fe Jecantcsparallelispluribus inter/e*

centur parallela, conterminis fegmentis funt propor-
:

tionales ,
\ . J

ST confeftarium. Sinr enim reftaea e, ai in-

e ije
9

terfe&aeada. Eas fecem parallelae u o, ci. Erit ut

a u ad u o fic a e ad c i. Erigatur enim a termino i pa-
-
rallela s ad ae. i &
u o in cam continuetur. Turni i**W r -
.
*
J
termino s iit ad ai parallela s y.in quam continue-
turreftaae. Erit a y «qualis reftae
is,hoccftu epcr jcuc. Erittan- y
dcm per 13 c ut u a ad u 0 ficay, hoc
cftueados.
Ergo per compofitionem pro-
portionum ut u a ad u o fic u a &
ueaduo&o s,hoceft e p 6 c 12 e.
i

Eadem fuerit demonftratio fi re-

ftae fint verticaliterint£rfeftae,ut in
eode diagrammate patet. Si enim
datae ai&us intcrfe&ae verticali-
terin o fccentur parallelis au, sf.
Completa pr^miiTu fabrica erit per
13 e ut au a J a o conterminum Tegmentum, hc a y
o s contei minum Tegmentum. Elementum 13 invenit tertiam &
quartam proportionalem: hoc continue mediam proportiona-
lem (implicem aut duplicem fuppedicabit.
Itaq;
1. Si data dux reclx in unam continuentur -.perpendi-
cularis a puntfo continuationis in angulum norma conti-
nuatam

*
4*i
nuatam cum continuatione includentis cFI medi4 p repor*
tionalis tnter datas.

Norma five gnomon, canon, eft inftrumenrum crurum anguli

redi.de qua fupra fuit ad 8 e.Ejus opera media datis preportio-
nalis invenitur, unde & Mefalabum feu Mefographas hmplex
dici portet. Sine datae duae redae a e, e i.

a c
e i

Queritur his media ^portionalis :ad qua fit ut a e fice a ad ei.

Continuetur ergo a c in ut continuatio e i sequetur reliquae
i

datae. Dehinc e pundo continuationis e erigatur perpendicula-

ris infinita e o. jam circa hanc perpendicularem furfum deor-
fum,horlum illorfum moveatur norma ao e ut angulo luo cora
prehendat e o. cruribus vero includat redam ai.
Dico tegmen-
tum perpedicu- ' 7
laris e o elfe me-
di u proportio-
nale interdatas.
Continuetur
enim ea in u.uc
continuatio a u
xquetur e o. Ec
adpundu conti
Ruationis a. fiat

angulus u as an
;ulo o ei aequa-
fis &c aequicru-
rus: hoc eft crus
a s fiat aequale cruri e i. Quare connexis u s. redae u s o i ae- & &
quabuntur^ anguli e o i,a u s per i.c.6.e.$.& per u e.s a,o e fune
parallelae, & angulus s a o. aequalis angulo a o e. Sed &anguli
sae & ao i tunc redi ex fabrica &l ihefi : 6c proinde aequales.
quare
 401
«juare reliqui oae&eo i, hoc eft sua funt aequales : & proinde
per ii e u z 3Ca o parallelae:& usaceo continuatae concurrent,
ut hic in y:Scper f.c.u.e.o y a s aequantur. &
jam peri* e. ut ueadua (icey,ad a s. Ergo perfubdultionera
proportionum: ut ea ad ua fic e o,hocc(tuaad oy,hoceftas.
Et
2 . Si data dua retia retie contermina verticaliter con-
tinuentur : norma crurefuo etj{ parallelo mobili incides in
terminos datarum , angulis m
continuatas , interfecabit i
continuatis duas medias continueproportionales datis.
Praemifium confe&ariu Mefolabii fimplicis fuit: hocduplicis
eft.cujus ufiis in fabricandis optatis corporibus eft perfpicuus.
Sint datae duae reftae a e, e i. e i

Sint^inveniendf reftaeme- a »

diaejeontinui proportionales,
nempe ut (ita e ad inventam ficinventaad inventam fecundam
&utillaadhancnchaecad ei.
Conterminetur itaqj
datae re^ead e. & infini
re continuentur fed ver
ricaliter:nempe i e ver-
fus u. at a e verfus
jam ad reliquam fabri-
cam Platonis fuit me-
fographus norma fcili-

cet oppofitis cruribus

parallela:Ejus crus unu
per cavum c6rermin~
rum lateru mobile
Ergo mefographum ti-
bi comparabis :fi nor-
mae addas unicum la-
tus mobile, fed oppo-
Ee fico
402
fito cruriatcunq; moram parallelum qu®- duplex quali norma
:

effiam/! haec norma adhibeatur:& ram<$; diu latus mobile vol-

vacurutcum ippolico conrineat terminos datarum, led anguli
in continuatas incidantrreflaeacontinuationis punflo in angu
los normae funrquaefitae. ut fi Mefographi a u o latus o mo- i i

bile frcthac illacvolves donecanguli u o incidantin infinitas,&

&fimul u a, o i attingant terminos a,i. Erit per conieflarium
pratmiflum
at e i ad eo fic eo ad eu.
ut eo ad eu fic eu ad ei,
Et Mefolabium tam fimplcx quam duplex expolitum
fic fuit?
cujus ulus fabricis lineati optati eft accommodatitsimus.

/ r. Si qua tuor retiarum duxfaciant angulum reliquet

ab harum terminis tnfe reflexapriores fecent : ratio untua

adfigmentumfuum velfigmentorum mter fefit e ratio -
ne ita conterminarum ut prima facientium contermine-
turprincipio antecedentisfatix fecunda hu\ns confcquen-
tisfini contermina terminetur m
finem cofequentts fatix.
' •• •( ' •

Elementi hujus duo exempla fpecialia Ptolemaeus habet:

Theon iis quatuor addidi tu ci^t^sA.0V»7<r/»de alterutra angu-
lum continentium & reflexarum.
Sint ergo duae reflae a e, a i
& ab harum terminis refle- a
xae aliae du$ i u,e o fccantes fe
in y &
datas priores in u o. &
Erit ratio particularium re-
fluum fafta : ut fequens ty-*
pus oflen dit quo antece-: in
dentes facientium fuperio-
riloco funt: colequenres luis
aiueccdcnribus fubiiciuntur»
u Eft
 40!
4 Eft Ptolemaei 8t Theonis u
Facientes, Faifta.
*
*»
u. e.
i y ia. a o.
u y. eo.

1 1. EftTheonis V 1.

* u. e y- a i. i o.
n e. y
fc

1 1 1. EftTheonis 1 1 1.

e a. u i.
e o. o y.
/• rti
a u. 1
y*

mi. EftTheonis 1 1.

o a. i u. e y*
o e. »q
a i. u y. *
r £ ip« ri4 i

v. EftPtolem. n. Theonis uit.

* y- u e.
o a.
i o.
e a.
y u -

1
VI. EftTheonis v.
<S / >1
:i i ;

e u o.
? * y
/u a. i o.
v ,' y. ,

Eodem modo in reliquis duabus feres habet :,Gve terminos

alternes five inverras. •
.

Pro demonftratione foris a Ptolemaeo quaedam

allumitur:
duas faciendis proportionales iis proportio,
q U£E multiplicans
nalcs alias inveniat. DehacalTumpraThcon
hanc tradit regu-
interponiturveladjun
lam:ut fu parallela alceri duarum quibus
ut altera harum
gitur, vel pars alterius carundem , vel e contra
firparsaflumpta: deforis. Quae tamen in fpeciali
exemplo de-
relifta hac
terminate afluincndam deforis non monftrac.Quare
nobis fabrica fit:ut a prin-
Theonis rceula.ifta demonftracionis
Ee i cipio
 404
cipio antecedentis fa£he parallela confequenti fecund; facien-
tium ducatur in aliquam datarum infinite continuatam.
Erunt tum multiplicatae proportiones.
Anteced. Confeq. Anteced. Coufeq. fecundae
facientium urrobiqj squalitatis ratio»
:

Anteced. Confeq. prims facientium, parallela, antece-

dens fecundae facientium per 14 e.
Ergi per multiplicationem proportionum,ratio parallel; ad
co lfequentemfecundx facientium, hoc eft, ex fabrira & 14 e,
ratio antecedentis faltx ad confequentem fit e ratione &c.di-
llo modo.
Exempli gratia demonftretur exemplum primum fpeciale*
Dico ergo rationem i a ad a o
eflfe faltam e ratione i u ad u y
perrationemyeadeo. Duca-
tur enim a principio antece-
dentis faltx nempe punito i

parallela reltae e y. quae concur

ratcum a e continuata in n.Erit
ergo per 14 e.ut a ad a ofic pa-
i

rallela dultaadeo confequen-

tem fecundx facientium. Sunt
ergo jam multiplicatae propor
liones.
io. u y. in. e y. peri4.e.
e. e o. e y. eo.
y
Ergo ut faltus ab u per y e i

ad faltum ab u yad e o ficinad

eo,hoceftiaadao.
Sic (it fecundum Ptolemxi docendum quod in typo praemifr
fo quintum eft.
' Dico ergo rationem o ad o a efTe fallam e ratione iy ady u,
i

& ratione u e ad e a.Rurfus enim a principio antecedentis fallae

idc parallela adeonfequentem fecundxfacientium e a.quf con
currat.
 wr
c - H •

currat o in n continuata»
cum e
• 5

Eritperi+c.urioadoaGc in ad
c a. Sunt ergo jam rurfua multi-
plicataeproportionea
u eea. u e. ea.
perime.
i y. y u» in. u e.
Ergo per multiplicatione pro-
portionum ratio n ad e a, hoc eft
i

io ad o a fit e ratione iyady upet

rationem u e ad ea.
Haec duo exempla Prolemaeu!
paulo aliter cumThcone demon
Arat nec parallelam eodem 8c
:

communi modo ducit, ut enim t

punfto ofcu fine confequentis faftae paral-
in primo exemplo a
ducitur.fic in fecundo exem
lela antecedenti primae facientium
faftae egreditur.
pio parallela quartae e o i fine confequentis
Theon quoqjinfuis exemplis fpeciatim demonftrandi* ge-
ncrali via carcr. Nam in fecundo noftri ry pi exemplo parallela

principio antecedentis fattae ad confcquentem fecundf

fa-
eft a
parallela confe-
cientium : atin tertio k fine confequentis faftae
quenti primf facientium educitur.Quarc ut
de generali elemen
demonftrationemyle-
to follidtus fui: fic generalem dementi
monftrationis^; fabricam quaerere conatus fum.Et fane
talis eft

ea quam propofui : &

in fpccialibus Ptolemaei exemplis exer-
cui.SedpraeftatinTheonis exemplis idem docere. Sumemus
itaq; rationem reflexae ad fegtmntum & fegmentorum inter fe:
nempe 4 8c<S exemplum noftri typi. . . ..

Dico ergo rationem oe ad ey cfle fa&am e ratione oaadar

per rationem u aduy. i

Ducatur a termino o nempe principio antecedentis factae pn

jallela ad u y refta n o.
Erit per i x e. ut o e ad e y fic parallela n o ad u y.
Ee $ At
 :

4'*
At ratio n o ad uy fici ratio,
nc o a ad a i,8c u ad uy. i

Sunt enim multiplicat^ pro-

portiones :
iu. u y. i u. u y.
* •
o a. ai. os. i u.
per «4
Rurfus dico rationem eyad
yo componi exratione eu ad
ua,&aiadio. Theon paral-
lelam ducit ex o.ad u i. Sed per
generalem fabricam ducetur
exead oi. Erit ergo ut e y ad
yo. ficen ado i. jam
lunt multiplicat^ pro- A
portiones illae

ai. io. ai. io. Mtn o!q

e u. u'a. e n.
Ergo ratio
hoc eft y ad e yo erit

ex didis rationibus fc
5 * •

fta.‘

De fegmentis rcfta-
rum diverfarum multa
traflant Arabes fub no
SM'.'

mine regule fex quan- _

titatum. Et Alchindi hac de re modi five theoremata circumfe-
runtur. Repetit etiam ip Algorithmo fuo Regiomontanus : 5c
Maurtflycus ad i
p $ Menelai. Verum nihil habent quod non
protinus e proportionum multiplicatione Arithmeti-
ca: periris oCCurrat. Sunt enim modi illi
illius multiplicationis exem-
pla fpecialia.

FINIS.
 B A S I L E R,
PER S E B ASTIANV M H EN R I G-
PETRI N N OS A LVT IS HV*
,

MANAE CM. D. LXXX1II.

CWENSE k^AVGV-
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