Universidade Católica de Moçambique

Instituto de Educação à Distância

Actividade I

ENGLISH BASIC ASPECTS: Greetings, Numbers, Telling the time and dates

Marcela Pedro Nantapa – 708215532

Curso: Licenciatura em Ensino de Biologia

Disciplina: Inglês
Ano de Frequência: 1º Ano
Turma: L
Docente: Jordan Duarte Manuel Charle

Nampula, Maio 2022

 Critérios de avaliação (disciplinas teóricas)

Classificação
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do Sub-total
máxima
tutor
 Índice 0.5
 Introdução 0.5
Aspectos
Estrutura  Discussão 0.5
organizacionais
 Conclusão 0.5
 Bibliografia 0.5
 Contextualização
(Indicação clara do 2.0
problema)
Introdução  Descrição dos
1.0
objectivos
 Metodologia adequada
2.0
ao objecto do trabalho
 Articulação e domínio
do discurso académico
Conteúdo (expressão escrita 3.0
cuidada, coerência /
Análise e coesão textual)
discussão  Revisão bibliográfica
nacional e internacional
2.0
relevante na área de
estudo
 Exploração dos dados 2.5
 Contributos teóricos
Conclusão 2.0
práticos
 Paginação, tipo e
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gerais paragrafo, espaçamento
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Referências  Rigor e coerência das
6ª edição em
Bibliográfica citações/referências 2.0
citações e
s bibliográficas
bibliografia
Folha para recomendações de melhoria: A ser preenchida pelo tutor

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Índic

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e_Toc103337943

Introduction..................................................................................................................................5
English Basic Aspects Greetings.................................................................................................6
LOSING GREETINGS...............................................................................................................7
English Basic Aspects Numbers, Telling the time and dates......................................................7
Verbs to be, Verb to do, Verb to have and family (Present Simple, Present Continuous, plurals
and prepositions)..........................................................................................................................8
Simple Present Forms..................................................................................................................9
Present Continuous Forms.........................................................................................................10
The “Do” Verb...........................................................................................................................11
Verb to have...............................................................................................................................12
Forms of the verb “to have”.......................................................................................................12
PREPOSITIONS........................................................................................................................14
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................15

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Introduction

The present work is in the discipline of English, which has the theme of talking about
ENGLISH BASIC ASPECTS: Greetings, Numbers, Telling the time and dates, Verbs to be,
Verb to do, Verb to have and family. And the present simple, past simple, verb to have,
present Continuous, tense however, in solving this work I had a good advantage in the act of
developing my speaking skills.

This work has an introduction, development, conclusion and bibliography.

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English Basic Aspects Greetings

One of the most crucial elements of learning a new language is developing an understanding
of different greetings and the way in which they are used. After all, there are so many different
opening and closing greetings to choose from, and one that is completely appropriate in one
setting may be inappropriate or even offensive in another.

This is because some greetings are considered to be formal, or professional, while others are
much more informal, or casual. Moreover, some greetings are intended for both oral and
written usage, while others are only suitable for one or the other. Therefore, understanding
how and when greetings are used is essential.

For instance, the greeting you opt to use at the beginning of a formal job application would
likely be very different from the way you would begin a casual email to a close friend. At the
same time, the greetings you would use for those examples may be completely inappropriate
when verbally greeting your boss within the workplace.

To help you out, we have separated popular opening and closing greetings within the English
language into two tables below, complete with explanations of how they are used and whether
they are formal, informal or neutral.

OPENING GREETINGS
Usage (Oral / Language
Greeting
Written) Register
 Dear Sir / Madam Written only Very formal
Dear Mr. X / Mrs. X / Miss X / Ms. X Written only Very formal
Pleased to meet you / It’s a pleasure to meet you Oral Formal
How do you do? Oral Formal
Good morning / day / evening Written and Oral Formal – Neutral
Hello (+ Mr. X / Mrs. X / Miss X / Ms. X) Written and Oral Formal
Hello Written and Oral Neutral
Hello (+ First name) Written and Oral Neutral – Informal
How are you? Written and Oral Neutral
Hi! Written and Oral Neutral – Informal
Hey / Hey man! / Hey guys! Written and Oral Informal
How’s everything going? / How are things? / How’s life? Oral Informal
Long time, no see! Oral Informal

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What’s up? Mostly oral Informal
Hiya! Written and Oral Informal
Yo! Mostly oral  Very informal
Howdy! Oral Very informal
‘Sup? Oral Very informal

LOSING GREETINGS

Greeting Usage (Oral / Written) Language Register

Yours Sincerely / Yours Faithfully Written only Very formal
Kind Regards Written only Formal
Farewell Written and oral Formal
All the best Written and oral Neutral – Formal
Goodbye! Oral Neutral – Formal
See you later / tomorrow / in the morning Mostly oral Neutral
Take care Written and Oral Neutral
From (+ name) Written only Neutral
Bye! Oral Neutral – Informal
See ya! Oral Informal
Love / Love from Written only Informal (used with close friends
and family)
Lots of love / Much love Mostly written Informal
See you around Oral Informal
Catch you later Oral Informal

English Basic Aspects Numbers, Telling the time and dates

Learning to tell the time in English is an invaluable step in a language learning journey, it's
something you can never regret taking the time to consult.

Before learning to tell time, you need to know how to ask. When you first arrive in an English-
speaking country, you will definitely be asking for more time than you are giving. Here are
some of the most common ways to ask someone what time it is.

Excuse me, what time is it?

Do you have the time, please?
Do you happen to have the time?
Can you please tell me what time it is?
Excuse me, please tell me the time.

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What time should I arrive?
An hour is made up of sixty “minutes,” and in the U.S., we give the exact time by saying the
hour and then the minutes. Minutes, here, refer to how many minutes after the hour it is. In
writing, this is written with the number of the hour followed by a colon, and then the number
of minutes after the colon: [Hour]: [Minutes After].

For example, this may look like:

1:34 (thirty-four minutes after one o’clock)

It’s 1:34 a.m., what are you doing up?
3:16 (sixteen minutes after three o’clock)
At 3:16 p.m., she finally left the hospital.
8:59 (fifty-nine minutes after eight o’clock, or one minute before 9 o’clock)
It was 8:59 a.m. when she looked at the clock.

Verbs to be, Verb to do, Verb to have and family (Present Simple, Present Continuous,
plurals and prepositions)

Verbs to be

Verb is class of words, the semantic point of view, contain the action concepts, process or
state.

Like the other verbs as have, work, love, want etc, the verb to be can be conjugated in all verb
tenses. This is a verb with many changes in its conjugation, it's important to you to pay
attention to all the varieties of it to know where and when you should use them.

The simple structure of the verb to be consisting of three forms of the Present Tense:
Affirmative, Negative and Interrogative.

The simple present (also called present simple or present indefinite) is a verb tense which is
used to show repetition, habit or generalization. Less commonly, the simple present can be
used to talk about scheduled actions in the near future and, in some cases, actions happening
now. Examples, and simple present exercises.

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Simple Present Forms

The simple present is just the base form of the verb. Questions are made with do and negative
forms are made with do not.

 Statement: You speak English.

 Question: Do you speak English?

 Negative: You do not speak English.

In the third person singular, -s or -es is added. Questions are made with does and negative
forms are made with does not.

 Statement: He speaks English.

 Question: Does he speak English?

 Negative: He does not speak English.

Use the simple present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be
a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also
be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.

Examples:

 I play football.

 She does not play football.

 Does he play football?

 The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.

 The train does not leave at 9 AM.

 When does the train usually leave?

 She always forgets her purse.

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  He never forgets his wallet.

 Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun.

 Does the Sun circle the Earth?

Let's check the other verb tenses of the verb to be and its varieties.

Present Continuous

The present continuous (also called present progressive) is a verb tense which is used to show
that an ongoing action is happening now, either at the moment of speech or now in a larger
sense. The present continuous can also be used to show that an action is going to take place in
the near future. Read on for detailed descriptions, examples, and present continuous exercises.

Present Continuous Forms

The present continuous is formed using am/is/are + present participle. Questions are

indicated by inverting the subject and am/is/are. Negatives are made with not.

 Statement: You are watching TV.

 Question: Are you watching TV?

 Negative: You are not watching TV.

Use the present continuous with normal verbs to express the idea that something is happening
now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not happening now.

Examples:

 You are learning English now.

 You are not swimming now.
 Are you sleeping?
 I am sitting.
 I am not standing.
 Is he sitting or standing?
 They are reading their books.
 They are not watching television.
 What are you doing?

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  Why aren't you doing your homework?

In English, "now" can mean: this second, today, this month, this year, this century, and so on.
Sometimes, we use the present continuous to say that we are in the process of doing a longer
action which is in progress; however, we might not be doing it at this exact second.

Examples: (All of these sentences can be said while eating dinner in a restaurant.)

 I am studying to become a doctor.

 I am not studying to become a dentist.
 I am reading the book Tom Sawyer.
 I am not reading any books right now.
 Are you working on any special projects at work?
 Aren't you teaching at the university now?.

The “Do” Verb

Do is an irregular verb. Do may be used as a main verb or as a helping verb. Whenever a

single word form of “do” is used, or if “do” is the last word in a phrasal verb then it is the
principal verb in the sentence.

 Main verb example: I do the dishes. I can do the dishes. Do is the main verb in the phrasal
verb can do.

When any form of “do” is the first word in a phrasal verb, then “do” is the helping verb.

 Helping verb example: I do think that my daughter should wash the dishes. Do is the helping
verb; think is the main verb.

Present Present Continuous

Action happening now
Person & Number do Present “be” verb + doing

1st Person Singular I do the dishes. I was doing the dishes

2nd Person Singular You do You were doing
3rd Person Singular He/she/it does third He/she/it was doing
person singular rule –
add “es”
1st Person Plural We do We were doing
2nd Person Plural You do You were doing

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3rd Person Plural They do They were doing

Verb to have

The “to have” verb is the second most commonly used verb in the English language, and it
have many important uses. After the verb “to be”. In English, the “to have” verb has many
different uses. It can be the main verb, or it can be an auxiliary verb, and it can change
meanings depending on the context where it’s used.

In English, there are two main uses of the verb “to have”, first as the main verb, this is when it
has a meaning by itself and it’s the acting verb of the sentence, and second as an auxiliary
verb. When used as an auxiliary, the “to have” verb doesn’t have a specific meaning in
English, but it’s still very important, since it helps form more complex tenses. Also, there’s a
third use for this verb, and it’s when “to have” is a modal verb, in which case it’s used to
express necessity or obligation.

When used as a main verb, the meaning of the verb “to have” indicates possession and
ownership, like in the sentence “I have a bike”, and also it can mean to perform an action, for
example, “Lisa has breakfast every morning”, where the “to have” verb is used to talk about
the action of eating breakfast.

Forms of the verb “to have”

The “to have” verb is an irregular verb, which means that it changes its spelling depending on
the three main forms it takes: present, past, and past participle. Let’s see the different forms of
“to have” with the different subjects, and for affirmative and negative sentences.

Present

The present form of “to have” is mainly used to form the simple present of a sentence. Since
this verb is irregular, there are two ways of writing it in the present: “have” or “has”, and
deciding to use one or the other depend on the subject of the sentence.

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Continuous

The continuous form of the “to have” verb is the word “having”, and it’s used with the
continuous tenses.

Having - Verb to have

I am having
you are having
he/she/it is having
we/they/you are having

Plural Nouns

Use a plural noun when you are talking about two or more people, places or things.

 Just add s to make most nouns plural

Singular Plural Singular Plural

a computer computers a mountain mountains
a chair chairs a river rivers
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a train trains an envelope envelopes
a player players an insect insects

Nouns that end in s, ss, ch, sh or x, are made plural by adding es.

Singular Plural Singular Plural

bus buses sandwich sandwiches
glass glasses witch witches
dress dresses brush brushes
branch branches flash flashes

PREPOSITIONS

Prepositions are words used to express a relationship between a noun or pronoun to another
word. Prepositions can show the relationship between things, people, or places. Understanding
prepositions – what they do and how they are used – will give you the ability to describe
things better and narrow down information you read and hear so that you can quickly and
easily comprehend the most important parts.

Preposition properties

There is nothing magic about prepositions, although they can do some pretty amazing things.
Let’s examine the amazing things we discover about prepositions. Look at the sentence below:

The cat sleeps in a box.

If you can determine the parts of speech in this sentence, you’ll notice that:

The = (definite) article

cat = noun (the subject of the sentence)
sleeps = verb (third person, present tense)
in = preposition (of location)
a = (indefinite) article
box = noun (object of the preposition)
Prepositions at/on/in: time
at on in no preposition
+ clock time + a day of the week + a part of the day+ next/this/last/
each/every
at 6:00pm at on Monday on in the evening in the next week last year

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dinnertime Saturday night
morning
+ the weekend + date + longer period of +today/tomorrow
+ holiday period time (e.g. month, /yesterday
year)
at the weekend at on the 19th of May in 2016, in April, in
Christmas (but on on his birthday Spring, in the 18th
Christmas day) century

Conclusion

The work speaks of the English Basic Aspects: Greetings and Numbers. Too speak of Verbs to
be, Verb to do, Verb to have and family, present simple, present continuous, plurals and
prepositions can also be used to show that an action is going to take place in the near future.
Read on for detailed descriptions, examples, and present continuous exercises.

The “to have” verb is the second most commonly used verb in the English language, after
the verb “to be”, verb to do and verb to have. We use it with finished actions, states or habits
in the past that we have introduced with the present perfect or another tense.

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Bibliography

DICKIE, Amelia, teacher os English UCM-CED, faculty of education and communication.

The “Do” Verb. Tutoring Center BCCC 7/2015, Disponível:

https://www.bucks.edu/media/bcccmedialibrary/tutoring/documents/writingareahandoutrevisio
n/aeslandgrammar/DO-Verb.pdf

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