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Condutas Atuais no

IAM com supra-ST


Joāo Ricardo Cordeiro Fernandes
Médico do Corpo Clínico do Hosp. Israelita Albert Einstein
Médico Cardiologista pelo InCor e pela SBC
Médico Assistente do InCor-HCFMUSP
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

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relacionado a essa apresentaçāo
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

Dor Torácica na Emergência

Como avaliar?
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

Avaliação
Dor torácica na emergência

• Tipo e localização
• Irradiação e sintomas associados
• Fatores de melhora e piora

Dor Torácica Definitivamente Anginosa: Dor Tipo A

Dor ou desconforto retroesternal ou precordial, geralmente


precipitado pelo esforço físico, podendo irradiar para ombro,
mandíbula ou face interna do braço (ambos), com duração de
alguns minutos e aliviada pelo repouso ou com uso de nitrato.

Protocolo Institucional de Dor Torácica – Unidade de Pronto Atendimento – HIAE 2017.


Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

Avaliação
Dor torácica na emergência

• Tipo e localização
• Irradiação e sintomas associados
• Fatores de melhora e piora

Dor Torácica Provavelmente Anginosa: Dor Tipo B

ü  Tem a maioria, mas não todas as características da dor


definitivamente anginosa.
ü  As características da dor torácica fazem de SCA a primeira
hipótese, necessitando de exames complementares para
confirmação diagnóstica.

Protocolo Institucional de Dor Torácica – Unidade de Pronto Atendimento – HIAE 2017.


Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

Avaliação
Dor torácica na emergência

• Tipo e localização
• Irradiação e sintomas associados
• Fatores de melhora e piora

Dor Torácica Provavelmente Não Anginosa: Dor Tipo C

ü  Tem poucas características da dor definitivamente anginosa


(“dor atípica”, sintomas de “equivalente anginoso”).
ü  As características da dor torácica não fazem de SCA a primeira
hipótese, necessitando de exames complementares para
descartar o diagnóstico.

Protocolo Institucional de Dor Torácica – Unidade de Pronto Atendimento – HIAE 2017.


Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

Avaliação
Dor torácica na emergência

• Tipo e localização
• Irradiação e sintomas associados
• Fatores de melhora e piora
Dor Torácica Definitivamente não Anginosa: Dor Tipo D

ü  Nenhuma característica da dor anginosa, fortemente indicativa de


diagnóstico não cardiológico.
ü  Apesar das características da dor não remeterem a SCA, em casos
selecionados este sintoma pode ser uma apresentação atípica de
SCA. Principalmente em pacientes com múltiplos fatores de risco
para doença arterial coronária.

Protocolo Institucional de Dor Torácica – Unidade de Pronto Atendimento – HIAE 2017.


Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

Avaliação
Dor torácica na emergência

• Tipo e localização
• Irradiação e sintomas associados
• Fatores de melhora e piora

Equivalente isquêmico

Dispneia;
Sudorese fria;
Náusea e vômitos;
Dor epigástrica;
Síncope.

Protocolo Institucional de Dor Torácica – Unidade de Pronto Atendimento – HIAE 2017.


Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

Avaliação
Dor torácica na emergência
Fatores de risco clássicos
ü  Aterosclerose manifesta (incluindo alta carga de placa no escore de cálcio)
ü  Diabetes Melitus
ü  Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica
ü  Tabagismo
ü  Dislipidemia
ü  Idade (H > 45; M . 55)

HF de dça cardiovascular precoce em parentes de 1o grau


ü  H < 55 anos e M < 65 anos

Fatores de risco emergentes


ü  IRC
ü  HIV em uso de terapia antirretroviral
ü  Dça inflamatória crônica
ü  Menopausa / Reposição de testosterona
ü  Uso de cocaína
Protocolo Institucional de Dor Torácica – Unidade de Pronto Atendimento – HIAE 2017.
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

Dor torácica ! conduta


Sala de Emergência

• Deitar na maca
• Monitorização completa
• Oxigênio se SatO2 < 90%
• Acesso venoso periférico + coleta de exames
• Exame físico direcionado (atenção para PA e pulsos)
• ECG < 10 min
•  12 derivações
•  Considerar V3R, V4R, V7 e V8

Protocolo Institucional de Dor Torácica – Unidade de Pronto Atendimento – HIAE 2017.


Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

Quando podemos dizer que é


um Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio?
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

Definição
Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio (IAM) – tipo 1

Contexto clínico consistente com isquemia miocárdica


Sintomas de isquemia miocárdica aguda ou
Alterações ECGs isquêmicas novas ou
Desenvolvimento de ondas Q patológicas ou
Evidência de imagem de nova perda de miocárdio viável ou
Anormalidade nova na motilidade regional consistente com isquemia ou
Identificação de trombo coronário por angiografia ou atópsia


Evidência de injúria miocárdica com necrose
Elevação de troponina cardíaca ultrassensível > perc 99 do limite sup de referência

Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. Am Coll Cardiol 2018.


Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

O que é IAM com supra-ST?


• Quadro clínico compatível com isquemia miocárdica
• Alteração eletrocardiográfica específica:
ü  Supradesnivelamento do segmento ST ≥ 1mm em 2 derivações contíguas;
em V2-V3, considerar supra-ST ≥ 2,5mm em homens < 40a; ≥ 2,0mm em
homens ≥ 40a e ≥1,5mm em mulheres.
ü  BRE novo.
ü  Supra-ST em aVR e infradesnivelamento do segmento ST difuso
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

Diagnóstico Diferencial
Nem todo supra-ST é IAM…
current concepts

• Variante normal Lead


V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6

cing 1

- Aproximadamente 90% homens jovens saudáveis


- Supra-ST de 1 a 3 mm em uma ou mais derivações precordiais
cing 2

ST-Segment Elevation in Conditions Other Than Acute Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2003;349:2128-35.
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST
Lead

Diagnóstico Diferencial
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6

Nem todo supra-ST é IAM…


current concepts
cing 1

• Repolarização precoce Lead


V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6

cing 12
cing

-  Pacrão de repolarização precoce


-  Notch no ponto J de V4

cing 3

cingST-Segment
2 Elevation in Conditions Other Than Acute Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2003;349:2128-35.
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST
The new england jou
Lead V2
Diagnóstico Diferencial
Nem todo supra-ST é IAM…
1 2 3

Lead V1

Lead V3

• Hipertrofia ventricular esquerda


Lead V2

Lead II

Figure 2. Electrocardiograms Sho


Lead VN3 Engl J Med 2003;349:2128-35.
ST-Segment Elevation in Conditions Other Than Acute Myocardial Infarction.
Tracing 1 is from a patient with lef
of the heart, often corresponding to the left circumflex territory, iso- ..Lead V2
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST..
ated ST-segment depression ! 0.5 mm in leads V1 –V3 represents . 4.2 Relief of pain, b
he dominant finding. These should be managed as a STEMI. The use ... anxiety
Diagnóstico Diferencial
.
.
of additional posterior chest wall leads [elevation V7 –V9 ! 0.5 mm .. Relief of pain is of paramount im
.. The new england journal journ
The new england of med

.. sons but because the pain is as


Nem todo supra-ST
Table 3 Atypical electrocardiographic presentationsé IAM…
.. which causes vasoconstriction
.. heart. Titrated intravenous
Tracing Trac
that should prompt a primary percutaneous coronary
1 12.. 23 34 (i.v.)4
Lead V3
intervention strategy in patients with ongoing symp- ..Leadgesics
V3 most commonly used in
toms consistent with myocardial ischaemia .. is associated with a slower u
Lead V1 Lead V1 ..
.. diminished effects of oral antipl
.. lor, and prasugrel), which may
..
. ceptible individuals.61–63
Relief of hypoxaemia a
• Bloqueio do ramo esquerdo Lead V2 Lead V2

Lead II
Lead II
Recommendations

Hypoxia
Lead V3 Lead V3 Figure 2. Electrocardiograms Sho
Oxygen is indicated
Figure 2. Electrocardiograms ShowinginST-Seg
patien
Tracing 1 is from a patient with le
Tracing 1 is from xaemia
a patient
Tracing (SaO
with
3, from <
left90% or PaO
ventricular
a2 patient with acu
Tracing 3, from a patient with acute pericardit
and lead II and PR-segment depr
and lead II and Routine oxygen
PR-segment is not recom
T wave in V3 is depression.
tall, narrow, Tracin
point
64
patients
T wave in V3 istinctive
tall, narrow,with
features SaO
pointed,
of 90%.
and
!
tracing
2 6,tente
from
ST-Segment Elevation in Conditions Other Than Acute Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2003;349:2128-35.
Lead II Lead II tinctive features of tracing 6, from a patient wit
Sgarbossa EB, et al. remaining R' wave and the distin
N Engl J Med 1996;334(8):481–487.
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

Diagnóstico Diferencial
The Lead
newV2england journal
Lead V
The new england journa
2 medicine
of

Nem todo supra-ST éTracing


IAM… Tracing
1 2 13 24 3 5 4 6

Lead V1 Lead V1
Lead V3 Lead V3

• Pericardite
Lead V2 Lead V2

Lead II Lead II

-  Supra-ST difuso
Figure 2. Electrocardiograms Showing ST-Segment Elevation
Figure 2. Electrocardiograms Showi
Tracing 1 is from- a Infra-desnivelamento de PR
Lead V3 Lead V3
patientTracingwith left 1 ventricular
is from hypertrophy,
a patient with leftan
v
Tracing 3, from a patient with Tracingacute pericarditis,
3, from a patient is with
the only
acutetr
and
ST-Segment Elevation in Conditions lead
Other ThanII and
Acute PR-segment
Myocardial Infarction.
andN depression.
Engl and Tracing
J MedII2003;349:2128-35.
lead PR-segment 4 shows a ps
depress
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST
The new england journal medicine
ofThe new england journal of me

Diagnóstico Diferencial Lead V2 Lead V2

1
Nem
2
todo
3
supra-ST
1 4
é2 IAM…
5 3
Tracing
6
Tracing
4 7

ead V1 Lead V1
Lead V3 Lead V3

• Hipercalemia
ead V2 Lead V2

Lead II Lead II

- Onda T em V3: alta, estreita,


Figure 2. Electrocardiograms Showing Figure 2. Electrocardiograms
ST-Segment Showing
Elevation in Various ST-Segment
Conditions.
pontiaguda eTracing
em tenda.
1 is from a patient with left ventricular hype
Tracing 1 is from a patient with left ventricular hypertrophy, and tracing 2 is from a patient w
Tracing 3, V Tracing 3, isfrom
from a patient with acute pericarditis, the aonly
patient withwith
tracing acute pericarditis,
ST-segment is
eleva
ead V3 Lead 3
andThan
leadAcute
II andMyocardial
PR-segment depression.and lead II4 and
Tracing PR-segment
shows depression.
a pseudoinfarction Tracing
pattern in a4ps
ST-Segment Elevation in Conditions Other Infarction. N Engl J Med 2003;349:2128-35.
T wave in V3 is tall, narrow, pointed, andT wave in Tracing
tented. V3 is tall,5 is
narrow,
from apointed, and tented.
patient with Tra
acute ante
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST
england journal of medicine The new england journal of m

Lead V2 Diagnóstico Diferencial Lead V2

Tracing
Tracing
3 4 Nem
5 todo
6 supra-ST
71 é 2IAM… 3 4

Lead V1

Lead V3
Lead V3

• Sd. Brugada
Lead V2

Lead II Lead II

-  rSR’ e supra-ST apenas em V1 e V2


Figure 2. Electrocardiograms Showing ST-Se
Lead V
- 
2. Electrocardiograms Showing ST-Segment Elevation in Various Conditions.
Supra-ST começa no topo da R’
g 1 is from a patient with left ventricular hypertrophy, Tracingwith
3 and tracing 2 is from a patient 1 isleft
from a patient with block.
bundle-branch left ventricula
g 3,ST-Segment
from a patient with in
Elevation acute pericarditis,
Conditions is the
Other Than onlyMyocardial
Acute tracing with ST-segment
Infarction.
Tracing 3, from
N Engl Jelevation
a patient
in both with acute
precordial
Med 2003;349:2128-35. leads pericard
ad II and PR-segment depression. Tracing 4 shows a pseudoinfarction patternand in alead II and
patient PR-segment
with depression.
hyperkalemia. The Trac
the Brugada syndrome was due to compression of ST elevation of normal variant Seen in V3ofthrough
Elevation 1–3 mmV5 with inverted T waves
at et al. observed that transient ST-segment elevation Condutas
n occurred in 20 of 130
the patients
The right ventricular
electrocardiographic outflow
(15.4 percent)features
tract byofaatuais
who
mediastinal
pulmonary
no IAM com supra-ST Most marked in V2 voltage
Short QT, high QRS
Concave
- tumor; theinclude
embolism
were treated with transthoracic electrocardiographic
T-wave
electrical inversionfindings
counter- in the right pre- Left ventricular hypertrophy
became Concave
Early repolarization Most
Othermarked
featuresinofVleft
4, with notching at J point
ventricular

Diagnóstico Diferencial
- shock for ventricular normal
cordial after removal
leads; of
simultaneous
tachyarrhythmias thewere
that T-wave35inversion, ST-
tumor. Tall,hypertrophy
upright T waves
h. segment elevation,study.
induced during electrophysiological or both in the anteroseptal and Left bundle-branch block
40 None Reciprocal ST depression in aVR, not in
Concave
inferior leads; an S1Qof3Tan aVL, when limb leads are involved
m of these patients had clinical pulmonary
evidence 3 pattern;
embolism
acute complete or in- ST-segment deviation discordant from the
e coronary event. The complete
patients right bundle-branch
with ST-segment ele- block; and sinus ST elevation of normal variant SeenQRSin V3 through V5 with inverted T waves
e,
-
tachycardia.
embolism
Nem todo supra-ST é IAM…
The electrocardiographic
34,36,37 Tracingfeatures
include T-wave
1 in Figure
inversion
patient with massive pulmonary embolism. in
of pulmonary
3 is from a Acute pericarditis
the pre- Left ventricular hypertrophy
right The
Short QT, high QRS voltage
Diffuse ST-segment elevation
Concave
Reciprocal ST-segment depression in aVR,
Othernotfeatures
in aVL of left ventricular
at cordial
Elevationleads;
Table 1. ST-Segmentelectrocardiographic simultaneous
in Normal findings
Circumstances T-wave
werein inversion,
and strongly
Various sug- ST- hypertrophy
Elevation seldom >5 mm
t- Conditions. segment
gestive ofelevation,
acute anterioror both in the anteroseptal
infarction; a coronary and an- Left bundle-branch block PR-segment depression
Concave
4
Condition inferior leads;
giogram, however, an S
Features was Q T
1 3 normal.
3 pattern; complete
The electrocardio- or in- Hyperkalemia ST-segment
Other featuresdeviation discordant
of hyperkalemia from the
present:
n complete right maybundle-branch block; and sinus QRS
Widened QRS and tall, peaked, tented
graphic findings
Normal (so-called male pattern) Seen in
have reflected
approximately 90
right ventricular
percent of healthy
f tachycardia.
overload, 34,36,37 Tracing 1 in Figure 3 is
dilation,
youngormen;
ischemia.
therefore,Thus,
normal from a Acute pericarditis
a pseudoin- Diffuse TST-segment
waves elevation
Low-amplitude
Reciprocal ST-segmentor absent P waves
depression in aVR,
of patient with
farction pattern massive
Elevation pulmonary
canofbe1–3 mm
a manifestation embolism.
of pulmo-The ST segment usually downsloping
Most marked in V not in aVL
al electrocardiographic
nary embolism. 34,38 findings 2 were strongly sug- Brugada syndrome Elevation
Concave rSR' in V1 seldom
and V2 >5 mm
e gestive of acute anterior infarction; a coronary an- PR-segment depression
ST-segment elevation in V1 and V2, typically
Early repolarization Most marked in V4, with notching at J point
giogram, however, wasT waves
normal. The electrocardio- Hyperkalemia downsloping
Other features of hyperkalemia present:
Tall, upright
transthoracic cardioversion Widened QRS and tall, peaked, tented
graphic findings mayST
Reciprocal have reflectedinright
depression aVR, ventricular
not in Pulmonary embolism Changes simulating myocardial infarction
aVL, when limb leads are involved T waves
seen often in both inferior and antero-
overload,
The dilation,
ST segment canorbeischemia. Thus, a pseudoin-
elevated transiently after di- Low-amplitude
ST elevation of normal variant Seen in V3 through V5 with inverted T waves septal leads or absent P waves
farction pattern
rect-currentShort can
countershock be a
QT, high QRS
manifestation
to the precordiumpulmo-
voltage
of (Fig. 3, Cardioversion ST segment usually downsloping
y 34,38 Striking ST-segment elevation, often
nary embolism.
tracing 2). Van Gelder et al. reported that 23 of 146 Brugada syndrome rSR'>10
in Vmm,
1 andbut
V2 lasting only a minute or
e- Left ventricular hypertrophy Concave
ST-segment elevation
two immediately afterin V1direct-current
and V2, typically
T- patients withOther
atrialfeatures
fibrillation
of left or flutter (16 percent)
ventricular
downsloping
hypertrophy shock
d hadtransthoracic
ST-segment elevationcardioversion
of 5 mm or more after Pulmonary embolism Changes simulating myocardial
elevation ininfarction
n-
Left bundle-branch block Concave
undergoingST-segment
transthoracic cardioversion.39 The ST Prinzmetal’s angina
deviation discordant from the
Same as ST-segment
seen often in both inferior and antero-
infarction, but transient
The ST segment
segment normalized can be elevated transiently after di-
QRS within a mean of 1.5 minutes septal leads
s
rect-current countershock to the precordium
No clinical(Fig. 3, Acute myocardial infarction ST segment with a plateau or shoulder or
a Acute pericarditis (range, 10 seconds to 3 minutes).
Diffuse ST-segment elevation or en- Cardioversion Striking ST-segment elevation, often
upsloping
tracing
zyme 2). Van Gelder
Reciprocal
evidence of et al. reported
ST-segment
myocardial thatnoted.
depression
injury was 23 of 146
in aVR,Pa- >10 mm, but lasting
Reciprocal behavior only aaVL
between minute or
and III
e two immediately after direct-current
patients with atrial
not infibrillation
tients with ST-segment
aVL
elevationor flutter (16 percent)
- Elevation seldom >5 mm had a lower con- shock
- had ST-segment elevation
PR-segment depressionof 5 mm or more after
- Hyperkalemia
undergoingOthertransthoracic cardioversion.39 The ST Prinzmetal’s angina
features of hyperkalemia present:
Same as ST-segment elevation in
infarction, but transient
r segment normalized
Widenedwithin
QRSnand a mean
engltall, of349;22
1.5tented
peaked,
j med minutes
www.nejm.org november 27, 2003 2133
Acute myocardial infarction ST segment with a plateau or shoulder or
(range, 10 seconds T to
waves
3 minutes). No clinical or en-
- ST-Segment Elevation in Conditions Other Than
Low-amplitude Acute
or absent
upsloping
Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2003;349:2128-35.
P waves
- zyme evidenceST ofsegment
myocardial injury
usually was noted. Pa-
downsloping
Reciprocal behavior between aVL and III
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

Diagnóstico: IAM com supra-ST

E agora? O que fazer?


Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

Lembrando…....
Sala de Emergência

• Deitar na maca
• Monitorização completa
• Oxigênio se SatO2 < 90%
• Acesso venoso periférico + coleta de exames
• Exame físico direcionado (atenção para PA e pulsos)
• ECG < 10 min
•  12 derivações
•  Considerar V3R, V4R, V7 e V8

Protocolo Institucional de Dor Torácica – Unidade de Pronto Atendimento – HIAE 2017.


Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

Diagnóstico de IAM com supra-ST

• Quadro clínico compatível com isquemia miocárdica


• Alteração eletrocardiográfica específica:
ü  Supradesnivelamento do segmento ST ≥ 1mm em 2 derivações contíguas;
em V2-V3, considerar supra-ST ≥ 2,5mm em homens < 40a; ≥ 2,0mm em
homens ≥ 40a e ≥1,5mm em mulheres.
ü  BRE novo.
ü  Supra-ST em aVR e infradesnivelamento do segmento ST difuso

Protocolo Gerenciado de IAM com Elevação de ST – Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein 2017.
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

ATENÇÃO!!
Supra-ST em aVR e/ou V1 + infra-ST difuso

- Preditor independente de lesão de TCE ou doença triarterial!

Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2016;21(1):91–97.


Am Heart J 2007;154(1):71–78.
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

Próximo passo..
Confirmado diagn de IAM com supra-ST

• AAS 200mg
• Analgesia (preferencialmente opióides)
• Avaliar sinais de instabilidade hemodinâmica
• Avaliar sinais de instabilidade elétrica

Ø  Definir terapia de reperfusão imediata !


Indicada se sintomas de isquemia ≤
12h e supra-ST persistente.

2017 ESC Guidelines for the manegement of AMI with ST-elevation. European Heart Journal (2018) 39, 119–177.
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

Terapia de Reperfusão..
Fibrinólise X Angioplastia primária

Ø  Se disponível, ATC primária é a estratégia de escolha.

Ø  Se ATC primária não disponível ou sem possibilidade de


realização dentro do tempo, fibrinólise é recomendada dentro
das primeiras 12h de sintomas, caso não haja contraindicação.

2017 ESC Guidelines for the manegement of AMI with ST-elevation. European Heart Journal (2018) 39, 119–177.
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

Terapia de Reperfusão..
Fibrinólise X Angioplastia primária

Ø  Se sintomas > 12h, ATC primária está indicada caso haja


sintomas persistentes de isquemia, instabilidade hemodinâmica
ou arritmias com ameaça à vida.

Ø  ATC primária rotineira deve ser considerada em pactes que se


apresentam após 12-48h do início da dor.

2017 ESC Guidelines for the manegement of AMI with ST-elevation. European Heart Journal (2018) 39, 119–177.
ffective, increases
patients !75 yearsthe riskand
of age of to
bleeding, andimpaired
those with is therefore .
renalnot ..recom-

ps://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article-abstract/39/2/119/4095042 by guest on 28 October 201


mended. Prolonged, or traumatic Condutas
but Enoxaparin atuais
successful,was .. no IAM com supra-ST
resuscitation
imated creatinine clearance <30 mL/min). ..
ncreases bleeding risk and is a relative contraindication
with247a reduction in the risk of death and reinfarction at 30 .. to fibrinoly-

Importante..
is. Tablewith
ompared 8 lists the absolute and
a weight-adjusted UFHrelative
dose, contraindications
.
but at the cost ..to fibri-
nolytic therapy.
nt increase in non-cerebral bleeding complications. The net .
.
..
fit (i.e. absence of death, non-fatal infarction, and intracra- ..
rhage)
Tablefavoured
Contra-indicações para Fibrinólise
enoxaparin.229,230 Finally,
8 Contra-indications fondaparinux
to fibrinolytic
..
therapy..
in the large OASIS-6 trial to be superior in this setting to ..
.
UFH in preventing death and reinfarction,199,233 especially ..
..
ho received streptokinase. ..
trial with streptokinase, significantly fewer reinfarc- ..
243
.
seen with bivalirudin given for 48 h compared with UFH, ..
.
he cost of a modest and non-significant increase in non- ..
.
eeding complications. Bivalirudin has not been studied ..
.
pecific agents. Thus, there is no evidence in support of ...
mbin inhibitors as an adjunct to fibrinolysis. ..
.
djusted i.v. tenecteplase, aspirin, and clopidogrel given ...
enoxaparin i.v. followed by s.c. administration until the ...
(revascularisation), comprise the antithrombotic cocktail ...
nsively studied as part of a pharmacoinvasive ...
126,128,242,244 ..
..
..
ards of fibrinolysis ..
..
herapy is associated with a small but significant excess of ..
ely attributable to cerebral haemorrhage, with the excess
..
.. DBP = diastolic blood pressure; SBP = systolic blood pressure.
aring on the first day after treatment.220 Advanced age, .
2017 ESC Guidelines for the manegement of AMI with ST-elevation. European Heart Journal (2018) 39, 119–177.
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST
ESC Guidelines 129

Em suma…

Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article-abstract/39/2/119/4095


2017 ESC Guidelines for the manegement of AMI with ST-elevation. European Heart Journal (2018) 39, 119–177.
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

132 ESC Guidelines

Centro sem hemodinâmica…

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2017 ESC Guidelines for the manegement of AMI with ST-elevation. European Heart Journal (2018) 39, 119–177.
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

No caso de Angioplastia Primária

• Acesso radial preferível.


• Preferência por stent farmacológico de nova geração.
• Não está recomendado o uso rotineiro de aspiração de trombo
• Revascularização completa de rotina (lesões não-culpadas) deve
ser considerada antes da alta hospitalar.

• ATC de artéria não-culpada durante a ATC primária deve ser


considerada em pactes com choque cardiogênico.

2017 ESC Guidelines for the manegement of AMI with ST-elevation. European Heart Journal (2018) 39, 119–177.
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

No caso de Angioplastia Primária

Ø  Terapia antiplaquetária
•  AAS para todos precocemente
•  Ticagrelor ou Prasugrel antes da angioplastia (até 12 meses)
•  Alternativa: clopidogrel (se CI aos anteriores)
•  Inibidores da GP IIb/IIIa se evidência de no-reflow ou complicação
trombótica

2017 ESC Guidelines for the manegement of AMI with ST-elevation. European Heart Journal (2018) 39, 119–177.
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

No caso de Angioplastia Primária

Ø  Terapia anticoagulante
•  Anticoagulante + Antiplaquetário para todos durante ATC primária
•  Heparina não-fracionada (classe I) preferível à enoxaparina (IIa)
•  Bivalirudina "opção se trombocitopenia induzida por heparina
•  Fondaparinux não está recomendada em ATC primária (classe III)

2017 ESC Guidelines for the manegement of AMI with ST-elevation. European Heart Journal (2018) 39, 119–177.
Condutas atuais no IAM .com supra-ST
.. 5.2.2.3 Therapies to reduce infarct size and microvascular
Table 6 Doses of antiplatelet and anticoagulant ..
cotherapies in patients undergoing primary percutane- .. Final infarct size and MVO are major independent p
ous coronary intervention or not reperfused
.. long-term mortality and heart failure in survivors of
..
.. MVO is defined as inadequate myocardial perfusion a
No caso de Angioplastia Primária .. ful mechanical opening of the IRA, and is caused by
..
.. tors.218 MVO is diagnosed immediately after PCI
.. procedural angiographic TIMI flow is < 3, or in the ca
..
.. flow of 3 when myocardial blush grade is 0 or 1, or w
.. lution within 60–90 min of the procedure is < 70%.
..
.. invasive techniques to diagnose MVO are late
.. enhancement (LGE) CMR (the current state of the
..
.. identification and quantification), contrast echoc
.. single-photon emission computed tomography (SPEC
..
.. tron emission tomography (PET).218 Different strate
.. coronary post-conditioning, remote ischaemic condi
..
.. i.v. metoprolol, GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors, drugs targeting m
.. integrity or nitric oxide pathways, adenosine, glucose
..
.. hypothermia, and others, have been shown to be ben
.. clinical and small-scale clinical trials,217,219 but still the
..
.. apy aimed at reducing ischaemia/reperfusion injury (M
.. clearly associated with improved clinical outcomes. T
..
.. of ischaemia/reperfusion injury in general, and MVO
.. remains an unmet need to further improve long-term
..
.. function in STEMI.
..
..
..
..
2017 ESC Guidelines for the manegement of AMI with ST-elevation. European.. Heart Journal (2018) 39, 119–177.
. 5.3 Fibrinolysis and pharmacoinva
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

No caso de Trombólise

• Benefício absoluto maior se < 2h do início dos sintomas


• Recomendado se início dos sintomas ≤ 12h e ATC primária
não pode ser realizada em até 120 min do diagnóstico de
IAMEST
• Verificar presença de contra-indicação
• Iniciar infusão em até 10 min do diagnóstico
• Escolha: Tenecteplase (agente fibrino-específico)
• Opções: Alteplase ou Reteplase
2017 ESC Guidelines for the manegement of AMI with ST-elevation. European Heart Journal (2018) 39, 119–177.
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

No caso de Trombólise
7 Doses of fibrinolytic agents and antithrombotic co-therapies

2017 ESC Guidelines for the manegement of AMI with ST-elevation. European Heart Journal (2018) 39, 119–177.
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

No caso de Trombólise

Ø Tenecteplase (TNK-tPA)

• Bolus IV único: 30mg (6000UI) se <60kg;


35mg (7000UI) se 60-70kg;
40mg (8000UI) se 70-80kg;
45mg (9000UI) se 80-90kg;
50mg (10000UI) se ≥90kg.
Ø  Dose pela metade em pactes ≥ 75 anos.

2017 ESC Guidelines for the manegement of AMI with ST-elevation. European Heart Journal (2018) 39, 119–177.
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

No caso de Trombólise

Ø  Terapia antiplaquetária
•  AAS para todos precocemente
•  Clopidogrel em associação à aspirina
•  DAPT indicada por até 1 ano na estratégia fármaco-invasiva

2017 ESC Guidelines for the manegement of AMI with ST-elevation. European Heart Journal (2018) 39, 119–177.
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

No caso de Trombólise

Ø  Terapia anticoagulante
•  Recomendada até revascularização ou durante a permanência no
hospital (até 8 dias)
•  Enoxaparina IV seguida de SC (preferível à HNF)
•  Alternativa: HNF IV bolus, seguida de infusão contínua
•  Se estreptoquinase: fondaparinux IV bolus e dose SC após 24h
(IIa)

2017 ESC Guidelines for the manegement of AMI with ST-elevation. European Heart Journal (2018) 39, 119–177.
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

No caso de Trombólise

a
PTTESC
2017 = activated partialforthromboplastin
Guidelines time;ofeGFR
the manegement AMI =with
estimated glomerular
ST-elevation. filtrationHeart
European rate; Journal
i.v. = intravenous;
(2018) 39,IU119–177.
= international units; rPA = reco
s.c. = subcutaneous; tPA = tissue plasminogen activator; UFH = unfractionated heparin.
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

No caso de Trombólise….
Conduta Posterior

Ø  Estratégia fármaco-invasiva
•  Transferência imediata p/ centro com hemodinâmica após fibrinólise
•  ATC emergência em pactes com IC / choque
•  ATC de resgate imediata se:
u  Falência da fibrinólise (<50% resolução do supra-ST em 60-90min);
u  Instabilidade hemodinâmica ou elétrica;
u  Piora da isquemia.

•  ATC da artéria culpada em 2-24h após fibrinólise com sucesso

2017 ESC Guidelines for the manegement of AMI with ST-elevation. European Heart Journal (2018) 39, 119–177.
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

Terapias adjuvantes
Ø  Beta-bloqueadores
•  Beta-bloq IV se estratégia de ATC primária, sem CI, PAS >
120mmHg e ausência de sinais de IC aguda

Ø  Hipolipemiantes
•  Terapia intensiva c/ estatina precocemente e mantida a longo prazo

Ø  iECA / BRA
•  Iniciar nas primeiras 24hs do IAMEST se IC, disfunção sistólica do
VE, DM ou IAM anterior

2017 ESC Guidelines for the manegement of AMI with ST-elevation. European Heart Journal (2018) 39, 119–177.
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

Condições especiais
Ø  Uso de anticoagulante oral
•  Opção por ATC primária (CI relativa a fibrinólise)
•  Indicada anticoagulação parenteral adicional
•  Evitar inibidores GP IIb/IIIa
•  AAS + Clopidogrel (600mg); não usar prasugrel ou ticagrelor
•  Manutenção: DAPT + anticoagulante " risco isquêmico x risco de
sangramento

•  Maioria: terapia tripla por 6 meses, dupla por mais 6 meses.


•  Após 1 ano: manter apenas anticoagulante oral

2017 ESC Guidelines for the manegement of AMI with ST-elevation. European Heart Journal (2018) 39, 119–177.
161
Condutas atuais no IAM com supra-ST

Condições especiais
Table 10 Diagnostic criteria for myocardial infarction
with non-obstructive coronary arteries (adapted from
Agewall et al12)
MINOCA

-  Miocardite
-  Miopericardite
ESC Guidelines
-  Dissecção coronária

Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/eurh


-  Espasmo coronária
-  Embolia coronária
AMI = acute myocardial infarction; IRA = infarct-related artery; MINOCA = myo- -  Takotsubo
cardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries.

econdary to epicardial coronary artery disorders (e.g. atheroscler-


tic plaque rupture, ulceration, fissuring, erosion, or coronary dissec-
on with non-obstructive or no CAD) (MI type 1); (2) imbalance

Downloaded from htt


etween oxygen supply and demand (e.g. coronary artery spasm and
oronary embolism) (MI type 2); (3) coronary endothelial dysfunc-
on (e.g. microvascular spasm) (MI type 2); and (4) secondary to
2017 ESC Guidelines for the manegement of AMI with ST-elevation. European Heart Journal (2018) 39, 119–177.
myocardial disorders without involvement of the coronary arteries
.
men compared with men, MI remains Condutas a leading cause of no..IAM com supra-ST
atuais .
omen. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) occurs three to ..
.
more often in men than in women below the age of .. 3. What is new in the 2017
2017 ESC Guidelines for .. the management of
t after the age of 75, women represent the majority
European Heart Journal (2018) 39, 119–177
of .. ESC GUIDELINES
Women tend to presentacute myocardial
more often with atypical symp- .
doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393
..
infarction . in patients version?
..
presenting with ST-segment elevation

Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article-abstract/39/2/119/4095042 by guest on 28 October


2017 ESCThe Task Force forfor
Guidelines the management
the of acute myocardial
management of
in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European
infarction

acute myocardial infarction


Society of Cardiology (ESC) in patients

presenting with ST
Authors/Task -segment
Force Members: Borja elevation
Ibanez* (Chairperson) (Spain), Stefan James*

Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article-abstract/39/2/11


(Chairperson) (Sweden), Stefan Agewall (Norway), Manuel J. Antunes (Portugal),
The Task Force forBucciarelli-Ducci
Chiara the management of acute
(UK), Héctor myocardial
Bueno (Spain), Alida infarction
L. P. Caforio (Italy),
Filippo Creawith
in patients presenting (Italy),ST
John A. Goudevenos
-segment (Greece),
elevation ofSigrun Halvorsen (Norway),
the European
Gerhard Hindricks (Germany), Adnan Kastrati (Germany), Mattie J. Lenzen
Society of Cardiology (ESC)
(The Netherlands), Eva Prescott (Denmark), Marco Roffi (Switzerland),
Marco Valgimigli (Switzerland), Christoph Varenhorst (Sweden), Pascalpatients
Vranckx
Authors/Task Force Members:
(Belgium), Petr Borja Ibanez*
Widimsk! (Chairperson)
y (Czech Republic) (Spain), Stefan James*
(Chairperson) (Sweden), Stefan Agewall (Norway), Manuel J. Antunes (Portugal),
Document Reviewers:
Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci (UK), Héctor Jean-Philippe Bueno Collet (CPG Review
(Spain), Alida Coordinator)
L. P. Caforio (France),
Steen Dalby Kristensen (CPG Review Coordinator) (Denmark), Victor Aboyans stenting(Italy),
(France),
Filippo Crea (Italy), John A. Goudevenos (Greece), Sigrun Halvorsen (Norway),
Gerhard Hindricks (Germany), Adnan Kastrati (Germany), Mattie J. Lenzen
(The Netherlands), Eva Prescott (Denmark), Marco Roffi (Switzerland),
Marco Valgimigli*Cardiovasculares
Corresponding authors. The two chairmen contributed equally to the document: Borja Ibanez, Director Clinical Research, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones
(Switzerland), Christoph
Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Varenhorst
Fern!andez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain;(Sweden), Pascal
Department of Cardiology, oVranckx
IIS-Fundaci! n Jiménez D!ıaz University Hospital, Madrid,
Spain; and CIBERCV, Spain. Tel: þ34 91 453.12.00 (ext: 4302), Fax: þ34 91 453.12.45, E-mail: bibanez@cnic.es or bibanez@fjd.es. Stefan James, Professor of Cardiology,
(Belgium), Petr Widimsk! y (Czech
Department of Medical Sciences, ScientificRepublic)
Director UCR, Uppsala University and Sr. Interventional Cardiologist, Department of Cardiology Uppsala University Hospital UCR
Uppsala Clinical Research Center Dag Hammarskjölds v€ag 14B SE-752 37 Uppsala, Sweden. Tel: þ46 705 944 404, Email: stefan.james@ucr.uu.se

Document Reviewers: Jean-Philippe Collet (CPG Review Coordinator) (France),


ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG) and National Cardiac Societies document reviewers: listed in the Appendix.

Steen Dalby Kristensen (CPG Review Coordinator) (Denmark), Victor Aboyans (France),
ESC entities having participated in the development of this document:
Associations: Acute Cardiovascular Care Association (ACCA), European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC), European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging
2017 ESC Guidelines(EACVI),
for the manegement
European of AMI
Association of Percutaneous with ST-elevation.
Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI),European HeartAssociation
European Heart Rhythm Journal (2018)
(EHRA), 39,Association
Heart Failure 119–177. (HFA).
Councils: Council on Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions (CCNAP), Council for Cardiology Practice (CCP).
PROTOCOLO IAMEST
HIAE 2018 - Tecla IAM (7090)
IAM com Elevação de - AAS 200mg
ST - O2 se SpO2 < 90%
- Analgesia

Alphaville e Chácara Klabin Morumbi, Perdizes e Ibirapuera

10 min 60 min
- Tenecteplase (TNK-tPA) - via radial
- AAS 200mg - stent farmacológico
Fibrinólise - Clopidogrel 300mg* ATC primária
- Enoxaparina - AAS 200mg
- Ticagrelor 180mg
ou Prasugrel 60mg#
Falha, instabilidade ou Sucesso
piora da isquemia - HNF IV na hemo

Farmaco-
ATC de resgate Revascularização
invasiva
Completa
2-24hs
Se doença multiarterial,
antes da alta hospitalar

•  *Se > 75 anos, não fazer dose de ataque.


•  #Contra-indicado se > 75 anos, peso<60kg ou AVC prévio.

•  OBS: Considerar clopidogrel 600mg como alternativa, em casos de ATC primária, se paciente de alto risco
hemorrágico.
DÚVIDAS ?
Obrigado !

joao.fernandes@einstein.br

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